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COLLECTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY THEODORE CALVIN PEASE i UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS VOLUME XXIII

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115 Id Set LIR9ARY of r ONHP^SS WAY 17 1935 OUialUrt OF DO </t>MtHTS *

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ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY BOARD OF TRUSTEES Otto Leopold Schmidt, President Laurence Marcellus Larson, Secretary Albert Britt Paul M. Angle, Librarian Theodore Calvin Pease, Editor ADVISORY COMMISSION evarts boutell greene William Edward Dodd James Alton James Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin Theodore Calvin Pease

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FRENCH SERIES VOLUME I THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS 1680-1693

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Title Page 7

COLLECTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL UBRARY volume xxra FRENCH SERIES, VOLUME I THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS 1680-1693 Edited with Introduction and Notes by THEODORE CALVIN PEASE University of Illinois and RAYMOND C. WERNER University of Illinois Published by the Trustees of the ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL UBRARY SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS

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Copyright, 1934 BY The Illinois State Historical Library Press of Jeffersons Printing & Stationery Co. Springfield, Iixinois

Preface 9

PREFACE Volumes of the Illinois Historical Collections hitherto issued have spanned the field of Illinois history from the memory of men now living to the beginning of the British period in 1763. But except for the first volume, which was planned on a different model from the later volumes of the Collections, no material has been published on the ninety years of French exploration and exploitation, though the period was one in which the name of Illinois was a familiar word not merely to the statesmen of old France but also to their rivals of England and Spain. It must be admitted that there was much excuse for this omission inasmuch as material relating to the Illinois in this period appeared in print in many different places, the Wisconsin Historical Collections, the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, the Documents Relative to the Colonial History of New York, to say nothing of the Canadian Archives and of other Canadian publications. Indeed, the history of Father Marquette has been told so often, and has been so carefully documented that any attempt to deal with it would be sheer repetition. Similarly the career of La Salle has been so intimately studied and documented that only on certain phases, namely those respecting his commercial and financial arrangements, is there opportunity for any documentary material to shed fresh light. From La Salle's time onward, however, the flood of documentary material available for Illinois history gathers volume rapidly. By far the greatest part of the sources from which the story of the French Illinois is to be written from the year 1687 onward, still remains in manuscript Accordingly, the French series of the Illinois Historical Collections which is inaugurated by this volume, will begin by offering a selection of the available material from the year 1680 to the year 1693. A small part of this material has been printed either in original or in translation but not in both. By far the greater part of it is used through the generosity of the keepers of various ui

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IV ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS repositories. To the Trustees of the Chicago Historical Society and, especially, to the Director, Mr. L. H. Shattuck, acknowledgment is made of permission to reproduce various interesting and important originals from the Otto L. Schmidt Collection and from other parts of its rich store of manuscript material. To the Trustees of the Newberry Library and to the librarian, Mr. George B. Utley, the sincere thanks of the State Historical Library are due for permission to reproduce the so-called Degannes Memoir, which, though the date of its composition falls outside the period of the volume, actually gives a matchless description of the Illinois Indians in the days of Fort St. Louis of the Rock. A great mass of engagements and other papers referring to the fur trade were drawn from the archives of the Palais de Justice of Montreal. The editors wish to take this occasion to offer their thanks to M. E. Z. Massicotte, Chief Archivist of the Palais de Justice, and to his assistants for their unwearied courtesy and helpfulness. They desire, also, to thank Mademoiselle Mignonne Cote, who supplied copies of the documents selected and whose uncanny skill in deciphering the terrific handwriting of Antoine Adhemar, notary of Montreal in the seventeenth century, can be most enthusiastically recommended to all persons desirous of obtaining copies from the archives of the Palais de Justice. Similarly a fair number of documents were drawn from copies of the originals in the Archives Nationales originally selected for the University of Illinois by Mr. Waldo G. Leland and copied under his direction. The editors take this opportunity of according their grateful thanks to Miss Ernestine Jenison, assistant editor, for her able assistance in the preparation of the volumes for the press. Miss Jenison has checked and revised French translations, has prepared very many of the footnotes and has made herself responsible at every turn for the detailed accuracy of the publication. While taking on themselves the responsibility for all errors that may remain, the editors wish to offer their thanks to Miss Jenison, and to Miss Mildred Eversole for the discovery and elimination of very many that have been caught. In addition Miss Eversole, along with Miss Louese Ramser and Miss Lorna Sullivan, has aided in the task of seeing the volume through the press.

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CONTENTS Introduction........................................ ix Chapter I ........................................ 1 Chapter II ........................................ 60 Chapter III ........................................ 123 Chapter IV ........................................ 162 Chapter V ........................................ 195 Chapter VI ........................................254 Chapter VII ........................................ 302 List of Documents................................... 399 Index ............................................... 407

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THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS Special Intkoduction

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Introduction 15 0009

INTRODUCTION The story of French exploration and exploitation in the Old Northwest has been told so often in so great detail and so well that there is no reason for here rehearsing the familiar details of the story. The excuse for any new publication on the subject must be a new interpretation or a new body of documentary material; the latter is the main contribution of the present volume. In its additions, whatever they may be to the story of La Salle, Tonti, and La Forest, it tells its own story; and it requires no further comment than some brief remarks as to its character. Of the various bodies of sources from which the story of French activity in the Old Northwest may be reconstructed, one of the earliest to be used, and most interesting, if not the most valuable, is the memoir. Frenchmen, with their inherent habit of orderly thinking, have been given to setting down in orderly sequence, facts, projects, and conclusions regarding any given matter that interests them. Much on this order is the famous publication of Father Louis Hennepin, which for better or worse, first drew the attention of the world at large to the Old Northwest; and, incidentally, began a series of mistakes and misconceptions which the toil of scholars down to the present has scarcely been able to dispel. Through the courtesy of the Newberry Library of Chicago, a memoir of this sort hitherto unprinted is presented the so-called De Gannes Memoir. The only known copy is a transcript bound with various other narratives of discovery, exploration, and trade in a series of bound volumes apparently part of the library of a Swiss gentleman in the second third of the eighteenth century. The signature "Degannes" is quite inexplicable unless it be the name of the secretary or transcriber or the usurpation of someone seeking to gain its credit for himself. The things which the author ix

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x ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tells us about himself, his own experiences, commands in the Illinois, point unmistakably to the Sieur Deliette, nephew of Henri de Tonti, as the author. The Jesuits did not give Deliette as good a character as he gave them, and possibly the narrative in question may reveal the reason. He writes very much from the point of view of the modern anthropologist, quite conscious of such things as racial psychologies, sociologies, and habits of life. His simplicity and straightforwardness give his story the earmarks of truth and force. It affords the very best of the early accounts of the Illinois country and of its Indians. Similar contributions of less importance are to be found in memoirs originating with La Salle and Tonti, detailing means and methods of reaching, exploring, and exploiting the West. One of these has already been printed in Margry; the excuse for reprinting it here must be its importance and the garbled way in which Margry dealt with it; one whole sentence is omitted without any sign of omission, probably because a word in it defied Margry as it defied the present editor. Dispatches exchanged between the French governors in Canada and the king and his ministers are another of the main sources for French activity in the Northwest. These have been often used and often reprinted in considerable bodies, notably in the Documents relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York. However, most reprintings of them are to a minor degree misleading as far as emphasis is concerned. The dispatches in question, several of them, sometimes dating on the same day, cover the whole range of the most minute governmental activities in New France; extending sometimes to forty, fifty, sixty pages, and even longer, in endless paragraphs, they run the gamut of a vast variety of subjects on which the orders, exhortations, and rebukes of the king are counterbalanced by the reports, excuses, and explanations of his governors in New France. Sandwiched in a long dispatch between the porpoise fishery and the chance of establishing a brewery in the colony, may be a paragraph or two relating to activities in the Illinois, or perhaps several more as to the probabilities of inducing the Illinois Indians to take the warpath against the Seneca. When such passages are extracted for the purpose of

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INTRODUCTION xi publication, a certain distortion of emphasis becomes apparent Much of the material in these dispatches relating to the Illinois has already been published in the New York Colonial Documents simply because war between the Iroquois and the Illinois was quite the usual thing in French calculations; a French map of the Lake Ontario of the late seventeenth century contains the notation: "Route by which the Seneca go to make war against the Illinois." Comparatively few such extracts have been reprinted in the present volume, but on the other hand, one or two dispatches have been given in large for the purpose of setting forth in a clearer light the precise scale of importance to be accorded to the exchange of ideas between the king and his ministers on the West. Possibly one of the more important contributions of this volume is to be found in a large body of notarial documents which specifically refer to exploration, settlement, and trade in the Illinois. Most of these trace their provenance to Montreal. Montreal in the last third of the seventeenth century stood at the junction of trade routes to the nearer West; originally founded by the enthusiasm of religious crusaders, in the square before her cathedral and its seminary, with walls still loopholed for musketry against the Iroquois, stands the statue of Maisonneuve, her founder, with his immortal boast: "It touches my honor to accomplish my mission were there as many Iroquois warriors as there are trees on the island of Montreal." Still mindful of her religious mission, in the latter part of the seventeenth century she had become equally mindful of her possibilities as a center of trade. Standing almost to the foot of the last rapids in the St. Lawrence, with the Ottawa, the second great pathway to the Northwest joining it a few miles above her gates, it was inevitable that the attention of the worldly minded among her citizens should be directed to western trade. From her mountain, a path ran straight and plain to Starved Rock in the country of the Illinois. Within her gates most of the trading and exploring expeditions of La Salle, Tonti, and La Forest were organized, and much of the financing of their expeditions was accomplished. The record of these transactions is preserved to us in the files of the Montreal notaries, now deposited in the Palais de Justice of Montreal.

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xii ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS The notary, half lawyer and scrivener, half public recorder, drew up engagements by which voyageurs obligated themselves to man the canoes for the river of the Illinois, fashioned the conventions, bonds, and acknowledgments of debt which financed the expeditions, and listed the inventories and settlements of estates which reveal the loans by local money lenders, male and female, to the men who embarked for the Illinois. Copies of instruments so drawn with him and filed with him, the notary retained in the form of public records. The files of the local notaries have finally made their way into the archives of the Palais de Justice of Montreal, where they afford a large treasure of information as to the fur trade, not merely to the Illinois but also to Michillimackinac, to the Ottawa, and elsewhere. The treasure is hidden under a peculiarly tenacious stratum of handwriting. The writing of Antoine Adhemar, the notary who did ten times as much business for the western traders as all the others put together, spread over thousands and thousands of documents, grows steadily worse. Abbreviations of his own invention, impossible scribbles, formulations that must be guessed at from their content rather than defined from the outward appearance of the writing, withhold the large treasure of his files from the casual investigator. True, there are easier passages of writing to be found in it. There is, for example, a feudal grant in the delicate, precise, almost scholarly hand of La Salle, filed for safe-keeping by an adventurer who hoped his grant might be the foundation of a noble family estate. But, in the main, the treasures of Adhemar's files have to be blasted out of his own handwriting. To be coupled with these are various other documents which at some time or other have passed through the hands of Adhemar or his fellow notaries, and have then been returned to the original possessor. The Chicago Historical Society is fortunate in having a considerable collection of these, and with great courtesy has made it available for the present volume. Putting all these things together, an interesting story of actual happenings in the Illinois stands revealed in documents. Three or four seigniorial grants by La Salle in the vicinity of Starved Rock, with rights of dovecote, low justice, etc., etc.; a short grant

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INTRODUCTION xiii scratched in the atrocious writing that was perhaps the best that Henri de Tonti's left hand could compass, of lands in the Arkansas; assignments of shares in the claims of Tonti and La Forest to the Illinois for value received, agreements and controversies respecting the precious beaver pelts so important in the trade, protests, acknowledgments of debt, and, above all, the engagements; this is a summary of the contribution to this volume from documents in their notarial order. The engagements, perhaps, claim a further word of comment. From those given in the present volume can be detailed the process by which Tonti and La Forest built up the personnel of their expeditions to the Illinois. The voyageur was ordinarily bound to set off at the first call of his master; sometimes it was specified there should be one other man in the canoe with him; sometimes the load of the canoe was also specified. He is to ascend to the Illinois and return from it either that year or at the will of his employer, for a corresponding increase in compensation, the year after. In certain cases the voyageur is paid manifestly only for his time in helping take the boat to the Illinois and back again. During the time of his stay he must subsist himself, and his time is his own. If subsisted at the charge of the Illinois partnership it is expressly provided that he is to make himself useful as fur trader, hunter, or perhaps in his profession as surgeon. His own personal participation in the trade for his own profit is sharply defined. If he is required to subsist himself in the Illinois, he is permitted to take with him goods sufficient to provide his food by course of trade; otherwise, he is allowed only to trade his capot, his blanket, and his gun, or some such matters which it was morally certain he would part with in any case under pretense of having lost them. Sometimes it is specified that he must not trade them in the neighborhood of Fort St. Louis; sometimes he is even further required to trade them at Mackinac. Besides the apichimo or gratuity of a certain number of beaver pelts specified by the engagement, he is ordinarily allowed a year's pay in livres payable in beaver at the price of the king's bureau in Montreal. Probably as a result of experience with careless canoemen, it comes to be specified that he can look for his payment only from the beaver

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xiv ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS which comes through safely in the canoe which he himself helps to paddle; an upset canoe becomes as much the financial loss of the men who paddle it as the men who own it. From the settlement of the estates of persons like Mademoiselle Migeon at Montreal, another step in the process becomes apparent. Such estate settlements contain long lists of loans in small sums to "The Tulip," "The Violet," "The Prettyheart," and other nicknames which, assumed over and over again by different voyageurs, are the despair of the genealogist. Presumably these advances had gone for the blanket, capot, rifle, and goods for trade in the western country, to be repaid, like the larger advances, in Hvres to Messieurs Tonti, La Forest, and La Salle, out of the proceeds of beaver in case it ever came back. If the documents in this volume have any contribution to offer to the western story, it is their testimony to the less dramatic and more practical aspects of the enterprise. The romance of western exploitation appealed to Parkman, and its statecraft to Alvord. The documents in question introduce the state's first business men and employers of labor on the distinctly financial and commercial side of their enterprise.

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DOCUMENTS

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Chapter I 23 0001

CHAPTER I La Salle on the Illinois Country, 1680 A.N., C, CC3: 23-26 D.N.S.; printed in Pierre Margry, Decouvertes et Gtablissements des Franfais, 2:93-102 1 Joint a la lettre de M. de frontenac du 9. 9bre 1680. La Riviere de Niagara est navigable pendant dix lieties, depuis le saut jusqu'a l'entree du Lac Erie, Etant impossible d'y monter une barque a moins d'avoir assez de monde pour etre a la voille, tirer au Cou, et toiier en meme temps et encore avec des circon-spections si grandes que Ton ne peut esperer de reussir toujours. L'entree du lac Erie est si traversee de batures que pour ne pas risquer tous les voiages un batiment, il faut le laisser dans une Riviere qui est six lieues avant dans le Lac ny aiant plus pres du bout ny havre ny moiiillage. II y a dans le Lac Erie trois grandes Translation Enclosed with the letter of Monsieur de Frontenac of November 9, 1680 The Niagara River is innavigable ? for ten leagues from the falls to the entrance into Lake Erie, it being impossible to bring up a vessel, at least without enough men to handle the sail, to haul at the bow, and to warp at the same time, and even with such great caution one cannot hope to be successful always. The entrance into Lake Erie is so obstructed with shallow bars that, in order not to risk losing the vessel every voyage, it is necessary to leave it in a river six leagues away along the lake, which is the nearest harbor or anchorage. There are in Lake Erie three large 1 Included in this volume because of adapted form in which it appears in Margry. 1

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2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS pointes dont deux avancees plus de dix lieties au large, Ce sont batures de sable ou l'on aborde avant que de les voir si Ton ne prend de grandes precautions. II y a changement de vent pour entrer dans le detroit du Lac Erie au Lac Huron ou il y a plus d'eau et grand courant. Grande difficulte au detroit de Missilimakinac pour entrer du Lac Huron en celuy des Ilinois,1 le courant y est d'ordre contre le vent, et le Canal etroit a cause des batures qui portent au large des deux costez; Point ou tres peu de moiiillage dans le Lac Huron, point de havres non plus que dans le lac des Ilinois du coste du Nord, de L ouest et du ^ud, quantite d'Isles dans l'un et dans l'autre, dangereuses dans celuy des Ilinois a cause des batures de sables qui sont au large Ce Lac est peu profond et sujet a de terribles coups de vent sans abry et les batures approchent l'ap-proche des Isles, mais il se peut faire qu'avec une navigation plus frequentes les difficultez seront moindres et les ports et havres Translation peninsulas, of which two jut out more than ten leagues. These are sand bars which one may run afoul of before seeing them unless one takes great precautions. A change of wind is necessary to enter the straits between Lake Erie and Lake Huron, where there is more water and a strong current. Great difficulties confront one at the Straits of Michillimackinac in entering from Lake Huron into the lake of the Illinois.1 The wind there is usually counter to the current, and the channel is narrow on account of the bars which extend out from the two shores. There are very few or no anchorages in Lake Huron, and no more harbors than in the lake of the Illinois along the north, west, and south shores. There are great numbers of islands in both lakes. Those of the Illinois are a hazard on account of the sand bars which are off them. This lake is not deep and is subject to terrific winds from which there is no shelter, and the bars border upon the approaches to the islands; but it is possible that with more frequent voyages the dangers will be lessened and the ports and harbors better known as has hap-*Lake Michigan.

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 3 plus connus comme il est arrive du Lac frontenac1 dont la navigation est presentement et seure et facile. Le Bassin ou Ton entre pour aller du Lac des Ilinois a la Riviere divine* n'est nullement propre pour la communicaon, ny-aiant point de Rades vents, n'y d'entree pour un batiment ny meme pour un Canot, a moins d'un grand Calme. Les Prairies par ou Ton pretendoit la communicaon etant noyees toutes les f ois qu'il pleut par les avalasses des coteaux voisins. II est tres difficile d'y faire et entretenir un Canal qu'il ne se remplisse tout aussi tost de sable et de gravier et l'on ne peut f ouiller dans la terre que Ton ne trouve l'eau, et il y a des esteaux de sable entre le Lac et les prairies. Et quand ce Canal seroit possible avec bien de la depense il seroit inutile parce que la Riviere divine est inavigable pendant 40. lieues depuis la jusqu'au grand Village des Ilinois. Les Canots n y peuvent passer durant l'Este et meme il y a un grand rapide en deca de ce village. Translation pened in the case of Lake Frontenac,1 on which navigation is now safe and easy. The haven which one enters in order to go from the lake of the Illinois to the Divine River2 is not at all suitable for navigation as there are no winds in the roadstead, nor any passageway for a vessel, nor even for a canoe, at least in a great calm. The prairies over which communication is maintained are flooded by the great volume of water flowing down from the neighboring hills whenever it rains. It is very difficult to make and maintain a canal that does not immediately fill up with sand and gravel; one need only dig into the ground to find water; and there are some sand dunes between the lake and the prairies. And, although a canal would be possible with a great deal of expense, it would be useless because the Divine River is innavigable for forty leagues, the distance to the great village of the Illinois. Canoes cannot traverse it during the summer, and even then there are long rapids this side of that village. 'Lake Ontario. "Applied to the Illinois River and its various sources. Here it probably refers to the Desplaines, while later in the paragraph to the main branch of the river.

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4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS On n'y a point veu encore de mines quoique Ton trouve des morceaux de Cuivre en plusieurs endroits quand les eaux sont basses. II y a d'excellent Chamure et du Charbon de terre. Les sauvages disent avoir vendu du metal jaune du village mais ils le depeignent trop pur, pour etre de Mine d'or. Les beufs y deviennent plus rares depuis que les Ilinois ont la guerre avec leurs voisins les uns et les aues les tuant et chassant continuellement. II y a navigation depuis le fort Crevecoeur jusqu'a la Mer, le nouveau Mexique n'est pas eloigne de plus de 20. jouraes a L'ouest de ce fort. Les Matontenta qui sont venus voir Monsr de la salle aiant apporte un pie de cheval des Espagnols qu'ils avoient tue en leur Pais eloigne seulement de dix journees de ce fort d'ou Ton y peut aller par Riviere. Ces sauvages rapportent que les Espagnols qui leur font la guerre se servent de Lances plus que de fusils. II n'y a point d'European a I'embouchure de la grande Riviere Colbert,1 ce Monstre dont le Sr Jolliet a apporte la figure est un Translation Mines have not yet been seen although pieces of copper have been found in a number of places where the water is low. There is excellent stone ? and coal. The Indians relate having sold some yellow metal from the village, but from their description it was too pure to have come from a gold mine. The buffalo are becoming scarce here since the Illinois are at war with their neighbors; both kill and hunt them continually. It is possible to go by water from Fort Crevecoeur to the sea. New Mexico is not over twenty days' journey distant to the west from this fort. The Oto, who have come to see Monsieur de la Salle, have brought with them a piebald belonging to some Spaniards whom they killed in their country only ten days' journey distant from this fort; one could go from the one to the other by the river. These Indians relate that the Spanish who make war against them use lances more than muskets. There are no Europeans at the mouth of the great river Colbert.1 The monster a sketch of which the Sieur Jolliet brought ' The Mississippi River.

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 5 Crotesque peint par quelque Sauvage de cette Riviere dont per-sonne n'aveu l'origine. II est a une journee et demye de Creve coeur, Et si le Sr Jolliet eust descendu un peu plus bas il en eust veu un autre plus affreux.1 II n'a pas fait reflexion que les Mosopelea* qu'il marque dans sa Carte etoient entiereme. detruits avant son voiage, II marque dans cette meme carte quantite de Nations qui ne sont que les noms des families qui composent celle des Ilinois, Les Pronerea, Carcarchia, Tamaroa, Karakoenitanon, Chinko, Caokia, Chepous-sea, Amanakoa, Ooukkea, Acansa,8 et plusieurs aues, formant le village des Ilinois compose d'environ 400. Cabanes couvertes de Nattes de jonc sans aucune fortification. J'y ay Compte a peu prez 1800. Combatans qui n'ont plus de guerre qu'avec les Iroquois Translation back is a grotesque painted by some Indian of the river: no one will avow its origin. It is a day and a half's journey from Crevecoeur, and if the Sieur Jolliet had descended a little farther he would have seen another more frightful still.1 He has not reflected that the Mosopelea,2 whom he notes on his map, were completely wiped out before his voyage. He notes on this same map numerous nations which are only the names of some of the tribes composing the nation of the Illinois the Peoria, Kaskaskia, Tamaroa, Coiracoentanon, Chinko, Cahokia, Chepoussa, Amonokoa, Cahokia, Quapaw,8 and many others forming the village of the Illinois made up of about 400 huts covered with reed mats and without any fortification. I have reckoned up almost 1,800 fighting men who are at war only with the Iroquois; with them it would be easy to come to an understanding if there 1 These pictographs were on a rock along the river near Alton, Illinois. Evidence of one of them remained at least to 1848. For Marquette's description of them, see Louise Phelps Kellogg, Early Narratives of the Northwest, 248-249. 1 Marquette's map locates them on the east bank of the Mississippi south of the Ohio. Peoria, Kaskaskia, Tamaroa, Coiracoentanon, Chinko, Cahokia, Chepoussa, and Amonokoa were tribes and bands of the Illinois. The name Oouka is undoubtedly a corruption of Cahokia. The Akansea were the Quapaw, a southern Siouan tribe who once ranged the southern part of Illinois. Handbook of American Indians, passim, especially 2: 334. See also post, 277 il 2.

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6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS avec lesquels il seroit facile de les accommoder s'il n'y avoit pas lieu d'apprehender ^u'etant d'accord avec Eux et aiant une retraite de le. coste Us ne voulussent faire la guerre aux Outaouaes qu'ils hayssent extrememet et ne troublassent par la notre commerce mais tandis que Ton poura faire en sorte qu'ils aient besoin de Nous on les tiendra aisement dans le devoir et par leur moien les Nations les plus eloignees de qui ils sont redoutez. II y a de tres beau bois a batir des Navires Le long de sept ou huit Rivieres qui se deschargent dans celle de Colbert dont la moindre a plus de trois cens lieues de Cours sans sauts. Monsr de la Salle a veu des Sauvages des trois Nations par ou passa Fernand Soto, scavoir sicachea, Casein, et Amynoya1 d'ou ses gens allerent dans le Mexique et qui asseurent y avoir une tres belle navigation de Crevecoeur chez Eux. II est important d'achever cette decouverte parce que la Riviere sur laqHe demeurent les sicachia, et qui probablement est le Translation were not cause to fear that, being at peace with the Iroquois and feeling secure from their direction, the Illinois might wish to make war against the Ottawa, whom they hate exceedingly, and thus interrupt our commerce. But so long as it can be contrived to keep them dependent upon us, they may readily be held to their duty, and through them the more distant nations by whom they are feared. There is some very fine wood for shipbuilding along the seven or eight rivers flowing into the Colbert, the least of which has a course of 300 leagues without falls. Monsieur de la Salle has seen the Indians of three nations through whom Fernando de Soto passed, namely, Chickasaw, Casqui, and Aminoya.1 From them these people go into Mexico; they assure us that they have a very good water route from Crevecoeur to their homes. It is important that this exploration be carried out because the river on which the Chickasaw live, and which probably is the ,,. 1.T!le .Chickasaw, a Muskhogean tribe, were at this time in northern Mississippi. Casqu, and Aminoya are Indian towns west of the Mississippi, r^ifl 21Z260 262 °r h'S followers- Handbook of American Indians,

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 7 Sakakoiia1 prend la source proche la Caroline ou sont les Anglois, a 300. lieues a l'Est de la Riviere Colbert dans la floride f rancoise proche du Palache, d'ou les anglois pouroient venir en barque jusqu'aux Ilinois, aux Miamis2 et proche de la Baye des Puans3 et du pais des Nadouessioux et attirer par la une grande partie de Notre commerce. II a cette annee fait plus froid aux Ilinois qu'au fort frontenac.4 On ne seme chez eux qu'une fois l'annee et c'est a la Lune de May, Gelant tous les ans a glace au mois d'Avril; II est vray que la douceur du mois de Janvier qui a ete egale au fort frontenac avoit fait d'abord croire que ce Pais etoit doux comme la provence, Mais depuis Nous avons reconnu que l'hiver n'etoit pas moindre que celuy des Iroquois puisque le 22. Mars la Riviere etoit encore glacee Et le Lac des Illinois du coste du sud aussi remply de glaces que le Lac de frontenac Test ordinairement au Translation Sakakoiia,1 has its source near Carolina, where the English are, 300 leagues to the east of the river Colbert in French Florida near Apalachee; whence the English would be able to come by ship to the Illinois, to the Miami,2 and close to the Baye des Puans3 and the country of the Sioux, and secure thereby a great portion of our trade. It was colder this year in the Illinois than at Fort Frontenac.4 Planting is done here only once a year and that is in the month of May, as there is always a hard freeze in April. It is true that the mildness of the month of January, which is the same at Fort Frontenac, at first caused us to believe that this country would be as mild as Provence, but since then we have learned that the winter is not less severe than that of the Iroquois inasmuch as on March 22, the river was still frozen; and the lake of the Illinois was again as full of ice along the south shore as Lake Frontenac ordinarily Tranquelin's map of 1708 would indicate that this is the Yazoo. See also, Handbook of American Indians, 1:260. * The Miami were at this time located about the southern end of Lake Michigan and along the St. Joseph River. Ibid., 1:8S2. 3 Green Bay, Wisconsin. * The modern Kingston, Ontario.

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8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS mois de Janvier quoique le Lac Erie en fust tellement net huit jours apres qu'il n'en paroissoit pas du tout dans les Mares et les autres du coste du Nord. Tout le Pals d'entre le Lac des Ilinois et le Lac Erie pendant l'espace de Cent ou six vingts lieues n'est qu'une chaine de Mon-tagne d'ou il descend quantite de Rivieres a Louest dans le Lac des Ilinois, au nord dans le lac Huron, a l'Est dans le lac Erie et au Sud dans la Riviere D'Ohio, leurs sources sont si proches les unes des autres sur le sommet de ces montagnes qu'en trois jours de marche Nous en avons passe vint deux ou vint trois plus considerables que celle de Saurel ou Richelieu. Le haut de ses montagnes est, plat couvert de Marais perpetuels qui etant degelez Nous ont donne assez d'exercice. II y a aussi quelques Campagnes seches et de tres bonnes terres remplies d'un nombre incroiable D'Ours, Cerfs, Chevreuils et Poules d'Indes a qui les Loups font une rude guerre et qui sont si peu f arouches que Nous avons ete plusieurs fois en danger de ne Nous en pouvoir deffendre par des Coups de fusils. Translation is in January, although Lake Erie was so clear eight days later that no ice was apparent at all in the quiet waters or in the open water along the north shore. The entire country between the lake of the Illinois and Lake Erie for the space of 100 or 120 leagues, has only one chain of mountains, whence a number of rivers flow to the west into the lake of the Illinois, to the north into Lake Huron, to the east into Lake Erie, and to the south into the Ohio River. Their sources are so near together on the summits of these mountains that in three days of marching we have passed twenty-two or twenty-three more considerable than the Sorel or the Richelieu. The tops of these mountains are flat and covered with perpetual marshes, which, during periods of thawing weather, have given us considerable trouble. There is also some dry country and very good land overrun with an unbelievable number of bears, deer, roebucks, and wild turkeys, on whom the wolves make relentless war; these last are so bold that we have often been in danger of not being able to defend ourselves with shots from our guns.

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 9 II y a au fond du Lac Erie Dix lieues au dela du detroit une Riviere1 par laquelle on pouroit accoureir beaucoup le chemin des Ilinois etant navigable aux Canots jusqu'a deux lieues proche de celle par ou Ton y va, Mais il y en a encore une autre plus courte et meilleure qui est celle d'Ohio qui est navigable aux barques et par ou Ton eviteroit la difficulte du bassin qui est au bout du Lac des Illinois et celle d'en faire la communication avec la Riviere divine et de la rende navigable jusqu'au fort de Creve coeur. II ne faut pas s'imaginer que ces Campagnes dont on parle dans le Pais des Ilinois soient des terres ou il n'y a qu'a mettre la Chariie Car la plus part sont noyees pour peu qu'il pleuve. Les autres sont trop seches et les meilleures demandent encore du travail po. en oster les Trembles dont elles sont couvertes, Egouter les mollieres qui sont par tout d'Espace en Espace. L'on passe seurement par toutes ces Nations aiant un Callu-met de paix, La plus part de celles ou Nous devons allerent le savent deja et se preparent a Nous bien recevoir. Translation There is a river1 at the end of Lake Erie ten leagues from. Detroit by which one should be able to go up far along the road toward the Illinois, as it is navigable for canoes to within two leagues of the river which leads there; but there is yet another route, the Ohio, which is shorter and better, and is navigable for sailing vessels; by it one may avoid the difficulty of the harbor at the end of the lake of the Illinois and that of getting over into the Divine River, and making it navigable to Fort Crevecoeur. It should not be supposed that these lands of which we speak in the country of the Illinois are lands to which one has only to put the plow, for the greater part are drowned by ever so little rain. Others are too dry, and the best require considerable labor to clear off the aspens which cover them, as well as to drain the marshes which comprise wide areas. The possession of a calumet of peace enables one to pass safely through all of these nations. The greater part of them through whom we had to go already knew of our coming and 1 Probably the Maumee.

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10 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Les Uinois se sont offerts a Nous escorter jusqu'a la Mer dans l'esperance que Nous leur avons donnee qu'il leur viendra par la tout ce qui leur est necessaire et le besoin qu'ont les autres Nations de Couteaux, de haches &. augmente le desir qu'ils ont de Nous avoir. Les petits beuf s sauvages sont aisez a apprivoiser et peuvent etre d'un grand secours aussi bien que les esclaves dont ces gens ont coutume de faire commerce et qu'ils obligent de travailler. II y a la autant de Coquins qu'ailleurs, plus de femmes que d'hommes ny aiant point d'homme qui n'ait plusr.s femmes, quelques uns en ont jusqu'a dix et autant qu'ils peuvent toutes soeurs, afin qu'elles s'accordent mieux comme en effet elles font. J'ay veu trois enfans batisez a qui Ton a confere ce sacrement en fort bonne sante, L'un s'appelle Pierre, L'autre Joseph, et la 3? Marie, fils du f rere de sichagois^ qui sont en grand danger de vivre comme leur Pere qui a trois soeurs pour femmes, y aiant peu d'apparence qu'ils aient d'autre instructions puis que le Pere Translation were prepared to receive us well. The Illinois offered to escort us to the sea from the hope that we have given them that thence will come everything which they need. That other tribes need knives, hatchets, and so forth increases their desire to have us among them. The buffalo calves are easy to tame and can be of great use as well as the slaves in which these people are accustomed to traffic and whom they compel to labor for them. There are as many rogues among them as elsewhere; there are more women among them than men. There is not a man who does not have several wives some having as many as ten and as far as possible all sisters, that they may agree better among themselves, as indeed they do. I have seen three healthy children baptized one was named Pierre, the other Joseph, and the third, Marie the children of the brother of Chicagou. They are in grave danger of growing up to be like their father, who has three sisters as wives. It does not appear that they will have further instruction, since Father

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 11 D'allouez1 qui les a batisez a quitte les Ilinois, a moins que son baton qu'il a laisse bien envelope pour marque que cette terre luy apartient n'ait quelque vertu extraordinaire. Voila les seuls Chre-stiens que je sache qui n'y peuvent etre que in fide Ecclesia. Le Pere D'Allouez s'est retire dans un village Compose partie de Miamis, partie de Mascoutins et D'Ochiatinens qui ont abandonne leur ancien Vilage et le plus grand nombre de leurs parens pour faire alliance avec les Iroquois et faire avec Eux la guerre aux Ilinois. Pour cela ils en envoierent Cinq l'Este passe et une f emme en Ambassade avec une lettre du P. Dallouez. La fin de leur Ambassade etoit d'exciter les Iroquois a s'unir a Eux pour faire la guerre aux Ilinois, II y avoit 24. jours que cette affaire se negocioit lorsque j'arrivay a Tanochioragon Vilage des Sonnontouans," mais comme Ton scut que j'etois a Cannargaro* ou etoit le P. Raffux,4 II vint la nuit suivante une femme de ce Translation d'Allouez,1 who baptized them, has left the Illinois, unless a staff which he has left wrapped up behind to indicate that this country is to be the field of his labor, has any extraordinary virtue. These are the only Christians I know who cannot but be in the faith of the church. Father d'Allouez has retired to a village composed partly of Miami and partly of Mascouten and Wea who have abandoned their old village and most of their kinsmen in order to make an alliance with the Iroquois and along with them carry on war against the Illinois. For that reason they sent five men and a woman last summer as an embassy with a letter from Father d'Allouez. The purpose of their embassy was to urge the Iroquois to join them in making war on the Illinois. This matter had been under negotiation for twenty-four days when I arrived at the Sanchioragon village of the Seneca,2 but as it was known that I was at Kanagaro8 where Father Raffeix* was, a woman who had 'Claude Jean Allouez, S. J.( 1622-1689. 'The Seneca tribe of the Iroquois confederacy. 'Kanagaro, a Seneca town, destroyed during Denonville's expedition of 1687. Handbook of American Indians, 1:649. 'Pierre Raffeix, S. J., 1633 ? -1724. He devoted a number of years to the Cayuga and Seneca missions. R. G. Thwaites, Jesuit Relations, 47:319-320.

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12 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Vilage qui avoit ete autrefois prise aux Miamis, dire a Ces Am-bassadeurs qu'on leur Casseroit la teste et qu'ils eussent a fuir de peur peut etre que moy y etant je ne pusse apprendre la fin de cette Ambassade. II est pourtant vray que Les Iroquois n'avoient pas envie de leur faire du mal Car quoique cette fuite dust les rendre suspecs ils furent bien receus quand on les eust attrapez, mais ils ne voulurent point parler tant que je fus la. Depuis aiant trouve ces memes Ambassadeurs en leur Pals dont l'un parloit Huron J'en scus des choses que je veux croire etre de l'invention de la malice sauvage. Neantmoins des que la nouvelle a ete portee au village ou est le P. D allouez que j'etois arrive aux Ilinois, on a depute le Nomine Monceau, un des Chef s qui a apporte sous terres quatre grandes Chaudieres, douze haches et 20. Couteaux aux Ilinois pour dire que j'etois frere de l'lro-quois, Que je respirois de son haleine, que je mangeois les serpens de son Pais, Qu'ils m'avoiet donne une Seine po. les enveloper Translation once upon a time been captured by the Miami came from this village to tell the ambassadors their heads would be broken, and they had better flee, fearing perhaps that by my being there I might learn the object of this embassy. It is nevertheless true that the Iroquois had no desire to harm them for, although their flight was bound to raise suspicions against them, they were well received after they had been ensnared, but they had no desire to talk so long as I was present. Having since met in their own country these same ambassadors, one of whom spoke Huron, I became aware of things which I wish to believe were the invention of Indian maliciousness. However, when the news that I had arrived in the Illinois had been carried to the village where Father d'Allouez is, a man called Monceau, one of the chiefs, who carried four large copper kettles, a dozen hatchets, and twenty knives secretly to the Illinois, was sent to say that I was a brother to the Iroquois, that I was breathing his breath, that I ate the serpents of his country* that they had given me a net to hem them in from one side while the

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 13 d'un coste pendant que les Iroquois venoient de l'autre, Que j'etois hay de toutes les Robes noires qui m'abandonnoient ne me regardant que comme un Iroquois Que j'avois deja voulu tuer les Mia-mis, que j'en avois pris deux prisonniers et que j'avois de la medecine po. empoisonner tout le monde. II me fust aise de detruire toutes ces farissetez et peu s'en fallust que ce pauvre Monceau n y demeurast po. les gages. Luy aiant ete repondu que c'etoit luy qui avoit le serpent Iroquois sous la Langue, que ces Camarades qui y avoient ete en Ambassade en avoient apporte et n'avoient pu fumer dans le meme Callumet sans respirer les halesnes. Iroquoises. si je ne m'etois oppose Les Ilenois auroient tue ce Monceau. Voici une autre affaire ou je soupconne un piege Et qui est apparemment une suite du desir que Ton avoit que Monseigneur le Comte de f rontenac fist la guerre aux Iroquois quand on a veu qu'il abandonnoit l'llinois. L'ardeur avec laquelle les Iroquois vouloient luy faire la guerre s'est tout aussi tost rallentie, Quoy f Translation Iroquois came from the other, that I was abhorred by all the black-robes, who, regarding me as an Iroquois, had given me up, that I previously had wished to kill the Miami, that I had taken two prisoners, and that I possessed a drug to be used in poisoning them all. It was easy for me to disprove all these lies, and this poor Monceau was almost obliged to stay there as a hostage, he having been told that it was he that had the Iroquois serpent under his tongue, that his comrades who had been sent there as ambassadors had brought some and had not been able to smoke the same calumet without inhaling the breath of the Iroquois. If I had not intervened, the Illinois would have killed this Monceau. Here is another matter wherein I suspect a trap and which is apparently a sequel of the desire which they have that Monseigneur the Comte de Frontenac make war on the Iroquois if it becomes apparent that he has abandoned the Illinois. The vehemence with which the Iroquois wished him to make war is entirely abated although, in fact, there are some who have taken

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14 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS qu'en effet il y en soit alle quelques uns en Guerre C'est ce que Ton cache aux Outaouaes afin qu'ils continuent d'y aller en traite et que les Iroquois les prenant pour des Ilinois ils les tuent afin de brouiller, bien plus on a negocie en sorte que le plus grand nombre des Miamis qui sont nos alliez vinssent s'habituer avec les Ilinois afin que l'lroquois ne peut fraper l'un sans l'autre et que Monseigneur le Comte fust oblige ou d'abandonner ses alliez ou de faire la guerre aux Iroquois pour empescher qu'ils ne la fissent aux Ilinois. Peut-etre est ce un jugement temeraire mais pourtant ce petit nombre de Miamis chez lesquels s'est retire le P. D allouez voiant que les Iroquois ne commencent pas la guerre assez tost contre les Ilinois ont tue cet hiver des Iroquois pour la hater et ont couppe les-doigts a un Sonnontouan qu'ils ont apres renvoie en son Pals por dire que les Miamis se joignent aux Ilinois pour tuer les Iroquois. II peut etre que la connoissance qu'auroit le P. Dallouez de la mauvaise inclination de ces Sauvages et de leur trahison, est ce qui l'oblige a les quitter comme il devoit faire ce printemps. Translation the warpath, a fact which is concealed from the Ottawa in order that they may continue to go to trade, and that the Iroquois, taking them for the Illinois, may kill them in order to embroil them. Moreover, negotiations are being carried on that the greater part of the Miami, who are our allies, will come to live with the Illinois. Thus the Iroquois could not fall upon one without the other; and thus Monseigneur the comte might be compelled either to abandon his allies or make war on the Iroquois in order to prevent them from warring on the Illinois. Perhaps this is rash judgment, but nevertheless the small number of Miami, among whom Father d'Allouez has retired, seeing that the Iroquois did not begin the war soon enough against the Illinois, have killed some of the Iroquois this winter in order to precipitate it, and have cut off the fingers- of a Seneca, whom they then sent back to his own country to say that the Miami joined with the Illinois to kill Iroquois. Perhaps the knowledge which Father d'Allouez must have had of the evil intentions of these savages and of their bad faith is what is obliging him to leave them as he was to do this spring.

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LA SALLE ON ILLINOIS COUNTRY 15 Cependant Je suis seure d'arrester cette guerre principale-ment si Monseigneur le Comte vient cette annee pleurer les morts des Onnontaez, aiant empesche les Ilinois de partir po-r venir chercher les Iroquois et obtenu d'Eux qu'ils me rendroient quel-ques Esclaves qu'ils ont Ce que les Iroquois aiant appris de moy m'en ont paru fort contens. II ne faut pas s'etonner que les Iroquois parlent d'aller en guerre contre Nos alliez puis qu'ils en recoivent tous les ans des insultes. J'ay veu a Missilimakinac aux Pouteatamis, aux Miamis les depouilles et les chevelures de plusrs Iroquois que les Sauvages de ces lieux la ont ont tuez en trahison a la Chasse ce printemps dernier et le precedent, ce qui n'est pas ignore des Iroquois, Nos alliez aiant eu l'imprudence de le chanter en leur presence lorsqu'ils etoient en traite chez eux, comme j'ay veu a Missilimakinac aux Pouteatamis qui dansant avec le Calumet se vantoient de ces trahisons tenant ces chevelures pendiies a leur bras a la veue de trois Agniez qui y etoient en traite. Translation However, I am certain of stopping this war, especially if Monseigneur the comte will come this year to lament for the deaths of the Onondaga, as I have prevented the Illinois from going in search of the Iroquois and obtained of them the return of some slaves that they have; the Iroquois learning this of me appeared perfectly satisfied. It is not to be wondered at that the Iroquois speak of waging war against our allies inasmuch as they receive affronts from them every year. I have seen, among the Potawatomi and Miami at Michillimackinac, the spoils and scalps of numerous Iroquois whom the Indians from this region had treacherously killed while hunting last spring and earlier; which is not unknown to the Iroquois, our allies having the imprudence of celebrating this feat in their presence while they were trading among them, as I have seen Potawatomi at Michillimackinac who, dancing with the calumet, boasted of this treachery, holding up the scalps at arm's length in the sight of three Mohawk who were there to trade.

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16 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Je ne saurois ommettre la rencontre que j'ay faite d'un Sauvage de la Nation des Loups1 et des motifs de la difficulte qu'il avoit a se determiner dans le choix de Notre Religion ou de celle des Anglois par les deux differences qu'il trouve entre les Apostres, quelques Missionnaires de ce Pals et Ministres Anglois, voiant que ces derniers n'imitent point la chastete des Apostres, et les premiers estre fort eloignez de leur detachement par la recherche qu'ils font des richesses Et enfin la consolation qu'il a etie aprenant l'amour que les Peres Recollets ont pour la pauvrete ce qui 1 a Determine a venir chercher le bapteme dans le choix de Notre Religion. II y a aux Ilinois quantite de Perroquets verds plus petits que ceux des Isles et de la grosseur de Ceux d'Afrique. Translation I cannot omit a conversation that I had with an Indian of the Mahican1 tribe as to the causes of his difficulty in choosing between our religion and that of the English on account of the two differences which he found between the apostles, some of the missionaries of this country and the English ministers. He perceived that the latter did not imitate the celibacy of the apostles and the former were far removed from their disinterestedness, judging by their pursuit of riches. Finally, he found consolation in seeing the Recollect fathers' love for poverty which determined him to come to seek baptism in our religion. Many green parrakeets, smaller than those of the islands and large as those of Africa, are to be found in Illinois. 'The Mahican, called Loups by the French, at one time lived along the upper Hudson River, but pressure of the Iroquois, along with other causes, pushed them westward. Handbook of American Indians, 1:786.

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KING TO LA BARRE, MAY 10, 1682 17 The King to La Barre, May 10, 1682 A.N, G, CC3: 31-35 C, extract; printed in part in N.Y.CJ)., 9:167 a Versailles. 10 may 1682. Instruction que le roy veut estre mise en mains du Sr de la Barre1 choisy par Sa Ma tŁ pr gouverneur et son lieutt gnU en la nouvelle france. « II ne faut pas seulement s'apliquer a empescher les violences des iroquois contre les francois, il doit aussy s'apliquer a main-tenir En paix les iroquoio sauvages entre eux et empescher par tous moyens les iroquois de faire la guerre aux islinois et aux Gauvagc peuples leurs voisins, estant tres certain que si ces nations desquelles on tire les pelleteries qui sont le ppal comerce du Canada, se voyent a couvert de la violence des iroquois par la protection qu elles recevront de francois, elles seront d'autant plus excitees a porter leurs mafdises et augmenteront le comerce par ce moyen. ¦ Translation Versailles, May 10, 1682 Instruction which the king wishes to be placed in the hands of the Sieur de la Barre1, chosen by his majesty as his governor and his lieutenant-general in New France. It is necessary not only to apply himself to prevent the attacks of the Iroquois on the French, but also to labor to maintain peace among the savages themselves and to prevent the Iroquois, by all means, from making war on the Illinois and the neighboring peoples; for it is very certain that if these nations from which we draw the peltries, which are the principal articles of commerce of Canada, see themselves protected from the attacks of the Iroquois by the protection which they receive from the French, they will be the more encouraged to bring their goods and will, in this manner, increase the trade. 'Antoine le Febvre de la Barre, governor of New France, 1682-1685.

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18 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Plusieurs pauvres habitans de Canada excites par l'esperance du profit qu'ils trouveroient dans le comerce des pelleteries avec les sauvages, ont entrepris en differens tems des decouvertes vers le pays des Nadoussioux, la riviere de mississipi et autres endroits de l'amerique septentrionale, mais comme sa mat.6 n'estime pas que ces decouvertes soient avantageuses et qu'il vaut bien mieux s'apliquer a la culture de la terre dans les habitaons defrichees, Sa Mate ne veut point qu'il continue a donner ces permissions, mais seulmt qu'il laisse achever celles commencee par ledt Sr de la Salle1 jusques a l'embouchure de lad. riviere de Mississipi, en cas que, par l'Examen qu'il En fera avec l'intendant il estime que cette decouverte puisse estre de quelque utilite. Translation Divers poor inhabitants of Canada, encouraged by the hope of the profit which they would find in the fur trade with the savages, have undertaken, at various times, explorations toward the country of the Sioux, the Mississippi River, and other regions of North America; but as his majesty believes that these explorations are undesirable and that it is better for them to apply themselves to agriculture in the cleared regions, his majesty does not wish him to continue to give these permissions, but only that he permit the completion of those begun by the said Sieur de la Salle1 toward the mouth of the said Mississippi River in the event that, after an investigation which he will make with the intendant, he believes that this discovery may be of some value. 'LaSalle had, by this time, completed the exploration of the Mississippi and was on his way north in the spring of 1682 when illness forced his delay at Fort Prudhomme. When he finally reached Mackinac in September he directed Tonti, who had preceded him, to return to the Illinois to begin construction of Fort St. Louis at Starved Rock. Foregoing his own plan of ??JHg on t0 France> he rejoined Tonti in the Illinois country in December, 1682 Beckwith, /. H. C, 1:146-147; also, Pierre Margry, Decouvertes et Etabltssements des Franfois, 1:612-613

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO D'AUTRAY, 1683 19 Grant of La Salle to D'Autray, April 26, 1683 Chicago Historical Society, Otto L. Schmidt Collection A. D. S. Robert Cavelier Escuyer Sieur de la Salle seigneur et gouver-neur du fort frontenac en la nouvelle france et du fort St louis dans la Louisiane avons donne et Concede donnons et Concedons a jacque bourdon Sieur d autray seigneur de d autray1 En la nouvelle france en reconnaissance ( MS. torn ses services qu il a MS. torn endus tant dans la MS. torn connaise de la louisiane que dans la Construction du fort St louis ou il MS. torn bien servy Cest MS. torn cquitte de son devoir MS. torn et honneur)2 Cent ving six arpents3 de long a Commencer au Ruis-seau* au bord duquel nous avons hyvernee en Remontant le long de la Riviere des Illinois du Cotte du sud avec 1 isle qui est au Translation Robert Cavelier, esquire, Sieur de la Salle, seignior and governor of Fort Frontenac in New France and of Fort St. Louis in Louisiana we have given and granted, do give and grant to Jacques Bourdon, Sieur d'Autray, Seignior de d'Autray1 in New France in recognition ( MS. torn of his service which he has MS. torn performed as well in the MS. torn discovery of Louisiana as in the construction of Fort St. Louis where he MS. torn has served well and has MS. torn done his duty MS. torn and honor)2 126 arpents3 in length commencing at the brook4 beside which we wintered, and ascending the length of the river of the Illinois on the south bank, together with the \Facques Bourdon, Sieur d'Autray, entered La Salle's service as early as 1675, was with him at Fort Crevecoeur in the winter of 1680, and accompanied him down the Mississippi in 1682. In 1683-1684 D'Autray visited France. In 1687 he accompanied Tonti to take part in Denonville's campaign, and the following winter he spent in Montreal. After assisting in the convoy of goods to Fort Frontenac in 1688, he was on his way back to Montreal when he was killed by some Iroquois. Margry, Decouvertes et Łtablissements des Frangais, 1:594; 2:108, 127; Royal Society of Canada, Transactions: 1893, section 1, p. 21; 1898, section 1, pp. 13, 15; 1901, section 1, p. 89. This portion in parenthesis is a marginal note in the original manuscript. The arpent was about 12 rods. The Canadian arpent was approximately .85 acre. 'Probably Clayton Run.

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20 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS milieu de la ditte Riviere des Illinois au dessus du premier ecart de grand Rocher que la Riviere baigne du Cotte du nord environ une lieue en dessus dudit Ruisseau, sur quarante-deux arpents de prof ondeur allant du nordouest au sudest le tout a tittre de fief & seigneurie avec droit de chasse et de pesche sur 1 etendue de la ditte terre et dans la Riviere des Ilinois devant la ditte Concession sans pouvoir neanmoins traverser la ditte Riviere n y y faire aucune pesche a demeure qui peut incommode la navigation mais seullement y tendre des lignes filets & Seinnes & sans pouvoir empescher nous ou nos successeurs, non plus que Ceux qui S etabliront vis a vis de luy de faire semblables pesche ou chasse et a nous telle que bon nous semblera a la charge de f oy hommages que seront rendus par le dit Jacques bourdon Sr dautray ses successeurs et ayant Cause en nottre fort St louis a Rocher Comme les dittes terres en relevant et de payer par chacu'an le jour et faitte St Louis1 la somme d'un denier1 de Cens par chaqu' Translation island which is in the middle of the aforesaid river of the Illinois above the beginning of the great rock which the river bathes on the north side about one league above the aforesaid brook, with forty-two arpents of depth going from the northwest to the southeast, the whole to be under title of fief and seigniory, with rights of hunting and fishing on the extent of the aforesaid land and in the river of the Illinois in front of the aforesaid concession, nevertheless without power to cross the said river or to do any fishing that might hinder its navigation, but only to stretch lines, nets and seines; and further without power of hindering us or our successors, to say nothing of those who shall settle in front of him, to fish or hunt similarly or preventing us from doing as shall seem good to us; to be subject to fealty and homage to be rendered by the aforesaid Jacques Bourdon, Sieur d'Autray, his successors and assigns at our fort of St. Louis on the rock; paying for the aforesaid lands each year on the day of the Feast of St. Louis1 the sum of one denier* of quitrent for each arpent and five August 25. 'A small copper coin. Adam Shortt, Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance durtng the French Period, 1:13 and n.

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO IT AUTRAY, 1683 21 arpent et Cinq Sous de rente seigneurialle pour toute la ditte terre et les droits de quint & requint a Chaque mutation et autres quand le cas y echerra selon la Coutume des fiefs en la visconte prosvotte de Paris qui sera suivi en ce pays Comme aussy seront tenus les habittants et autres a qui le dit Sieur d autray ses heirs successeurs ou ayant Cause donnerent cy apres partie des terres a luy par nous presentement Concedees a tittre du Cens rente ou autrement paye a nous ou nos Successeurs le seizieme denier des rentes Seigneurialles Cens lods et rentes et autre devoirs qu'els qu'ils soient que ledit Sieur dautray ses heirs successeurs ou ayant Cause exigeront d eux a Raison des dittes terres, et seront tenues au guet et guarde de guerres audit Fort Comme les habittants qui en releveront immediatement que s'il se fait une eglise a l'avenir sur letendue des dittes terres pour estre la paroisse des habittants qui y demeuront le patronnage nous en demeurera, pourvu ledit sieur d autray ses heires ou ayant Cause faire battir un moulin Translation sols of seigniorial rent for all the said land; together with rights of fifth and twenty-fifth at each change of ownership and at other times when the occasion shall arise according to the custom of fiefs in the county provostry of Paris, which shall be followed in this country; and similarly shall be bound the inhabitants and the others to whom the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray, his heirs, successors, and assigns shall hereafter grant any part of the lands granted him by us by these presents, whether by title of quitrent, rent, or otherwise, to pay to us and our successors the sixteenth denier of seigniorial rent, quitrent, fines, rents, and other dues whatsoever they may be that the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray, his heirs, successors, or assigns shall exact from them on account of these aforesaid lands; and they shall be held to watch and ward at the aforesaid fort like the inhabitants who are immediately responsible for it. And if he shall build him a church within the bounds of the aforesaid lands to be the parish church of the inhabitants who dwell there, the patronage of it shall remain with us. If the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray, his heirs, or assigns shall cause a mill to be built on the aforesaid land for his use and that of the inhabitants

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22 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS sur la ditte terre pour son usages et des habitants seulement les-quelles pourront aussy moudre aux nottres quand il y en aurra debattit, donnons audit Sieur d autray ses successeurs droit de Colombier de pressoir de maison forte, de basse justice de con-server trois cents arpents en bois de haute futuye au lieu qu'il nous indiquera dans 1 annee auquel Ton ne pouvait toucher sans son Consentement sauf le droict a nous et nos Successeurs ou ayant Cause d y prendre le bois dont nous aurions besoing pour battir les loges et autres battements dudit fort St Louis seulle-ment et non pour autres usages pourront aussi prendre la pierre ardoisses, et terre pour faire brique tuille en pert dont nous avions besoin & que ce trouvera dans les dittes terres pour veu qu il ne soit point necessaire pour les tirer de terre, de gaster celles qui seront ensementees ou plantees de fruitiers ou la hautte futayes ou les prendre dans lenclos de ses battiments ce qu il ne sera oblige de souffrir touttes les causes menes en letendue des dittes terres se plaideront par devant le juge de la seigneurie du fort st Louis, Translation only, they shall also be permitted to grind at ours when we shall establish one. And further we grant to the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray and his successors rights of dovecote, of wine press, of fortifications, and of low justice. We grant him further the right to keep 300 arpents in forest trees of full growth in the place which he shall point out to us within the year, which no one shall take without his consent, saving always the right to us and our successors or assigns of taking thence the wood of which we have need to build the lodges and other buildings of the aforesaid Fort St. Louis only and for no other use; with right also on our part to take stone, slate, and clay for making brick for tile which we need and such as may be found in the aforesaid lands, provided that in taking them from the earth it be not necessary to spoil land that has been seeded or planted with fruit trees or that is in forest timber or to take them within the inclosures of his buildings; these things he shall not be obliged to endure. All cases which arise within the extent of the aforesaid lands shall be heard before the judge of the seigniory at Fort St. Louis. He

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO D'AUTRAY, 1683 23 sera tenu souffrir les Chemins et Sentiers juges necessaires par nous et nos successeurs pour la Commodite publique demesme des egouts et deviations des eaux et que les bestiaux de nous et nos successeurs aillent paistre dans l'etendue des dittes terres tandis qu'elles ne seront point ensemencees a la Reserve de Celles que luy ou Ses habittants reserveront pour faire fauches et Celles qui Seront plantees ou environnes de Cloture de plus non obstant le privilege que sa majeste nous a donne pour le Commerce des peaux de beufs Sauvages ou autre quil nous pouvions pretendre a raison des f rais et depenses que nous avons f aittes pour la ditte decouverte et jusqua la Construction dudit fort St louis nous Consensons pour nous et nos Successeurs que ledit Sieur d autray puisse commercer avec tous les Sauvages qui soient etablis dans les terres dependantes dudit fort a la Charge de les fournir des denrees dont jls auront besoing pour Cela au magasin de la Com-pagnie des Ilinois & dy apporter toutes les peltries de quelque sort qu'elles puisse estre qui luy seront payer en denrees ou en argent au prix qu'on Conviendra tous les deux annes jus qu'a ce Translation shall be bound to permit roads and footpaths judged necessary by us and our successors for public convenience as also all drains and diversions of water; and the cattle of us and our successors may be pastured within the extent of the aforesaid lands that are not sowed, with reservation of those that he or his tenants have reserved for mowing and those which are planted or fenced. And further, notwithstanding the privilege which his majesty has accorded us for trade in buffalo skins or others to which we can lay claim by reason of the charges and expenses that we have made in the said discovery as well as for the construction of the aforesaid Fort St. Louis, we agree for ourselves and our successors that the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray may traffic with all the Indians who are settled upon the lands depending upon the aforesaid fort at the charge of furnishing themselves with provisions of which they have need for that purpose from the store of the company of the Illinois, and of carrying there all peltries of every sort which shall be paid for in provisions or in money at the price to be agreed on

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24 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS qu il vienne des navires de la ditte Compagnie par le fleuve Colbert auquel temps il pourront aller porter leurs denrees au magasin qui sera etably au bas du dit fleuve et y acheter ce qu ils auront besoing et non ailleurs a peinne d echoir de la presente Concession a la charge neanmoins que dans vingt ans la presente obligation de se fournir audit magasin sera finies de plus avons Concede et Concedons audit sieur d autray ses heirs & ayant cause la quantite de vingt pieds de terre en carre dans ledit fort pour y battir une maison a la charge de luy achever auplustost d'y tenir feu et lieu et de nous payer pour Icelle un sous de rente seigneurialle par chaqu'un an et un denier de cens et que lors qu'on battira le bourg ailleurs, nous et nos Successeurs pourront reprendre le ditte terre & maisson battie dessus en rendant audit Sieur d autray et a ses quatre associes savoir nicollas doyen pierre prud'homme andre heno et jean filliatreau1 une pareille quantite de terre & une Translation every two years, until the ships of the said company arrive by the river Colbert. At that time they may carry their provisions to the storehouse which shall be established at the mouth of the said river and buy there what they need and not otherwise, under pain of forfeiting the present grant; nevertheless on the condition that within twenty years the present obligation of supplying himself from the aforesaid storehouse shall end. And further we have conceded and do concede and grant and do give the aforesaid D'Autray, his heirs, and assigns a plot of land twenty feet square within the aforesaid fort to build a house at his charge to be finished as soon as possible, to maintain a hearth and pay us for it one sol of seigniorial rent each year and one denier of quitrent; and whenever the fortress shall be built elsewhere we and our successors shall be at liberty to take back the aforesaid land and the house built upon the land, on giving back to the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray and to his four associates, that is to say Nicolas Doyon, Pierre Prudhomme, Andre Hunault, and Jean Filastreau,1 a 1 Nicolas Doyon, who was baptized at Quebec in 1654 and died in 1715, was an armorer, apparently stationed at Fort Frontenac when La Salle returned there in 1680. plerre Prudhomme, baptized in 1658, set out as armorer for La Salle's expedition of 1681-1682. He was the luckless hunter lost for several days while the party was encamped near the present site of

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO D'AUTRAY, 1683 25 maison dessus (en lestat que sera celle qui seront presentement battir dans ledit MS. torn dans la place ou sera battu ledit bourg aux mesmes Charges que Celle qui leurs est presentement accordee touttes les quelles terres et maison demeuront audit Sieur MS. torn ses successeurs ou ayant Cause en plainne propriete et paissible jouissance sans pouvoir neanmoins les aliener en quel-que facon que ce puisse estre, n y mesme la lou MS. torn avant le terme de cinq annees si Ce nest a d autres qui MS. torn de nottre dit fort en Cas qu il 1 a quitte alienne ou louer a d autres dans ce terme sans nostre Consentement par MS. torn ils seront dechus de la presente Concessions & ne pouv. MS. torn rien Translation similar quantity of land and a house upon it in the same condition as that which they are about to build in the aforesaid MS. torn in the place where the said fortress shall be built, and on the same terms as that which is granted by these presents. And all these lands and the house shall remain to the aforesaid Sieur MS. torn his successors or assigns in full propriety and peaceful enjoyment without the power nevertheless to alienate them in any fashion nor even to MS. torn before the term of five years if there are no others to MS. torn of our aforesaid fort. And in case that he abandons, alienates, and lets them to others within this term without our consent by MS. torn they shall be escheated of the aforesaid concessions and shall be able MS. torn to claim nothing Memphis. When the rest pushed on to the south La Salle left him with a few others in charge of the newly erected Fort Prudhomme. He died in 1703. In a letter to La Barre of June, 1683, La Salle mentions as in the service of Tonti, both Jean Filastreau and Andre Hunault (Hunaus, Henault, or Heno). The latter, baptized at Montreal in 1657, had been stationed at Fort Frontenac in 1677. He accompanied La Salle on his first trip to the Illinois, left with him when he returned to Fort Frontenac in the spring of 1680, was back in the Illinois on the search for Tonti late that same year, and was of the party that explored the Mississippi to its mouth in 1682. Filastreau made the trip down the Mississippi when Tonti was seeking La Salle in 1686. Margry, Decouvertes et fitablissements des Francois, 1:297, 594; 2:105, 109, 127, 322; 3:555; Beckwith, /. H. C, 1:138-139; Francis Parkman, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, 297-298; Cyprien Tanguay, Dictionnaire Genealogique des Families Canadiennes. The latter work, along with census reports in Suite's Histoire des Canadiens-Francais 1608-1880, has been used for biographical data in many cases where no citations are given.

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26 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS pretendre a raisson des travaux qu ils y pourroient avoir fait de plus ne pourront a jamais luy ses successeurs ou ayant Cause vendre, donner, louer, ceder, transporter, ny engager, a quelque tittre qui se puisse estre a gens de main morte la ditte maisson et les dittes terres ou partie dicelles a peine dy d entrer de plein droit par nous ou nos ayant Cause sans Rembourser aucun fait de quoy Tout ce que dessus sommes Convenus Scavoir nous dit sieur de la Salle et dit MS. torn Sieur d autray en presence des temoins soussines de MS. torn Consent le dit Siur D autray que en cas qu 11 quitte la ditte Concession avant trois annees prochainnes ex pirees elle nous reviendra de plaint droit sans que nous soyons tenus de payer les travaux quil aura fait dessus. la jouissance des fruits qi il aura recueillu passant pour les travaux pour la grande facilite qu il lia a cultivier les Campagnes de plus sera tenu le sieur d Autray a f aire le Commerce avec les sauvages audit fort au a lieu on sera battir a lavenir l'habitation au nous qui sera regie sans pouvoir donne a 1 ennuy des autres a meilleur Translation for the work which they have done on them. And further, neither he, his successors, or his assigns shall ever be able to sell, give, let, grant, convey, nor engage, on any title whatsoever of mortmain, the said house or the said lands or any part thereof, under pain of reentry in full right by us or our assigns without any reimbursement whatsoever. And all the above we are in agreement, that is to say, we the aforesaid Sieur de la Salle and the aforesaid MS. torn Sieur d'Autray, in the presence of the witnesses undersigned MS. torn and the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray consents that in case he abandons the aforesaid concession before the end of three years, it shall return to us in full right without our being bound to pay for the work which he shall have done upon it, it being understood that in view of the ease with which he can cultivate the lands, the enjoyment of its produce shall be an offset to his labor. And further, the Sieur d'Autray shall be bound to trade with the Indians in the said fort or at the place at which our habitation shall be built in the future, which trade shall be regulated without prejudice to others selling more cheaply nor with

49 0027

GRANT OF LA SALLE TO D'AUTRAY, 1683 27 marche n y apeller les sauvages chez luy ny aller au devant de Ceux qui Soient habituees pres dudit fort Car ainsy Sommes Convenus au fort St Louis le jour et an que dessus Comme aussi quelles mines, minieres et mineraux qui se pourroient trouver sur les dittes terres ledit Sieur d autray, ses hoirs ou ayant Cause ny pourront rien pretendre a notre prejudice et que nous y aurons le mesme droit que sy elles avoient ettes trouvees sur nos terres ou que celles que je luy aiy presentement Concedees ne luy aparte-noient point Avons a juste cette clause au dit lieu le vingt Sixieme Avril mil six cent quatre vingt trois De la Salle Translation power to summon the Indians to his house nor to go among those who are settled close to the aforesaid fort. And thus we have agreed at Fort St. Louis the day and year expressed above that also as to all mines, ores, and minerals which may be found on the aforesaid lands the aforesaid Sieur d'Autray, his heirs, and assigns can pretend nothing to our prejudice, and that we shall have the same rights as if they had been found on our lands or as if those which I have granted him by these presents did not belong to him at all. We have adjusted this clause in the place aforesaid, April 26, 1683. De la Salle

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28 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Concession of La Salle to Prudhomme, August 11, 1683 Notarial file of J. B. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal A.D.S. 11 Aoust 1683 Concession en Fief par Robt Cavelier Sr de Lasalle a Pierre Prudhomme sur la Riviere des Ilinois Contract de concession de 44 arpents de terre en Jief au Sr Pierre Prud'homme par Mr de LaSalle, Le lie Aoust 1683 Remis en mon estude le 4 Janvier 1717, J. B. Adhemar1 Robert Cavelier Ecuyer Sr De la Salle Seigneur et gouverneur du fort frontenac en la Nouvelle france et du fort St Louis dans la louisiane avons donne et Concede donnons et Concedons par ces presentes a pierre prudhomme en reconnoissance des Services qu'il a rendus tant a la decouverte de la louisiane que dans la Construction dudt fort St louis ou il Nous a accompagne et a bien servi. quarante quatre arpents de terre de front a Commencer a quatre arpents a L'ouest du ruisseau ou ravine qu on trouve le premier a droitte en descendant La riviere des Ilinois depuis la petitte riviere Translation August 11, 1683 Concession in fief by Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, to Pierre Prudhomme on the river of the Illinois. Contract of grant of forty-four arpents of land in fief to Sieur Pierre Prudhomme by Monsieur de la Salle, August 11, 1683. Deposited in my office January 4, 1717, J. B. Adhemar.1 Robert Cavelier, esquire, Sieur de la Salle, seignior and governor of Fort Frontenac in New France and of Fort St. Louis in Louisiana we have given and granted, do give and grant by these presents to Pierre Prudhomme in recognition of the services that he has rendered both in the discovery of Louisiana and in the construction of the said Fort St. Louis, whither he has accompanied us and has served well, forty-four arpents of land in frontage commencing at four arpents to the west of the brook or ravine which one first comes to on the right-hand side in descending the , JfS?:pV^. Adhemar. son of Antoine, served as notary at Montreal from 1714 to 1754. Suite, Melanges Historiques, 1:112-113 and notes.

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO PRUDHOMME, 1683 29 nominee Aramon ou l'ardoisiere Ledt ruisseau ou ravine sortant des Costeaux qui sont au Nord de ladt.e riviere des Ilinois a L ouest d une prairie qui appartient au bord de L'eau en remontant le long du Costeau d'ou sort ladt.e ravine avec la prairie qui se trouvera entre ledt Costeau et la riviere des Ilinois dans et le long de 1 etendue desdtp quarante quatre arpents de terre avec le marais partie d Iceluy qui sera enferme entre ledt Costeau et ladte prairie dans ladte etendue sur quarante quatre arpents de profondeur a Commencer a un demy arpent de L'ecorre de ladte riviere des Ilinois allant du Sudest au Nordouest Le tout a titre de fief et Seigneurie avec droict de chasse et de pesche sur l'etendue de ladte terre et dans la riviere des Ilinois devant et le long de la presente Concession. Sans pouvoir neantmoins traverser ladt.e riviere ny y faire aucune pesche a demeure qui incommoderoit la navigation Mais seulement y tendre des lignes scenes et filets Ne pourra luy ny ses ayans Cause empescher nous ou nos Successeurs d'y faire telle chasse ou pesche qu'il nous plairra non plus que ceux qui Seront Translation river of the Illinois from the little river named Aramon, where the slate quarry is, the said brook or ravine commencing from the hills which are to the north of the said river of the Illinois west of the prairie which extends to the edge of the water, ascending the length of the hills from which the said ravine commences with the prairie which will be found between the said hill and the river of the Illinois in and the length of the extent of the said forty-four arpents of land, with the marsh as a part of it ? , which shall be enclosed between the said hills and the said prairie in the said extent on forty-four arpents of depth, commencing at half an arpent from the back of the said river of the Illinois, going from southeast to northwest; the whole to be under title of fief and seigniory with rights of hunting and fishing on the extent of the said land, and in the river of the Illinois in front of and the length of the present concession; but nevertheless without power to cross the said river or to do any fishing which may hinder the navigation but only to stretch lines, seines, and nets. Nor can he or his assigns prevent us or our successors from doing such hunting or

52 0030

30 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS etablis visavis deux de faire dans ladte riviere pareille pesche ou chasse-----------A la charge de f oy et hommage qui seront rendus par ledt pierre prud homme ses hoirs successeurs ou ayant Cause a perpetuite en nostre fort St louis a Rochefort comme les dtes terres en relevant et de payer par chaqu'un an le jour et feste St louis la So'e d un denier de cens par chaque arpent et cinq sols de rente Seigneurialle pour toutte ladte terre le droit de quint et requint a chap mutation et autres quand le cas y echerra selon la Cutume des fiefs en la prevoste et vicomte de paris qui sera suivie en ce pays. Comme aussy sera tenus ceux a qui led. led Prud-homme ses hoirs ou ayant Cause donneroient cy apres partie des terres a luy presentement Concedees payer a nous ou nos successeurs le Sixieme denier des rentes Seigneurialles Cens lods et rentes et autres droicts ou charges telles quelles puissent estre que ledt prudhomme ou ses ayant Cause exigeront deux a raison desdt terres et seront tenus au guet et garde de guerre audt fort St louis Comme les habitants qui en releveront immediatement que si il se Translation fishing as pleases us any more than he can hinder those who shall be established in front of him from doing similar fishing in the said river or hunting; the grant to be subject to fealty and homage to be rendered by the said Pierre Prudhomme, his heirs, successors, or his assigns to perpetuity in our Fort St. Louis at Rochefort; paying for the aforesaid lands each year on the day of the feast of St. Louis the sum of one denier of quitrent for each arpent, and five sols of seigniorial rent for all the said land; together with the rights of fifth and twenty-fifth at each change of ownership and other times when the occasion shall arise according to the custom of fiefs in the provostry and viscountcy of Paris, which shall be followed in this country. Furthermore, those to whom the said Prudhomme, his heirs, or assigns may grant hereafter a part of the lands granted to him by these presents shall be bound to pay to us or our successors one-sixth denier of seigniorial rents, quitrents, fines, sales, and other rights or charges whatsoever that may be which the said Prudhomme or his assigns shall exact from them by reason of the said lands; and they shall be bound to watch and

53 0031

GRANT OF LA SALLE TO PRUDHOMME, 1683 31 faict a l'avenir une eglise Sur L etendue desdt?s terres pour Servir de paroisse aux habitants le patronage nous en demeurera. pourra ledt prudhomme ou ses ayant droict bastir un moulin Sur ladtP terre pour Son usage et de ses habitants seulement lesquels pour-ront aussy moudre aux nostres quand il y en aurra de bastis. donnons audt prudhomme et ses ayant Cause droict de Colombier de pressoir de maison forte et de basse Justice de Conserver troix cents arpents de terre en bois de haute futaye au lieu qu'il nous indiguera dans L'annee auquel on ne pourra toucher Sans son Consentement sauf le droict a nous et a nos ayant Cause dy prendre le bois dont nous aurrions besoing pour bastir les logis et autres bastiments dud fort St louis seulement et non pour autre usage pourrons aussy prendre la pierre ardoise, et terre pour f aire brique tuille pots ou pour quelque usage que ce soit, dont nous pourrions avoir besoing et qui Se trouveront Sur ou dans les dittes terres pourveu qu il ne soit point necessaire pour les tirer de terre de gaster celles qui Seront actuellement ensemencees ou plantees de Translation ward in time of war at the said Fort St. Louis like the inhabitants who are immediately responsible for it. And if in the future he builds himself a church within the bounds of the said lands to serve as the parish church of the inhabitants, the patronage of it shall remain with us. The said Prudhomme or his assigns may build a mill on the said land for his use and that of his inhabitants only, who shall also be permitted to grind at our mills when one shall be built. We grant to the said Prudhomme and his assigns right of dovecote, of wine press, of fortification, and of low justice. We grant him further the right to keep 300 arpents of land in forest trees on the place which he shall indicate to us within the year which no one shall take without his consent, saving the right to us and our assigns of taking thence the wood of which we have need to build the lodges and other buildings of the said Fort St. Louis only and for no other use. We may also take stones, slate, and earth for making brick, tile, pottery, or for any use whatsoever which we may require which may be found on or in the said lands provided that in taking them from the earth it be not

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32 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS fruitiers ou sa haute futaye ou les prendre dans 1 enclos de ses bastiments ce qu'il ne Sera oblige de souffrir. touttes les causes meues en L Etendue de ladte terre se plaideront par devant le juge qui sera etabli au fort St louis a la reserve de celles qui Seront du ressort de Sa basse Justice. Sera tenu souffrir et faire les chemins et sentiers Juges necessaires par nous ou nos ayant droict pour le Commodite publicque de mesme des Egousts et derivations des eaux et que les bestiaux de de nous et nos successeurs aiUent paistre dans l'etendue des dittes terres tant qu elles ne seront plantees ny ensemencees a la reserve de celles que luy ou ses habitants retien-. dront pour faire faucher ou aurront environne de cloturu De plus nonobstant le privilege que Sa Maieste nous a donne pour le Commerce de peaux de boeuf sauvage ou Cibola ou autre que nous pourrions pretendre a raison des frais et depences faictes pour ladt.e decouverte et Construction du fort St louis nous Consentons pour nous et nos Successeurs que ledt prud homme ses hoirs ou ayant Cause puissent commercer avec touts les Sauvages qui Seront Translation necessary to spoil land that has actually been seeded or planted with fruit trees or that is in forest timber or to take them within the enclosures of his buildings; these things he shall not be obliged to endure. All cases which arise within the extent of the said land shall be heard before the judge who shall be established at Fort St. Louis, reserving those which shall pertain to low justice. He shall be bound to permit and to make the roads and footpaths judged necessary by us or our assigns for public convenience as also all drains and diversions of water; and the cattle of us and our successors may pasture in the extent of the said lands that are not planted or sowed, with reservation of those that he or his tenants may retain for mowing or may surround with hedges. And further, notwithstanding the privilege his majesty has accorded us for trade in buffalo skins or cibola or other trading to which we can claim by reason of the charges and expense incurred for the said discovery and construction of Fort St. Louis, we agree for us and our successors that the said Prudhomme, his heirs, or assigns may trade with all the Indians who may be settled on the

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO PRUDHOMME, 1683 33 etablis sur les terres dependantes dudt fort a la charge de S'y fournir des denrees dont Us aurront besoing pour ledt commerce au magazin de la societe des Ilinois et dy apporter touttes les pelleteries de quelque nature quelles puissent estre qui y Seront payees en argent ou en denrees au prix dont on conviendra touts les deux ans Jusqu a ce qu il vienne des navires de ladte Compagnie par le fleuve Colbert auquel temps il pourra aller porter ses denrees aux magazins de ladt.e Compagnie etablis le long dudt fleuve et y achepter Ce qu il aurra besoing et non ailleurs a peine de dechoir du benefice des presentes a la charge neantmoins que dans vingt ans la presente obligation de se fournir audt magazin sera finie de plus consent que ledt prudhomme et ses successeurs prennent dans La riviere d'Aramon tout le charbon de terre dont il aurra besoing pour son usage seulement pourveu que ce ne soit point aux lieux ou nous en pourrions faire tirer nous ou nos successeurs Item avons Concede et Concedons audt prudhomme et ses ayant droict la quantite de vingt pieds de terre en quarre dans ledt Translation lands depending on the said fort at the charge of furnishing himself with provisions of which he shall have need for the said commerce from the storehouse of the partnership of the Illinois and of carrying there all peltries of whatsoever kind, which shall be paid for in money or in provisions at prices to be agreed on every two years until the ships of the said company arrive by the river Colbert; at that time he may carry his provisions to the warehouses of the said company established the. length of the said river, and buy there what he needs and not otherwise under pain of forfeiting benefits from these presents; nevertheless on the condition that within twenty years the present obligation of supplying himself from the said warehouses shall end. Furthermore, it is agreed that the said Prudhomme and his successors may take on the river Aramon all the coal that they need for their use, only provided it be not from the places from which we or our successors draw our supply. And further we have conceded and do concede to the said Prudhomme and his assigns a plot of land twenty feet square

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34 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS fort ou au pied d'iceluy dans la place qui luy sera marquee pour y bastir une maison a la charge de l'y achever au plustost d'y tenir feu et lieu et de nous payer pour icelle un sol de rente Seigneurialle par chacun an au iour et feste St louis et un denier de cens et autres droicts quand le cas y echerra Selon la Coustume Susditte et que lors que Ton bastira ailleurs L'habitation nous ou nos suc-cesseurs pourrons reprendre ladte terre et maison bastie dessus en rendant audt prudhomme et ses ayans cause une pareille quantite de terre et une maison bastie dessus en l'estat que sera celle qu'ils vont presentement bastir dans ledt fort dans la place ou sera bastie ladte habitation aux mesmes charges que celle qui luy est presentement accordee touttes lesquelles terres et maison demeureront audt prudhomme et ses ayant cause en pleine propriete et paisible Jouissance sans pouvoir neantmoins les aliener en quelque fac,on que ce puisse estre ny mesme les Louer avant le terme de cinq annees Si ce n est a dautres qui relevent du fort et en cas qu'il les quitte aliene ou donne ou loue a dautres dans ce terme Sans nostre Translation within the said fort or at its base in the place which shall be indicated to him on which to build a house on the stipulation of finishing it as soon as possible, of maintaining hearth and tenant in it, and of paying us for it one sol of seigniorial rent each year on the day and festival of St. Louis and a denier of quitrent and other rights when the case shall arise according to the custom aforesaid; and whenever the settlement be built elsewhere, we or our successors may take back the said land and the house built upon it on returning to the said Prudhomme or his assigns a similar quantity of land and a house built upon it in the same condition as of that which they are about to build within the said fort, in the place at which the said settlement shall be built, on the same terms as that which is granted to him by these presents. All these lands and the house shall remain to the said Prudhomme or his assigns in full propriety and peaceful enjoyment without power nevertheless to alienate them in any fashion whatsoever it may be or even to let them before the end of five years if there are no others who depend on the fort; and in case that he abandons, alienates, gives, or lets to

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO PRUDHOMME, 1683 35 consentement par ecrit Us seront D echus de la presente concession et ne pourront rien pretendre a raison des travaux qu ils y pour-roient avoir faict De plus ne pourra a Jamais luy ses Successeurs ou ayant cause vendre donner louer ceder transporter ny engager a quelque tiltre que ce puisse estre a gens de main morte ladt.e maison ou lesdittes terres ou partie d'Icelles a peine dy rentrer de plein droict par nous ou nos ayant cause sans rembourser aucuns frais faicts pour icelles de quoy et tout ce que dessus sommes convenus en presence des temoins Item sera tenu ledt prudhomme et ses ayant cause de faire le Commerce avec les sauvages audit fort ou bien au lieu ou sera bastie a l'avenir L'habitation au prix qui sera regie sans pouvoir donner a L'enuy des autres a meilleur marche ny appeler les sauvages chez luy ny aller au devant de ceux qui seront habitues prez dudt fort. Comme aussy. Sommes Convenus que Des mines minieres et mineraux qui se pourront trouver sur et dans lesdittes terres ledt prudhomme ou ses ayant Cause n y pourront rien pretendre a Nostre preiudice Sans qu ils y puissent Translation others the lands in question within this term without our consent in writing, they shall be escheated of the present concession, and they may claim nothing for the work which they have done on them. And further, neither he nor his successors nor assigns shall ever be able to sell, give, let, grant, convey, or engage on any title whatsoever of mortmain, the said house or the said lands or any part thereof under pain of reentry in full right by us or our assigns without reimbursement of any expenses undergone for them. Concerning which and concerning everything above said we are agreed in presence of witnesses. Further, the said Prudhomme and his assigns shall be bound to trade with the Indians at the said fort or at the place at which our habitation shall be built in the future which trade shall be regulated without prejudice to others selling more cheaply, nor with power to summon the Indians to his house nor to go among those who are settled close to the said fort. Furthermore, we are agreed that respecting mines, ores, and minerals which may be found on and in the said lands, the said Prudhomme or his assigns can pretend nothing to our prejudice without

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36 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS pretendre aucun droict qui nous demeurera tel que si les dittes terres nous appartenoient faict au fort St louis le Onzieme Jour d aoust mil six cents quatre vingt troix R Cavelier De la Salle La Salle to the People of Fort St. Louis,1 September 1, 1683 C. H. S. A. L. S. A Chicagou2 . . . . le ler 7bre 1683 Messieurs, Je vous aurrois ecrit a touts separement Si J avais eu du papier pour le faire affin de vous remercier de la f ermete qui vous Montrez en ce rencontre Vous me conoisses asses pour vous persuader que j en seray reconoissant ie vous promets qu apres que J aurray dissipe comme j espere ce petit orage vous en receveres des Marques Effectives Je vous donneray pendant deux ans les marchandises a la moitie du prix que ie les aiy promises et vous fairay touts les avantages que ie pourray pour cette annee je m'en Translation being able to pretend to any right which shall remain to us, just as if the said lands belonged to us. Done at Fort St. Louis, August 11, 1683. R. Cavelier De la Salle Chicago,2 September 1, 1683 Messieurs, I would have written separately to each of you if I had had enough paper to do it to thank you for the firmness which you show in this situation. You know me well enough to be assured that I shall be grateful for it, and I assure you that after I have, as I hope, averted this little storm you will receive practical proofs of it. I will give you for two years goods at one-half the price that I formerly promised them to you and will give you all the advantages that I can. For this vear I shall hold to what I promised you Tort St. Louis at Starved Rock. *La Salle had a small post at the Chicago portage and stopped there in the summer of 1683 while on his way to France Margry, Decouvertes et Gtablissements des Francois, 2:3\7; Illinois State Historical Society, Transactions, 1930, pp. 193-197; C. W. Alvord, Illinois Country, 89, 101 and n.

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INSTRUCTIONS OF LA SALLE, 1683 37 tiendray a ce que je vous avais promis estant oblige de les achepter bien cher mais les marchandises vous n en manqueres certaine-ment pas rolland1 m attend a Missilimakinak avec une bonne car-gaison J emmene la f ontaine la Violette le Sr dautray et les deux chaoenons que je renvoyeray de la pour vous en apporter Je mettray pour cela le tout pour le tout et quand je devrois achepter un conge de vous en envoyeray le printemps en attendant mon retour de France d ou vous deves vous aprometter notre parfait etablissement que rien ne vous etonne et ne vous presnes point d'achepter vous avez traville sour les ordres de Roy, vous vous estes etablis de bonne f oy sans avoir contrevenus en rien a ses volontes Cest la plus grand et le plus juste prince du monde de que vous n'aves lieu d attendre que des recompences deues au courage que vous' aves fait paraitre dans la decouverte et a l'etablissement Translation as I am obliged to buy goods at a high price, but assuredly you shall not lack them. Rolland1 is waiting for me at Michillimackinac with a good cargo, and I am taking with me La Fontaine, La Violette, the Sieur d'Autray, and the two Shawnee, and I shall send them back thence to carry you the goods. For that I shall run all hazards, and for the time if I must ask your forbearance, will send the goods in the spring. While awaiting my return from France whence you may confidently expect our complete establishment let nothing alarm you and take nothing for granted. You have worked under the king's orders; you have established yourselves in good faith without having gone contrary to his wishes in anything. He is the greatest and the most just prince in the world, and from him you need expect nothing but the recompense due to the courage which you have showed in the discovery and the establishment of this post. He will bear in mind the obedience you have 1 This may be Francois Lenoir, called Rolland, who was a merchant at Lachine. Described as a hardy voyageur, he was sent by Denonville to the western posts late in 1685 to bear messages regarding the projected campaign against the Seneca. Francois Plet, who was one of La Salle's principal creditors, named him his agent in Canada. Likewise, when La Barre took over Fort Frontenac, La Salle's creditors, who did not wish to lose everything, named Lenoir their representative on Lake Ontario. Royal Society of Canada, Transactions: 1898, section 1, pp. 10-11; 1899, section 1, p. 96; 1901, section 1, p. 94.

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38 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS de ce poste. il aura egard qu 1 obeissance que vous aves rendu a ses ordre dans le temps que le Canada y desobeissoit et quand je luy aurray render Compte des raisons que Jay eues de m'etablir ou je suis il verra bien que je n ay pu en cela faite du tort en Canada puisque touts les sauvages avoient abandonne longtemps auparauvant et q ceux mesmes qui'y demeurent n y ont jamais este entraitte TravaiUes doneques seurement puisque le gain de nostre cause et de la mienne depend de nostre etablissement Soyez MS. torn toutes de grands deserts et si il reste queque chose a faire au fort travaiUes y comme a une chose MS. illegible vos veritables Interests. Je scay de bonne part que toute ce s'en ira en fumee mais quand tout reussieroi icy a mes en nemis Ce que ie ne crains pas Je reviendray par mer ce printemps et des L automme vous aures des marchan dises et vos besoings et peu-testre de quoy boire a ma sante ayant appris que Rolland me garde un barrel d'au devie vous jugcrcs deves juger par ce que Je farray cet automme de ce que arrivera en printemps ainzy travaiUes a de grands deserts d ou depend notre seurete et vous serveront de garand J apprens que les corbeaux ny les etourneaux m ont faut Translation paid to his orders when Canada disobeyed him; and when I have detailed to him the reasons that led me to settle where I am, he will see clearly that in all that, I can have done no wrong to Canada, since all the Indians had long since abandoned it, and since those who dwell there have never been in trade with it. Work, therefore, in security since your profit and mine depend on our settlement. Be MS. torn of the great wilderness and if there remains something to be done to the fort, work at it as at a thing MS. illegible to your true interests. I surely know that everything will disappear in smoke unless everything succeeds with my enemies, which I do not fear. I shall return by sea next spring, and in the autumn you shall have goods according to your needs, and perhaps something to drink to my health, since I have learned that Rolland is keeping a barrel of brandy for me. You may judge by what I do this autumn of what will happen in the spring; therefore, work in the great wilderness on what our safety depends, and it will be your guaranty. I learn that the crows and starlings

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INSTRUCTIONS OF LA SALLE, 1683 39 aucun dommage aux bleds des pepikokia1 que ont seme dans les campagnes. Cela Justine bien la pensee que J avais arria MS. illegible qui y a passe me la dit Vives je vous prie en union ensemble et ayes pour Monsr Tonty2 la reconnaissance que merite la generosite avec lesquelle il prend mes Interests et les vostres. J espere qu il ne sera pas necessaire d effectue les offres qu il nous Translation have done no harm to the wheat of the Pepikokia1 which has been sowed in the fields. This justifies the thought which I had MS. illegible Live, I beg you, in harmony and cherish for Monsieur Tonti2 the gratitude demanded by the generosity with which he serves my interests and yours. I hope it will not be necessary to claim the promises which he has made us, and you are under the 'This was an Algonquian tribe which disappeared from history in the eighteenth century. They were closely related to the Wea and Piankashaw and are variously located as in Wisconsin, on the Kalamazoo, and on the Wabash River. Handbook of American Indians, 2:228-229. 1 Henri de Tonti met La Salle in France in 1677, enlisted in his services as lieutenant, and came with him to the Illinois country two years later. Together they built Fort Crevecoeur, where Tonti remained only to be plundered and deserted, after La Salle returned" to Fort Frontenac in 1680. The next year the two rejoined at Mackinac; in 1682 Tonti accompanied the expedition down the Mississippi; and the winter of 1682-1683 he was back in the Illinois building a new fort, Fort St. Louis at Starved Rock, about which Indians were gathered to serve as a nucleus in La Salle's commercial enterprise. In 1683 Tonti, again left in charge of the fort, was forced to surrender his place to La Barre's appointee, Chevalier de Baugy, but after La Salle's successful visit to the French court in 1684, Tonti was able to return as captain and governor of the fort on the Illinois. In 1685 and 1686 he was seeking news of La Salle, or La Salle himself, from Mackinac to the Gulf of Mexico. In 1686 and 1687 he was gathering friendly Indians preparatory to joining Du Luth and La Durantaye on their way to aid Denonville in his Seneca campaign. This service won from the governor commendation for his zeal, and later, a recommendation of reward. (See post, 190.) Late in 1688 Tonti set off in an effort to rescue La Salle's party on the gulf, but supplies and guides failed him before he reached his destination. Meanwhile, he and La Forest were partners in the commercial project La Salle had envisioned. Having received the concession of La Salle's former grant (post, 228), they had moved their fort to the village of Pimitoui or Peoria, where a larger stronghold, erected in 1691-1692, became the center of trade spreading in all directions. In 1700 Tonti was able to carry this trade to the far south. He arrived that year at Biloxi with five canoes to establish trade with the recently erected French fort He was ordered to join Iberville at Mobile in 1704, and he died of yellow fever in the south the same year. Jesuit Relations, 63:304-30S; Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 268; New York Colonial Documents, 9:264, 283, 300-301, 323, 329, 337, 343, 351, 434, 700; J. C. Parish, The Man with the Iron Hand, passim; Alvord, Illinois Country, 128.

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40 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS f aict mais vous luy en aves toutte 1 obligation aussy bien que moy vous reussires si vous estes bien unis et serioux suives ses conseils et ses ordres vou9 voyes si j'avois raison de presser 1 acheuement du fort tous vos travaux seroient perdus si l'establissement n'estoit pas faict et ie preuviois bien ce qui est arrive quand je sous exhortes a.........II rests encores une chose qui nous est. de grand consequence a quoy je nous prie de vous appliquer c est d amasser le plus de peaux de boeuf que vous pourres Mr bois rondel1 les prendra pour deux Castors les grandes, et les petittes pour un tues en et en faites tuer aux Sauvages quelque droict que vous ayes parler touiours avec grand respect de Monsieur le gouverneur et soyes fort ponctual a obeir a ses ordres quand mesme il vous commanderoit de descendre quittes tous pour vous rendre la bas mais auparavant faictes un memoire de L estat ou Translation full obligation to him as well as I myself. You will succeed if you are united and serious. Follow his advice and his orders; you see if I was right in urging the completion of the fort for all your labors would be lost if it were not established, and I foresaw what has happened when I exhorted you to MS. torn There remains yet one thing which is of great consequence to us and to which I beg you to apply yourself; that is to get together as many buffalo skins as you can. Monsieur Boisrondel1 will take them at the rate of two beaver skins for a large one and one for a small one; kill them and encourage the Indians to kill them. Whatever you write, speak always with great respect of Monsieur the governor and be very punctual in obeying his orders. Even if he should command you to return, leave everything in order to place yourself below; but first make a memorandum of the situation in 1Frangois de Boisrondel (though the name is frequently transcribed Boisrondet," he signed it to various notarials "Boisrondel"), with La Salle and Tonti at Fort Crevecoeur in 1680, was one of those who remained loyal when the fort was plundered and deserted. He accompanied the expedition to the mouth of the Mississippi in 1682, being one of the signers of the proces verbal by which the French took formal possession of Louisiana. For the next few years he seems to have been stationed at Fort St Louis in the Illinois he was there as commissary in 1687 when the men who could have told him La Salle's fate, arrived from the gulf. Parkman, La Salle and the Discovery ofthe Great West, 218, 457; Beckwith, /. H. C, 1:113; Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 41.

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INSTRUCTIONS OF LA SALLE, 1683 41 vous laisseres les choses et le presentes a signer a celuy qui vous apporteroit ses ordres et puis a Monsr Tonty et a touts vos confreres il ne faut pas faire un memoire pour touts en commun parceque cela sent la Cabale mais un pour chacun en particulier et ne les presenter pas touts ensemble mais 1 un apres 4'autre enfin ne fautes rien qui ressente le Complot et la faction vous gagneres en obeissant et vous perdrez en murmurant ie vous recommande aussy la respect pr Mr le chevallier de baugy1 et pour moy la Continuation de nostre amitie comme ie n oublieray Jamais de vos bons services ny laffection avec laquelle Je suis Messieurs Vostre tres humble et tres affectionnaux serviteur De la Salle Addressed: A Messieurs Laurriet et Brossard et touts les autres Habitants devants du fort St lous Dans la louisianne au Fort St. Louis Translation which you leave things and present it to be signed by the person who brings you your orders and then by Monsieur Tonti and by all your fellows. It will not be necessary to make a memorandum for all together that looks like a conspiracy, but make one for each person separately and do not present them all together but one after the other. Finally, do nothing which looks like plot or party. You will gain by obeying and lose by murmuring. I further recommend to you respect for Monsieur de Chevalier de Baugy1 and bespeak for myself the words of our friendship, since I shall never forget your good services in all affection with which I am Messieurs Your very humble and very affectionate servant, De la Salle Addressed: To Messieurs Laurriet and Brossard and all the other inhabitants near Fort St. Louis in Lousiana. Fort St. Louis 1 Chevalier de Baugy, a lieutenant in the guard, was sent by La Barre in 1683 to take possession of La Salle's concession and was in command of Fort St Louis when it was attacked by the Iroquois.

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42 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Concession of La Salle to Disy, December 2, 1683 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 2? decembre 1683 Contract de Concession donne par monsr de la Salle a michel disy.1 Robert Cavelier Ecuyer Sieur de la Salle Gouverneur pour le Roy du fort frontenac en la nouvelle franee et Seigneur et gouverneur du fort St louis dans la louysiane. Sa maieste nous ayant ordonne par ses patentes* du 23? may 1675 de donner des concessions d'habitation aux francois et sau-vages qui voudroient s'etablir sur les terres dependantes du fort frontenac et nous ayant ordonne par icelles de permettre aux dits Translation December 2, 1683 Contract of a concession given by M. de la Salle to Michel Disy.1 Robert Cavelier, esquire, Sieur de la Salle, governor for the king of Fort Frontenac in New France and seignior and governor of Fort St. Louis in Louisiana. His majesty having commanded us by his letters patent2 of May 23, 1675, to grant concessions for habitations to the French and Indians who might wish to establish themselves on the lands dependent on Fort Frontenac, and similarly having commanded us to permit the aforesaid inhabitants to trade with the Indians who 'Michel Disy (or Dizy), born probably in 1661, judge at Champlain, was married on February 6, 1690 to Marie-Jeanne Beaudoin, a niece by marriage of Nicolas Perrot, Suite thinks. Tanguay calls him Marie-Ignace and Ignace-Michel. A grant identical to the one printed here, made to his hrother Charles, is in the Chicago Historical Society manuscripts. Suite, Melanges Historiques, 1:60. "The letters patent of 1675 granted him full hunting and fishing rights in the region about Fort Frontenac. He was to erect settlements in, the region and grant lands to settlers, as well as to encourage the Indians to form colonies thereon and to grant them lands which they might clear. His judges were to administer justice, and appeals from their decisions were to lie in the lieutenant-general of Quebec. The fort was to be maintained in a defensible condition, and the garrison was to be as large as that of Montreal. Until such time as the church was built, which had to be done in six years, a priest was to be maintained. La Salle was also to maintain twenty men for a period of two years for the sole purpose of clearing the land. The entire expense of the project was to be borne by La Salle. The grant said nothing of exclusive trading privileges. New York Colonial Documents, 9:123-125; Margry, DScouvertes et Etablissements des Franqais, 1:278-280, 281-286; Beckwith, /. H. C, 1 -.126-127. The accepted date is May 13, instead of May 23, as given above.

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GRANT OF LA SALLE TO DISY, 1683 43 habitants de traitter avec les Sauvages qui seroient etablis sur les terres voysines du lac frontenac et en suitte Sa dtp Maieste nous ayant accorde la propriete des forts que nous faisions bastir pour L' execution de la decouverte que nous avons faicte des fleuves MS. illegible et St louys Jusqu' a leur emboucheure dans le golphe mexique aux mesmes conditions que de celuy de frontenac estant par suitte obliges de faire part aux francois et sauvages tant des terres que du commerce dud? pays Jusqua ce quil plaise a Sa maieste en ordonner autrement apres avoir fait venir pres dudt fort St louis dive'rs villages de sauvages qui ont quitte le commerce quils avoient avec les espagnols pour se venir etablir avec les fran-cois dont ils n'auroient aucune conoissance avons accorde a plusieurs habitants francois des concessions de terres dependantes dudt fort St louys avec liberte de trasfiquer avec les dits Sauvages Et autres qui seront etablis sur les terres qui nous ont este ac-cordees par Sa maieste avons Concede et concedons a michel disy la quantite de deux cents arpents de terres Scavoir dix arpents de front sur trente trois arpents et un tiers de profondeur pour en Translation might be established on lands near Fort Frontenac, and furthermore his said majesty having granted us the propriety in forts that we should build in the execution of the discovery that we have made of the rivers MS. illegible and St. Louis as far as their outlet into the Gulf of Mexico on the same conditions as the grant of Frontenac; and being as a result obligated to divide with the French and Indians both the lands and the commerce of the said country until it may please his majesty to command otherwise; and after having caused to come to the neighborhood of the said Fort St. Louis various villages of Indians who have abandoned the commerce which they formerly had with the Spaniards in order to come and establish themselves among the French with whom they had had no acquaintance: we have accorded to several French inhabitants concessions of lands dependent on the Fort St. Louis with freedom to trade with the said Indians and with others who might be established on the lands which have been granted us by his majesty. We, therefore, have granted and do grant to Michel Disy the quantity of 200 arpents of land, that is to say, ten arpents

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44 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS iouir a perpetuite par luy et ses ayant cause en pleine propriete aux bornes charges et conditions qui seront plus amplement portees par le contract qui leur en sera delivre par le notaire de la ditte Seigneurie faict a la riviere des miamy le lere decembre 1682 Cavelier De la Salle a Cause qui sont les premiers qui ont demande des abistations jay Reduit le Sens et Rante a un denier par an De laSalle Aujourdhuy est Comparu devant Le nore Roial Soubne residant a Champlain led michel disis dud Champlain, Lequel ma requis de Garde Loriginal des pnts en mes minuttes & en deslivres des expeditions Aquy II appra aluy octroyee En mon estude Lan mil six Cens quatre vingts trois Le deusiesme decembre apres midy Led Disis soubne avec led nore. Michel Disy . , Adhemak1 no. Translation of frontage on thirty-three and one-third arpents of depth to be enjoyed in perpetuity by him and his assigns in full propriety with the limits, charges, and conditions which shall be more fully expressed by the contract which shall be delivered them by the notary of the said seigniory. Done at the river of the Miami December 1, 1682. Cavelier de la Salle Since these are the first who have requested habitations, I have reduced the cense and rent to one denier a year. De la Salle Today there appeared before the royal notary the undersigned, residing at Champlain, the said Michel Disy, of the said Champlain, who has requested me to keep the original of these presents in my minutes and to deliver exemplifications of them to whomever he shall desire. Accorded him in my office, December 2, 1683, in the afternoon. The aforesaid Disy has signed below with the said notary. Michel Disy Adhemak,* notary Antoine Adhemar, Sieur de St. Martin, 1639 or 1640-April 5, 1714, royal notary. His repertoire, deposited at Montreal at his death, includes

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AGREEMENT OF TONTI, JANUARY 21,1684 45 Agreement of Tonti, January 21, 16841 C. H. S. A. D. S.I Je suis convenue avec les abitans du fort St Louis que je leurs donnera a la f on de la traite la somme de trois cens Liveres tournois a chacun moiyent quoy il me sede quarter sens Livres de marchandize quil devoit recevoir cet anne 1684 qai dcvoit Fcccvoir de Mr De la Salle par de bons services quil ont rendre faict au fort St Louis dans la Lousiane le 21me Janvier 1684 HENRY TONTY Translation I have agreed with the inhabitants of Fort St. Louis that I will give them at the end of the trading season the sum of 300 livres tournois to each of them providing that each one grants me 400 livres in merchandise which he should receive in this year of 1684 which be should receive from Monsieur de la Salle for the good service they have done. Done at Fort St. Louis in Louisiana, January 21, 1684. Henri Tonti 1 Copies of this document, of La Salle's farewell letter to the inhabitants of the Illinois, and of D'Autray's grant are in the files of Antoine Adhemar at Montreal. Probably the legal point of interest in La Salle's letter was his promise concerning trade, taken in connection with Tonti's subsequent agreement records dating from 1668, drawn up at various places, as St Anne de la Parade, Batiscan, Champlain, and Chambly, all in the district of Three Rivers, his residence for part of this time probably being Champlain. After 1689 his records pertain exclusively to Montreal. In November, 1670 his name appears as notary attached to a proces-verbal at Sorel. On November 3, 1673 he was named bailiff at Cap de la Madeleine, the resident notary there being Jean Cusson (see post, 201 n.). From 1674 to 1677 he drew up a number of documents for residents of the River of Manereuille. After the death of his first wife, in 1683, he may have moved to Cap de la Madeleine. At least on August 20, 1684, Nicolas Perrot addressed a business letter to him there as royal notary and one of his creditors; moreover he was married there to a daughter of Jean Cusson on January 20, 1687. Soon after this second marriage he became identified with Montreal, for the judicial records from May 9, 1687 on, show him there in the capacity of notary and clerk of the seigniorial court. In the latter position he was commended for the good manner in which he kept the records, and for making them accessible to persons interested in consulting them. Suite, Milanges Histonques, 1:104-

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46 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Aujourdhuy dix septieme Aoust gbc apres Midy pardnt Le nore greffr Tabellion de L isle de montreal residant a Ville Marie et les Tesmoins En fin nommes Est Comparu Jacques Bourdon, Escuyer, Seigr de d'Autray Lequel m'a requis de vouloir Garder dans mon Estude la minute du MS. illegible et de deslivrer des copies a quy II appra dont original a Lui octroye En prence de Jean Quesneville Greffr de cette MS. illegible et Ignace Baillar-geon des MS. illegible de pnt En ce Lieu Sousignes avec Luy Sr d'autray et Nore suivant L ord . J Bourdon dautray Quesnenville Ignace Baillargeon Translation Today, August 27, 1687, in the afternoon, before the notary, clerk, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses named below, appeared Jacques Bourdon, esquire, Seignior de d'Autray, who has asked me to keep in my study the minute of MS. illegible and to deliver copies to whomsoever he shall request according to the original; accorded to him in presence of Jean Quenneville, clerk of that MS. illegible and Ignace Baillargeon MS. illegible at present in this place, undersigned with him, the Sieur d'Autray, and the notary, according to the ordinance. J. Bourdon d'Autray Quenneville Ignace Baillargeon

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KING TO LA BARRE, APRIL 10, 1684 47 The King to La Barre, April 10, 1684 A. N., C, Bll I2V-101 C, extract a Versailles le 10? avril 1684 Je ne vous ay rien si f ortement recommande par les Instruons qui vous ont este donnees que d'executer precisement l'ordre estably par mon ordonnance du 3? may 1681. pour l'expedition des passeports aux particuliers ausquels je veux que vous donniez permission d'envoyer des canots pour faire la traicte avec les Sauvages, Vous estes mesmes Informe que j'ay regarde cet ordre comme le seul moyen d'empescher les coureurs de bois par l'asseu-rance que chaque habitant auroit de profiter a son tour de l'advan-tage de cette traicte, Cependant je vois par vos Lettres que vous avez entierement renverse cet ordre, que le nomme Du Luth1 et cher de Baugy ont permission de traicter pendant Une annee entiere avec Un grand nombre de Canots qui les suivent, que ces permissions ont este seulement signees par Vos et non Visees par Translation Versailles, April 10, 1684 I have recommended nothing to you so strongly in the instructions which I have given to you as carrying out punctiliously the orders contained in my ordinance of May 3, 1681, for granting passports to those to whom I wish you to give permission to send canoes to trade with the Indians. You are also informed that I have considered this order as the only means of stopping the coureurs de bois with the assurance that each inhabitant should profit in his turn from the advantage of this trade. Yet I see by your letters that you have entirely subverted this order, that the person named Du Luth1 and the Chevalier de Baugy have permission to trade for a whole year with a large number of canoes which are accompanying them, that these permissions have been signed 1 Page numbers that include "v" indicate that the document appears on the back of the given page. Daniel Greysolon du Luth, 1636-February 25, 1710. For items in his career see Dictionary of American Biography; Jesuit Relations, 62:274.

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48 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ledt Sr de Meules,1 Et qu'en Un mot Vo? avez fait a cet esgard tout le contraire de tout ce qui vous avoit este ordonne, surquoy je dois vous dire que plus Vo§ estes dans un pais esloigne, et plus Vous debvez executer ce que je vous ordonne, que ce que vous avez fait a cet esgard est le veritable moyen d'augmenter le nombre des deserteurs et qu'ainsy je veux que vous teniez a l'observation ponctuelle de madt ordonnance, la conduite que vous avez tenue donnant lieu de croire a la pluspart des gens du pais que Vous avez Interest au commerce que font ces particuliers, et quoy que je sois persuade du contraire, il faut que vous en detourniez jus-ques au soupcpn. Je conviens avec vous que rien n'est plus Important que d'empescher la desertion des frang.ois qui passent a Orange, Ma-natte et autres lieux appartenans aux Anglois et holandois, et qu'il est mesme tres Important d'en faire une prompte et severe justice. C'est pourquoy vous trouverez cy joint l'ordonnance que j'ay fait Translation only by yourself and not countersigned by the said Sieur de Meulles,1 and that in a word, you have in all this done just the opposite to all that you have been ordered. Furthermore, I must tell you that the more remote the country in which you are, the more you ought to execute my commands. What you have done in this instance is veritably the means of increasing the number of deserters; therefore, I desire that you observe my said ordinance punctiliously. The course which you have pursued gives rise to the belief on the greater part of the people of the country that you have an interest in the trade carried on by these individuals; and, though I am persuaded to the contrary, it is necessary that you avoid even the suspicion. I agree with you that nothing is more important than the prevention of desertion among the French who go over to Fort Orange, Manhattan, and other places belonging to the English and Dutch; and that in this matter it is very important to deal out prompt and sharp justice. Therefore you will find hereto 'Chevalier Jacques de Meulles, intendant 1682-1686. For biographical note see Shortt, Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance during the French Period, 1 :SS n.

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KING TO LA BARRE, APRIL 10,1684 49 expedier pqrtant qu'ils seront jugez par le conseil de guerre que vous assemblerez, et ou il sera necessaire que l'lntendant assiste, et qu'il y ayt au moins sept Juges, ainsy qu'il est plus amplement explique par ladt ordonnance. J'ay este Inf orme que Vous Vous estes mis en possession du fort de frontenac qui appartient en propre au Sr De la salle, que Vous avez chasse les hommes qui y estoient sous son commande-ment, que les terres qui en dependent sont demeurees Incultes, la meilleure partie des bestiaux estant morts, et que mesme Vous avez permis aux Iroquois de se saisir de Luy comme d'un Ennemy de la colonie; Et quoy que je n'aye point donne de creance a tous ces advis, Vous ayant este recommande par toutes les Instructions que Vous ont este.donnees de vous appliquer a maintenir mes sujets dud. pais dans la libre possession des terres qui leur ont este concedees, Je ne laisseray pas de vous dire que s'il y avoit en cela quelque chose de veritable, mon Intention est que Vous Vous appliquiez a reparer le tort que vous auriez fait aud. De-lasalle, et pour cet effect que Vous fassiez remettre tous les effects Translation attached the ordinance which I have had dispatched, instructing that they shall be tried by a court-martial which you will assemble, at which it will be necessary for the intendant to assist, and which should include at least seven judges, as is more fully explained in the said ordinance. I have been informed that you have taken possession of Fort Frontenac, which belongs to the Sieur de la Salle, that you have driven away the men who were there under his command, that the lands which surround it remain uncultivated, that most of the cattle have died, and that you have even given permission to the Iroquois to seize him as an enemy of the colony. Although I have given no credit to all these reports, inasmuch as you were directed by all the instructions given you to apply yourself to maintaining my subjects in the said country in the free possession of the lands granted them, I will not omit to tell you that if there be any truth in this report, my intention is that you apply yourself to repair the wrong done to the said De la Salle, and to this end you return

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50 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS qui luy appartiennent au Sr De la Forest1 qui repasse par mes ordres aud. pais Ensemble les hommes engagez aud. delasalle, voulant qu'au Surplus Vous luy donniez, et audt de la Forest tous les secours et la protection dont ils auront besoin, estant certain qu'il n'a point abandonne ce fort la ainsy que Vous me l'avez marque par vos Lettres. J'escris a mon ambassadeur en angleterre de demander au Due d'York des ordres au gouverneur de la neuve York pour empescher la desertion des franqois qui s'y retirent, et pour le porter a faire Vivre les anglois en bonne Intelligence avec mes sujects. Translation all that belongs to him to the Sieur de la Forest,1 who is returning by my orders to the said country with the men engaged by the said De la Salle. I wish, moreover, that you give him and the said De la Forest all the help and protection that they need, as I am sure that he has not abandoned that fort, as you have informed me in your letters. I am writing to my ambassador in England to request the Duke of York to instruct the governor of New York to prevent the desertion of Frenchmen who flee thence, and so to conduct himself as to cause the English to live in comity with my subjects. ¦ > 1 Francois Daupin de la Forest came to Canada in 1679 as lieutenant of La Salle. He served as major of Fort Frontenac from 1680 until 1683, when La Barre took over La Salle's possessions. Having made a trip to France, La Forest returned in 1684 with orders for restoration to him of the property at Fort Frontenac. Soon thereafter he formed with Tonti a company capitalized at 20,000 livres for trade in the west. In 1684 he became captain of troops of the marine, and in the succeeding years he was frequently called upon to lead expeditions into the Indian country on behalf of the government. In 1686 he was sent out from his fort on Lake Ontario to reassemble French who had gone beyond prescribed bounds. The next year he led coureurs de bois and Indians, at his own expense, to join Denonville's campaign against the Seneca. (For certificate of his service see post, 190.) In 1691 and 1695 he headed troops sent out with gifts for the Indians and provisions for the post at Mackinac. After La Salle's death La Forest and Tonti secured the concession of Fort St. Louis (July 14, 1690) on the same conditions for trade monopoly granted La Salle (see post, 228) ; they were excepted from the regulations of 1696 excluding traders from the west, but they were limited henceforth in the amount of business they could

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AGREEMENT OF LA SALLE AND PLET 51 Agreement between La Salle and Plet, May 5, 1684 A. N., C, CC3:194-194v C.; printed in Margry, 2:416 Nous sous signes Robert Cavelier Escuyer Sr de la Salle D' Une part, et f rancois plet1 marchand a paris d'autre, sommes con-venus de ce quy ensuit, C'est a sqavoir que sur la requisition que moy dit de la salle ayt fait aud. sr Plet de m'accorder Un delay jus qu'a la fin de L'annee Mil six Cent quatre Vingt Cinq pour le Translation We, the undersigned, Robert Cavelier, esquire, Sieur de la Salle, on the one part, and Francois Plet,1 merchant of Paris, on the other, agree as follows: namely, that I, the said De la Salle, have requested the said Sieur Plet to grant me an extension until 1La Salle, in his will, speaks of him as his cousin. do. From 1697 to 1699 La Forest was back in Canada serving with the troops, 1700 to 1702 he was again in the Illinois, 1702 to 1703 he was with the garrison at Quebec, engaged part of the time on the fortifications, and from May, 1704 to September 14, 1705 he was stationed at Three Rivers. Ordered to Detroit .in September, 170S, La Forest, because of ill health, delayed this mission until the spring of 1706. In 1710 he became commandant at Detroit, and four years later he died at Quebec. His activities through 1707 La Forest himself summarized in an undated petition (Archives nationales, du ministere des colonies, C13 C3:147) in which he sought financial recognition for his continued service to the government. These services had been costly, La Forest estimating that at one time he had lost over 25,000 livres either in expenses or as a consequence of leaving poor substitutes at his fort. Some years later the court did reimburse the heirs of Tonti and La Forest for certain of their joint expenditures. La Forest had married in 1702 Charlotte-Francoise Juchereau, sister of Charles Juchereau de St Denis and widow of Frangois Pachot (see post, 177 n.). Suite (Royal Society of Canada, Transactions, 1898, section 1, pp. 15, 22) refers to two officers named Francois de la Forest in Canada at this time, claiming that Madame Pachot married one who had served in the Hudson's Bay region, while the lieutenant of La Salle had married Jeanne Laurent A notarial record (Chicago Historical Society, Schmidt Collection), precludes the Suite statement. This document refers explicitly to dower and creditor rights of Madame Frangoise Juchereau de St. Denis, widow of the late Francois de la Forest, with special reference to sums sent by the king for expenses of La Forest and Tonti in constructing certain western forts. The record refers also to young Pachot, son of Madame de la Forest by her first marriage, and to Francois Frederick de la Forest, but it fails to mention a Pierre la Forest, then 36 years of age, son of Frangois La Forest and Jeanne Laurent, who would doubtless have been included in the mention of heirs had he been the son of the Frangois de la Forest in question. Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 268, 288; New York Colonial Documents, 9:362-363, 434, 700; Canadian Archives, archives nationales, colonies, B45, p. 896.

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52 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS payement et acquit de la somme du baut quatre mil huit Cent Vingt Cinq Livres a quoy se montent Les deux sommes dont je luy suis redevable Comme II est porte et pour les Causes y Con-tenues en 1 acte en forme de Compte portant obligation passee par devant Chappin et son Confrere Nor?s a paris Ce jour d huy, attendu que j'ay besoin de Cette dite somme a cause des grandes depenses ql Convient que je fasse pour le fret et Equipage de vaisseaux, et employ de marchandises et Conduit des personnes, Le tout pour le pays des Ilinois aux offres que je f aits et accorde par Ces presentes de luy payer pour leq. delay a raison de quinze pour Cent par an, moy dit Plet ay accepte et Convenu de son offre. et luy accorde Led. terns Jusque enfin de lad. annee mil six cent quatre Vingt Cinq, fait a Paris ce cinquiesme Jour de may Mil six cent quatre Vingt quatre, Ainsy signe Cavelier de la Salle, Plet. Translation the end of the year 1685 for the payment and discharge of the sum of 4,825 livres, which is the total of the two sums for which I am indebted to him. As is stated, for the reasons set forth in the document in the form of an account covering the obligation signed this day before Chappin and his associate, notaries, at Paris, I require this said sum on account of the heavy expense which it is necessary for me to incur for freight, equipment of vessels, acquisition of trade goods, and the services of persons, all for the country of the Illinois; by the terms which I offer and accord by these presents, I agree to pay him for this extension at the rate of fifteen per cent per annum. I, the said Plet, have accepted and agreed to his offer and grant him the said terms until the end of the year 1685. Done at Paris, May 5, 1684. Signed thus: Cavelier de la Salle, Plet

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ENGAGEMENT OF PACQUEREAU TO TONTI 53 Engagement of Pacquereau to Tonti, September 20, 1684 C. H. S., Schmidt Collection D. S. Pardevant &c fut present en sa personne Jean Pacquereau Lequel a promis et Sest oblige au sieur henry De Tonty Capne d'une Compagnie de Marine, Gouverneur pour le Roy du fort St. Louis au pays de la Louisienne sous L autorite de Monsieur de la Salle Lieutenant general pour le Roy dudit payes du monter incessament audit fort pour y faire la traicte avec les Sauvages Moyennant que le dit Sr de Tonty luy fournira de marchandises necessaires pour ce faire, mesme de Canot vivres et autres munitions necessaire pour Se ledit voyage ce faisant le dit pacquereau demeurera pour le dit Sieur de tonty autant de temps que luy ordone Et voudront Ce apres que sur le total des pelleteries le dit Sieur de Tonty aura retire Le prix des marchandises et cequil aura fourny pour ce voyage, les profits seront partages egallement entre les parties moietie par moitie Permet le dit Sieur de Tonty au dit Jacquereau de traicter son fusil Sa couverte un Capot et Translation Before etc., were present in person Jean Pacquereau, who has promised and obligated himself to the Sieur Henri de Tonti, captain of the company of the marine, governor for the king of Fort St. Louis in the country of Louisiana under the authority of Monsieur de la Salle, lieutenant-general for the king for the said country, to go immediately to the said fort to trade with the Indians, the condition being that the said Sieur de Tonti will furnish him with the necessary merchandise to do this, as also with a canoe, provisions, and other munitions necessary for the said voyage; the said Pacquereau will remain for as long a time as the said Sieur de Tonti shall direct; and furthermore they are agreed that after from the total of the peltries the said Sieur de Tonti shall have withdrawn the cost of the merchandise which he has furnished for the voyage, the profit shall be divided equally between the parties, half and half. The said Sieur de Tonti permits the said Pacquereau to trade his gun, his blanket, his capot, and two shirts for his profit, and promises him as an apichimo, ten beaver pelts. For thus, etc., made and passed at Quebec in

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54 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS deux chemises a son profit Celuy promet lapichimon de dix Castors, Car ainsy etc fait et passe a Quebec estude du dit nore Le 20 eme Septem 1684 en presence de Sr hypolitte et Jacques Curee tesmoins qui ont signe avec les parties et le nore Henry de Tonty Jean Pasquereaus Duquente Declaration of Hebert, September 26, 1684 Notarial file of B. Basset, Palais de Justice, Montreal D. S. du 26 7bre 1684 dedaraon. dus? Leger hebert1 en faveur du Sieur Rolland contre le Sr. Guillory.2 Aujourd'huy Est Comparu pardevant Le Nottaire Royal et de la terre et Seigneurie de L'Isle de Montreal en la Nouvelle france et tesmoings Soubz-Signer, Le Sieur Leger hebert demeu-rant ordinairement au Cap de la trinite, de present en cette ville de Montreal, Lequel, Sur le requisitoire De la damoiselle Rolland, a ce presente, A dit & declare qu'environ la fin du mois de Juillet Translation the office of the said notary, September 20, 1684, in presence of the Sieur Hypolitte and Jacques Curee, witnesses, who have signed with the parties and the notary. Henri de Tonti Jean Pacquereau Duquente September 26, 1684 Declaration of Monsieur Leger Hebert1 in favor of the Sieur Rolland against the Sieur Guillory.2 Today there appeared before the royal notary of the country and seigniory of the Isle of Montreal, in New France, and the undersigned witnesses, the Sieur Leger Hebert, residing ordinarily at Cap de la trinite, at present in this city of Montreal, who on the requisition of Mademoiselle Rolland, here present, has said and declared that about the end of the month of July, last year, 1 Leger Hebert, baptized in 1650, married in 1681 at Montreal. ' Simon Guillory, baptized in 1646, was an armorer. He died in 1696.

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DECLARATION OF HEBERT, 1684 55 de l'annee derniere gbie quatre vingt trois, Estant a Missilimakina, ou estoit aussy pour lors, lesr RoUand, qui demandant Compte aus. Simon Guillory des esfets que led Sr RoUand luy avoit laisse quelques temps auparavant, et singulierement des pacquets de Castor au nombre de Cinq. Led Guillory, dit aud Sr RoUand, que lesd Cinq pacquets estant trops gros II avoit este Contraint de les desfaire et des Cinq en faire six pacquets, desquelles II en auroit envoye trois pacquets, (par lesr de St paul) a la damoiselle Comparante. Telle-ment que lesd Sieurs RoUand et Guillory estant en conteste pour lesd trois pacquets restans, led Sr RoUand voulu prendre des experts pour termine, cette affaire a Lamiable ce que led Guillory refusa disant qui la s'accommoderoient bien ensemble outre Ce que dessus led Sr Comparant declare, que led Sr RoUand avoit un autre Conteste avec led Guillory pour un Nombre de livre de fil, quil luy avoit laisse pour traitter du bled d'Inde, dont & de ce que dessus ladt damoiselle Comparante a requis acte a elle octroye, Translation 1683, he was at Michillimackinac, where was also at the time, the said RoUand, who was then demanding an accounting of the Sieur Simon Guillory as to the goods which the said Sieur Rolland had left with him sometime before, and especially of certain packets of beaver to the number of five. The said Guillory told the Sieur Rolland that the aforesaid five packets being too large, he had been obliged to repack the five and make six packets, of which he had sent three packets (by the Sieur St. Paul) to the lady there present. Accordingly the said Sieurs Rolland and Guillory were at variance concerning the three remaining packets. The said Sieur Rolland wished to leave the affair to special arbitrators in order to end it amicably. This the said Guillory refused, saying that they would arrange it well enough together otherwise; further he declared that the aforesaid Sieur Rolland had another dispute with him, the said Guillory, over some pounds of thread that he had left with him to be traded for Indian corn; on this matter the aforesaid lady there present has requested that a notarial act be granted her which

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56 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Ce fut fait, passe et octroye aud Montreal, en la maison dus. anthoine forestier1 chirurgien L'an gbic quatre vingt quatre le vingt six sepbre avant midy en presence des Sieurs jean Gervaise* & pierre Caille tesmoings y demeurant & Soubz-Signes avec led Sieur Comparant & ladt Damoiselle Rolland. Lhebert Basset* none Engagement of Beauvais to Tonti, October 14, 1684 C. H. S. D. S. Fut Presant Messire Henry De Tonty Capitaine d une Com-pagnie de marinne et gouverneur pour le roy du fort saint louis payes de lalouisianne sous lautorite de messire Robert Cavellier Translation was made, passed, and granted at the aforesaid Montreal in the house of Antoine Forestier,1 surgeon, September 26, 1684, in the morning, in presence of the Sieurs Jean Gervaise2 and Pierre Caille, witnesses, there residing, and undersigned with the aforesaid Sieur, there present, and the said Mademoiselle Rolland. L. Hebert Basset8 notary Messire Henri de Tonti, captain of a company of the marine and governor for the king of Fort St. Louis in the country of Louisiana under authority of Messire Robert Cavelier, esquire, Sieur de la Salle, lieutenant-general for his majesty in the afore- 1 Antoine Forestier, baptized in 1646, married in 1670 Madeleine Cavelier, by whom he had eighteen children. "Jean Gervaise, procurator fiscal, a resident of Montreal, was baptized in 1621 and died in 1690. 'Benigne Basset, Sieur des Lauriers (1639 t? -1699) came to Montreal from France in 1654, was commissioned clerk in 1657 and took charge of the notarial papers for the Montreal district, though until he was twenty-five years of age he was not eligible to an appointment as royal notary. La Salle made a declaration before him as clerk of court in Montreal as early as July 5, 1669. Royal Society of Canada, Transactions, 1901, section 1, p. 81: J. E. Roy, Histoire du Notarial au Canada, 1:68-72.

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ENGAGEMENT OF BEAUVAIS TO TONTI 57 Escuyer Sr de la salle Lieutenant general pour sa majeste au dit payes de lalouissianne lequel a desclaire avoir fait les traites et conventions suivantes avec Jean baptiste beauvais1 fils de Jacques beauvais habitant de cette Isle a ce presant et acceptant C est a savoir que Ledit jean Baptiste Beauvais partira Incessament de cette Isle avec mondit sieur de tonty pour aller avec lui dans Ledit payes de lalouisianne et y ettant aller dans Les nations sau-vages quy luy seront indiquees Par mondit Sieur de tonty traitter bien et fidellemant Les marchandizes quil Luy fournira et Mettra entre ses mains en eschange dudi pelleteries et autres Choses qui soit En Commerce avec les sauvages et f rancois lesquelles marchandizes seront aux risques pertes et fortunes du mondit Mr de Tonty sauve que Ledit Beauvais soit responsable des Pertes quy En pourrira arriver par malheur ou accidant sinon En cas seulle-ment quil En MS. torn dissipation et mauvais Usages par des Translation said country of Louisiana, being present, has declared that he has made the following bargains and agreements with Jean Baptiste Beauvais,1 son of Jacques Beauvais, inhabitant of this island here present and assenting: that is to say that the aforesaid Beauvais shall immediately set out from this island with the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti to go with him into the aforesaid country of Louisiana, and being there to go among the Indian tribes which shall be indicated to him by the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti and to trade well and faithfully the merchandises which will be furnished him and put in his hands in exchange for peltries and other things which are in trade between the Indians and the French. These merchandises shall be at the risk and subject to the losses and fortunes of the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti provided that the aforesaid Beauvais shall be responsible for losses which may happen by misfortune or accident in case only that he MS. torn dissipation and bad conduct by debauch, gambling, or in some similar way, in which case he shall be bound. The aforesaid merchandises xThe baptismal record of Jean-Baptiste Beauvais (or Bauvais) is dated October 7, 1662 at Montreal. A member of the family by the same name moved to Kaskaskia in 1725 and became the head of a numerous fanj»y-Tanguay, Dictionnaire; Alvord, Kaskaskia Records (/. H. C, 5), 414 n.

80 0058

58 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS bauche jeu ou autre semblable maniere au quel cas il seroit tenu de ce faisant les dittes marchandises traittees les profits et revenues dicirure seront partages esgallemant Par moitie entr Mondit sieur de tonty et Le dit beauvais apres que le prix et valleur des dittes marchandises aura este Leve par Ledit sieur de tonty sur tout la masse de de quy En sera Provenu sur le pied quy En aura ette pourvu Entre eux et suivant La f acture quy en aura este faite En prenant les dittes marchandizes et En faveur dudit traite outre la moitie sus ditte desdite profits mondit sieur de tonty promet bailler audit beauvais un apihimon de dix Castorie et Luy promet encore de traite a ses profit les marchandise quil aporta ou fera monte a ses despance une fois pour tous deux castors une Cou-verte et fusil et trois Chemises et outre Les Clauses et Conventions sus dittes mondit Sieur de tonty luy promet donner par grati-ficaon La somme de Cinquant livres par Et en Cas quil ne fut Contant des dittes profits ou qu il voulut Sy retourner le dit sieur de tonty Consant quil le fait si quand bon Luy semblera Translation traded for, with the resulting profits and returns, shall be equally divided between the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti and the aforesaid Beauvais after the price and value of the said merchandise shall be deducted by the aforesaid Sieur de Tonti on the whole amount of what shall be provided on the basis that shall be agreed on between them, and according to the contract which shall be made with respect to the aforesaid merchandise and in favor of the aforesaid trade. Besides the aforesaid half of the said profits, the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti promises the aforesaid Beauvais an apichimo of ten beavers and allows him further to trade for his own profit in the merchandise which he brings or shall have brought at his expense for one out of every two beavers, as well as a blanket and a gun and three shirts. In addition to the clauses and agreements aforesaid the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti promises to give him by way of gratification, the sum of fifty livres a year; and in case that he is not content with the aforesaid profits or that he wishes to return, the aforesaid Sieur de Tonti consents that he do it when it seems good to him after he shall have adjusted

81 0059

ENGAGEMENT OF BEAUVAIS TO TONTI 59 apres qu il aura reigle le vende avec luy les affaires precedantes quils auront Eue Ensemble Car ainsi & promettant & obligeant & renoncant Et fait et passe audit monreal et de dudit MS. torn avant Midy Le quatoirsiesme jour d octobre mil six Cent quatre vingt quatre En presence de sieure Simon guillory bourgeois de Ce lieue et pierre Cornillier pratition y demeurante quy ont signe avec mondit sieur de tonty et Moy MS. torn ledit beauvais declare ne sauvir escrire ne signe de Ce Enquit suivant Lordonnance tesmoins HENRY DE TONTY S CORNILLIER Translation the bargain with him with respect to the transactions that shall have taken place between them. For thus promising, obligating himself, etc., and waiving, this has been done and concluded at the aforesaid Montreal and MS. torn before noon on October 14, 1684, in presence of Sieur Simon Guillory, bourgeois of this place, Pierre Cornillier, practicing and residing MS. illegible who have signed with the aforesaid Monsieur de Tonti and my MS. torn the aforesaid Beauvais declaring that he did not know how to write did not sign when interrogated in accord with the ordinance. witness Henri de Tonti P. Cornillier

Chapter II 82 0060

CHAPTER II Expense Account of La Dueantaye, 1683, 1684 A. N., C, Cu A6:4S1-4S2 D. Memoire de la depance faite par Le Sieur dela Durantaye1 aux outaouaes pour Le service du Roy et Lexecution des ordres de Monsieur Le general delabarre es annees 1683. et 1684. Savoir: Donne aux 4. nations de Missillimakinac Le 2? Juillet 6$ de tabac a 6» Latt................................... 36« Translation Memoir of expenses incurred for the king's service and the execution of the orders of Monsieur the General de la Barre by the Sieur de la Durantaye1 among the Ottawa in the years 1683 and 1684. To wit: Gave to the four nations of Michillimackinac, July 2, 6lb- of tobacco at 6H lb.................................... 36» 'Olivier Morel, Sieur de la Durantaye (1641-1727), ensign in 1662, captain in 1665, was a member of the Carignan-Salieres Regiment, coming to Canada in 1665. From 1683 to 1690 he was commandant in the Ottawa country. In 1684 he went to Tonti's aid when the Iroquois attacked Fort St. Louis he also carried La Barre's orders summoning Tonti to Quebec. Three years later he was again called upon to fight the Iroquois, and it was on his way to join DenonviUe that his forces captured Johannes Roose-boom, and later, with the aid of the other western contingents, took Major Patrick Macgregory, both of whom were conducting parties of English traders to the Ottawa country. For services in the campaign of 1687, La Durantaye was commended by DenonviUe, who gave him a half-pay captaincy. From 1690 on, though he retained his military position, he was free to give some attention to the development of his seigniories. He had received one in 1672, and with later grants he possessed over 70,000 arpents of land, the second largest amount given to an officer of the Carignan. During the Callieres regime La Durantaye was somewhat out of favor with the local administration. He finally went to France in 1699, received his discharge from his company and, at the same time, a reward from the court, a pension of 600 livres annually. La Forest succeeded to his com- 60

83 0061

EXPENSE ACCOUNT OF LA DURANTAYE 61 donne aux poutouatamis Le S. aoust 1683 , ^ 2» de tabac a 6» la» ....................................... . 12 donne aux chefs delamesme nation le 6? 3. Justeaucorps a 48# piece......................................... 144 donne aux mesmes le mestne Jour 3 chemises a 8tt piece.... 24 donne aux mesmes le mesm Jour 3 paires de bas a 8tt piece 24 donne a 8. hommes delamesme nation que Je fus oblige deprendre pour me Conduire au village des outagamis1 qui vouloient sen f uir avec les mascoutins et quicapous apres le meurtre fait par L Iroquois de 60 persnes desd. mascoutins dont Jen eu avis par Le RP. alloez dela Com- pagnie dejesus le 26? aoust 8 chemises a 8$ piece....... 64 donne aux outagamis pour les arrester dans leur village leur promettant La protection du gouverneur des francois contre L Iroquois 3H de tabac a 6H.................. 18 Translation Gave to the Potawatomi, August 5, 1683, 2lb- tobacco at 6H lb............................................ 12 Gave to the chiefs of the same nation on the sixth, 3 justau-corps at 48H each................................... 144 Gave to the same on the same day, 3 shirts at 8& each...... 24 Gave to the same on the same day, 3 pairs of stockings at 8tt the pair.......................................... 24 Gave to eight men of the same nation whom I was obliged to take to guide me to the Outagamie1 village who wished to flee with the Mascouten and Kickapoo, after the murder of sixty persons of the Mascouten by the Iroquois, of which I was informed by the Reverend Father Allouez of the Society of Jesus, August 26, 8 shirts at 8» each..... 64 Gave to the Outagamie in order to keep them in their village, promising them the protection of the governor of the French against the Iroquois; 3lb- of tobacco at 6H lb..... 18 'Fox. mand. In March, 1703 he was appointed to the Sovereign Council. Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 26, 105, 352; New York Colonial Documents, 9:300, 337, 340, 346; Royal Society of Canada, Transactions, 1895, section 1, PP. 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 23; Jesuit Relations, 63:271, 303.

84 0062

62 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS donne aux mesmes un fusil de.......................... 80 donne aux mesmes un Justeaucorps pour habiller Le Chef 50 donne aux mesmes une chemise et une paire de bas de 8$ piece........-..................................... 16 donne aux mesme deux Couvertes a L Iroquoise de 2W piece 40 donne aux quicapous pour le mesme Sujet 2S de tabac..... 12 donne aux mesmes un fusil de.......................... 80 un Justaucorps pour habiller le Chef.................... SO une chemise et une paire de bas 8$ p?.».................. 16 2. couvertes a L Iroquoise a 20$ p?..................... 40 donne a 3. Socoquis1 que Jay este oblige deprendre pour me Conduire par terre aux Illinois dou Jestoit Eloigne de 60. lieues ayant ordre d y aller Le 25. Septembre 1683. donne une Couverte de.................................. 20 un Capot de......................................... 24 En poudre et plomb................................... 20 Translation Gave to the same, a gun at............................. 80 Gave to the same, a justaucorps to clothe the chief......... 50 Gave to the same, a shirt and a pair of stockings at 8H each.. 16 Gave tothe same, two Iroquois blankets at 20H each........ 40 Gave to the Kickapoo for the same reason 2 lb. of tobacco.. 12 Gave to the same, a gun at............................. 80 A justaucorps to clothe the chief........................ 50 A shirt and a pair of stockings at 8& each................ 16 Two Iroquois blankets at 20& each...................... 40 To three Sokoki1 whom I have been obliged to take as guides to the Illinois country from which I was 60 leagues distant, being ordered to go there September 25, 1683, gave a blanket at...................................... 20 A capot at .......................................... 24 In powder and lead........................,.......... 20 ' The Sokoki were closely connected with the Abnaki confederacy of New England, but part of the nation at least seems to have found its way to Canada in the seventeenth century. Handbook of American Indians, 1:3; 2:613-614; Jesuit Relations, 24:311; 58:75; 60:233; 63:71; 65:187.

85 0063

EXPENSE ACCOUNT OF LA DURANTAYE 63 pour les mesmes fait accomoder un fusil par les armuriers de Monsieur de tonty estant arrive au fort St Louis le 2? octobre Scavoir pour faire monter led. fusil y faire une Cullasse et un resor de batrie donne unze Castors de 5# piecee .......................................... 55B pour nourritures aux mesmes........................... 25 du 5? octobre donne a un autre socoquy pour me guider a mon retour par une riviere en Canot au village des outa-gamis de quinetenan dofit J'estois party 50 balles et 50. coups de poudre achetee des particuliers aud. fort St Louis 6. castors de 4H piecee............,........... 24 au mesme donne une Couverte aussy achetee aud. fort St Louis............................................ 24 plus donne au mesme une brasse de tabac de.............. 10 donne aux puants,1 aux Saquis, aux outagamis et aux malo-minis le 20? novembre demapart par le Sr Nicollas perrot2 Translation Gun repaired for the same by Monsieur de Tonti's gunsmiths, being arrived at Fort St. Louis, October 2. To wit, gave 11 beavers at 5& each for mounting the said gun, making a stock for it, and a new hammer spring... 55 For subsisting the same............................... 25 October 5, gave another Sokoki to guide me on my return by river in a canoe to the village of the Outagamie of Quinetenan, from which I had set out, 50 bullets and 50 charges of powder purchased from individuals at the above Fort St. Louis for 6 beavers at 4H each................... 24 Gave the same one blanket also purchased at the above Fort St. Louis ........................................ 24 Gave to the same in addition, a length of tobacco at........ 10 Given November 20, on my behalf to the Puans,1 the Sauk, the Outagamie, and the Menominee by Nicolas Perrot2 1 Winnebago. ' Nicolas Perrot, 1644-1718. For sketch of his career see Kellogg, Early Narratives of the Northwest, 69-71; Wisconsin Historical Collectums, 5:110-113.

86 0064

64 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS pour les Inviter a decendre a montreal 11H de tabac a 89 Latt.......................................... 88 pour nourriture de 2. hommes que Je fus oblige deprendre le 20? novembre pour aller de la baye des puants a mis-sillimakinac ayant receu ordre de Mr delabarre de deffen-dre led. lieu Missillimakinac qujl me marquoit devoir estre attaque par Liroquois, Lesquels furent nourris a mes frais pendant six mois.......................... 300 Du 14. Juillet 1684. ayant receu ordre de Mr delabarre dassembler tous Les francois et sauvages pour me rendre chez les Iroquois et Leur f aire la Guerre Jenvoye aussy tost un Canot de 5. hommes alabaye des puants de Missillimakinac ou Jestois alors ausquels Je donne ordre davertir les francois et sauvages dud. Lieu demevenir Joindre comme Us le firent peu de jours apres et ausquels Jedonne pour nourriture un sac et demy de bled a 2(M Le sac........................................... 30 dela graisse pour..................................... 15 Translation in order to persuade them to come to Montreal lllb- of tobacco at 8H lb................................... 88 November 20, for subsisting the two men whom I have been obliged to take to go from Baye des Puans to Miehilli-mackinac, having received orders from Monsieur de la Barre to defend the said post of Michillimackinac, which he informed me was about to be attacked by the Iroquois; the two men were fed at my own expense for six months 300 On July 14, 1684, having received orders from Monsieur de la Barre to assemble all the French and Indians to go to the Iroquois and wage war upon them, I immediately sent a canoe with five men to Baye des Puans from Michillimackinac, where I then was, and ordered them to give notice to the French and Indians of the said place to come and join me, as they did a few days after; and in order to feed them I gave them one and one half bags of wheat at 20» the bag...............r..................... 30 Grease at.........,..,........................,..... 15

87 0065

EXPENSE ACCOUNT OF LA DURANTAYE 65 donne au nomme martin f oiiessy qui avoit este pille par les Iroquois aumois demars delamesme annee avec autres 13. francois dans la riviere de Teatiquy huit Castors pour La monture d'un Canon de fusil qujl avoit et pour une plaque de fusil mise aud. fusil pour mettre led. fouessy en estat d aller ala guerre lesd. huit castors valant............. 40 Donne a 3. hommes envoyez de Monsieur delabarre pour maporter lordre demarcher contre L Iroquois, nommez guillet, L'orange et debrieux, trois sacs de bled a 20» Le sac........................................... 60 achete des mesmes sus nommez 2(M de tabac donne aux sau-vages en les Invitant a se Joindre aux frangois pour faire la guerre a Liroquois par ordre de Monsieur delabarre pour le payement duquel tabac Jetiray une billet sur monsieur dela chenaye1 lequel billet a este aquitte par Le sieur Translation Gave, to one Martin Fouessy, who had been pillaged by the Iroquois in the month of March, the same year, with thirteen other Frenchmen on the Kankakee River, 8 beavers for a stock of a gun barrel which he had, and for a butt plate put on the gun to enable the said Fouessy to go to war. The said 8 beavers valued at................ 40 Gave to three men sent by Monsieur de la Barre to bring me orders to march against the Iroquois, their names being Guillet, L'Orange, and De Brieux, three bags of wheat at 20H the bag.................................... 60 Purchased from the same above-named persons 20""- of tobacco given to the Indians inviting them to join the French to make war on the Iroquois, by order of Monsieur de la Barre. In payment of this tobacco I drew a draft on Monsieur de la Chesnaye.1 This draft has been 'Charles Aubert, Sieur de la Chesnaye (1630-1702), came to Canada in 16SS. A merchant of Quebec, he was interested in both the West India Company and the Company of the North. His contribution to the development of the colony won for him letters of nobility in 1693. In 1696 he became a member of the Sovereign Council. Shortt, Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance during the French Period, 1:19n.; Tanguay, Dtctton-natre.

88 0066

66 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS du pre comme yl paroist sur mes Comptes avec led. sieur du pre........................................... 100 donne a S. hommes pour les mettre en estat d aller ala guerre le 25? Juillet 10» depoudre a 5» latt.................. 50 aux mesmes donne 7: sacs de bled a 2(M Le Sac........... 140 aux mesmes 4: baches a 8Ł piece....................... 32 aux mesmes donne 50^ de graisse Coutant............... 100 donne aux mesmes un Canot Coutant.................... 150 Monte Le present memoire ala somme de................2240 Je Certifie le present memoire veritable dont Le Contenu a Este f ourny pour le service du Roy par le sieur de la Durantaye commandant en chef aux outaoueas es annees 1684. et 1685. fait a Quebec le 20? avril 1685. Signe a Loriginal de meulles Obmis a Compter la depence faite pour faire decendre Mr debeauvais mesme dela baye des puants a Quebec le 20? avril 1684: pour donner avis a Monsieur le general que Translation paid by the Sieur du Pre as appears from my accounts with the said Sieur du Pre.......................... 100 Gave to five men in order to equip them to go to war, July 25, 10">- powder at 5» lb............................ 50 To the same 7 bags of wheat at 20» bag.................. 140 To the same 4 hatchets at 8« each....................... 32 Gave to the same 50lb- of grease costing.................. 100 Gave to the same, one canoe costing..................... 150 Total for the present memoir, the sum of............ 2240 I certify that the present memoir is correct and that the items contained therein have been furnished for the king's service by the Sieur de la Durantaye, commandant-in-chief among the Ottawa in the years 1684 and 1685. Done at Quebec, April 20, 1685. Signed on the original: De Meulles Expense omitted from the above account, incurred in having Monsieur de Beauvais descend from Green Bay to Quebec, April 20, 1684, to inform Monsieur the general that

89 0067

EXPENSE ACCO UNT OF LA D URANT A YE 67 Mr debauvais quatorziesme* avoient este pillez par Liro- quois laquelle depence consiste en 5; sacs de bled...... 100 a 2SH de graisse..................................... 50 1 canot de 20 castors nestant pas neuf................... 100 KM de plomb a 5*t latt................................. 50 4» de poudre a 5« laH................................. 20 un fusil Casse qui cousta 4 castors a faire accomoder...... 20 340 A Quebec le 4 Nov. 1693 Champigny2 Translation Monsieur de Beauvais and fourteen men1 had been pillaged by the Iroquois; of which the expense consisted of 5 bags of wheat.................................. 100 To 25lb- grease...................................... 50 1 canoe of 20 beavers, not being new.................... 100 10lb- lead at 5tt lb..................................... 50 4lb- powder at SH lb................................... 20 1 broken gun which cost 4 beavers to repair.............. 20 340 Quebec, November 4, 1693 Champigny2 1 Letter of Boisguillot to La Barre (Archives nationales, Archives du ministere des colonies, Cu A6:S28) shows that this refers to the pillage of the fourteen French on the Kankakee. Rene le Gardeur de Beauvais, La Barre's secret agent in the exploitation of the western fur trade, headed this expedition. Kellogg, French Regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest, 227-228. ' Jean Bochart de Champigny, intendant of New France. 1686-1702.

90 0068

68 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Instructions of the King to Denonville, March 10, 1685 A. N., G, B 11:6v-18 C, extract; printed in part in N. Y. C. D., 9:271 a Versailles le 10? mars 1685. Instruction que le Roy veut estre remise entre les mains du sr Marquis de Denonville1 choisy par sa Matf pour gouverneur et son Lieutenant general en la nouvelle France. II est pareillement Informe que les Sauvages les plus Voisins des habitations franchises sont les Algonquins et les Iroquois, que ces derniers ont trouble plusieur fois le repos et la tranquillite des colonies de la nouvelle france jusques a ce que Sa MatŁ leur ayant fait faire une forte guerre il y a environ 20. ans, ils furent enfin contraincts de se soumettre et de vivre en repos sans faire leurs Incursions ordinaires sur les terres habitees part les f rancpis, Mais ces peuples inquiets et aguerris, n'ont pas laisse de faire depuis quelques violences a ses sujets qui ont donne lieu a Sa Mat? d'envoyer des troupes et des munitions de guerre audt pais pour les contenir par la crainte de ses armes. Translation Versailles, March 10, 1685 Instructions which the king wishes placed in the hands of the Sieur Marquis de Denonville,1 selected by his majesty as his governor and lieutenant-general in New France. He is likewise informed that the savages nearest to the French settlements are the Algonkin and the Iroquois, and that the latter have, on several occasions, disturbed the peace and tranquillity of the settlements of New France until his majesty having had to carry on a vigorous war against them about twenty years ago, they were finally forced to submit and live in peace without making their usual incursions into lands inhabited by the French. But these people, restive and warlike, have not, since that time, desisted from occasional outrages against his subjects, which has induced his majesty to send troops and munitions of war to the said country in order to restrain them through the fear of his arms. Jacques-Renf de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville, governor-general of New France, 1685-1689.

91 0069

INSTRUCTIONS TO DENONVILLE, 1685 69 Ledt Sr de Denonville scait l'Usage que ledt Sr de la Barre a fait de ces Secours, et qu'au lieu d'en profiter et du zele avec lequel les hans dudt pals et les sauvages voisins estoient acourus pour destmire les Irroquois, il a fait avec eux Une paix honteuse dans Un temps ou tout sembloit favorable pour purger le pais d'une nation qui en a tousjours trouble le repos. L'abandon qu'il a fait en cela des Islinois a extremement deplfl a Sa Mate et Elle S'attend que led? Sr de Denonville trou-vera par son applicaon a bien examiner l'estat de toutes choses a son arrivee les moyens de relever les affaires, et de ranger les Irroquois dans le devoir et de restablir le credit de la nation dans l'Esprit des Sauvages alliez que la mauvaise conduite du Sr De la Barre ne peut pas manquer d'avoir altere. Sa Mat.e luy a explique ses Intentions sur la conduite qu'il doit tenir en arrivant aud. pais, et il scait que la principale veue qu'il doit avoir est d'establir par Une paix ferme et solide le repos Translation The said Sieur de Denonville knows the use which the said Sieur de la Barre has made of this assistance, and that instead of profiting from it and from the zeal with which the inhabitants of the said country and their Indian neighbors were seeking to destroy the Iroquois, he has concluded an ignominious peace with them at a time when everything seemed favorable for ridding the country of a nation which has always disturbed its repose. His abandonment of the Illinois in this manner has deeply displeased his majesty, and he expects that the said Sieur de Denonville, by his diligence in carefully examining the whole state of affairs on his arrival, will find the means of retrieving the situation, of bringing the Iroquois back to their duty, and of reestablishing the influence of the nation in the minds of the Indian allies that the bad conduct of the Sieur de la Barre cannot fail to have altered. His majesty has explained to him his ideas concerning the conduct which he ought to adopt on arriving in the said country, and he knows that the principal object which he ought to have in view is the reestablishment of the tranquillity of the colony by means of a firm and lasting peace; but in order that this peace may

92 0070

70 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS de la colonie, mais pour faire que cette paix soit de duree II faut abaisser l'orgueil des Irroquois, soustenir les Islinois et les autres alliez que le Sr De la Barre a abandonne, et commc?r par Une conduite ferme et Vigoureuse a faire connoistre ausd? Irroquois qu'ils auront tout a craindre pour Eux" s'ils ne se sousmettent aux conditions qu'il Voudra leur Imposer. II doit done leur declarer d'abord qu'il veut proteger de toutes ses forces les alliez des francois, faire sqavoir la mesme chose aux Islinois, outaoiiacs, Miamis et autres, et s'il estime a propos de soustenir cette declaration par des troupes et par quelque entreprise contre les Sonnontoiians, Sa Mat.e se remet a luy de prendre a cet esgard les resolutions qu'il estimera les plus conve-nables, estant bien persuade qu'il suivra les meilleurs partis, et que son experience a la guerre le mettra en estat de terminer bientost celle-la s'il est oblige de l'entreprendre. II doit estre inf orme que le commandant de la nouvelle Yorck a pretendu donner du secours aux Irroquois et estendre la domi- Translation be lasting, he must humble the pride of the Iroquois, give assistance to the Illinois and the other Indian allies whom the Sieur de la Barre has abandoned, and begin by a firm and vigorous conduct to teach the said Iroquois that they will have everything to fear for themselves if they do not submit to the conditions which he may wish to impose upon them. He ought therefore to declare to them at the very outset that he wishes to protect with all of his forces the allies of the French, to make this known to the Illinois, Ottawa, Miami, and others, and, if he thinks it opportune, to support this declaration by means of the troops and by an expedition against the Seneca. His majesty defers to him to follow in this regard the plans which he believes to be the most suitable, being fully persuaded that he will pursue the most expedient ones and that his military experience will place him in a position to terminate it quickly if he is compelled to undertake it. He ought to be informed that the commandant of New York has presumed to give aid to the Iroquois and to extend English

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INSTRUCTIONS TO DENONVILLE, 1685 71 nation angloise jusqu'au bord de la riviere de St Laurens et dans toute l'estendue des terres habitees par ces sauvages Et quoy que Sa Matf ne doute pas que le Roy d'Angr.e aupres duquel Elle a fait faire Instance par son Ambassadeur, ne donne des ordres pour faire cesser les Injustes pretentions de ce commandant, Elle estime pourtant necessaire de luy expliquer qu'il doit faire toutes choses pour maintenir la bonne Intelligence entre les Franqois et les Anglois, mais que si contre toute apparence ces derniers sou-levoient les sauvages, et leur donnoient du secours, II doit agir contre Eux comme contre des Ennemis quand il les trouvera sur les terres des Sauvages, sans cependant rien tenter sur les terres de Tobeisscje du Roy d'angleterre. II ne f aut pas seulement s'appliquer a empescher les violences des Iroquois contre les Frangois, il doit aussy prendre Un soin particulier de maintenir en paix les sauvages entr'Eux et empescher par tous moyens les Iroquois de faire la guerre aux Islinois et Translation control up to the banks of the St. Lawrence River and throughout the whole extent of territory inhabited by these Indians; and, although his majesty does not doubt that the king of England, to whom he has caused representations to be made by his ambassador, will give orders to check these unjust pretensions on the part of his commandant, he feels it necessary, nevertheless, to explain that everything should be done to maintain the good understanding between the French and the English; but if in spite of all appearances the latter should stir up the Indians and give them aid, he must act toward them as against the enemy whenever he finds them in the territories of the Indians, without, however, attempting anything on the lands of those owing allegiance to the king of England. He must not only apply himself to preventing the outrages of the Iroquois on the French; he ought also to take particular care to maintain peace among the Indians themselves and to prevent the Iroquois by all means from making war on the Illinois and the other neighboring peoples; he is very certain that if these

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72 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS autres peuples ler voisins, estant tres certain qui si ces nations de qui on tire les pelleteries qui sont le principal commerce de Canada se voyent a couvert de la violence des Iroquois par la protection qu'elles recevront des francpis, elles seront d autant plus excitees a porter leurs marchandises, et augmenteront le commerce par ce moyen. Mais pour parvenir a des fins aussy advantageuses, il faut donner Une grande applicaon a aguerrir les habitans en les divisant par compagnie dans chaque habitaon les exerceant au maniement des armes, leur faisant faire de frequentes reveries et observant qu'ils ayent tous chez eux les armes necessres pour s'en servir en cas de besoin, et les tenir enfin Incessammt en exercice pour les rendre capables de se bien deffendre en cas qu'ils f ussent attaquez en quoy il pourra se servir Utilement des officiers des troupes qui y passerent il y a quelques annees sous le commandant du sr de Tracy, et de ceux qu'Elle y fera passer avec Luy. Sa Mat.e veut que peu de temps apres son arrivee, il fasse travailler a -Un rolle exact de tous les habitans divisez par habi- Translation nations from whom the peltries are obtained, which constitute the principal commerce of Canada, see themselves shielded from the violence of the Iroquois by the protection which they will receive from the French, they will be so much more persuaded to bring their goods and will by this means increase the trade. But in order to attain ends so advantageous, he must give, a great deal of attention to inuring the inhabitants to war by dividing them into companies in each settlement, drilling them in the handling of arms, reviewing them frequently, seeing that they all have the arms necessary for their use in case of need, and, finally, drilling them constantly in order to render them capable of defending themselves well in the event that they should be attacked. In this he will be able to use profitably the officers of the troops who were sent there some years ago under the command of the Sieur de Tracy and those whom he will send over with him. His majesty wishes that shortly after his arrival he undertake the preparation of an exact roll of all of the inhabitants by

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INSTRUCTIONS TO DENONVILLE, 1685 73 tations dans lequel il distinguera ceux qui sont en estat de porter les artnes, des vieillards et des Enfans, Sera mention du nombre des femmes et des filles de tous aages, et s'appliquera a donner Une connoissc? entiere et Veritable a Sa Mat.e de l'estat de la colonie, sur tout Sa Mat.e hiy recommande encore de la mettre en estat de se deffendre par Elle mesme, n'estant ny du service, ny des Intentions de Sa MatŁ d'envoyer des troupes reglees sur les lieux, Cependant pour Luy donner moyen d'executer ses intentions avec Un Succes plus asseure Elle veut bien encore y faire passer 300. hommes outre les 500. qui y sont entretenus. II doibt se mettre en estat de faire un voyage vers Missili-makinac, d'examiner les endroits ou il sera necessaire de faire de nouveaux establissemens de faire construire des forts, et establir des garnisons; Et comme Elle est Inf ormee que le fort de frontenac est un poste Important pour donner protection au commerce de ses sujets, faire teste aux Iroquois et estre en estat de les attaquer des qu'il sera estime convenable, Elle veut qu'il examine Translation settlements, in which he will designate those who are able to bear arms, old men, and children. He will mention the number of women and girls of all ages, and he will take pains to make his majesty completely and truly acquainted with the state of the colony. Above all, his majesty again enjoins him to place it in a position to defend itself by the inhabitants themselves, it being neither the duty nor the intention of his majesty to send regular troops to the region. However, in order to give him the means of carrying out his intentions with more assured success, he is pleased to send out 300 men besides the 500 who are stationed there. He should arrange to make a journey to Michillimackinac in order to inspect the places where it will be necessary to make new settlements, construct forts, and establish garrisons; and, as his majesty is informed that Fort Frontenac is an important post for giving protection to the trade of his subjects, for coping with the Iroquois, and for being in a position to attack them as soon as he believes it opportune, he wishes that he investigate in what point

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74 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS en quel lieu des environs on pourroit establir Un bon fort, ou il pourroit laisser Une ou deux compagnies en garnison. Si la justice qu'il doit f aire regner parmy les hans de Canada estf Un des moyens principaux de leur f aire gouster la douceur et le repos necessv pour le maintien et l'augmentaon de cette Colonie, l'establissement et l'augmentaon du commerce est Un autre moyen qui n'est pas moins Utile, et auquel il doit f ortement s'appliquer. Une des choses qui s'est le plus oppose a l'augmentation de ce commerce a este la liberte que plusieurs habitans se sont donnee nonobstant les deffenses expresses portees par les ordonnances de Sa Mate d'aller dans la profondeur des bois porter de l'eaue de Vie aux Sauvages dans leurs habitations, et tirer d'eux les pelle-teries qu'ils avoient accoustume de faire, Ce desordre avoit este si loin que la pluspart des hans ayant laisse le soin de la culture de leurs terres excitez par le mauvais exemple, et par le proffit que Translation in the neighborhood a good fort should be built, in which one or two companies could be left as a garrison. If the justice which he ought to cause to reign among all the settlements of Canada is a principal means of bringing about the enjoyment of contentment and tranquillity necessary for the protection and growth of the colony, the state and increase of trade is another means no less useful and to which he must vigorously apply himself. One of the things which is most opposed to the increase of trade has been the liberty that numerous colonists are assuming, notwithstanding the express prohibitions contained in his majesty's ordinances, of going into the backwoods to carry brandy to the Indians in their homes, and to gather from them the peltries which they had been accustomed to secure. This disorder has been so widespread that the greater part of the colonists, abandoning the cultivation of their lands, moved by bad example and by the profit that the coureurs de bois were making, have taken the same

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INSTRUCTIONS TO DENONVILLE, 1685 75 f aisoient les coureurs de bois avoient pris le mesme party, en sorte que les habitations demeuroient abandonnees, et la terre n'estant pas cultivee retournoit dans le mesme estat auquel elle estoit avant que d'avoir este deffrichee, c'est ce qui a porte Sa Mat? pour les rapeller a leur devoir a leur accorder une amnistie avec permission au gouverneur et a l'lntendant de donner conjoinctement des passe-ports a 25. canots par an pour aller dans les habitations des sau-vages f aire le mesme commerce que f aisoient autref ois les coureurs de bois. Sa Mat.e Veut done qu'il employe toute son auctorite a l'execu-tion de ce qui est en cela de ses intentions, qu'il agisse de concert avec l'lntendant pour empescher le desordre desd? coureurs de bois, ql se serve de ses gardes, et des archers de la Prevoste por arrester ceux qui seront allez dans la profondeur des bois sans permission, et qu'il observe que celle qui a este donnee d'accorder des passeports, est plustost Une tolerance qu'Une chose que Sa ayt estime Utile au bien de la colonie, ainsy il doit examiner Translation course, so that the settlements have been abandoned, and the land, not being cultivated, has returned to the same condition in which it was before it had been cleared. It is that which has induced his majesty, in order to recall them to their duty, to grant them an amnesty with permission to the governor and intendant together to give passports to twenty-five canoes each year for going into the homes of the Indians to carry the same trade which the coureurs de bois formerly carried on. His majesty desires, therefore, that he employ all his authority in the execution of that which is in his intentions, and that he act in concert with the intendant in order to prevent the disorders of the said coureurs de bois, that he use the guards and archers of the provost in order to arrest those who shall go into the backwoods without permission; and he will observe that what has been done in granting passports is rather a toleration than something which his majesty has deemed useful to the welfare of the colony. He ought, also, to investigate with the intendant whether it is necessary to grant these passports, and to reduce the number

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76 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS avec l'lntendant s'il est necessaire d'accorder ces passeports, en reduire le nombre autant qu'il se pourra, et observer en les don-nant de preferer dans les premieres annees cenx qui n'ont point fait par le passe le mestier de coureur de bois, et sur tout d'ob-server Une telle equite dans la distribution de ces passeports, que chun y vienne a son tour, et qu'il ne se laisse point aller a la recommandation, ny a aucune autre raison pour donner des preferences dont les autres habitans eussent lieu de se plaindre Sa Mate est bien persuadee qu'il sera Uniquement occupe de ce qui regarde le bien de son service, et du bon exemple qu'il doit donner a ses sujets de Canada, en sorte qu'il ne souffrira pas que ses domestiques fassent aucun commerce deffendu, ny qu'on se serve de son nom, ou des canots qu'il pourroit depescher pour porter des ordres concernant la guerre, pour prendre par preference les pelleteries des sauvages, ainsy qu'il n'a este fait que trop souvent par le passe et Sa Mate luy recommande seulement a l'es-gard du commerce de laisser Une liberte entiere a ceux qui le font Translation as much as he can; to bear in mind in giving them out in the first years, to prefer those who have not carried on the trade of coureurs de bois in the past; and, on the whole, to observe such justice in the distribution of these passports that each one may go in his turn and that he does not allow himself to be carried away by favor nor for any other reason to give preferences, on account of which the other colonists might have cause for complaint. His majesty is fully persuaded that he will be occupied solely with what he regards as the good of his service and with the good example which he ought to set for his subjects in Canada so that he will not permit his servants to carry on any forbidden trade, nor use his name or the canoes which he may dispatch in order to carry his orders concerning the war, to take, instead, the peltries of the Indians; this has been done only too frequently in the past. His majesty recommends to him with regard to trade, only to permit full liberty to those who carry it on, since only that liberty can help it nourish to the welfare and advantage of the colony and the imposts of his majesty.

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INSTRUCTIONS TO DENONVILLB, 1685 77 n'y ayant que cette liberte qui puisse contribuer a le faire fleurir au bien et a l'advantage de la Colonie et des f ermes de Sa Mate Plusieurs particuliers habitans de Canada excitez par l'espercie du proffict qu'ils trouvoient dans le commerce des pelleteries avec les sauvages ont entrepris en differens temps des decouvertes Vers le pals des Nadoussioux, et autres endroits de l'amerique Septen-trionnalle, mais comme Sa Mat? n'estime pas que ces decouvertes soient advantageuses, et qu'il vaut bien Mieux s'appliquer a la culture de la terre dans les habitaons deffrichees, Elle ne veut point qu'il continue a leur donner de ces permissions, mais seule-ment qu'il laisse achever celle commencee par le sr de la salle jus-ques a l'embouchure de la riviere de Mississipy, surquoy Sa MatŁ veut bien luy faire sqavoir que pour favoriser l'establissement qu'il doit faire dans le golphe de Mexique il partit de Rochefort l'Este dernier sur Tun de ses Vaisseaux de guerre avec une barque 200. soldats et les Ustencilles necessaires pour Une pareille entreprise, Et Elle veut qu'il donne aux gens dudit De la salle toute la protection dont ils auront besoin pour la conservaop de l'lnterest qu'il Translation Numerous individual colonists of Canada, moved by the hope of profit to be found in the peltry trade with the Indians, have undertaken, at different times, explorations in the land of the Sioux, and in other regions of North America; but as his majesty does not believe these explorations will be advantageous, and as it is better that they apply themselves to the cultivation of the soil in the cleared regions, he does not wish that he continue to give these permissions; only let him permit the completion of those begun by the Sieur de la Salle to the mouth of the Mississippi River, concerning which his majesty wishes to let him know that La Salle, in order to facilitate the settlement which he is to make in the Gulf of Mexico, departed from Rochefort last summer on one of his majesty's ships of war with a bark, 200 soldiers, and the necessary equipment for such an enterprise; and he wishes that he Denonville give to the people of the said De la Salle all the assistance which they will require for the preservation of the

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78 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS peut avoir dans les forts de frontenac et de St Louis et des effets qu'il y a laissez. Denonville to Seignelay, November 13, 16851 A. N, C, C1 A7:88-89v extract J'escris au Sr Benicour de recevoir vos ordres §i vous voulez vous servir de luy po. envoyer les trois Cents fuzils cy dessus qui nous devoient venir et qui ne sont arivez, Comme il ny a aucun temps a perdre pour l'Envoy de ces fuzils, ayez la bonte de donner nos ordres la dessus de boneheure, afin qu'on puisse ramasser ces armes.2 II seroit bien apropos de faire donner des armes aux Illinois et obliger Mr de Tonty de les payer ce qu'il ne refusera pas ainsy le Roy n'aura qu'a en faire l'avance. Translation interest which he may have in Forts Frontenac and St. Louis and the property which he has left there. I am writing to the Sieur Benicour to receive your orders if you wish to use him to send the above 300 guns which we should have received and which have not arrived. As there is no time to lose in forwarding these guns, be so good as to issue your orders soon so that these arms may be secured.* It would be very desirable to give arms to the Illinois and oblige Monsieur de Tonti to pay for them, which he will not refuse to do. Thus the king will only be advancing the payment for them. 1 This document is listed in the Calendar of Manuscripts in Paris Archives and Libraries relating (o the History of the Mississippi Valley to 1803, p. 18, as of November 13, 1684, but must be of November 13, 1685. Denonville did not take office until the latter year, and this is doubtless one of the letters referred to in the king's reply to Denonville, May 31, 1686, post, 83. 1 When these guns finally arrived in Canada, Tonti had already departed to raise the Illinois, and they were issued to the settlers instead. Archives nationales, Archives du ministere des colonies, C"A8:243.

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DENONVILLE TO SEIGNELAY, 1685 79 J'ay este averty q.' Mr de la Salle ne pretendoit pas que le Commandant de son fort aux Illinois fut a. mes ordres, ie vo. suplie de me f aire sqavoir la dessus les intentions du Roy, cepen-dant ie menageray toutes choses de maniere q.' ie ne me commette-ray en rien du tout, Si J'ay l'honneur destre connu de Vous, Vous Serez persuade q.'ie ne suis ambitieux que de me bien acquiter de mon devoir. Et Cependant de quelq.' maniere que Vous vouliez decider en ma faveur ou non, il est apropos dans la conjuncture au Sr de Tonty presente, q. Vo. fassiez sgavoir que l'intention du Roy est qu'il f asse marcher, et marche luy mesme avec le sr de la Forest a la teste des Sauvages po. serendre a mes ordres.1 II y a de nos f ranqois qui sont aux Outaouas qui disent avoir ordres de Mr de la Barre d'aler aux Missisipi, ie Sqay q.' ce n'est pas Votre intention que de laisser tant courir nos franqois ie feray de mon mieux pour les faire revenir. On m'a dit qui Mr de Tonty ne veut pas laisser aler nos f ranc,ois en traitte du coste des Illinois. Si Le Roy a donne a Mr Translation I have been advised that Monsieur de la Salle claimed that the commandant of his fort in the Illinois was not under my orders. I beg you to let me know the king's intentions in the matter. In the meantime, I will manage things so as not to commit myself in any way. If I have the honor to be known to you, you will be persuaded that it is not my ambition but only a desire to acquit myself well in my duty. Nevertheless, if you should decide in my favor or not, it is desirable in the present circumstances that you inform the Sieur de Tonti that it is the king's intention that he have the Illinois march, and that he himself, along with the Sieur de la Forest, march at the head of the Indians in order to place himself under my orders.1 There are a number of our French among the Ottawa who claim to have orders from Monsieur de la Barre to go to the Mississippi. I know that it is not your intention to permit so many of our French to roam, and I will do my best to have them return. I have been told that Monsieur de Tonti does not desire to permit our French to trade among the Illinois. If the king has 1 See post, 82, for instructions of king to Tonti in this regard.

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80 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS de la Salle seul ce pays la, il seroit bon que Vo. Eussiez la bonte de me le faire scavoir afin de me conformez aux ordres de sa Maieste.1 Je serois trop long Monseigneur a Vo. rendre compte de tout les desordres que ce grand nombre de congez a cause le premier remede Monseigneur que ie me suis propose d'y aporter est de m'atacher presisement a ne pas outre passer le nombre prescript par les ordres du Roy,2 de ne permettre qu'aucun mar-chand ne donne de marchandises qu'il n'avertisse Le Gouverneur de celuy qui luy en demande, et declare le nom des trois hommes qui doivent mener le canot, de faire qu'n des trois soit commandant et reponde des deux autres et de Les ramener, que le Gouverneur ou Commandant s'informe des moeurs de ces hommes, et en ex-clure tous ceux qui Se feront mal conduits dans les bois dans les Translation granted this country to Monsieur de la Salle exclusively, it would be well that you be so good as to inform me in order that I may conform to his majesty's orders.1 I would be tedious, Monseigneur, if I were to give you an account of all the disorders brought on by the great number of permits to trade. The first step which I propose to take, Monseigneur, is to set myself firmly against the issue of a greater number of permits than that set by the king,2 and to allow a merchant to deliver goods only when he informs the governor who ordered from him and declares the names of the three men who are to man the canoe; and to see to it that one of the three men is in command and responsible for the other two and for their return, and that the governor or commandant inform himself of the habits of these men and exclude all those who may have conducted themselves badly in the trade in the woods in the past, and that he vise the permits the day of departure, and this be done both at Three Rivers and Montreal, and that the invoices 1 See post, 2S9-260.

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DENONVILLE TO SEIGNELAY, 1685 81 traittes pasees, qu'il vize Le Conge le jour du depart, qu'aux trois rivieres et a Montreal on eu fasse autant, et qu'a tous le bureaux establis on fasse voir la facture de marchandises, qu'aucun de ces trois hommes ne puisse changer sa place a moins de cause de mala-die n'y dans la Colonie n'y dans les bois, ce qui poura remedier a un abus qui s'est estably que des gens par ces changemens demeu-rent des quatre et six ans sans revenir, que Les P. jesuittes Mis-sionaires nous rendent un compte exact de la conduite de chacun de ses hommes dans leurs traittes ie voudrois outre cela qu'il y eut touiours un homme a Missilimakina pour les Commander tous, et les rassembler en cas de besoin, Et Les entretenir en quelque dis-sipline qui est la chose du monde en ce pays la plus necessaire ainsy que i'auray l'honneur de Vous le marquer cy aprez, car selon ce que i'en apprends toutes les abominations se font dans Les traittes par certain nombre de gens Libertins. Translation for the goods be inspected at all of the established offices, and that none of the three men be permitted to give up his employment, either in the colony or in the woods, for any reason except illness. This will remedy an abuse which has established itself whereby these men, by changing employment, live in the woods from four to six years without returning, as the Jesuit missionary fathers give us an exact account of the conduct of each of these men in their trade. Furthermore, I should wish that we always had a man at Michillimackinac to control all and bring them together in case of need and keep them under some discipline, which is the one thing in the world most needed in this country, as I will have the honor to point out to you hereafter for, from what I understand, all the abominations in the trade are perpetrated by certain rogues.

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82 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Letter to Tonti, May 31, 1686 A. N.,C, B 12:20-20* C a Versailles le 31? may 1686. Le Roy a este surpris d'aprendre que le sr de la salle et vous en son absence ne pretendiez pas recevoir les ordres de Mr le Marquis de Denonville a qui Sa Mat? a donne le gouvernemt giial de la nouvelle france et Elle m'a ordonne de vous escrire que son intention est que vous receviez et que vous executiez tous ceux que vous recevrez de sa part sans aucune difficulte et mesme que vous marchiez avec le Sr de la forest a la teste des sauvages qui vous obeissent ou il vous ordonnera.1 Elle a este aussy surprise de la pretention que vous avez d'empescher les f rancjois d'aller en traitte chez les islinois, et Elle veut que vous laissiez a tous ses sujets la liberte d'aller trafiquer chez ces sauvages;2 ne manquez pas de vous conformer exacte-ment a ce qui est en cela des intentions de Sa Mat.e Translation Versailles, May 31, 1686 The king has been surprised to note that the Sieur de la Salle, and you in his absence, pretend not to receive the orders of Monsieur the Marquis de Denonville, whom his majesty has given the general government of New France; and he instructs me to inform you that it is his intention that you accept and execute, without evasion, all orders which you may receive from him, and also that you march with the Sieur de la Forest at the head of the Indians who obey you, wherever he may order.1 He is surprised, also, at your pretensions in prohibiting Frenchmen from going to trade among the Illinois, and he desires that you grant to all of his subjects the freedom of going to traffic among the Indians there.2 You will not fail to conform exactly to his majesty's intentions in the premises. 1 This has reference to Denonville's preparations for his 1687 campaign against the Seneca. Tonti arrived at Irondequoit on July 10 with the Illinois Indians. New York Colonial Documents, 9:346, 365; Jesuit Relations, 63:271, 283. 'The letters patent of May 12, 1678, permitted La Salle to construct forts wherever he might deem them necessary and specified that he was to hold them "on the same terms and conditions as Fort Frontenac, agreeably and conformably to our said Letters Patent" of May 13, 1675. See ante, 42.

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KING TO DENONVILLE, MAY 31,1686 83 The King to Denonville, May 31, 1686 A.N., C, B12:25v-39-C, extract Memoire du Roy au Sr Marquis de denonville en response de ses Lettres des 20. aoust, 3 Septembre, 12. et 13? novembre 1685. A Versailles le 31 may 1686 .............. Sa MaĄ approuve qu'il ayt fait un voyage a Catarocoiiy,1 il est bien important de Conserver ce poste qui seroit tres Considerable en cas de guerre avec les iroquois, mais il doit observer de ne rien faire contre les interests du Sr de la Salle qui en est proprie-taire et Gouverneur et qui d'ailleurs est employe pour le service de sa Mate a la decouverte des terres du Coste du Golphe de Mixique; qu'il luy donne toute sorte de protection en l'obligeant Translation Memoir of the king to the Marquis de Denonville in answer to his letters of August 20, September 3, and November 12 and 13, 1685. Versailles, May 31, 1686 His majesty approves that he has made a journey to Catara-qui.1 It is very important to maintain this post, which should be of considerable value in the event of war with the Iroquois, but it is necessary to bear in mind that nothing is to be done contrary to the interests of the Sieur de la Salle, who is the proprietor and governor, and who is otherwise employed on his majesty's service in the exploration of the lands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Let him be given all manner of protection, nevertheless Tort Frontenac. The original fort was constructed by Frontenac on the present site of Kingston, Ontario, in 1673, and was merely a palisaded work. Accused of having built it to serve as a trading post and to intercept the annual fur fleets on their way to Montreal, and fearing the displeasure of the king, Frontenac recommended that the post be granted as a seigniory to La Salle, who rebuilt a portion of it with stone. The post was of great strategic importance in the wars against the Iroquois and was used by both La Barre and Denonville as a base in their operations against the confederacy. In 1689, Denonville, fearing that he could not maintain the post, ordered the garrison to be withdrawn and the fort destroyed. In 1695 Frontenac, despite the orders of Pontchartrain to the contrary, sent a party to rebuild it.

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84 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS cependant d'obeir a ses ordres comme les autres Gouverneurs parers l'intention de Sa Mat.e n ayant jamais este de le soustraire de 1 obeissance qu il doit au gouverneur gnal du pays. Sa Mat? a veu le plan qu il luy a envoye dud. fort de Cataro-couy et ce qu'il escrit sur ce sujet, Elle ne peut assez s estonner de Lignorance de ceux qui l'ont basty puis qu ils pouvoient en se retirant que quelques toises occuper tout 1 espace qui est entre les deux parties du lac faire passer devant eux une branche de ce lac et empescher qu on ne peut les attaquer par le derriere il sera tres bon avec le temps de fortifier ce poste, et mesme de com-mancer par la avant toucher a ceux qu'il propose de faire a Niagare et sur le lac Erie sans cependant y faire autre chose que de le mettre hors d'insulte et en estat de proteger l'endroit du mouillage des barques, ny ayant rien a Craindre de la part des iroquois quand on sera accouvert du Coup de main a lesgard de lisle de la forest il sera bon qu il fasse une autre fois ce qu'il pourra pour l'avoir, cependant la difficulte de 1 aborder a cause Translation requiring hitn to obey his orders like other governors. It has never been the intention of his majesty to diminish the obedience which is due the governor-general of the country. His majesty has seen the plan which he has forwarded to him of the said Fort Cataraqui and what he wrote on that subject. He cannot wonder enough at the ignorance of those who have built it, since by withdrawing only a few strides they could occupy the entire area lying between the two parts of the lake, have one part of the lake in front of them, and render an attack from the rear impossible. It would be well, in the future, to fortify this postr #nd even to begin it before commencing those which he proposes to construct at Niagara and on Lake Erie without doing anything else there except to secure it against attack and to put it into condition to protect the boat anchorage. There is nothing to be feared on the part of the Iroquois once you are safe from a surprise. With regard to the Isle de la Forest, it would be welL if he would do at once what he can in order to possess himself of it. However, the difficulty of approaching it on account of the winds,

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DENONVILLE TO LA FOREST, JUNE, 1686 85 des Vens dont il escrit doit faire preferer le poste de Catarocouy bien que le terrain soit moins fertile que celuy de l'isle. Denonville to La Forest, June 6, 1686 A. N., C, C1 A8:57-S7v G Copie de la Lettre de Monsieur Le Marquis de Denonville Gouver-neur General en Canada, a M de La Forest Commandant aux Illinois. du 6? juin 1686. Monsieur: Vous estes assez persuade de L'importance d'engager Vos peuple d Illinois a se mettre en estat de marcher lors qu'il en sera temps; vous devez Vo? mettre en Estat de marcher a le. Teste lorsque le R. P.1 vo. le fera Sqavoir: mais comme il sera assez occupe des soins qu'il f aut prendre des autres costez, il est bon que Translation concerning which he writes, ought to make him prefer the post at Cataraqui, although the land there be less fertile than on the island. Copy of letter of Monsieur the Marquis de Denonville, governor general of Canada, to Monsieur de la Forest, commandant of the Illinois. June 6, 1686 Monsieur, You are sufficiently aware of the importance of engaging your people of the Illinois to put themselves in condition to march when the time comes; you ought to put yourself in condition to march at their head when the reverend father1 tells you. But as he will be sufficiently occupied with care which he must take else- 1 Father Jean Enjalran, 1639-1718. He was assigned to the Ottawa mission in 1677 and served there as superior 1681-1688. He was attached to the Ottawa allies on Denonville's expedition. Jesuit Relations, 60:14-16, 105-147, 318; Rochemonteix, Us Jesuites et la Nouvelle-France, 3:192 n., 239 n., 480 n., 511-512 and n.

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86 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Vo. f assiez en sorte d'avoir aupres deluy quelqun de vos gens qui Vous portent Les nouvelles dont Vous aurez besoin. II est apropos q? Vo. soyez adverty que J'ordonne a M du Lhut, d'ocuper un poste avec cinquante hommes sur le detroit du Lac Erie qui Communique au Lac Huron, a fin de vo. prester la main en cas de besoin, et que vous aprochant du Lac Erie pour votre marche, Vos puissiez estre adverty par le Sr du Lhut de ce que Vous aurez a faire, en luy envoyant quelqun de votre part qui Vous raportera les nouvelles de ce que vous aurez a faire. Pour cela il faudra que, sans attendre aucun ordre, vos Illinois, marchent au petit printemps droit a la pointe du Lac Erie ou celuy que vous aurez envoye au Sr du Lhut vous apportera des nouvelles du temps qu'il faudra que Vos gens se trouvent au lieu que L'on vous marquera. Si M de Tonty est en estat de marcher a leur teste, estant connii d' Eux, cela ne pourroit faire qu'n tres bon Effet, et au cas que Le pauvre homme Eut pery dans son Voyage, c'est a vous Translation where it will be well for you so to do as to have one of your people near him to bring you the information which you will require. It is proper that you be informed that I am ordering Monsieur du Luth to take post with fifty men at the strait of Lake Erie, which communicates with Lake Huron, in order to assist you in case of need, and that, when you approach Lake Erie on your march, you can be informed by the Sieur du Luth of what you are to do, sending him someone on your part who will report to you information of what you are to do. . Therefore, it will be necessary for your Illinois to march, in the early spring without waiting for orders, directly to the end of Lake Erie where the men whom you will have sent to the Sieur du Luth will bring you information of the time at which it is necessary for your men to be at the place indicated to you. If Monsieur de Tonti is able to march at their head, as he is known to them it cannot but have a good effect, and, in the event that the poor man has perished on his journey, it is for you to find the man most capable of conducting this affair in the event

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DENONVILLE TO LA FOREST, JUNE, 1686 87 devoir celuy que vo. jugerez plus capable de la conduitte de cette affaire, au cas que vous Tie ptissiez pas Vous mesme y aler. Vous Scavez mon cher Mr de quelle consequence il est que cela ne soit point Ebruite. Je suis fort en peine comme je feray pour Vous faire tenir cette annee les fuzils que J'attends de France, je crains fort de n'avoir pas le temps de vous les envoyer, nous ferons cependant tout de notre mieux pour les faire rendre a Missillimakina, et de la Le Re P. les fera tenir a M. du Lhut au detroit. Voyla tout ce que je vous en puis mander, cependant si on avoit pu les Livrer a Niagara, cela auroit este bien plus Commode et plus seur: Mais Comme Je crois que Vous ferez dessendre cette annee quel-ques Canots chargez de Castors; et que vous envoyerez quelqu'n ala place du Pauvre M de Tonty s'il estoit mort, nous nous servi-rons de cette mesme voye pour Les Envoyer a Missillimakinac. Je souhaitterois fort que Vous pussiez voir cette annee Le Rd P. Anjelran lors qu'il sera de retour a Missillimakina, car par luy Vous apprenderiez beaucoup plus de choses que je ne vous en puis Translation that you yourself are unable to go. You know, my dear Monsieur, of what importance it is that nothing shall be noised abroad. I am much troubled as to how I can send you this spring the guns I am awaiting from France. I fear that there will not be time to send-them to you. However, we will do our very best to deliver them at Michillimackinac, and from there the reverend father will forward them to Monsieur du Luth at the strait. That is all that I can tell you; however, if it had been possible to deliver at Niagara it would have been more convenient and certain. But as I believe that you will send some canoes this year laden with beaver and that you will send someone to replace poor Monsieur de Tonti, if he should be dead, we shall use this opportunity of sending them to Michillimackinac. I sincerely hoped that you could see this year the Reverend Father Enjalran when he returns to Michillimackinac, for from him you would learn much more of things than I can write you. If that is not possible, you must at least take measures to get his letters.

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88 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tnander: Si cela ne se pouvoit pas, il f audroit du moins prendre des mesures pour avoir de ses Lettres. Mon inquietude est de sc.avoir si M Le chevalier de Tonty est arive a son fort en bonne sante; car il en a couni des bruits qui me font dela peine. Si il est mort, qui metterez vous pour Commander au fort en votre absence. Je suis persuade que Vous ferez de votre mieux, et que vo. ne vous Epargnerez pas pour accorder toutes choses; Je me recom-mande a vos bonnes graces, et vous prie de me croire tout a vous de tout mon Coeur. J'ay receu La Lettre que Vous m'avez Ecrit par Le Re P., Je m'attends bien d'en avoir d'autres de nous cet authomne, et que vous me manderez des nouvelles de vos Illinois. Translation I am very anxious to know whether Monsieur the Chevalier de Tonti has arrived at his fort in good health for reports are about that give me pain. If he is dead, whom will you place in command of the fort during your absence ? I am persuaded that you will do your best and that you will spare nothing in arranging everything. I recommend myself to your good graces with all my heart and beg you to believe me entirely yours. I have received the letter which you have written me by the reverend father. I am indeed expecting others from you this autumn in which you will write me the news of your Illinois.

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REPORT OF DENONVILLE, 1686 89 Summary of Letters of Denonville, 1686, with Replies1 A.N., C, C" A8:177v-180v extract; printed in part in N.Y.CD., 9:312 et seq. Je luy donne advis que Sa Mate envoye 300 fusils pour estre di-stribuez en don aux Sauvages qui serviront avec luy. Sa MatŁ a beaucoup d'lmpa-tience d'apprendre des nouvelles du Sr de la Salle qu'il fasse sc,avoir tout ce quil en apprendra, Et Sil revient ? qu il luy donne toute la protection dont il aura besoin. II a fait partir le Sr de Tonty pour aller assembler les Illinois, et luy a remis 150. fuzils pour en armer une partie. Cet officier a este jusqu'a l'em-boucheure de la riviere de Mis-sissipy pour chercher le Sr Dela Salle sans en avoir receu aucune nouvelle. II a Seulement appris en revenant que des Sauvages 1'-avoient veu a l'emboucheure de-la riviere des movilla qui est a 40. lieiies au nord de l'emboucheure du fleuve de Mississipy, ce quil en estoit party pour aller du coste du Sud. Ledt Tonty a ramene avec Luy deux chefs des Illinois qui ont promis que leur nation feroit son devoir contre les Iroquois. Translation I have advised him that his maj- "He has sent the Sieur de Tonti esty is sending 300 guns to be I to assemble the Illinois and has distributed as a gift to the In- 1 sent him 150 guns to arm a dians who will serve with him. portion of them. This officer has been to the mouth of the Mississippi River in order to find the Sieur1 de la Salle without having obtained 1 For memoir of the king in reply to this correspondence of 1686, see next document.

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90 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sa Mate Se reniet ? a luy de laisser aux gens du Sr de la Salle la distance quil estimera a propos au tour du fort de ces Illinois pour y faire la traicte a fin qu'ils puissent soustenir la depense de l'entretien de ce fort. A l'esgard du fort des Illinois appartenant aussy aud. Sr dela Salle. II croit a propos de laisser une distance de 5 lieues autour dans laquelle il n'y aye que les gens dud. Sr Dela Salle qui puissent faire la traitte pour leur donner moyen de soustenir la depense del'entretien de ce fort.1 His majesty is very impatient to hear the news of the Sieur de la Salle. Let him inform as to all he - learns, and if he returns let him give him all the protection he needs. Translation any news. He has only learned on his return that the Indians had seen him at the mouth of the Mobile ? River which is 40 leagues to the north of the mouth of the Mississippi which he had left to go to the south. The Sieur de Tonti has brought with him two Illinois chiefs who have promised that their nation will do its duty against the Iro-L quois. His majesty permits him to set aside an area about the fort of the Illinois in which the people of the Sieur de la Salle only may trade in order that they can meet the expense of maintaining this fort. With regard to the fort of the Illinois, granted also to the said Sieur de la Salle, he Denonville believes it desirable to leave a distance of five leagues about the fort in which only the people of the above Sieur de la Salle may trade in order to give them the means of meeting the expense of maintaining the fort.1 1 Denonville seems to have been determined that the trade of the Illinois be opened to all Frenchmen, despite the pleas of Tonti and La Forest, who claimed a monopoly. Archives nationales, Archives du ministere des colonies, CUA8:138T; also, ante, 79.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 91 The King to Denonville and Champigny, March 30, 1687* A.N., C, B13:16-34 C, extract; printed in part in N.Y.C.D., 9:322 a Versailles le 30? mars 1687. Le Roy a receu avec les Lettres des Srs Marqs de Denonville et de Champigny des 8. may, 8. 10. 11. 16 et 17. du mois de novembre derniers. Le memoire des raisons qui ont oblige ledt Sr De Denonville a establir un Pere Jesuite dans le Fort de Cataracoiiy La Liste des Ecclesiastiques qui sont a pnt en Canada et des Cures ou ils resident. L'Estat de distribution de 3m 11 dont Sa Mate fit fonds l'annee derniere pour la construction des Eglises de la Campagne. Celuy des depenses a faire pour soustenir la guerre contre les Iroquois. Translation Versailles, March 30, 1687 The king has received the following with the letters of the Sieurs Marquis de Denonville and de Champigny of May 8 and November 8, 10, 11, 16, and 17, last: The memoir stating the reasons which have obliged the said Sieur de Denonville to station a Jesuit father in Fort Cataraqui. The list of clergy who are at present in Canada and the cures in which they reside. The statement of the disposal of the 3,000 limes which his majesty gave last year for the construction of churches in the country. That of the expenses incurred to carry on the war against the Iroquois. 1 This dispatch is given at greater length than the others to indicate the jumble of subjects they normally contained. Practically all the various reprints from such dispatches simply single out the few paragraphs pertinent to the editor's purpose.

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92 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Le discours tenu par le Colonel Dunguent ausdits Iroquois. Une Lettre escrite par ce Colonel au Pere Lamberville1 Un memoire des droits des f ranc.ois sur tout le pals de l'ameri-que septentrionnale. Copie des ordres donnez audt Sr De Denonville au sujet de la guerre. Deux memoires sur les advantages du poste de Niagara. Les copies des lettres que led* Sr de Denonville a escrit aux Sr.s Du Luth et de la Durantaye.2 L'Information faite a la requeste du Sr Macari* contre le sr de st Basilic* Quelques lettres dudt Macari. Translation The conference held by Colonel Dongan with the said Iroquois. A letter written by this colonel to Father Lamberville.1 A memoir on the rights of the French to all of North America. Copies of the orders given to the said Sieur de Denonville on the subject of the war. Two memoirs on the advantages of the post of Niagara. Copies of the letters which the said Sieur de Denonville has written to the Sieurs du Luth and de la Durantaye.2 The information furnished at the request of the Sieur Macary* against the Sieur de St. Basile.4 Some letters of the said Macary. 'Jean de Lamberville, S. J., December 27, 1633-February 6, 1714. He came to Canada in 1669, was assigned to the Iroquois mission, of which he later became superior, and served there until 1687. He was for a time chaplain at Forts Frontenac and Niagara, but in 1688 he returned to Montreal. He served in the mission at the Sault St Louis in 1691, and the next year saw his return to France for service as procurator for the Canadian missions. For further biographical data see Jesuit Relations, 56:301. "These were the orders issued to Du Luth, La Durantaye, and Henri de Tonti for the campaign of 1687 against the Seneca. New York Colonial Documents, 9:283-284, 300. 'The Sieur de Macary, a captain of infantry, had been engaged in a particularly violent quarrel with Callieres, governor of Montreal. Canadian Archives, 1885, xlvi. *The returns of Fort Frontenac in 1684 indicate that he was at that time a lieutenant in the regular troops. New York Colonial Documents, 9:234.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 93 Une autre Information contre le sr De la Motte1 Lieutenant d'Une Compagnie. La Liste des officiers que led* Sr de Denonville a mene avec Luy. Un brouillon de la prairie de la Magdelaine.2 Le rescensement de la colonie. Copie des Reglemens f aits par ledt Sr de Denonville por em-pescher les coureurs de bois.8. Une Reqte pfitee par le nomme de la heronniere4 au subdelegue du Sr de Meules. Translation Another information lodged against the Sieur de la Mothe,1 lieutenant of a company. The list of the officers whom the said Sieur de Denonville has taken out with him. A rough sketch of Prairie de la Magdelaine.2 The census of the colony. Copy of the regulations made by the said Sieur de Denonville for the suppression of the coureurs de bois.3 A request presented by the person named De la Heronniere4 to the subdelegate of the Sieur de Meulles. 1 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, 1658-October 16, 1730. For biographical data see Dictionary of Canadian Biography; Jesuit Relations, 65:271-272; Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, vols. 33, 34, 35. 1 This was situated up the river from and quite close to Montreal. The "Relation" of 1670-1671 describes it as "a vast prairie, commonly called la prairie de la Magdelene, which is watered by the various windings of a little river of great beauty and abounding in all kinds of fish." Jesuit Relations, %)o loo, ' This regulation, dated January 29, 1686, provided that the local merchants were to furnish a statement of all goods sold to persons in the Indian trade. It furthermore provided that traders were to have neither more nor less than three voyageurs, or canoe men, to a canoe; at Mackinac they were to be subject to orders of La Durantaye; and they were to return with a certificate from Father Jean Enjalran, Jesuit missionary at Mackinac, testifying to their good behavior. Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 83. * Gilles Gibouin de la Heronniere, agent and director-general of the farm. The petition in question dealt with the right of the farmer of the Dominion of Canada to inquire into the trade of the Company of the North, active in the Hudson's Bay region. Denonville had ruled five days earlier that the Company of the North was, in the future, to be free from all interference on the part of the farmer. Ibid.

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94 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Une Lettre escrite par ledt De la Heronniere audt Sr de Denonville. Une autre requeste pntee par les habitans de Quebec audt Sr de Denonville. Le memoire du provenu de la distribution des 25. congez accordez en 1686. Un Modele desdt Congez. Sa MatŁ a Veu le memoire que ledt Sr de Denonville a envoye sur la plainte que les Recolects ont fait qu'il les avoit fait sortir du Fort de Cataracoiiy, Elle a approuve ce qu'il a fait en cette occasion, et puisqu'il a connu que la necessite du service deman-doit d'y mettre des Jesuites, II a pu le faire sans difficulte et en oster pour Un temps les Recolects nonobstant leur concession, mais il ne doit pas manquer de les y restablir aussytost que cette necessite cessera, Et Sa Mat.6 luy recommande aussy bien qu'audt Sr de Champigny de maintenir tousjours Une espece d'egalite Translation A letter written by the said De la Heronniere to the said Sieur de Denonville. Another request presented by the inhabitants of Quebec to the said Sieur de Denonville. A memoir relating to the distribution of the twenty-five conges granted in 1686. A form for the said conges. His majesty has seen the memoir which the said Sieur de Denonville has forwarded on the complaint which the Recollects have made relative to their expulsion from Fort Cataraqui. He has approved what has been done on this occasion, and as he has thought that the necessities of the service demanded that the Jesuits be stationed there, it has been possible to do it without difficulty and to remove the Recollects for a time notwithstanding their concession ; but he must not fail to reestablish them there as soon as the emergency ceases. His majesty recommends to him, as well as to the said Sieur de Champigny, to maintain always a measure of

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 95 entre toutes les communautez Religeuses qui sont a pnt en Canada, telle qu'ils n'excitent aucune jalousie entr'Elles.1 A l'esgard de la proposition que ledt Sr de Denonville ft de donner au Seminaire de Montreal la Direction de toutes les Cures qui sont depuis ladt Isle de Montreal jusqu'a Sorel Sa Mat.e en a remis la disposition a l'Evesq? comme d'Une chose qui est entierement de son ministere. Elle a este bien aise d'apprendre que les Peres Jesuites s'at-tachent a augmenter le nombre des Sauvages de la Prairie de la Magdelaine et de Sillery,2 Elle leur recommande de les exciter a en attirer tousjours le plus grand nombre qu'ils pourront et de leur faire sc.avoir qlle leur a accorde jusques a la somme de 1500H pour leur donner moyen de fournir la subsistance a ceux qui se viendront habituer en ces Lieux en attendant qu'ils ayent prepare la terre pour y semer du bled. Translation equality among all the religious orders at present in Canada so that they stir up no jealousy among them.1 Regarding the proposal which the said Sieur de Denonville makes of giving to the Seminary of Montreal the control of all the cures which lie between the said Isle of Montreal and Sorel, his majesty has referred their disposition to the bishop as something which is entirely within his province. He has been pleased to note that the Jesuit fathers are endeavoring to increase the number of Indians at Prairie de la Magdelaine and Sillery.2 He recommends that they encourage them to attract always as great a number as possible, and to let them know that he has allowed up to 1,500 litres in order to supply the means of furnishing subsistence for those who will go to live in these places until they have prepared the ground for the planting of wheat. 1 The Jesuit stationed at Fort Frontenac was Father Jean de Lamberville, who remained there until 1688. (See ante, 92 n. 1.) La Salle, hostile to the Jesuits, had entrusted the spiritual needs of Fort Frontenac to the Recollects. See J. G. Shea, The Catholic Church in Colonial Days, 321. * These were Jesuit mission colonies.

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96 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sa Maip a approuve la conduite que ledt Sr de Denonville a teniie a l'esgard des Iroquois, et les mesures qu'il a commence de prendre pour se mettre en estat de leur faire la guerre avec advantage, et apres avoir bien examine toutes les raisons portees par ses lettres, Elle a este convainciie de la necessite de cette guerre, Et pour cet effet Elle a donne depuis longtemps les ordres necessaires pour la preparation des troupes, armes et munitions dont ils pourront avoir besoin suivant les Estats et memoires qu'ils trouveront cy joint, a quoy Sa Mat.e n'a rien a adjouster si ce n'est qu'il est Important qu'ils mesnagent la depense avec Une telle oeconomie que le fonds qu'Elle Veut bien remettre puissent suffire pour mettre fin a cette guerre. Au reste Sa Mat? ne doute pas que led* S? de Denonville n'ayt pris les meilleures mesures qu'il soit possible de prendre pour mettre Une prompte fin a Une guerre qui Va estre aussy preju-diciable a la colonie et dont la duree seroit bien plus capable de detruire le pais que tout le mal que pourroient faire les Iroquois, Translation His majesty has approved the line of conduct that the said Sieur de Denonville has pursued with regard to the Iroquois and the steps which he has begun to take in order to put himself in a condition to carry on the war advantageously; and, after having carefully weighed all the reasons contained in his letters, he has been convinced of the necessity of this war. He has, sometime since, given the necessary orders for the preparation of the troops, arms, and munitions which they will require according to the estimates and memoirs which they will find hereto attached; to these his majesty has nothing to add unless it be that it is important that they manage the expense with such economy that the funds which he is pleased to remit be sufficient to carry the war to a conclusion. As for the rest, he does not doubt that the said Sieur de Denonville has taken the best measures possible to bring to a quick end a war which can be so detrimental to the colony and the continuance of which would be more capable of ruining the country than all the damage which the Iroquois might be able to do. But, as his majesty has amply explained his intentions both in the

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 97 mais comme Sa Mat? luy a amplement explique ses Intentions par rinstruction qu'Elle luy a donne, et par les lettres qu'Elle luy a escrit l'annee passee sur ce sujet, Elle ne doute point qu'il ne se soit fait Un principal point de son application de trouver les moy-ens d'entreprendre cette guerre avec seurete et de la faire finir en tres peu de temps. Sa Mate a approuve la convocation que ledt Sr de Denonville a faite des nations Iroquoises a Cataracoiiy pour faire en sorte de retirer le Pere de Lamberville, et en cas que cela n'ayt pas reiissy, il est necessaire de prendre des mesures pour empescher qu'il ne reste expose a la fureur de ces Sauvages. a l'esgard des pretentions des anglois dans l'amerique Sep-tentrionnale, Sa Mat.e a approuve que ledt Sr de Denonville ayt envoye Un memoire des droits qu'Elle a sur la meilleure partie de ce pais, Et Elle est bien aise de leur faire SQavoir a cet esgard qu'Elle doit nommer Incessamment des commas Lesquels avec d'autres que Le Roy d'angleterre doit aussy nommer de sa part Translation instructions which he has given to him and in the letters he has written to him on this subject during the past year, he does not doubt but that he himself may make it an essential condition of his industry to find the means of carrying on this war with steadfastness and of concluding it in a very short time. His majesty has approved the council which the said Sieur de Denonville has held with the Iroquois nation at Cataraqui in an effort to rescue Father Lamberville; and, in case that has not been successful, it is necessary to take measures to prevent his being left exposed to the fury of the Indians. With regard to the pretensions of the English in North America, his majesty has approved the said Sieur de Denonville's sending a memoir on the rights which his majesty has to the greater part of that country; and he is pleased to let them know, with regard to this matter, that he will name immediately the commissioners who will work with others whom the king of England will name, on his behalf, in executing the said treaty of neutrality for putting an end to all the disputes which there may be at present

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98 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS travailleront en execution dudt traitte de neutralite a terminer toutes les contestations qu'il y peut avoir a pfit entre les franqois et les anglois sur les pais qui appartiennent aux deux Roys en amerique, et Elle fera remettre ce memoire a ses commres pour s'en servir dans la discution qu'ils auront a f aire avec ceux d'angle-terre sur ce sujet.1 a l'esgard des entreprises que les anglois font pour empescher le commerce des Francois et pour l'attirer chez Eux, II faut que lesd? Sr.s de Denonville, et de Champigny s'attendent qu'il n'y aura que leur Industrie et l'application qu'ils donneront a faire garder les passages qui puissent maintenir les sujets de Sa mate dans le commerce qu'ils ont accoustume de faire avec les Sauvages, estant certain qu'on aura tousjours les anglois contraires, et que ces Sauvages aymeroient mieux traitter avec eux qu'avec les Francois par l'advantage qu'ils y trouvent en Vendant leurs marchan-dise plus chere aux anglois.2 Translation between the French and the English over the lands which the two kings hold in America. He will send this memoir to his commissioners in order to assist them in the discussion which they will have with those of England on this subject.1 With regard to the efforts of the English to destroy the trade of the French and to attract it to their own posts, it is necessary that the said Sieurs de Denonville and de Champigny bear in mind that it will only be their industry and application that will preserve the routes which maintain his majesty's subjects in the trade which they have been accustomed to carry on with the Indians, being certain that they will always have the English opposed to them, and that the Indians would rather trade with them than with the French for the gain that they find in selling their goods more dearly to the English.* 1 This memoir traces historically the basis of the claim of both England and France to the various portions of North America. New York Colonial Documents, 9:303-305. 'The following differences in prices existed in the Indian trade at Montreal and Albany in 1689 The Indian pays for: at Albany at Montreal 8 pounds of powder one beaver four A gun two " five

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 99 Sa Matf voit par tout ce que ledt Sr de Denonville escrit qu'il estime fort important de faire des forts dans les differents en-droits du pals que les francpis occupent, Elle convient avec luy qu'il y en a de si advantageux et disposez de maniere au passage des Sauvages qu'il est Impossible de se dispenser d'en faire la depense, mais Sa Mat.6 craint avec raison qu'il ne se porte a entreprendre en mesme temps La construction de plusieurs forts, ce qui causeroit Une depense que sa Mat.6 ne veut point faire principalement en ce temps dans lequel la necessite de la guerre qu'il Va entreprendre contre les Iroquois a oblige Sa MatjS de faire des fonds beaucoup plus considerables que ceux qu'Elle a accoustume de faire pour les depenses du Canada, ainsy Sa Mat? luy recommande d'observer deux choses a cet esgard, l'Une de n'entreprendre chaque annee que la construction d'un Fort et de Translation His majesty sees from all that the said Sieur de Denonville writes that he deems it to be very necessary to build forts in the different parts of the country that the French occupy. He agrees with him that they are so advantageous and so located as to control the routes of the Indians that it is impossible to avoid incurring this expense; but his majesty dislikes his undertaking the construction of several forts at the same time which would occasion an expense that his majesty does not wish to incur, especially at a time when the necessities of the war which he is preparing to carry on against the Iroquois have obliged his majesty to provide funds much more considerable than he has been accustomed to for the expenses of Canada. Therefore his majesty recommends two things in this regard: first, to undertake each year the construction of only one fort and to begin with those which are 40 pounds of lead one beaver thre« A blanket of red cloth one " two A white blanket one " two 4 shirts one " two 6 pairs of stockings one " two The English were known to pay six quarts of rum for a beaver, while the French failed to give even one. Furthermore, the English did not discriminate as to quality, allowing the same rate for all beaver. New York Colonial Documents, 9:408-409.

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100 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS commencer par ceux qu'il trouvera les plus necessaires L'autre de ne faire que des bastimens legers dans les forts qu'il fera con-struire et tels qu'ils soient seulement a couvert d'Insulte de la part des Sauvages, Veu qu'il n'y a rien a craindre d'aucune puissance qui soit capable de former Un Siege, ainsy Une simple mu-raille percee de creneaux avec Un fosse mediocre et des palissades en dehors sont les seules fortifications qu'il doit admettre dans le pais ou il commande, Cependant Sa Mate sera bien aise qu il luy envoye des plans de tous les postes qu'il trouvera a propos de fortifier et des devis des ouvrages qu'il estime necessaire d'y faire. a l'esgard des ouvriers il est difficile que Sa Mate puisse en envoyer de france le nombre necessaire, mais ils en trouveront parmy les soldats qui composent les troupes qui leur sont en-voyees, et si avec ceux la ils en ont besoin de ceux du pais, comme ces fortifications ne se font que pour la seurete commune de la Colonie, et pour maintenir Le commerce de ceux qui la composent, Sa Mat.e approuve qu'il les oblige d'y travailler en leur faisant Translation most necessary; secondly, to build only light works in the forts which he will construct such that they may merely be a shelter against attacks on the part of the Indians. Considering that he has nothing to fear from any force which would be capable of carrying on a siege, a single wall pierced for musketry with a moderately deep ditch and a stockade are the only fortifications he ought to construct in the country where he commands. Meanwhile, his majesty will be pleased to have him send plans of all the posts which he will find it desirable to fortify, along with an estimate of the work which he deems necessary to carry them out. With regard to workmen, it is difficult for his majesty to send the required number from France, but they will find some among the soldiers of the troops which were sent to them; and if, in addition to those, they require some from the country as these fortifications are only being built for the common safety of the colony and to maintain the trade of its inhabitants his majesty approves his compelling them to work, furnishing simply what they require for sustenance. It would not be just that in an

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 101 fournir simplement de quoy Vivre, n'estant pas juste que dans Une necessite parlle ils se fassent payer le besoin. qu'on a d'eux aussy cherement qu'ils ont accoustume de faire, a l'esgard des particuliers qui les employent, Cependant Sa Mat? a donne ordre a l'ordonnateur de Rochefort de leur envoyer quatre ou cinq macons avec Une Vingtaine de manoeuvres par les Vaisss qui porteront les troupes. Sa Mate n'a aucune connoissance de la pretention du colonel d'Unguent sur les 25m U qu'il pretend luy estre deues en France ainsy Elle n'a rien a, luy dire la dessus. Elle est persuadee de la necessite qu'il y a de ne point tirer la guerre en longueur, Et Elle espere que par les bonnes mesures que ledt Sr de Denonville a prises il l'a terminera dans le cours d'Une annee, Et il sera en estat de le faire avec les troupes qu'il aura, scavoir huict cens soldats qui sont desja en Canada et Un pareil nombre que Sa Mate luy envoye sans compter les habitans, et avec le secours d'armes et munitions qu'EUe fait passer a Quebec. Translation emergency like this they, taking advantage of the situation, insist on being paid so dearly as they are accustomed when they are employed by private persons. However, his majesty has given orders to the director at Rochefort to send them four or five masons with a score of helpers by the vessels which will bring the troops. His majesty has no knowledge of the claims of Colonel Dongan on the 25,000 livres which he claims to be due to him in France; hence he has nothing to say to him relative to it. His majesty is persuaded of the necessity of not prolonging the war, and he hopes that, through the good measures taken by the said Sieur de Denonville, it will be terminated during the course of the year. He will be in a position to do it with the troops which he will have, to wit, 800 soldiers who are already in Canada and a like number which his majesty sends him not counting the inhabitants and with the help of the arms and munitions which he has sent to Quebec. With regard to the funds which the said Sieurs de Denonville and de Champigny request amounting to 168,000 livres, his

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102 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS A l'esgard des fonds q. lesd? Sr.s de Denonville et de Cham-pigny demandent montant a 168«P tt, Sa MatŁ en fera employer 30«p en France a l'achapt des munitions dont ils ont besoin, quant aux autres 138«P tt monnoye de Canada qui se reduisent a 103qi U monnoye de France, Sa Mat.e en fit remettre l'annee derniere, Et Elle leur envoye a pfit les 53n* tt restantes. Sa Matje a Veu le memoire que ledt Sr de Denonville a envoye des mesures qu'il a prises et des ordres qu'il a donnez pour la Campagne prochaine, Elle les a approuvez et Elle ne doute point que le succes ny responde et qu'il ne soit aussy favorable qu'Elle le doit attendre, n'ayant affaire qu'a des sauvages qui n'ont aucune experience d'Une guerre reglee, et qu'au contraire ceux qu'il pourra ramasser estant conduits par Un homme aussy capable et aussy experimente que luy seront d'Une grande Utilite, Et enfin Elle s'attend d'apprendre dans la fin de cette annee la mine entiere de la plus grande partie de ces Sauvages; Et comme il en pourra faire plusieurs prisonniers et que Sa Mat? estime qu'Elle pourroit Translation majesty will use 30,000 livres of this amount in France for the purchase of the munitions which they will require. As for the other 138,000 livres currency of Canada, which reduces to 103,000 livres, French currency, his majesty remitted it last year, and he now sends them the balance of 53,000 livres. ¦ His majesty has seen the memoir which the said Sieur de Denonville has sent relating to the measures which he has taken and the orders which he has given for the coming campaign. He has approved them, and he does not doubt that success will be assured and that it may be as favorable as he could expect, having only to fight against savages who have no experience in regular warfare; and that, on the contrary, those whom he will be able to collect being led by a man so capable and so experienced as himself, they will be of great use. In short, he expects to learn at the end of this year of the complete destruction of the greater part of the Indians. As he will be able to take a great number of prisoners, and as his majesty believes that he will be able to use them in his galleys, he wishes that he make an effort to keep them until he

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 103 s'en servir sur ses galeres, Elle veut ql fasse en sorte de les garder jusques a ce qu'il y ayt des Vaiss* qui repassent en france, et il pourra mesme envoyer par le retour des Vaisseaux de Sa Mate qui doivent porter les soldats, ceux qui auront este pris avant le depart de ces Vaisseaux. Sa Mate approuve que ledt sr de Denonville ayt ordonne au Sr Du Luth auquel il a confie la garde du detroit du Lac Erie de faire passer par les armes les francois qui auront deserte de la Colonie, estant certain qu'il n'y a rien de si Important que de faire des exemples de ces francois pour empescher la suitte de ces desertions, Et Sa Mate a fait expedier l'ordonnance qu'ils trouveront cy jointe pour deffendre a tous ses sujets qui sont dans a nouvelle France de s'aller habituer chez les nations voisines a peine de la Vie. Sa Mate a Veu ce que ledt Sr de Denonville escrit au sujet de cinq deserteurs que les Iroquois du Village des onontagnez ont ramene a Cataracoiiy, et pour lesquels ils ont demande grace; Et Translation has vessels going back to France; and he will be able to send on the return voyages of his majesty's ships which carry out the troops, those prisoners who may have been taken before the sailing of the vessels. His majesty has approved that the said Sieur de Denonville has ordered the Sieur du Luth, to whom he has given the command of the garrison at Detroit of Lake Erie, to shoot such French as flee from the colony, being certain that nothing is so important to prevent the continuance of such desertions as to make examples of those Frenchmen; and his majesty has had prepared an ordinance which he will find hereto attached to prohibit on pain of death any of his subjects in New France from going to live among the neighboring nations. His majesty has seen what the said Sieur de Denonville writes on the subject of the five deserters whom the Iroquois of the village of the Onondaga have delivered up at Cataraqui, and for whom they have requested pardon; and, although the crime of desertion be severely punishable in a country such as that,

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104 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS quoy que le crime de desertion soit fort punissable dans Un pais comme celuy-la, Sa Mate se remet a Luy de ce qu'il estimera convenable suivant l'occurrence, mais il doit seulement prendre garde que l'esperance de l'lmpunite ne mette la desertion parmy les troupes, Veu que les soldats n'estant pas accoustumez a ce pais, et y rendant Un service difficile, pourroient facilement prendre le party de passer chez les anglois s'ils n'estoient retenus par la crainte du chastiment. Sa Mate approuve qu'il ayt fait partir le sr de Tonty pour aller assembler les Islinois, et qu'il luy ayt donne 150. fuzils pour armer partie de ces Sauvages; Et comme Elle est bien aise de les attirer par quelques presens, Elle luy envoye trois cens fusils pour les distribuer en don a ces sauvages comme il estimera a propos. Elle envoye encore 500. fusils pour armer les hans, mais comme son Intention est qu'on en retire la Valeur, Elle fait retenir sur les fonds a remettre en Canada, La somme de 55OOW son Intention estant que ledt Sr De Champigny ayt soin d'en faire faire le recouvrement sur ceux a qui ces armes seront delivrees. Translation his majesty refers it to him to do what he thinks proper under the circumstances. Only he must be careful lest the hope of escaping punishment should start desertion among the troops, seeing that the soldiers, not being accustomed to that country, and being on difficult service, would readily take the opportunity to go off to the posts of the English if they were not restrained by the fear of punishment. His majesty approves that he has sent off the Sieur de Tonti in order to assemble the Illinois, and that he has given him 150 firelocks in order to arm a part of the Indians; and as he wishes to attract them by some presents, he is sending him 300 muskets for distribution to the Indians as a gift as he may think proper. He sends another 500 muskets in order to arm the habitants, but, as it is his intention that their value be recovered, he has taken the sum of 5,500 livres out of the funds which he has sent to Canada, his intention being that the said Sieur de Champigny take care to recover this sum from those to whom these arms will be delivered.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 105 Elle a este bien aise d'apprendre le voyage que ledt Sr de Tonty a fait a l'embouchure du fleuve de Mississipi mais Elle auroit souhaitte qu'Elle eust pu y apprendre des nouvelles du sr De la salle, ayant beaucoup d'Inquietude de sgavoir ce que son entreprise est devenue, Et Elle Veut que s'il revient ils luy donnent toute sorte de protection La precaution que ledt Sr de Denonville prend au sujet du commandement des differents postes qu'il pourra occuper pendant la guerre a paru bonne a Sa Mate, Et Elle luy envoye 4. ordres blanc pour s'en servir en cas de besoin, et les remplir des noms des officiers qu'il estimera plus capables de commander dans ces postes. a l'esgard du commandement gnal des troupes sous ses ordres Sa Mat? la donne au Sr ch: de Vaudreuil,1 Et quoy qu'elle soit Translation He has been pleased to learn of the voyage which the said Sieur de Tonti has made to the mouth of the Mississippi River, but he would have wished for news of the Sieur de la Salle, being very anxious to know how his undertaking is progressing, and he wishes that if he returns he be given every protection. The caution which the said Sieur de Denonville observes in the matter of the command of the different posts which he will be able to occupy during the war, has appeared good to his majesty, and he sends him four orders, in blank, to be used in case of emergency, and to be filled with the names of the officers whom he shall deem most capable of commanding in these posts. Regarding the general command of the troops under his orders, his majesty has given this post to the Sieur Chevalier de Vaudreuil,1 and although he is convinced by the good accounts 1 Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, 1640-October 10, 172S. He came to Canada in 1687 as commander of the French troops in the colony, became governor of Montreal in 1698, and from 1703, when Callieres died, until his own death in 1725, he served as governor for Canada. During his term of office as governor, charges made against him included that of profiting from the illegal fur trade of the colony. The numerous relations of Madame Vaudreuil made him an object of suspicion on the part of the king; and many of the misfortunes which befell the colony were blamed on the influence of his wife over him. Dictionary of Canadian Biography; Shortt, Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance during the French Period, 1:127-129 n.; Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, 33:307-308.

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106 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS persuadee par les bonnes relations qu'Elle a eu de cet officier, qu'il s'acquittera dignement de cet Employ, Cependant Sa Ma# veut qu'il luy rende compte de la maniere avec laquelle il servira. Pour ce qui est de la conduite de la guerre, et du commande-ment du pais, en cas qu'il Vinst faute dudit Sr De Denonville, Sa matje luy envoye les ordres necessres pour y pourvoir, Cependant Elle approuve qu'il mene le sr ch: de Callieres avec Luy dans l'expedition qu'il doit fre contre les Iroquois, Elle luy envoye Un ordre pour donner audt Sr de Callieres le commandement pendant la Capagne des troupes et des milices en l'absence dudt Sr de Denonville et sous son authorite en sa presence. a l'esgard des contestations qu'il y a entre les offers qui com-mandent les troupes, sur leur rang, Sa Mat? est bien aise de luy dire que son Intention est que leur anciennete se regie par la datte de leurs commissions de Capnes dans les troupes de terre, Et quant aux Enseignes de Vaisseaux qui commandent des Com-pagnies et qui n'ont pas este Capnes d'Infanterie, Elle pretend Translation which he has had of this officer that he will acquit himself creditably in this position, nevertheless, his majesty wishes to be given an account of the manner in which he serves. As to who is to conduct the war and govern the country in case the said Sieur de Denonville is incapacitated, his majesty sends him the necessary orders for this contingency. Meanwhile he approves his taking the Sieur Chevalier de Callieres with him on the expedition which he must lead against the Iroquois. He sends him an order to give to the said Sieur de Callieres the command of the troops and militia during the campaign in the absence of the said Sieur de Denonville but under the authority of the latter while he is present. Regarding the quarrels over rank which are taking place among the officers commanding the troops, his majesty is glad to say that it is his intention that their seniority be determined by the dates of their commissions as captains in the army, and as for the ensigns of the fleet who are commanding companies and who have not been captains of infantry, he intends that they rank from

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 107 qu'ils tiennent rang du jour et datte de leurs Brevets, De sorte qu'Un Enseigne de Vaisseau marche devant ceux qui auront este faits Capnes d'Infanterie apres le temps de la datte de son Brevet, en observant que ceux desd. Enseignes qui auront este Capnes prennent rang par leurs commions de Capnes Ledt Sr de Denonville a bien fait de ne pas remettre au major de Montreal la commission qui luy avoit este envoyee pour y commander en l'absence dudt Sr ch: de Callieres puis qu'il ne Ten estitne pas capable, Et Elle auroit donne ce commandement au Sr Prevost1 major de Quebec sans les advis qu'elle a receu de sa mauvaise conduite, Et Sa Mate est bien aise de leur faire sqavoir qu'EUe a este Informee que cet officier pendant qu'il a eu la conduite du travail du magazin a poudre a fait recevoir par Un Valet qu'il faisoit servir de manoeuvre la paye de magon et qu'il a fait plusieurs fournitures sous le nom de differents ouvriers, Et Translation the day and date of their brevets. Thus a naval ensign takes precedence over those who may have been made captains of infantry after the date of his brevet, while those of the ensigns who have been captains, take rank by their commissions as captains. The said Sieur de Denonville has done well not to send to the major of Montreal the commission which had been sent to him to command in the absence of the said Sieur Chevalier de Callieres, inasmuch as he does not believe him capable; and the king would have given this command to the Sieur de Prevost,1 major of Quebec, but for the account which he has received of his bad conduct ; and his majesty is pleased to let him know that he has been informed that this officer, while he had the direction of the work on the powder magazine, had caused a workman who was serving as a mason's helper to receive the pay of a mason, and that he has made numerous payments under the names of different workmen. As 'Francois Prevost, 1638-1702. He commanded at Quebec, probably 1675-1690. Denonville says of him, "without contradiction, he is the honest-est, the most upright, and the least selfish, person I have found in the country; up to this time he is the only officer I have seen who has not meddled in any commerce, nor been mixed up with any of the past quarrels, having attended only to his duty." New York Colonial Documents, 9:328; Jesutt Relations, 62:273.

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108 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS comme un pareil procede seroit punissable s'il estoit avere, Sa Mate veut qu'ils s'en Informent exactement, et qu'ils luy en fassent sgavoir la Verite. Elle est bien aise d'apprendre que le sr Dorvilliers1 auquel ledt Sr de Denonville a confie le commandement du fort de Cata-rouy s'acquitte bien de son devoir, Elle luy a accorde 50OT de gratification cette annee, Et Elle a bien voulu donner sa compagnie a son fils. Elle approuve qu'il ayt renvoye le sr Macari en France, Et Elle la exclud de la demande qu'il a f aite de retourner en Canada, Sa Mat.e a mesme dispose de sa compagnie en faveur du sr de Rameze2 dont ledt sr de Denonville rend Un compte advantageux. Sa Mate estime que la punition que ledt Sr de Denonville a Translation such a proceeding should be punished if it were proved, his majesty wishes that they inform themselves precisely and that they let him know the truth of this. He is greatly pleased to note that the Sieur d'Orvilliers,1 to whom the said Sieur de Denonville has entrusted the command of Fort Cataraqui, has acquitted himself creditably in his position. He grants him this year a gift of 500 livres, and he has been greatly pleased to give his company to his son. He approves his sending the Sieur de Macary back to France, and he denies his request to return to Canada. His majesty, at the same time, disposes of his company in favor of the Sieur de Ramezay,8 of whom the said Sieur de Denonville gives so favorable an account. His majesty feels that the punishment which the Sieur de 'Francois Chord, Sieur de St. Romain, called d'Orvilliers (1639-1709), came to Canada about 1660. 1 Claude de Ramezay (1657-August 1, 1724) came to Canada in 1685 as a lieutenant in the troops of the marine, was made captain in 1687, ranking senior captain from April 28, 1697, commandant of troops in 1699, and knight of St Louis in 1703. From May, 1704, until 1723, he was governor of Montreal. Two of these years, 1714-1716, in the absence of Vaudreuil, he administered the government for the whole colony. Dictionary of Canadian Biography; Shortt, Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance during the French Period, 1:143 n.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 109 faite en Canada du nomme St Bazile Lieutenant dudt Macari suffit, Et affin qu'ils soient Informez des Intentions de Sa Mate sur tous les differends qui arrivent, tant a l'esgard des officiers que des autres, Elle leur envoye copie des ordonnances qui ont este rendues sur ce sujet qu'Elle Veut qu'ils fassent enregistrer au greffe du conseil souverain, pour y avoir recours en toutes occasions A l'esgard des offers que ledt Sr de Denonville sera oblige d'Interdire, l'lntention de Sa Mat.e est qu'il les fasse rester dans le pais en attendant des ordres de sa part, a moins qu'il n'y eust des cas pour lesquels il fust necessaire de les renvoyer pour le bien de la Colonie. Quant aux Employs qui viendront a Vacquer par mort ou autrement, Sa MatŁ luy envoye Un pouvoir pour les remplir des officiers qu'il en estimera plus capables. Et Elle veut que ceux qu'Elle y aura commis en fassent les fonctions jusqu'a ce que Sa Mate les ayt confirmez, ou ql}e y ayt pourveu. Translation\ Denonville has meted out in Canada to the person named St. Basile, lieutenant of the said Macary, is sufficient; and in order that he may be informed of his majesty's intentions on all differences which arise, as much regarding the officers as the others, he is sending him copies of the ordinances which have been issued on this subject, which he wishes them to register with the clerk of the Sovereign Council in order that they may have recourse to them on all occasions. Regarding the officers whom the said Sieur de Denonville will be obliged to suspend, it is his majesty's intention that they remain in the country awaiting orders from him, unless it is necessary to send them back for the good of the colony. As for the ranks which shall have become vacant through death or otherwise, his majesty sends him the necessary authority to fill these from the officers whom he believes most capable; and he wishes that those whom he may assign shall perform their duties until his majesty has confirmed them or has filled the vacancies.

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110 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS II a bien fait de menacer le nomine Dauch Lieutenant du Sr Descloches de le faire casser s'il ne changeoit de conduite et 1'Intention de Sa Mate est en gnal qu'il tienne la main a ce que tous les officiers Vivent dans l'ordre: Sa Mat? ne renvoyera pas en Canada le sr de Chaufourt1 a l'esgard du sr De la Motte, comme l'affaire qu'il a eue n'est qu'Un effect de cholere, et qu'on a asseure Sa Mat.e que c'est Un bon officier, Elle a bien voulu le renvoyer dans le pais pour servir en la mesme qualite ql avoit, apres avoir fait Une satisfaction convenable a l'officier qu'il a maltrairte, surquoy Sa Mat.e se remet a ce que ledt Sr de Denonville estimera a propos. Sa Mate a Veu ce que ledt Sr de Denonville a escrit au sujet des offers du Regiment de Carignan qui sont establis en Canada, Elle a fait choix du Sr de St Louis pour commander Une com-pagnie de nouvelle levee, et Elle luy envoye Un ordre en blanc pour Translation He has done well to threaten the person named Dauch, lieutenant of the Sieur Desloches, with reduction to the ranks if he does not alter his conduct. It is, in general, the intention of his majesty that he maintain discipline over all the officers serving under him. His majesty will not send the Sieur de Chaufours1 back to Canada out of respect for the Sieur de la Mothe. As this affair was only the result of irascibility, and as his majesty has been assured that he is a good officer, he has wished to send him back to the country to serve in the same capacity as formerly, after having made suitable satisfaction to the officer whom he illtreated. His majesty defers herein to what the said Sieur de Denonville will think proper. His majesty has seen what the said Sieur de Denonville has written on the subject of the officers of the Carignan Regiment who are stationed in Canada. He has chosen the Sieur de St. Louis to command a company in the new levy, and he sends him 1 Louis d'Amours, Sieur des Chaufours, Seignior de Jemsec, was baptized May 16, 16SS, and died May 9, 1708. Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, 33:308 n.; Tanguay, Dictionnaire.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 111 Un autre de ces officiers pour Un pareil commandement, Elle a accorde pareillement la Lieutenance de chauf our au Sr de Sabre-voir,1 et celle qui Vaque par l'advancement du Sr de Ramezay au Sr de Louvigny.2 A l'esgard des officiers surnumeraires Sa Mat? approuve qu'il les ayt fait reconnoistre pour sous Lieutenans, et ql ayt trouve le moyen de leur mesnager sur les hautes payes quinze sols par jour a chacun; Et comme Elle estime necessaire d'augmenter le nombre des officiers dans les compagnies qu'Elle envoye, Elle y a Incorpore des Capnes et des Lieutenans ref ormez, Et Elle espere Translation an order, in blank, for another officer for a like command. He has granted, also, the lieutenancy of Chaufours to the Sieur de Sabrevois,1 and that made vacant by the promotion of the Sieur de Ramezay to the Sieur de Louvigny.2 Regarding the officers without commands, his majesty approves that he has found recompense for the sublieutenants and that he has found the means of providing for them on half-pay at fifteen sols each per day; and as he thinks it necessary to increase the number of officers in the companies which he is sending, he has 1This is evidently Jacques Charles de Sabrevois de Bleury, lieutenant, who succeeded La Forest to the command of Detroit in 1714, and remained at that post until 1717. Jesuit Relations, 69:298; Kellogg, French Regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest, 282. * Louis de la Porte, Sieur de Louvigny, 1652-1725. In 1690 he was sent to command at Mackinac, where he rendered good service and proved himself particularly adept at managing the Indians. Recalled in 1694, he spent the next years as an officer in the Iroquois war. In 1699 he was placed in command at Fort Frontenac, but a charge of illegal trading brought about his recall the next spring and the confiscation of his furs. In 1701 the king ordered that the remainder of the proceeds of the furs in question be turned over as a gift to the Hotel Dieu, and Louvigny be removed from his position as major at Three Rivers, an appointment he had received meanwhile. He was allowed to retain the captaincy of his company, and in 1703 he was named major of Quebec. In 1705 he was sent to Mackinac to bring back certain Iroquois taken as prisoners from Fort Frontenac Pontchartrain disapproved that commission because of his unfavorable trade record. In 1716 he was again in the northwest charged that time with the prosecution of the Fox war. Returning from a visit to France, he lost his life in August, 1725, in a shipwreck near Louisburg. Wisconsin Historical Collections, 5:65-85, 108-110; 16: passim; New York Colonial Documents, 9:714, 766, 777; Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, 33: passim; Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 100, 355.

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112 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS que ledt Sr de Denonville pourra les employer Utilement dans les occasions II seroit a desirer que les officiers qui Veulent se marier en Canada pussent y faire des establissemens advantageux a la Colonie, mais quoy qu'ils ne soient pas tous en cet estat, II n'y a nulle raison de les en empescher, II paroist mesme a Sa Mat.e qu'il est Utile a la colonie de leur donner cette permission pour augt?r le nombre des habitans, Et Elle estime seulement necessre d'obliger ceux qui se Voudront marier a prendre de nouvelles concessions pour les deffricher afin de trouver dans la suitte leur subsistance dans le pais mesme. * Sa Mate approuve qu'ils ayent fait retenir sur la solde des sol-dats qui ont este a Cataracoiiy le pain et le lard qui leur a este fourny, Et Elle desire qu'ils fassent la mesme chose pendant la campagne prochaine lorsql.s feront fournir du pain de munition, du lard, et de l'eau de Vie aux troupes, Et comme ces Vivres ont Translation incorporated in them the half-pay captains and lieutenants, and he hopes that the said Sieur de Denonville will be able to employ them usefully. It would be desirable if the officers who wish to marry in Canada be able to settle down there to the advantage of the colony; and even if they are not all in that condition there is no reason for preventing them. It even appears to his majesty that it is useful to the colony to give them this permission in order to increase the numbers of the inhabitants; and he deems it especially necessary to compel those who wish to marry to take new grants in order to clear the ground to find, in the future, a living in that country. * * His majesty approves that they have withheld from the pay of the soldiers who have been stationed at Cataraqui the value of the bread and bacon which has been furnished to them; and he desires that they do likewise in the approaching campaign when they will be furnishing hard-bread, bacon, and brandy to the

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 113 desja este payez par Sa Matf, cela fera un revenant bon sur la paye de ces soldats dont Sa Mate desire que le Sr de Champigny luy envoye des comptes exacts. Elle a este Un peu surprise qu'ils n'ayent envoye aucun compte de la depense des 50m U qui furent remises en Canada l'annee derniere, Et Elle leur recommande, et particulierement audt Sr de Champigny de ne pas manquer d'envoyer des Estats exacts de l'Employ des fonds qui ont este faits jusqu'a pnt pour la depense de la guerre. Elle attend les cartes que le Sr de Villeneuve1 a fait du fort et de la Ville de Quebek, des environs de ce lieu, et de 1'Isle d' Orleans, Elle Veut qu'ils l'excitent a les finir, et a les envoyer Translation troops; and as these provisions have already been paid for by his majesty, it will make a deduction from the pay of the soldiers, of which his majesty desires that the Sieur de Champigny send him an exact account. He has been a little surprised that they have not sent any accounting of the expenditure of the 50,000 livres which were sent to Canada last year, and he enjoins them, particularly the said Sieur de Champigny, not to fail to send an exact statement of the use which they have made, up to the present, of these funds for the expense of the war. He is awaiting the charts which the Sieur de Villeneuve1 has made of the fort and city of Quebec, of the environs of that place, and of the Isle d'Orleans. He wishes that they stir him up to 'Villeneuve was reputed to be a good military engineer and seems to have been selected by Vauban for service in America. He drew plans for the fortification of various posts, including Niagara, and proposed, in 1687, a plan for surrounding Montreal and other towns with walls. This was not done, however, until later, owing to the chronic shortage of funds. He did not get on well with Denonville, who wrote of him, "Our Engineer is a fool, a rake and a debauchee who must be tolerated because we have need of him." In May, 1689, he was superseded by Jean Baptiste Franquelin, who gained fame as a cartographer. New York Colonial Documents, 9:329, 339, 342-343, 369, 1005; Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement 284, 285; see also Post, 137.

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114 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Incessamment, Et Elle a accorde audit Villeneuve 60011 de gratification en consideration des depenses que ledt Sr De Denonville asseure qu'il a fait pour la levee de ces Cartes Quoy que Sa Mate soit bien aise que ces cartes soient achevees Incessamment, cependant comme la conduite des travaux est preferable a cet ouvrage, Sa Mate Veut que ledt Sr de Denonville y employe ledt Villeneuve par preference jusqu'a ce qu'EUe luy ayt envoye quelque autre Ingenieur Sa Mate a examine le rescensement de la Colonie que ledt Sr de Denonville luy a envoye, et Elle a este surprise de Voir qu'il y ayt eu moins de terres en labeur en l'annee 1686. qu'en 1685. et qu'il y ayt eu si peu d'augmentation sur le nombre des sauvages habituez parmy les f ran§, Cependant il n'y a rien de plus considerable, tant pour la Religion que pour le service de Sa Mate que de faire en sorte par toute sorte de moyens d'en accroistre le nombre, rien n'estant plus convenable que d'acquerir de nouveaux sujets a Translation complete them and send them immediately; and he grants to the said Villeneuve a gift of 600 livres in consideration of the expense which the said Sieur de Denonville assures him that he has incurred for the preparation of these charts. Though his majesty is glad to have these charts completed immediately, nevertheless, as the direction of the construction work is preferable to this task, his majesty wishes that the said Sieur de Denonville employ the said Villeneuve at it until he has sent him some other engineer. His majesty has examined the census of the colony, which the said Sieur de Denonville has sent him, and he has been surprised to see that there has been less land under cultivation in the year 1686 than in 1685, and that there has been so little increase in the numbers of the Indians living among the French; yet there is nothing more important both for religion and for the service of his majesty as to increase the population in general, by all possible means, nothing being more proper than the acquisition of new

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 115 Sa Mate sans qu'il en couste rien au Royaume, et rien ne pouvant plus contribuer que cela a l'establissement du Christianisme parmy les gens de la mesme nation. Sa Mate a approuve les Reglemens que ledt Sr De Denonville a fait pour empescher les coureurs de bois Et Elle luy recom-mande d'exercer tousjours Une rigueur tres grande a leur esgard et de tenir severement la main a l'execution des ordonnances rendues sur ce sujet. A l'esgard de la proposition qu'il fait de former des com-pagnies reglees de ces coureurs de bois et des Enf5 de famille de ce pals, pourveu que ces Compagnies ne luy coustent pas davantage que celles qu' Elle y entretient actuellement, c'est a dire qu'on pourra donner a ceux qui meriteront quelque distinction la paye de sergent et de caporaux, et celle de soldat aux autres, en observt le mesme ordre qui se pratique pour les aues troupes, sgavoir de retenir 184 sur la solde pour estre emper en habits et hardes qui leur seront envoyez tous les ans, afin qu'ils soient de mesme parure, Sa Translation subjects by his majesty without expense to the kingdom; and nothing can contribute more than this to the establishment of the Christian religion among the tribes. His majesty has approved the regulations which the said Sieur de Denonville has made for the suppression of the coureurs de bois, and he enjoins him always to exercise exceptional rigor toward them and rigorously to carry into execution the ordinances issued on this subject. Regarding the proposal which he makes to form regular companies of these coureurs de bois and of young men of family in the country if these companies do not cost him any more than those which he actually maintains, that is to say that those who merit some distinction should be given the pay of a sergeant and of a corporal, and that of a private soldier to others, observing the same procedure in use with other troops, to wit, holding out eighteen deniers from the pay for the purchase of uniforms which will be sent to them each year in order that they all be attired the same his majesty permits him in this instance to establish one

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116 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Mate luy permet en ce cas d'en establir Une dez cette annee et on pourra en augmenter le nombre dans la suitte, a l'esgard du com-mandement de cette Compagnie, Elle estime a propos de la donner a Un des anciens Capnes d'Inf anterie establis en Canada qui pourra avoir plus de credit et d'autorite parmy eux qu' Un autre offe.r qu'on envoyeroit de f ranee, Et Sa Mat? est persuadee que cet esta-blissement fera l'effet que ledt Sr de Denonville en fait attendre. Elle desire qu'ils empeschent avec soin que personne ne debauche ces Jeunes gens pour les faire passer chez les anglois, Et Elle Veut qu'ils fassent faire le proces a celuy que le Sr ch. de Cailleres a fait arrester por en avoir Voulu engager quelques Uns a prendre ce party en cas que cela se trouve Veritable, afin que cet exemple empesche que cela n'arrive a l'advenir. ¦ a Sa Mate a confirme le choix qu'ils ont fait du sr Le chasseur1 pour remplir la place de Lieutenant gflal des trois rivieres qui se Translation beginning this year and will be able, in time, to increase the number. Regarding a commander for this company, he deems it proper to give it to one of the senior infantry captains stationed in Canada, who would have more influence and authority among them than another officer sent from France. His majesty is persuaded that this undertaking will result as the said Sieur de Denonville expects. He desires that they take care that no one debauch these young people by persuading them to go over to the English; and he wishes, in case that he finds it to be true, that they would bring to trial those whom the Sieur Chevalier de Callieres has arrested for having intended to induce some persons to take this course, in order that this example may prevent its happening again. His majesty confirms the choice which they have made of the Sieur le Chasseur1 to fill the place of the lieutenant-general of *Jean le Chasseur (1633-1713), councillor of the king, secretary to Frontenac, was made lieutenant-general of Three Rivers in 1687. Tanguay, Dictionnaire.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 117 trouve vaccante par la mort du sr Boisvinet,1 et ils en trouveront les provisions cy jointes, Et Elle a conserve audt Le chasseur La gratification dont led. Boisvinet a jouy pendant sa Vie. Elle a pareillement approuve le choix que le dit Sr De cham-pigny a fait de la personne du Sr Du Puy3 pour estre Procureur de Sa Mate en la Prevoste de Quebec, Et Elle leur en envoye aussy les provisions. Le sr de Lobiniere1 Lieutenant gfial de Quebec a repiite que pour eviter les plaintes qu'on a fait cy devt contre luy au sujet de la taxe de ses Vaccations il avoit resolu de ne plus rien prendre esperant que Sa Mat? le dedommageroit, surquoy Elle est bien aise que ledt Sr de Champigny luy explique que l'lntention de Sa Translation Three Rivers, which was made vacant by the death of the Sieur Boyvinet,1 and they will find the conditions hereto attached. He has preserved to the said Le Chasseur the gratuities which the said Boyvinet has enjoyed during his life. He has likewise approved the choice which the said Sieur de Champigny has made in the person of the Sieur Dupuy2 to be his majesty's attorney in the provostship of Quebec, and he likewise sends the conditions to them. The Sieur de Lotbiniere,8 lieutenant-general of Quebec, has represented that in order to avoid the complaints which have been lately made against him on the subject of the tax on trades, he has resolved to take nothing more in the hope that his majesty will reimburse him, on which he is pleased that the said Sieur de 1 Gilles Ste. Marguerite de Boyvinet (1648-1686) was a councillor, lieutenant-general of Three Rivers, and agent-general of the ferme. Ibid., 1 :SS4. 'Paul Dupuy (or Dupuis), seignior of He Aux Oies. He was procurator of the king, ensign of a company, and performed the duties of lieutenant-general of Quebec for Riverin while the latter was absent in France. He came to Canada as an officer of the Carignan-Salieres Regiment He died in 1713. Tanguay, Dictionnaire; Shortt, Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance during the French Period, 129 n. Louis Theandre Chartier de Lotbiniere (1612-1690) was at one time member of the Tadoussac trading company, held appointments as procurator-general (1664), and as lieutenant-general, civil and criminal, for the seneschal of Quebec He received land grants in 1662, 1672, and 1685, a part of which had belonged to the Recollects, and this he restored when the order returned to Canada in 1670. Jesuit Relations, 43:323-324.

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118 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS MatŁ n est pas qu'il se prive de ce qui doit luy appartenir, et qu'au contraire Elle trouve bon qu'il prenne qui luy est legitimement deub, pourveu qu'il n'exige rien au dela, et c'est a quoy ledt Sr de Champigny doit tenir exactement la main. Sa Mat.e convient qu'il seroit assez Utile qu'il y eust quelques Pilotes entretenus a Quebek, Et Elle y en envoyera dans la suitte, mais Elle ne se chargera de cette depense que quand la guerre sera finie. Elle convient aussy de la necessite qu'il y auroit de resserer la colonie, Et Elle Veut qu'ils fassent tout ce qui dependra d'Eux pour y parvenir avec le temps, mais Elle n'approuve pas la proposition que ledt Sr de Denonville a faite d'y renvoyer l'ancien Evesque,1 ne luy ayant pas paru par le passe que ce Prelat eust Translation Champigny explain to him that it is not his majesty's intention that he deprive himself of that which is due to him and that, on the contrary, he take that which is legitimately due him, provided that he exacts nothing further; and it is over that that the said Sieur de Champigny ought to exercise close supervision. His majesty agrees that it would be useful enough to have a number of pilots maintained at Quebec, and he will send some in time, but he will not assume this expense until the war is concluded. He agrees, also, as to the necessity for restricting the colony, and he wishes that they do everything within their power to accomplish this in time; but he does not approve of the proposal that the said Sieur de Denonville has made of sending back the old bishop,1 it not appearing to him from past events that this 'Francois de Laval de Montmorency (April 30, 1622-May 6, 1708) entered the Jesuit order as a child and at fifteen had received his first canonical appointment. Henceforth he bore the title Abbe de Montigny. Heir to family titles and estates at the death of older brothers, he renounced his heritage in favor of a younger, so that he might enter the priesthood. In 1650 he joined a group whose activities later led to the formation of the Societe des Missions fitrangeres. When in 1657 the question arose of a bishop for New France Laval's candidacy was espoused by the Jesuits, and he became titular bishop of Petraea and vicar apostolic of New France. He reached Canada in June, 1659. In 1674 he became bishop of the newly created bishopric of Quebec. Meanwhile^ in March, 1663, he had founded

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 119 Un caractere d'esprit convenable a Un Nouvel establissemt et d'ailleurs estant a craindre que cela ne mist quelque jalousie entre luy et le nouvel Evesque, ce qu'il est tres Important d'eviter. Sa MaĄ a Veu ce que ledt Sr de Denonville a escrit au sujet du nomme La heronniere, Elle a donne les ordres necessaires pour le faire mettre a la Bastille, estant bien-aise de faire Un exemple d' Une pareille Insolence, a l'esgard des affaires que ledt De la heronniere s'est vante de luy faire, Sa Mate veut bien l'asseurer qu'il n'a rien a craindre en faisant tousjours bien son devoir, et Translation prelate's character was suitable to a new country; besides he fears that this might arouse some jealousy between him and the new bishop, which it is very important to avoid. His majesty has seen what the said Sieur de Denonville has written on the subject of the person named La Heronniere. He has given orders to put him in the Bastille, being pleased to make an example of insolence such as his. Regarding the things which the said De la Heronniere has boasted he would do to him, his majesty wishes to assure him that he has nothing to fear in always doing his duty and that he will know how to distinguish the Seminary of Quebec, which he later endowed with all his property. His administration of the bishopric was marked by quarrels with the governors over the question of sale of liquor to the Indians, which Laval tried to check (see post, 264 n. 2) and the extension of missionary activity in the Mississippi Valley. In 1685 Laval resigned the bishopric, though he administered it for several years longer, and succeeded in obtaining the appointment of Jean Baptiste de St. Vallier, royal chaplain, as his successor. Jesuit Relations, 45:269-270. St Vallier (November 14, 1653-December 25, 1727) arrived in Canada with Denonville on July 30, 1685, as Laval's vicar-general. This office he filled until 1686 when he returned to France for consecration as bishop. In his new position he quarreled with the Seminary, with the clergy, and with the Recollects, and later with the governor; and strenuous, though unsuccessful efforts were made for his removal. From 1694 to 1697 and from 1700 to 1704 he was again in France. Returning to Canada in the latter year, he was captured by the English, who held him prisoner for five years. Subsequently he was detained in France, on orders of the king, until 1713, perhaps due to the complaints of his bishopric. There is also good reason to believe that Laval was grievously disappointed in St. Vallier and deeply chagrined at his constant quarrelings with Seminary and Recollect St Vallier was devoted to the General Hospital of Quebec, which he founded in 1693. Jesuit Relations, 63:301-302.

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120 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS qu' Elle scaura demesler le Vray d'avec le faux dans les plaintes ' qu'il luy seront f aites contre Luy. Sa Mat? a fait achepter Une pareille quantite de remede des pauvres que l'annee derniere, Et Elle les a fait remettre aux PP. Jesuites pour en f aire la distribution comme par le passe. II y a longtemps que Sa Mat.e est persuadee que rien n'est plus contraire aux progrez d'une nouvelle colonie que le commerce que font ceux qui ont l'authorite du Roy en main, Elle est persuadee que cela n'arrivera pas dans la nouvelle f ranee, tant que ledt Sr de Denonville y commandera, connoissant comme Elle fait sa droiture et son des Interessement,1 Cependant Elle ne laisse pas de luy recommander d'y tenir exactement la main, et Elle escrit a l'ln-tendant et aux gouverneurs parers pour leur expliquer de nouveau ses Intentions sur ce sujet. Sa Mat.e a este aussy fort aise d'apprendre qu'il se soit trouve Une mine de fer tres abondante proche les trois Rivieres, Translation truth from falsehood in the complaints which will be made against him. His majesty has had purchased the same quantity of remedies for the poor as last year, and he has had it sent to the Jesuit fathers for distribution as in the past. For a long time his majesty has been persuaded that nothing is so hurtful to the progress of a new colony as a trade carried on by those exercising the king's authority. He is persuaded that this will not happen in New France as long as the said Sieur de Denonville will command there, knowing as he does his integrity and his disinterestedness;1 however, he does not fail to enjoin him to maintain a strict surveillance, and he is writing to the intendant and to the governors, likewise, in order to explain to them anew his intentions on this subject. 1 There is no evidence of participation in trade on the part of Denonville, who is an outstanding official for that reason. Both Frontenac and La Barre had been deeply mired in illicit trade. Parkman, Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV, 3ft, 60, 89, 190.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 121 Et comme le pais en tireroit Une tres grande Utilite si on la faisoit valoir, II est bien Important qu'ils fassent en sorte de trouver quelqu'Un dans le pais mesme qui Veiiille entreprendre d'y bastir des Forges qui donneroient avec le temps Un grand reve-nu a ceux qui en f eroient la premiere depense, Elle desire aussy qu' ils suivent l'advis qui leur a este donne au sujet de la mine de plomb qu'on leur a dit estre dans l'Une des Isles du Lac Champlain, et Elle Veut qu'ils en envoyent des eschantillons pour en faire faire l'espreuve, Et II faudra lorsque Ton sera debarasse de la guerre, Voir si on pourra tirer quelque Utilite de celles de cuivre qui sont chez les Islinois1 Et dans la Baye des puants. Translation His majesty has been very pleased to learn also that a very rich iron mine was found near Three Rivers; and as the country would reap a great advantage if it could be made to produce, it is very important that they manage to find someone in the country who would undertake to build forges there which would in time pay a handsome revenue to those who would undergo the first expense. He desires also that they would follow up the information given to them on the subject of the lead mine which is said to be on one of the islands in Lake Champlain, and he wishes that they send some samples in order to have a test made. It will be possible, when the present war is over, to see if some use can be made of the copper mines which are located in the Illinois1 and on the Baye des Puans. 'The glacial drift brought many small pieces of copper down into the northern Mississippi Valley. A rather large piece, found in McHenry County, and a number of smaller pieces found in other parts of Illinois, are in possession of Professor W. O. Blanchard of the Department of Geology of the University of Illinois. The Indians used these small pieces in the fabrication of ornaments. (Kraus, Edward H., "Some Unusual Specimens of 'Float' Copper," American Mineralogist, 9: No. 2, 23-26.) Small quantities of copper were mined on a small scale, and ornaments made therefrom found their way over a considerable portion of the middle west through inter-tribal trade. Wisconsin Historical Collections, 11:86: Kellogg: Early Narratives of the Northwest, 105, 113; French Regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest, 341-346.

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122 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sa Mat.e approuve la proposition que ledt Sr De Denonville a fait de retirer le fort de Cataracouy des mains dudt Sr De la Salle, mais comme cela se pourra tousjours faire, il n'y a rien de presse quant a pnt. A 1'esgard du fort des Islinois, Sa Matj^ se remet a luy de laisser aux gens dudt Sr De la Salle la distance qu'il estimera necessaire autour dudt fort pour pouvoir y faire la traitte seuls, afin de leur donner les moyens de survenir a la depense de l'en-tretien de ce fort. Sa Mate est bien aise de leur donner advis du choix qu' Elle a fait du S? de Meneval pour gouverneur de l'Acadie en la place du Sr Perrot qu'Elle a Juge a propos de rappeller, Elle est In-formee des commoditez qui se trouvent en ce pais pour y establir Une colonie considerable, Et Elle a resolu d'en prendre Un soin parer, Elle y fait passer cette annee 30. soldats, outre Un pareil nombre qu'Elle y envoya l'annee derniere, Et Elle a fait choix du sr De la Boulaye pour les commander, et pour faire en mesme temps les f onctions de Lieutenant de Roy de ce pais. Translation His majesty approves the proposal that the said Sieur de Denonville has made to take Fort Cataraqui out of the hands of the said Sieur de la Salle; but as he will be able to do so at any time there is nothing urgent about it at present. Regarding the fort at the Illinois, his majesty defers to his judgment to prescribe to the people of the said Sieur de la Salle the area about the said fort which he will deem necessary for them, alone, to trade in, in order to give them the means of meeting the expense of maintaining this fort. His majesty is pleased to inform them of the choice which he has made of the Sieur de Menneval for governor of Acadia in the place of Sieur Perrot, whom he has judged proper to recall. He is informed of the natural advantages which are to be found in this region for the establishing of a considerable colony; and he has resolved to plant one there. He has sent thirty soldiers there this year in addition to a like number which he sent last year; and he has chosen the Sieur de la Boulaye to be their commander and, at the same time, to perform the functions of royal lieutenant for that region.

Chapter III 145 0123

CHAPTER HI Engagement of De Broyeux to La Forest, August 19, 1687 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 19 Aoust 1687 Marche Entre Monsieur de la forest & le Sr de broyeux1 Pardevant Anth adhemar greff nore & tabellion de Lisle du montreal residant a ville marie & tesmoings En fin nommes furent pnt En leurs personnes Sieur francois delaforest Capitaine dans Le dettachement de la marine faisant tant pour Luy q. pour Mons de Tonty dune part, Et Sieur Jean debroyeux de batiscan da'e.' part, Lesqles parties de leurs bons greds ont faits & accorde Entre Elles de bonne f oy Ce q. Ensuit, Scavoir est que Led Sr de broyeux promet & soblige de sembarquer dans tel Canot q. led Sr de la-forest Luy Indiquera pour aydde a porter des marchandises au fort St Louis aux Illinois, Et des quil sera aud fort arrive, II aura Translation August 19, 1687 Agreement between Monsieur de la Forest and the Sieur de Broyeux.1 Before Antoine Adhemar, recorder, notary, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses below named, were present in person the Sieur Franqois de la Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, acting both for himself and for Monsieur de Tonti, on the one part, and Sieur Jean de Broyeux, of Batiscan, on the other part, which parties of their own free will have done and agreed between themselves in good faith, as follows: that is to say that the said Sieur de Broyeux promises and engages himself to embark in whatever canoe 1 Jean de Broyeux, baptized in 1649, was a resident of Batiscan. In 1678 he married Marguerite Disy, sister of Michel, mentioned ante, 42. 123

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124 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Son dit magazin traictera avec Les Sauvages du pais & au's Nations du mieux & Le plus advanteuset quil. Luy sera poss? Gardera & negotiera tous les affaires Gennerallt quelconques q. Lesd Sieurs de Tonty & de la forest ont aud pais des Illinois, Et sera tenue de faire tout Ce que Lesd Sr.s de Tonty & de Laforest fuy Commanderont de Licitte & dhonneste & quil pourra faire, Et Ce pour deux Annees Entieres a commance du jour quil sem-barquera a lachisne pour Commance Led voiage & a pareil jour finira pendant Les qles deux annees Led Sr de laforest sera tenue de fournir La Nourriture de bouche aud Sr de broyeux Ainsy quon accoustume de faire aud pais des Illinois & de la traicte humaint Et oultre tnoyet La Somme de mil Livres pour une chascune desd deux Annees. que Led Sr Laforest tant pour Luy q. pour Led Sr de Tonty promet & soblige paier aud Sr de broyeux ou au porteur des pnts & pour Luy en Castor Rendeu & porte en cette ville a la fin de Chascune desd deux annees, Et a la fin desd Translation the said Sieur de la Forest shall point out to him to assist in carrying merchandise to Fort St. Louis in the Illinois, and when he shall have arrived at the said fort he shall have his aforesaid store, shall trade with the Indians of the country and with the various tribes in the best and most advantageous way that shall be possible for him, shall look after and attend to all the business whatsoever that the said Sieurs de Tonti and de la Forest have in the said country of the Illinois, and be bound to do all that the aforesaid Sieurs de Tonti and de la Forest shall command him that is licit and honest and that he shall be able to do, and all this for two whole years to commence on the day that he shall embark at La-chine to commence the said voyage and to finish on the same day at the end of two years. The said Sieur de la Forest shall be bound to furnish subsistence to the said Sieur de Broyeux as is customarily done in the said country of the Illinois and shall treat him well, and shall give him the further consideration of the sum of 1,000 livres for each of the two years which the said Sieur la Forest, both for himself and the said Sieur de Tonti, promises and obliges himself to pay to the Sieur de la Broyeux, or to the

147 0125

ENGAGEMENT DE BROYEUX TO LA FOREST 125 deux Annees Led Sr De broyeux sera tenu En dessendant Dayder a dessendre un Canot charge de pelletteries por Led Sr de la forest aud non, Sans que pendant led temps de deux annees Led Sr de broyeux puisse faire aud pals des Illinois aucunes traictes directe-ment ny Indirectement pour quy Que ce soit pr lesd Sr de Tonty & de Laforest non plus q. pour lesd memes Car ainsy &c prot &c Rennonsant &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil six Cens quatre vingt Sept le dix neufviesme Jour d'Aoust avant midy En pns des Sieurs Jean quesneveille1 & Louis Gillet2 huissrs au bailliage de Lisle dud montreal residt aud ville marie Soubsnes avec Lesd parties & nore apres Lecture faicte Suivant Lordce f. DeLaforest Debreyeux j quesneville l gillet Adhemar nore Translation bearer of these presents on his behalf, in beaver returned and carried to this city at the end of each of the said two years; and at the end of the said two years the said Sieur de Broyeux shall be bound in coming down to help in bringing down a canoe charged with peltries for the said Sieur de la Forest; it is further agreed that during the said time of two years the said Sieur de la Broyeux may not carry on in the said country of the Illinois any trade directly or indirectly whatsoever except for the said Sieur de Tonti and de la Forest. For thus, etc., promising, etc., and engaging, etc., made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the aforesaid notary, August 19, 1687, in the afternoon, in presence of the Sieurs Jean Quenneville1 and Louis Gillet,2 ushers in the bailiff's office of the Isle of the said Montreal, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said parties and the notary, after hearing it read according to the ordinance. F. de la Forest De Broyeux J. Quenneville L- Gillet Adhemar, notary 1 Jean Quenneville, master tailor and royal usher, was a resident of Montreal at this time. In the census of 1681 his age was given as thirty years. ' A Louis Guillet, baptized in 1657, was buried in Batiscan in 1730.

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126 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Engagement of Dumay to La Forest, August 19,1687 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 19 Aout1687 Marche Entre Monsr de La forest & dumay1 faisant tant pour Luy que pour pichart.2 Pardevant Anth adhemar Greffie nore & tabellion de Lisle du montreal residant a ville marie & tesmoins En fin nommes f urent pnt en leurs personnes Sieur francois de Laforest capne dans Le detachement de La Marine d une part Et fran. Dumay faisant tant pour Luy q pour Louis pichard voiageurs de pnt en Cette ville dautre part Lesquelles parties de Leurs bons Grez & volontes ont de bonne f oy Convenu & accorde Ce quy Ensuit Scavoir que Led dumay aud Norn soblige de mener pour led Sr de laforest mil pesant de marchandises Jusques au fort St Louis dans Le pais ds Illinois A la charge par Led Sr de Laforest de Leur fournir canot & vivres tels quon a accoustume de fournir ads voyageurs Translation August 19, 1687 Agreement between Monsieur de la Forest and Dumay,1 accounting both for himself and Pichart.2 Before Antoine Adhemar, recorder, notary, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses named at the end, were present in their own persons, the Sieur Francois de la Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and Franqois Dumay, acting both for himself and for Louis Pichart, voyageurs, at present in this city, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have in good faith covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say, the said Dumay, for himself and for the party above named, obligates himself to take for the said Sieur de la Forest, one thousand weight of merchandise as far as Fort St. Louis in the country of the Illinois on the stipulation that the said Sieur de la 1 Probably Francois Dumay, baptized at Sillery, February 25, 1663. 1 Louis Pichart (or Pichard) was baptized in 1659 and died in 1699. He was married in 1689 at Lachine.

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ENGAGEMENT OF DUMAY TO LA FOREST 127 Jusques aud fort St Louis, Et en cas quil ny Eust pas d Eau dans La Riviere ds Illinois pour passe avec Leur Canot led Sr de la-forest promet de Leur faire ayder a porter ou traisner Lesd mar-chandises Jusques aud fort St Louis, Et Ce moyennant La. Somme de Six Cens Livres quest trois Cens Livres Chacun, que Led Sr delaforest promet & soblige de Leur bailie & paie aud fort St Louis en Castor des quils y seront arrives avec Lesd marchandises ; Lequel payt dsd Six Cens livres En Castor Lesd dumay & pichard Embarqueront dans Le Canot quils dessendront, Sans presjudice auxd parties dautre marche faict avec Mr de Tonty pour dessendre quy sortira Sa force & teneur Et oultre led Sr de Laforest permet auxd dumay & pichard de porter aud pais ds Illinois Jusques a La valleur de La Somme de Cent Livres a eux deux ala charge par eux de f ournir aud Sr de laf orest avant Leur despart un Estat des marchandises & autres choses ql. apporteront & embarqueront dans led Canot desquelles Us feront Comme bon Leur Semblera & dapporter dans Leurd canot les pelleteries quils pourront faire Translation Forest shall furnish them a canoe and provisions such as are customarily furnished to voyageurs as far as the said Fort St. Louis; and in case there is no water in the river of the Illinois to pass with their canoe, the said Sieur de la Forest promises to have them aided in carrying or dragging the said merchandise as far as the said Fort St. Louis; and this is in further consideration of the sum of 600 livres, that is to say 300 livres each, which the said Sieur de la Forest promises and obliges himself to give and pay to them at the said Fort St. Louis in beaver whenever they shall have arrived there with the said merchandise. This payment of the said 600 livres in beaver the said Dumay and Pichart may load in the canoe that they are to bring back, without prejudice to the said parties from another agreement made with Monsieur de Tonti for their return, which shall retain its force and effect; and further the said Sieur de la Forest permits the said Dumay and Pichart to carry to the said country of the Illinois up to the value of the sum of 100 livres for the two of them on the stipulation that they furnish the said Sieur de la Forest before their departure

150 0128

128 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS aud pais des Illinois; Aux part ou partie desd marchandises; Et a faute de f ournir par Lesd Dumas & pichard un Estat de Ce quils Emporteront aud pais ny pourront rien apporter du tout Car ainsy &c prot &c oB. &c renonct &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud none Lan mil six Cens quatre vingt sept Le dix neufvi. Aoust avant midy En pnt d Sr Jean quesneville huissier de ce bailliage & Laurens barette1 du Cap de la magne tesmoins sousnes avec Led Sr de laforest & nore Led dumay aud non a declare Ne Scavoir Signe de ce Interpelles suivant Lordce Laurent Barette f DeLaforest J Quesneville Adhemar Nore Translation a statement of the merchandise and other things that they shall carry and embark in the said canoe; these goods they shall trade as seems good to them and they may carry in their said canoe the peltries that they obtain in the country of the Illinois to the amount or partial amount of the said merchandise; and in default of a statement by the said Dumay and Pichart of what they carry to the said country they shall not be permitted to carry anything there at all. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obliging, etc., and waiving, etc., made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, August 19, 1687, in the morning, in the presence of Sieur Jean Quenneville, usher of this jurisdiction, and Laurent Barette,1 of Cap de la Madeleine, witnesses, undersigned with the said Sieur de la Forest and the notary. The said Dumay has declared that he does not know how to sign when interrogated according to the ordinance. Laurent Barette F. de la Forest J. Quenneville Adhemar, notary 'Laurent Barette, son of Guillaume, was about twenty-one years old at this time. He is probably the Barette who accompanied Tonti down the Mississippi on the search for La Salle in 1686. Margry, DScouvertes et Stablissements des Frangais, 3:558; see also next document.

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ENGAGEMENT OF BARETTE TO LA FOREST 129 Engagement of Barette to La Forest, August 19, 1687 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 19 Aoust 1687 Marche Entre Monsr de la forest & barette Pardevant Anth adhemar greff nore & tabellion de lisle du montreal residant a ville marie & tesmoings En fin nommes furent pnt En leurs personnes Sieur francois de Laforest Capne dans le dattachement de la marine d une part, Et Laurens barette du Cap de la magne voiageur de pnt en Cette ville dau'e part Lesqles parties de leurs bons Gres & volontes Ont de bonne f oy. Convenue & accorde Ce qui En suit Scavoir q led barette promet & soblige dayder a amener un Canot de LaChisne Jusques au fort St Louis au pais ds Illinois avec tel au'e hom'e q led Sr de laforest Luy baillera Charge de mil pesant, & dayder de sa personne a son retour a dessendre un Canot charge de pelleteries pour led Sr delaforest a la charge par Led Sr dela forest de fournir ds vivres & un Canot pour aller Jusques aud fort St Louis & pour son retour sui-vant ce non a accoustume de faire aux voiageurs, Et pendant Le Translation August 19, 1687 Agreement between Monsieur de la Forest and Barette. Before Antoine Adhemar, recorder, notary, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses below named, were present in person Sieur Frangois de la Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, on one part, and Laurent Barette, of Cap de la Madeleine, voyageur at present in this city, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have in good faith covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say, that the said Barette promises and engages himself to aid in taking a canoe loaded with a thousand weight from Lachine to Fort St. Louis in the country of the Illinois with any other man the said Sieur de la Forest shall assign to him, and to aid in his own person on his return in bringing down a canoe loaded with peltries for the said Sieur de la Forest, on the stipulation that the said Sieur de la Forest shall furnish provisions and a

152 0130

130 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sesjour q led barette fera aud pais ds Illinois Ce nourrira a ses f raix & despens, Et en Cas quil ny Eust pas deau a la Riviere ds Illinois pour passer avec Le Canot Led Sr de la forest promet de f ournir du monde pour ayder a porter ou traisner Lesd marchan-dises a ses f raix & despens: Et oultre promet Led Sr de laf orest de bailler & payer aud barette pour son voyage pour aller & Revenir dud pais ds Illinois La Som de trois Cens Livres en Castor aud fort de St Louis ds que led barette y sera Arrive Permettant led Sr de laforest aud barette dapporter aud pais ds Illinois Jusques a La Somme de Cent Livres en marchandises & au'e choses pour avoir dsvivres pour subsister pendant Le sesjour quil sera oblige de faire aud pais depuis Son arrivee Jusques a Son depart & pour y traictes ds quelles marchandises au'e choses quel portera aud pais ds Illinois sera tenu den donne un Estat audt Sr delaforest, & un au'e quil Gardera devers Luy Signe Sr delaforest faute de Ce La susd permission sera Nulle, Est accorde Translation canoe to go to the said Fort St. Louis and for his return according to what is customarily done for voyageurs. And during the sojourn of the said Barette in the country of the Illinois, he shall subsist himself at his cost and expense, and in case there is not enough water in the river of the Illinois to float a canoe, the said Sieur de la Forest promises to furnish people to help in carrying or drawing the said merchandise at his cost and expense; and further the said Sieur de la Forest promises to give and pay to the said Barette for his voyage, going and returning from the said country of the Illinois, the sum of 300 livres in beaver at the said Fort St. Louis when the said Barette shall arrive there. Further, the said Sieur de la Forest permits the said Barette to carry to the country of the Illinois up to the sum of 100 livres of merchandise and other things in order to have provisions for his support during the stay that he shall be obliged to make in the said country from his arrival until his departure; and if he trades the merchandise and other things he may carry to the said country of the Illinois, he shall be bound to give one list to the said Sieur de la Forest and to keep another copy of it endorsed

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ENGAGEMENT OF BARETTE TO LA FOREST 131 que Led barette Embarquera dans Le Canot ou II sera en des-sendant Les pelleteries quil recepvra aud fort pr Lesd 300» de son voiage & Celles ql pourra traicter provenant desd Marchan-dises ou de partie d Icelles, EnsemB un paquet de Castor quel a aud pais des Illinois & cesans aucunes disminuon de la susd Som de trois Cens Livres Car ainsy &c promettant &c obligeant &c renonst &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil six Cens quatre vint Sept Le dix neufviesme Aoust avant midy Enpnt de Sr Jean quesneville & Louis Gillet dmt En Cette ville tesmoins Sousn?s avec lesd parties & nor.e apres Lecture faite suivant Lordcje f. Delaforest Gillet Laurent Barette J. Quesneville Adhemar nor Je Soubzne Donne permission aud barette de porter aud pais des Illinois oultre Les Cent Livres a Luy accorder par Le susd Translation by the Sieur de la Forest; lacking this, the aforesaid permission shall be void. It is further allowed that the said Barette shall load into the canoe in which he shall come down, the peltries which he shall receive at the said fort for the said 300 livres payment for his voyage, as well as those for which he barters the said merchandise, as also a packet of beaver which he has at the said country of the Illinois, without any deductions from the said sum of 300 livres. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating, etc., waiving, etc., made and passed at Villemarie in the office of the said notary, August 19, 1687, in the forenoon, in the presence of the Sieur Jean Quenneville and Louis Gillet, residents in this city, witnesses, who have signed with the said parties and the notary, after hearing it read according to the ordinance. F. de la Forest Gillet Laurent Barette J. Quenneville Adhemar, notary I, the undersigned, give permission to the said Barette to carry to the said country of the Illinois besides the 100 livres

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132 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS acte La Somme de Cinquante Livres pour avoir dvivres ou pour Les traictes fait Ce dr Juillet 1688 f De Laforest Letter of Callieres de Chasteauvilain, October 12, 1687 Bibliotheque Nationale, Clairambault, 1016:483-483v C J'ay receu icy 2 lettres de Canada, une de Mr de Denonville du 24« de Juin, etant en marche pour aller contre les Iroquois et une autre de Quebec du 18e de Juillet d'un officier qui revenoit de 1'armee et qui me marque que nos gens esperoient etre arrivez a Sonontouan1 le 15 Juillet et que durant leur marche ils avoient enleve environ 200 Iroquois, mais sans combat et q'heureusement les Sonontoxians n'etoient point encore avertis de leur marche. Queles anglois qui les revoltoient contre nous a la Sollicitation du Colonel Dongan gouverneur de la Nouvelle Yorck et grand ennemy des frangois etoient partis au nombre de 90 en trois bandes de 30 Translation granted him by the aforesaid account, the sum of fifty livres to have provisions or to trade. Done on this last of July, 1688. F. de la Forest I have received two letters from Canada, one from Monsieur de Denonville of June 24, written while he was on the march against the Iroquois, and another from Quebec, dated July 18, from an officer lately returned from the army. The latter informs me that our people hoped to have arrived at Sonontouan1 July 15, and that they had without a fight captured about 200 Iroquois. Fortunately the Seneca had not yet been warned of their approach. A party of Englishmen who, at the instigation of Colonel Dongan, governor of New York and an inveterate enemy of the French, stirred up the Seneca against us, went off to the number 1 Village of the Seneca, one of the Iroquois tribes. Denonville, figuring that they included 1,200 fighting men, claimed that their extreme insolence was due to the fact that they were strongest of the tribes. They were located to the south of Lake Ontario so that Fort Frontenac served as the most strategic base for incursions into the Seneca country. New York Colonial Documents, 9:282.

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EXPEDITION AGAINST IROQUOIS, 1687 133 chacune. Queles 2 premieres alloient Se Saisir du poste de Missili-makinac, et la 3me chez les Ilinois pour nous les debaucher mais que Mrs de Tonty, la forest, du Luth et la Durantaye, marchant au devant de Mr de Denonville avoient pris les deux premieres bandes de 60 anglois et les avoient amenez aud Sr de Denonville qui les a envoyez prisoniers a Quebec avec les Iroquois qui les accompagnoient1 et a fait arquebuser un deserteur frangois qui etoit avec eux: et que les 30 autres ayant eu avis que les Ilinois les receuvoient mal sont retournez sur leurs pas. Le gouverneur general me marque qu'ils ont des peines extremes a remonter les rapides et qu'ils esperent qu'ils en trouveront moins a battre les ennemis. Sa petite armee est de deux mille frangois moitie troupes reglees et moitie habitans: et d'environ 1500 Sauvages alliez, dont le nombre augmentera dans la suite de leur marche. Mon f rere y Translation of ninety in three parties of thirty men each. The first two had set out to possess themselves of the post of Michillimackinac, and the third to the Illinois in order to seduce them from us. However, Messieurs de Tonti, la Forest, du Luth, and la Durantaye, marching to join Monsieur de Denonville, had captured the first two parties of sixty men and had brought them to the said Sieur de Denonville, who sent them to Quebec as prisoners along with the Iroquois who had accompanied them.1 A French deserter who was with them he had shot. The thirty others having learned that the Illinois would give them an ill reception are now retracing their steps. The governor-general informs me that they have experienced the greatest difficulties in ascending the rapids, but that they hope to encounter less in defeating the enemy. His little army is composed of 2,000 Frenchmen one half of them being regulars and the rest habitants, and about 1,500 Indian allies whose number will be increased on the march. My brother has been performing 'These were the parties of Rooseboom and Macgregory. See ante, 60 n. The guide was a French deserter named Marion or La Fontaine, who was promptly shot by order of Denonville. New York Colonial Documents, 9:1023; Charlevoix, Histoire et Description Generate de la Nouvelle France,

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134 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS fait la fonction de lieutenant general et a le soin de tout le detail de la marche Sa fatigue a ete si grande qu'il en a ete malade d'un debordement de bile au fort frontenac, ou ils ont deux grands batteaux plats pour S'embarquer sur le lac Ontario. Ces batteaux ont chacun un canon de f onte en batterie et plusieurs pierriers qui favoriseront la descente des troupes, et ils pretendent faire mettre mille hommes a l'eau iusqu'a la ceinture pour amener ces batteaux et les canots a terre a Sonontoiian pendant que leurs canons tireront sur les Iroquois, en cas qu'ils s'opposent a la descente qui se doit faire a l'embouchure de la riviere de Sonontouan, qui est encore a 7 lieiies de l'habitation et il faudra faire ces 7 lieties a pied dans les bois pour les aller bruler dans leur villages. Je vois par ces deux lettres qu'il n'y a point en encore de combat comme on vous l'avoit mande et ces 200 Iroquois pris ont ete enlevez comme ie vous l'ay dit durant la marche de l'armee. Ils ne sont pas tous en etat detre mis aux galeres. Ils y a plusieurs femmes et enfans et on en envoye 60 seulement en france pour etre mis Translation the duties of lieutenant general and has had the care of all the details incident to the march. His fatigue has been so great that he has been ill of jaundice at Fort Frontenac. They have there two large flat-bottomed boats for crossing Lake Ontario. These boats each mount a brass cannon in battery and numerous swivel guns, which will facilitate the descent of the troops, and they say that it will require a thousand men in the water up to their waists in order to bring the boats and canoes to land at Sonontouan while their guns fire on the Iroquois in the event that they oppose the descent which should be made at the mouth of the river of the Seneca, which is still seven leagues from their village. It will be necessary to cover these seven leagues afoot through the woods in order to destroy them in their villages. I see from these two letters that there has not yet been an engagement, as you may see from the word sent back, and the 200 Iroquois taken were captured, as I have told you, by the army on the march. They are not all fit to be sent to the galleys as there are many women and children, and only sixty are being sent to France for service

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EXPEDITION AGAINST IROQUOIS, 1687 135 aux galeres, parmi lesquels il y a un chef de guerre de la nation des aignez grand espion.1 On n'avoit aucune nouvelle de mr de la Salle a Quebec le 18e Juillet ce qui est un fort mauvais signe pour luy. C'est grand dommage. Je vous prie de faire part de cecy a mr I'abb6 Bernou" comme d'une affaire de son departement et de le prier de m'envoyer par vous le supplement. C'est a dire ce qu'il en aura appris de plus. Je n'ay point encore de lettres de mon frere. Le Pere Lamberville Jesuite s'est sauve de chez les Iroquois et a bien fait il auroit pu remplir leur chaudiere nonob-stant le peu de goust qu'ils ont trouve a la chair des robes noires.* Translation in the galleys, including one war chief of the Mohawk nation who is a notorious spy.1 There was no news at Quebec up to July 18 of Monsieur de la Salle, which is a very bad omen for him. He is a great loss. I beg of you to impart this information to Monsieur the Abbe Bernou,2 as it is a matter concerning his department, and beg him to send me the supplement through you, that is to say, what he may have learned further. I have not as yet received any letters from my brother. Father Lamberville, the Jesuit, has, fortunately for him, made his escape from among the Iroquois. He would surely have gone into the pot notwithstanding the fact that they have found the flesh of the black-robes quite tasteless.* Our people were much concerned for 1 Of the Indians captured in the expedition of 1687, some were treated as spies, and many of them were sent to the galleys in France. With the treaty of peace, however, the Iroquois demanded their return, and the surviving remnant was sent back to Canada. The war chief referred to was probably Orehaoue, who was regarded by the French as one of the persons most responsible for the Iroquois disaffection. New York Colonial Documents, 9:332, 360-361, 395, 464; Charlevoix (Shea's trans.), History and General Description of New France, 3:276 n. 1 The Abbe Bernou was one of the most steadfast friends of La Salle, and it was he who manufactured the account of the latter's early explorations, including the supposed exploit of canoeing down the Ohio and Illinois rivers as early as 1669 and 1670. Alvord, Illinois Country, 78; Bibliothequc Nationale, 7497:89-90, 97-98, 123-124. 'The Jesuit relations contain numerous accounts of Iroquois cannibalism, especially of captives. But these Indians seem, in some cases, to have believed that the flesh of the French was poisonous. Jesuit Relations, 22:253-257, 283-285; 27:239; 39:93-95, 253-255.

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136 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Nos gens etoient fort en peine de ce pauvre pere, qui les a amuzez iusqu'icy habilement de l'esperance de la paix. The King to Denonville and Champigny, March 8, 1688 A. N., C, B15:ll-17v C., extract A. Versailles le 8 mars 1688. Le projet de fermer Villemarie ne se sc,auroit executer a present veu que Sa Mat? a desja assez d'autres depenses a faire et qu'il est plus a propos d'employer les f onds f aits pour les f ortiffica-tions et la construction des forts qu'ils estiment a propos de faire faire dans les postes qu il est indispensablement necessaire de garder. Sa Mate a fort aprouve qu ils en ayent fait bastir un a Niagara et Elle est persuadee que cela donne occasion aux sauvages amis et surtout aux Ilinois de harceler les Iroquois 1 hiver par des petits partis qu ils trouveront une retraite assuree en ce fort. Elle Translation this poor father, who cleverly hoodwinked the Iroquois with hopes of peace. Versailles, March 8, 1688 The project of walling Montreal cannot be carried out at present considering that his majesty has already enough other expenses to cope with, and that it is better to apply these funds on the fortifications and the construction of forts which they think expedient to have constructed in the posts that it is indispensably necessary to defend. His majesty has thoroughly approved that they have constructed one at Niagara, and he is persuaded that that will give occasion to the friendly Indians, and especially the Illinois, to harass the Iroquois during the winter by means of small parties who will find shelter assured in this fort. He approves, also, that they have completed that of Cataraqui, the necessity and importance of which he knows.

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 137 trouve bon aussy qu ils ayent fait achever celuy de Cataracouy dont Elle connoist la necessite et 1 importance. A l'esgard du grand defaut de la Colonie de se trouver ouverte aux courses des Ennemys, Sa Mate ne voit rien de si necessaire ny de si important que de raprocher les habitations, et de parvenir dans la suite a en composer des bourgs et des villages Elle sc.ait bien que cela est difficile, surtout a present et qu'on ny peut parvenir qu'avec Un temps considerable; mais comme lesdt Srs de Denonville et de Champigny sont sur les lieux et qui peuvent mieux juger que personne de la difficulte ou facilite d'exe-cuter ce projet, Sa Mat? veut qu'ils l'ayent tousjours en veiie et qu'ils se servent des moyens qu'ils trouvent les plus convenables pour y parvenir dans les suites. Elle a veu ce qu'ils escrivent au sujet du sr de Villeneuve in-genieur et puisque ses manieres ne conviennent pas, Elle leur envoye Un ordre pour les faire repasser en franee. Cependant Elle en fait chercher un autre qu'Elle envoyera par le premier vaisseau, et en attendant Elle trouve bon que led. sr de Villeneuve reste en Canada Translation Regarding the great defect of the colony in being exposed to the invasions of the enemy, his majesty sees nothing so necessary or important as to bring together the houses and to succeed eventually in building them up into cities and villages. He knows full well that that is difficult, especially at present, and that it tan only be attained after considerable lapse of time; but as the said Sieurs de Denonville and de Champigny are on the ground and may be able to judge better than anyone the difficulty or ease of carrying out this project, his majesty wishes that they have it always in mind and that they use the means which they find most suitable in order finally to attain it. He has seen what they have written on the subject of the Sieur de Villeneuve, the engineer, and, as his manners are not agreeable, he sends them an order for him to return to France. However, he will look about for another whom he will send by the first ship, and, in the meantime, he approves that the said Sieur de Villeneuve remain in Canada, if the said Sieur de

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138 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS si ledt Sr de Denonville l'estime necessaire. Et a l'esgard du Chlier de la Guerre qui a tue un autre offer L'Intention de Sa Mate est que son proces luy soit fait et qu'il soit mis au Conel de Guerre si on peut l'arrester. Elle a trouve bon qu'ils ayent sursis la pousuite, qui avoit este commence contre un sauvage accuse d'avoir tue un habitant et quoy qu'Elle estime que ce qu'ils ont fait a cet esgard suffise, Elle ne laisse pas de leur envoyer un brevet de grace pour s'en servir s'il est necessr.e II est fort fascheux que les Iroquois ayent enleve huit de nos Canots, estant a craindre que cela ne les enorgueillisse et ne leur fasse refuser les conditions de paix qu'on pourra leur offrir, et cela doit faire connoistre la necessite qu'il y a de prendre de bonnes me-sures et d'estre sur ses gardes pour prevenir de pareils accidens. Sa Mate est surprise qu'ils n'ayent eii aucune nouvelle du Sr de Lassalle depuis qu'il est arrive sur les costes de la Floride. Cept il vient souvent de nouvelles en France qui ont assez de raport a luy, Translation Denonville deems it necessary. And regarding the Chevalier de la Guerre, who has killed another officer, it is his majesty's intention that process be issued against him and that he be tried by a court-martial if he can be arrested. His majesty has approved that they have stopped the prosecution which had been begun against an Indian accused of having killed a colonist; and although he thinks that what they have done in this regard is sufficient, he nevertheless sends them a letter of pardon to be used if it is necessary. It is very annoying that the Iroquois have carried off eight of our canoes, giving rise to the fear that that might embolden them and cause them to refuse the conditions of peace which may be offered to them; that ought to make evident the necessity which exists for taking proper measures and being on guard in order to prevent like accidents. His majesty has been surprised that they have had no news of the Sieur de la Salle since he has arrived on the coasts of Florida. Nevertheless, news frequently is received in France which has reference to him, and it was learned, some little time

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 139 et on appris depuis peu de Cadis que des Francois joints a des naturels de la Baye du St Esprit ont defait 1100. Espagnols. La proposition que le sr de Tonti fait de descendre la riviere de Mississipi avec des barques n'est pas sans difficulte Veu qu'on ne scait pas s il y a des rapides dans cette riviere et si des pareils ba-stim? y pourroient naviguer jusqu'a son embouchure. Dailleurs ce seroit une depense inutile si ledt sr de la Salle avoit reussy. II f aut seulement qu'ils fassent en sorte de decouvrir par quelque voye plus simple ce quil peut estre devenu. Quelques particuliers de Canada et entr'autres le nomine Moyse hilleret1 Charpentier et le sr Breansat2 Bailly de Montreal f Translation since, from Cadiz, that the French united with the natives about the Bay du St. Esprit have defeated 1,100 Spaniards. The proposal which the Sieur de Tonti is making to descend the Mississippi River in barks is not without impediments considering that it is not known if there are rapids in this river and if vessels such as this would be able to navigate as far as its mouth. Moreover it would be a useless expense if the said Sieur de la Salle was successful. It is only necessary that they do something to learn by some more simple means, what has become of him. Some individuals in Canada, and among others, the person named Moyse Hillaret,1 carpenter, and the Sieur Bransac,2 bailiff 'On August 17, 1680, Hillaret declared before Duchesneau that he had formerly been in the service of La Salle and had spent the winter with him at Fort Crevecoeur. Hearing that Fort Frontenac had been seized by La Salle's creditors and, considering La Salle ruined, he had seized goods and furs belonging to the latter to reimburse himself for the three years' wages due him. Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 41. 'Jean Baptiste Migeon de Bransac (Branssac or Branssat), who was baptized in 1639 and died in 1693, was at one time and another procurator-fiscal or bailiff, judge, deputy for the intendant, and lieutenant-general at Montreal. In 1693, when the Sulpicians gave up their right of high justice for Montreal, they nominated him first judge. His name appears with members of an assembly called by the intendant in 1684 to sound out opinion regarding suggested tax changes. He was one of La Salle's creditors. (See post, 287 n.) In 1681, during a quarrel between the intendant, Duchesneau, and the local governor, Perrot, the latter ordered Migeon's arrest when he learned the bailiff was to arrest some of his coureurs de bois. Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 81, 193; Tanguay, Dictionnaire; Parkman: Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV, 69; La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, 434.

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140 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ont fait presenter des placets a Sa Mat? pour estre payez de ce qui leur est deub par led. sr de la salle, II est necessaire qu'il leur fasse sqavoir que Sa Matp n entrera point dans le payement de ces debtes, et que c'est a Eux a se pourvoir sur les effets dud. sr de la salle comme ils adviseront. II faut qu'ils empeschent qu'il ne luy soit fait aucuns frais mal a propos jusqu a ce qu'on scache precisement ce qu'il est devenu. A 1'esgard des concessions faites par ledt Sr de La Salle aux environs du Fort St Louis, puisque cela cause des desordres pareils a ceux qu'ils marquent, Sa MatŁ leur permet de les revoquer, aussy bien que toutes les autres concessions esloignees, leur donnant a cet effet aussy bien que pour establir les traites dans les postes fortif-fiez tout le pouvoir dont ils peuvent avoir besoin. Elle leur recommande de faire cesser les desordres qu'il y a eu dans ces concessions jusqu'a present et ceux qui se commettent dans les bois, et Elle est persuadee qu'ils y parviendront aisement apres la guerre. Cependant Elle a trouve bon qu'ils n'ayent donne aucuns Translation of Montreal, have presented petitions to his maj'esty for the payment of what is due them by the said Sieur de la Salle. It is necessary that they be informed that his maj'esty will not enter into the payment of these debts, and that it is for them to obtain an attachment on the effects of the said Sieur de la Salle if they shall think it advisable. It is necessary that they be prevented from incurring any excessive charges against him till it is known exactly what has become of him. Regarding the concessions of the region about Fort St. Louis given by the said Sieur de la Salle, since they have caused such disorders as those which they indicate, his majesty permits them to revoke them, as well as all the other distant concessions, giving them to that effect, as well as to establish the trade in the fortified posts, all the power which they may require. He enj'oins them to put an end to the disorders which heretofore have taken place in these concessions and those which are being committed in the woods; and he is persuaded that they will do this easily after the war. However, he has approved that they

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 141 congez l'annee derniere pour donner moyen a ceux qui en ont d' achever leur traite et de revenir cette annee. Le Sr Arnoul a fait scavoir a Sa Mat.e que le morceau de cuivre qu'ils luy ont envoye est de tres bonne qualite et il seroit extremt advantageux de pouvoir en decouvrir la mine, Sa Matje desire qu'ils y donnent une attention particuliere; Et comme Elle est persuadee qu'il y en a plusieurs autres en Canada dont le pays peut rec,evoir Une grande Utilite tant pour son usage que pour {'envoy qu'on en pourroit f aire en Europe, II est important qu'ils s'appliquent a en faire rechercher et d examiner en mesme temps les moyens de les mettre en valeur et d'en tirer du promt. A l'esgard des mines de f er que le nomine Hameau a visitees II paroist par son rapport qu'il n'y a pas fait assez d'attention et il faudroit voir avant d'abandonner ce dessein tout ce qui se peut faire la dessus, afin de ne se pas priver legerement d'un semblable secours. Comme par le rapport des Charpentiers que Sa Mat? envoya l'annee derniere en Canada II paroist qu'on en pourroit tirer des Translation gave no conges last year in order to assist those finishing their trading and returning this year. The Sieur Arnoul has informed his majesty that the piece of copper which they have sent is of very good quality, and it would be extremely advantageous to be able to discover the mine. His majesty desires that they give it particular attention; and as he is convinced that there are divers others in Canada from which the country might receive great profit, as much for its own use as for sending to Europe what could be produced, it is important that they apply themselves to seeking out and investigating, at the same time, the means of putting it to use and taking a profit from it. With regard to the iron mines that the person named Hameau has visited, it appears from his report that not enough attention has been given to the matter, and it would be necessary to see what can be done with it before abandoning this plan, rather than give up lightly such a resource. Whereas by the report of the carpenters whom his majesty sent to Canada last year, it appears that masts could be obtained

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142 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS masts propres pour les vaisseaux de Sa MatŁ, Elle a fait proposer aux marchands de la Rochelle d'en apporter en France, et mesme d'en faire scier sur les Jieux en planches et quelques uns luy ont fait esperer d'y travailler, Le nomine Grignon a mesme demande a Sa Mat? deux verges d ancres pour faire deux arbres de moulin qu elle luy a accorde; et comme cet establissement seroit tres Utile et tres considerable pour le pays Elle desire qu'ils donnent a cet homme toute la protection et tout le secours dont ils auront besoin. A l'esgard des masts ces marchands demanderoient que ceux de Canada les fissent abbattre et voiturer jusqu'au bord du fleuve. II est necessaire qu'ils taschent de les y engager, ce qui seroit d autant plus a desirer que ce travail se f aisant en hiver occuperoit une partie des habitans pendant ce temps durant lequel Ils ont accoustume de ne rien faire. Sa Mate a donne ordre aux Sr.s de Mauclert et de la Boulaye de donner toute sorte de secours aux marchands qui veulent entreprendre des pesches dans le fleuve St Laurens, Et Elle desire qu'ils portent autant qu'ils pourront les Translation suitable for the vessels of his majesty, he has proposed to the merchants of Rochelle that they bring some to France and also that they saw some up into planks on the ground. Some people have given him cause to hope that they would undertake to work there. The person named Grignon has requested of his majesty two anchor shanks in order to make two mill shafts, which he has granted to him; and as this establishment would be very profitable and important for the country, he desires that they give this man all the assistance and protection which he will require. With regard to the masts, these merchants would request that the Canadians fell them and convey them to the banks of the river. It is necessary that they try to set them at it, which would be the more to be desired as this work, being done in the winter, would occupy a portion of the inhabitants at a time during which they have been accustomed to do nothing. His majesty has given orders to the Sieurs de Mauclert and de Boulaye to give every manner of assistance to the merchants who wish to attempt fishing in the St. Lawrence River; and he desires that they induce as many of the colonists as possible to join with them in the establishing of

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KING TO DENONVILLE AND CHAMPIGNY 143 habitans a se joindre a Eux pour 1 etablissement de ces pesches et qu ils les excitent par toute sorte de moyens a surmonter leur paresse naturelle ce qui seul est capable de les tirer de la misere dans laquelle Ils marquent qu'ils sont. Sa Mat.Ł a veu ce qu'ils ont escrit au sujet des Chaudieres de la Brasserie. C'est a ceux qui proposent de s'en servir pour faire de la biere a les achepter, et Sa Mat? ne peut pas entrer dans aucune depense a cet esgard, outre que ceux qui f eront cette entreprise y trouveront assez leur compte pour faire la depense de l'establisse-ment. A l'esgard de la poudre qu'ils marquent que le Traittant ne diminue point, Sa Mate leur en fait envoyer dix miliers par les premers vaisseaux, qu'EUe consent qu'ils donnent aux habitans a 30V le quintal, et Elle en a fait diminuer la valeur sur les fonds qui doivent estre remis cette annee en Canada. Sa MaĄ leur renvoye un placet qui luy a este presente de la part du Oilier de Merville1 qui commande une Corapagnie en Can- Translation these fisheries, and they urge them by all sorts of means to overcome their natural laziness as the only course for extricating them from the poverty in which they appear to be. His majesty has seen what you have written on the subject of the brewery kettles. It is for those who propose to use them to make beer to purchase them, and his majesty cannot enter into any expense on this account. Besides that, those who will be undertaking this enterprise will find their profit sufficient to cover the cost of this establishment. With regard to the powder on which they remark that the price is not lowered, his majesty is having ten thousand-weight sent to them by the first vessels, which he consents that they give to the colonists at thirty ttvres the quintal, and he deducts the amount from the funds which should be remitted to Canada this year. His majesty sends them a petition which was presented to him on behalf of the Chevalier de Merville,1 who commands a * Claude-Charles le Goues de Merville. The brother, who is also mentioned, was Le Goues de Preau, Chevalier de Gres.

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144 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ada et qui demande une concession vers le lac de Temycannique ou il desire s'establir avec le sr Ch. de Preaux son frere, et Elle desire qu'ils examinent s'il n'y a point d'inconvenient de leur accorder cette grace, auquel cas Sa Mat.e trouve bon qu'ils Ten mettent en possession, et Elle leur en envoyera ensuite la confirmation. A 1'esgard des concessions qu'ils ont donnees a plusieurs par-ticuliers qui leur en ont demande, Sa Mat.e les a confirmees, Elle leur envoye les expeditions necessaires sur ce sujet, et Elle leur recommande de tenir la main a ce que ceux a qui Us les ont ac-cordees y batissent incessamment. - a Translation company in Canada, and who requests a grant on Lake Temis-caming, where he desires to establish himself with the Sieur Chevalier de Preau, his brother; and his majesty desires that they investigate and, if it is not inexpedient, grant them this favor, in which event his majesty approves that they place them in possession of it, and he will send them the confirmation later. Regarding the grants which they have made to numerous individuals who have requested them, his majesty confirms them. He is sending them the necessary dispatches on this subject, and he enjoins them to give assistance to those who have grants that they may build immediately.

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ENGAGEMENT OF MOUSSEAUX TO PERROT 145 Engagement of Mousseaux to Perrot, May 14,1688 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 14e may 1688 Engagement de Mousseaux dit Laviolette1 Au Sr Nicolas perrot pour Le voiage des Maskoutins nadouassious Pardevant Anthoine Adhemar greffier nore & tabellion de lisle de montreal residant a ville marie & tesmoings En fin nommes furent pnts Sr Nicolas perrot de la Riviere St Michel pres Les trois Rivieres de pnt en Cette ville d'Une part; Et Jacques Mousseaux dit Laviolette demeurant En cette Isle dautre part, Les-quelles parties de leurs bons Gres & volontes ont Convenu & accorde ce quy Ensuit Scavoir que Led Mousseaux Cest alloue & Engage Aud Sr perrot pour faire Le voiage ds Maskoutins nadouassious & de partir ds demain ou apres demain & Revenir Lau-thonne de lannee prochaine mil Six cens quatre vingt Neuf pendant Leql Temps II sera tenu de trawailler por Led Sr perrot & faire tout ce qui Luy sera Comande dhonneste & de Licitte Le {Translation May 14, 1688 Engagement of Mousseaux, called Laviolette,1 to the Sieur Nicolas Perrot for the voyage to the Mascouten and Sioux. Before Antoine Adhemar, recorder, notary, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses below named, were present the Sieur Nicolas Perrot, of the River St. Michel, near Three Rivers, at present in this city, on the one part, and Jacques Mousseaux, called Laviolette, residing in this isle, on the other part, which parties of their good and free will have covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say that the said Mousseaux has bound and engaged himself with the said Sieur Perrot to make the voyage to the Mascouten and Sioux and to set off tomorrow or the day after tomorrow and return in the autumn of the next year, 1689, during which time he shall be bound to work for the said Sieur Perrot and to do all that shall be commanded him that is honest and licit, as promptly and faithfully as he can, and to work for the profit of the said Sieur Perrot lA Jacques Mousseaux, called Laviolette, was baptized in 1631, and married on September 16, 1658, at Montreal.

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146 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS plus prompt. & fidellement que faire ce pourra, & faire Le proffit dud Sr perrot & ladvertir de son domage Sil vient a Sa Cognois-sance Et led S' perrot promet de fournir des vivres aud Mousseaux pendant Le susd temps Et oultre La Somme de trois Cens Livres que Led Sr perrot paiera aud mousseau au retour de son voiage En Cetted ville En argent nonnoye, Sera permis aud mousseaux dapporter auxd pais un fusil Six Chemises & un Capot quil pourra traicter Sy bon luy Semble a Son proffit Lesquels fusils chemises & capot II achaptera en Son par'er Et attendeu que led Mousseaux doits partir de cetted ville en bref & en dilli-gence Led S? perrot promet de faire aporter ausd pais por Led mousseaux Lesd fusil Capot & Chemises Lesquelles seront aux risques dud mousseaux Coinme aussy Led mousseaux aura a Son Retour Son appichimo de dix Castors Et Ce oultre Les susd Gages Car ainsy &c prot &c oB &c renonst &c faict & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingts huict Le quatorsiesme Jour de may apres midy En pnt de francois Bour- Translation and to avert any loss for him if it comes to his knowledge; and the said Sieur Perrot promises to furnish provisions to the said Mousseaux during the aforesaid time and in addition the sum of 300 livres, which the said Sieur Perrot will pay to the said Mousseaux on the return from his voyage in this city in silver money. The said Mousseaux shall be allowed to carry to the said country a gun, six shirts, and a capot, which he may trade for his profit as seems good to him, which aforesaid gun, shirts, and capot he shall buy at his own cost; and since the said Mousseaux should depart from this city shortly and immediately, the said Sieur Perrot promises to have brought to the said country for the said Mousseaux the said gun, capot, and shirts, which shall be at the risk of the said Mousseaux; further the said Mousseaux shall have on his return his apichinto of ten beavers and in addition the aforesaid wages. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating themselves, etc., and waiving, etc., made and passed at Villemarie in the office of the said notary, May 14, 1688, in the afternoon-, in

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ENGAGEMENT TO LA FOREST, 1688 147 gonnieres1 & Julien Beausseault2 Clercs tesmoings demeurants aud ville marie Sousnes avec Lesd Sr perrot & nore, Led mous-seaux a declare ne Scavoir Signer de Ce Enquis Suivant Lordce apres Lecture faicte bourgonnieres n. perrot Beaussault Adhemar nore Engagement of Rouillard and Froment to La Forest, July 5, 1688 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 5 Juillet 1688 Engagement de Rouillard & froment a Mr de Laforest Pardevant anthoine adhemar greffier notaire et tabellion de Lisle de montreal residant a ville marie et tesmoings Enfin nommes furent present en Leurs personnes Sieur francois de Laforest Translation the presence of Francois Bourgonniere1 and Julien Beaussault," clerks and witnesses, residing in the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur Perrot and the notary. The said Mousseaux has declared he does not know how to sign on being interrogated in accord with the ordinance after reading of the document. Bourgonniere N. Perrot Beaussault Adhemar, notary July 5, 1688 Engagement of Rouillard and Froment to Monsieur de la Forest. Before Antoine Adhemar, recorder, notary, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses below named, were present in person Sieur Franqois de la Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and 'Barthelemy-Francois Bourgonniere, baptized in 1666, is listed by Tan- 1 Julien Beaussault was with the missionary Germain Monn at St Arme in 1690.

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148 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Capitaine dans Le detachement de La marine d'une part, et Math-ieu Rouillard de batiscan et Jean fromant de present en Cette ville dautre part Lesqueles parties de Leurs bons grez et volontes ont Convenu et accorde Ce qui en suit, Scavoir que Les dits Rouillards et fromant Se sont obliges et sobligent par ses pre-sentes de Servir pendant un an a Commancer du Jour quiles sem-barqueront en Cette ville que Sera a La premiere requisition qui Leurs en sera faictes par Ledit Sieur de La forest ou autres de son ordre a peine de tous despens domages et Interest pendant Lequel Us seront tenus de faire pour Ledit Sieur de La forest et pour La Communaute quil a aus dits pays des Islinnois et autres nations Sauvages tout Ce qui Leur sera Commande dhonneste et de licitte pendant Lequel temps Les dits Rouillard et fromant seront nourris depuis Le Jour de Leurs deppart Jusques a La fin du susdt temps Et outre moyennant La Somme de deux cent livres pour un chacun des susdittes gages en Castor au prix du bureau de quebec que Ledit Sieur de Laforest promet de leurs Translation Mathieu Rouillard, of Batiscan, and Jean Froment, at present in this city, on the other part, which parties voluntarily and of their own free will have covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say, the said Rouillard and Froment have obligated themselves and obligate themselves by these presents to serve during one year commencing on the day that they embark in this city, which shall be at the first request which will be made them by the said Sieur de la Forest or others under his orders, under penalty of all expenses, damages, and interest; during the said year they shall be bound to do for the said Sieur de la Forest and for the partnership which he has in the said country of the Illinois and other Indian nations, all that shall be ordered them that is honest and licit; during this time the said Rouillard and Froment shall be subsisted from the day of their departure to the end of the aforesaid time; and in further consideration they shall receive the sum of 200 livres for each of the above named as wages in beaver at the price of the bureau at Quebec, which the said Sieur de la Forest promises to pay them in the said country of the Illinois,

171 0149

ENGAGEMENT TO LA FORESTt 1688 149 payer ausdit pays des Islinnois Lesquels payements en Castor Les dits Rouillard et froment pourront Si bon Leurs semblent em-barquer dans Les Canots de La ditte Communaute et dans Ceux Lesquels Us descenderont, Sera Loisible aus dits Rouillard et froment de traictter a leur promt Chacun Leur fusil, une couverte, quatre chemises quils achepteront a Leurs frais et despens et a Leurs Risques et apres que Les Marchandises de La sus ditte Communaute seront traictes Et Les pelleteries qui en proviende-ront Les apporteront dans Le Canot ou Us descenderont, Et en cas que Les dits Rouillard froment demeuront aus dits pays plus que La ditte annee, Le dit Sieur de Laf orest Sera tenu Les payes Sur Le pied des dits deux cent Livres par an et Sy Us sont moins que La ditte annee sera disminue approrata du temps qui restera dicelle et en cas que Lon ne monte pas du tout ausdits pays des 8 ta 8 ois Le present Marche sera nul de part et dautre Car ainsy &c promettant &c obligeant &c Renonseant &c fait Et passe audit ville Marie Estude dudit notaire Lan mil Six cent quatre vingt huit Le Cinquesme Jour de Juillet avant Midy en presence des Translation which payments in beaver the said Rouillard and Froment can, if it seems best to them, load in the canoes of the said partnership in which they shall come down; the said Rouillard and Froment shall be permitted to trade on their own account, each one his gun, a blanket, and four shirts, which they shall buy at their own expense and cost and at their own risk, and the furs gained in trade for the merchandise of the partnership aforesaid may be brought in the canoe in which they come down; and in case the said Rouillard and Froment remain in the said country more than the said year, the said Sieur de la Forest shall be bound to pay them at the rate of the said 200 livres a year, and if they are there less than the said year the amount shall be decreased in proportion to the time that shall remain; and in case the journey up to the said country of the Ottawa is not made, the present bargain shall be void on the one side and the other. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obliging, etc., and waiving, etc., made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, July 5, 1688,

172 0150

150 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sns pierre Cabazie1 & Silvain Guerin1 tesmoings demeurants audit viUe Marie soubsignez avec Ledit Sieur De Laforest et notaire Les dits Rouillard et froment ont declare ne Scavoir signer de Ce enquis apres Lecture faitte Suivant Lordonnance Cabazie f DeLaforest sillevain guerin Adhemar Engagement of Morin to La Forest, July 23, 1688 Notarial file of A. Adh6mar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 23 Juillet 1688 Engagement de Morin a Mr de Laforest Pardevant anthoine adhemar greffier notaire et tabellion de Lisle du montreal residant a ville Marie & tesmoings enfin, Nommes furent presents en Leurs personnes Sieur francois de Translation in the forenoon, in the presence of the Sieur Pierre Cabazie1 and Sylvain Guerin,2 witnesses undersigned, dwelling in the said Ville-marie, by the said Sieur de la Forest and the notary; the said Rouillard and Froment have declared they do not know how to sign the document on being interrogated after it was read according to the ordinance. Cabazie F. de la Forest Sylvain Guerin Adhemar July 23, 1688 Engagement of Morin to Monsieur de la Forest. Before Antoine Adhemar, recorder, notary, and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses below named, were present in person the Sieur Francois de la . * Pierre Cabazie' (or Cabassier), baptized in 1641, bailiff and deputy attorney for the king, was at this time a resident of Montreal. Appointed notary in 1674, he served apparently until 1693. The first two volumes of Tanguay differ as to date of his death, the first giving 1691 and the second 1715. Roy (Histoire du Notariat au Canada, 1:145-146) supports the latter as more nearly accurate because of appointments to Cabazie in 1696 and 1703. 1 Sylvain Guerin was a shoemaker in Montreal at this time.

173 0151

ENGAGEMENT OF MORIN TO LA FOREST ^ Laforest Capitaine dans Le detachement de La marine dune part, et anthoine Morin de Lachine voyageur de present en cette ville dautre part Lesquels parties de Leurs bons gres et volontes ont de bonne foy convenu et accorde Ce que ensuit Scavoir que Ledit Morin promet et soblige dayder a amener un Canot de La Chisne Jusques au fort Saint .Louis au pais des Islinnois avec tel autre homme que Ledit Sieur de La forest Luy baillera charge de Mil pezant et dayder de sa personne a son retour a descendre un Canot charge de pelletteries pour Ledit Sieur de La forest, a La charge par Ledit Sieur de Laforest de fournir des vivres et un Canot pour aller Jusques audit fort Saint Louis et pour Son retour suivant quon a accoustume de faire aux voyageurs et pendant Le sesjour que Ledit Morin fera audit pays des Islinnois II Ce nourrira a Ses frais et despens et en cas quil ny eust pas deau a La Riviere des Islinnois pour passer avec Les Canots Le dit Sieur de Laforest promet de fournir du monde pour ayder a porter ou traisner Les dittes Marchandises a ses frais et despens Et outre promet Ledit Translation Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and Morin, of Lachine, voyageur, at present in this city, on the other part; which parties voluntarily of their own free will have in good faith covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say, the said Morin promises and obligates himself to aid in taking a canoe from Lachine to Fort St. Louis in the country of the Illinois with such other men as the said Sieur de la Forest shall assign to him, loaded with a thousand weight, and to aid personally on his return in bringing down a canoe loaded with peltries for the said Sieur de la Forest, on the stipulation by the said Sieur de la Forest of furnishing provisions and taking canoe for the trip to the said Fort St. Louis and for his return according to what is customarily done for voyageurs; and during this sojourn that the said Morin shall make in the said country of the Illinois, he shall be subsisted at his cost and expense; and in case there is no water in the river of the Illinois to float the canoes, the said Sieur de la Forest promises to furnish people to help in carrying or dragging the said merchandise at his cost and expense} and further the said

174 0152

152 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Sieur de La forest de bailler et payer audit Morin pour Son voyage pour aller et revenir audit pays des Islinnois La somme de trois Cent Livres en Castor audit fort de Saint Louis desque Ledit Morin y sera arrive. Permettant Ledit Sieur de Laforest audit Morin dapporter audit pays des Islinnois Jusques a La Somme de Cent Livres en Marchandises et autres choses pour avoir des vivres pour subcister pendant Le sesjour quil Sera oblige de faire audit pays despuis son arrivee Jusques a Son deppart et pour y traicttes, des queles Marchandises et autres choses quil portera audit pays des Islinnois sera tenu den donner un estat audit Sieur de La forest et un autre quil gardera devers Luy Signe dudt Sieur de La forest, faute de Ce La susditte permission sera nulle. Est accorde que Ledit Morin Embarquera dans Le Canot ou II Sera en descendant Les pelletteries quil recepvra audit fort pour Les dits trois Cent Livres de son voyage et Celles quil pourra traictter provenant des dittes Marchandises ou de partie d Icelles, Ensemble un paquet de Castor quil a audit pays des Islinnois et ce Translation Sieur de la Forest promises to give and pay to the said Morin for his voyage to go and return from the said country of the Illinois the sum of 300 livres in beaver at the said Fort St. Louis when the said Morin shall have arrived there; the said Sieur de la Forest further promises the said Morin that he may carry to said country of the Illinois up to the sum of 100 livres in merchandise and other things in order to have provisions to subsist himself during the sojourn that he shall be obliged to make in the said country from his arrival until his departure and in order that he may trade there. He shall be bound to give to the said Sieur de la Forest a list of what merchandise and other things he shall take to the said country of the Illinois, as well as another list which he shall keep with him, signed by the said Sieur de la Forest, for want of which the aforesaid permission shall be void. It is further allowed that the said Morin shall load in the canoe in which he comes down the peltries which he shall receive at the said fort for the said 300 livres of his voyage and those for which he may be able to trade in return for the aforesaid merchandise or for a part

175 0153

ENGAGEMENT OF MORIN TO LA FOREST 453 Sans aucune diminution de La Susditte Somme de trois cent Livres Car ainsy &c promettant &c obligeant &c rennonseant &c fait et passe audit ville Marie estude dudit notaire Lan mil six cent quatre vingt huit Le vingt troisiesme Jour de Juillet avant Midy en presence de francois Lory1 et Julien Beaussault tesmoings soubsignez avec Ledit Sieur de Laforest et notaire Ledit Morin a declare ne scavoir escrire ne Signer de ce enquis apres Lecture faitte Suivant Lordonnance. f DeLaforest Lory BeaussauLt Adhemar Translation of it, as well as a packet of beaver which he has in the aforesaid country of the Illinois, and that without any deduction whatsoever from the aforesaid sum of 300 livres. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating, etc., and waiving, etc.; made and passed in the said Villemarie in the office of the aforesaid notary, July 23, 1688, in the morning, in the presence of Franqois Lory1 and Julien Beaussault, witnesses, undersigned with the aforesaid Sieur de la Forest and the notary; the said Morin when questioned has declared that he does not know how to write or to sign the document on being interrogated after it was read in accord with the ordinance. F. de la Forest Lory Beaussault Adhemar 'Either Francois Lory whose approximate dates are 1646-1702, or his son Francois, who was baptized in 1671 and died in 1703, may be referred to here.

176 0154

154 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Engagement of Beaujean to La Forest, July 24, 1688 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. Mr de La forest & beaujean1 marche Non Signe 24 Juillet 1688 Pardevant Antoine Adhemar Nore Et tabellion de lisle de montreal Et temoin Enfin Nommes furent present En leurs per-sonnes Sieur francois de la forest Cappitaine dans le dettachement de la marine dune part Et antoine Beaujan de cette isle voyageur de present En cette ville dautre part lesquelles partyes de leurs bons gres et volontes ont de bonne foy, Convenu Et accorde Ce qu'Ensuit Scavoir que ledit beaujan promet Et soblige dayder a amene un Canot de la chisne jusqu'au fort St Louis au pays des Islinois avec tel autre homme; que ledit Sieur de la forest luy baillera charge de Mil pesant et dayder de sa personne, a son retour, a descendre un canot charge de peltries; pour led Sr de la forest a la charge par ledit Sieur de la forest de fournir des vivres Translation Monsieur de la Forest and Beaujean,1 bargain not signed. July 24, 1688 Before Antoine Adhemar, notary and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, and the witness named below were present in person the Sieur de la Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and Antoine Beaujean, of this isle, voyageur, at present in this city, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have in good faith covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say that the said Beaujean promises and obligates himself to help in taking a canoe loaded with one thousand weight from Lachine to Fort St. Louis in the country of the Illinois with another man whom the said Sieur de la Forest shall assign to him, and to aid personally on his return in bringing down a canoe loaded with peltries for the said Sieur de la Forest; on the stipulation that the said Sieur de la Forest shall furnish him with provisions and a canoe in order to go to the said Fort St. Louis and for his return according to what is customarily done for 'Antoine Beaujean, baptized in 1668, killed by the Iroquois in 1693.

177 0155

ENGAGEMENT OF BEAUJEAN JQ LA FOREST 155 et un Canot pour aller Jusqu'au dit fort St louis, Et pour Son retour Suivant qu'on a accoustume de faire aux voyageur, Et pendant le sejour que led Beaujan fera aud pays des Islinois II se Nourrira a ses f raix Et depens Et En Cas ql Ny eue pas deau dans la riviere des Islinois pour passer les Canots le dit Sieur de la forest promet de fournir du Monde pour ayder a porter ou traisner les marchandises a ses fraix Et depens, Et outre promet ledit Sieur de la forest de bailler Et payer audit beaujan pour son voyage pour aller et revenir dud pays des Islinois la somme de trois Cens livres En Castor aud fort de St louis, des que Led beaujan y sera arrive Promettant ledit Sieur de laf orest aud Beaujan d'aporter aud pais des Islinois Jusqu'a la somme de cent livres En marchandises Et autres choses pour avoir des vivres pour Subsister pendant le sejour quil sera oblige de faire aud pays depuis Son arrive Jusqu'a son depart Et pourra y traittes, des-quelles Marchandises Et autres choses quyl portera aud pays des Islinois Sera tenu d'en donne un estat aud Sieur de la forest Et Translation a voyageur; and during the sojourn which the said Beaujean shall make in the said country of the Illinois, he shall subsist himself at his cost and expense; and in case there is no water in the river of the Illinois to float the canoe, the said Sieur de la Forest promises to furnish people to help in carrying or dragging the merchandise at his expense and cost; and further the said Sieur de la Forest promises to give and pay to the said Beaujean for his voyage going and returning to the said country of the Illinois the sum of 300 livres in beaver at the said Fort St. Louis whenever the said Beaujean shall have arrived; the said Sieur de la Forest permits the said Beaujean to carry to the said country of the Illinois and to trade there up to the sum of 100 livres in merchandise and other things, that he may have provisions to support himself during the sojourn he shall be obliged to make in the said country from his arrival to his departure; he shall be bound to give a list to the Sieur de la Forest of the merchandise and other things that he shall carry to the said country of the Illinois, as well as another list which he shall keep by him, signed by the said Sieur de la Forest,

178 0156

156 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS un autre ql gardera devers luy Signe dud Sr de la forest faute de ce la susd permission sera nulle Est accorde que led Beaujan Embarquera dans le Canot ou II sera En descendant, les peltries ql recevra aud fort pour lesd trois cens livres de son voyage Et Celles quil pourra traitte provenant desd marchandises ou de partye d'Icelles Ensemble un paquet de Castor ql a audit pays des Islinois, Et Ce sans aucune diminuon de la susd Somme de trois Cens livres Car ainsy &c prometant &c obligeant & renoncant &c fait Et passe audit ville marie Estude dudit Nor.e L anmil Six cent quatre vint huit le vint quatrieme Jour de Juillet apres Midy En presence de francois Lory Et Julien Beaussault tesmoins quy ont Signe avec ledit Sieur de la forest Et Nor.e Sousne En la Minutte des presentes ledit beaujan a dit Et declare Ne Scavoir Signe de ce faire Enquis suivont lordonnance. Translation for want of which the aforesaid permission shall be void. It is allowed that the said Beaujean may load in the canoe in which he shall come down the peltries that he shall receive at the said fort for the said 300 livres for his voyage, as well as those which he may barter for the aforesaid merchandise or for a part of it, as well as a packet of beaver which he has in the said country of the Illinois, and this without any diminution of the said sum of 300 livres. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating, etc, and waiving, etc.; made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, July 24, 1688, in the afternoon, in presence of Franqois Lory and Julien Beaussault, witnesses, who have signed with the said Sieur de la Forest and the notary, undersigned the minute of the present agreement; the said Beaujean has said and declared that he does not know how to sign on being interrogated according to the ordinance.

179 0157

jf ENGAGEMENT TO LA FOREST, 1688 157 Engagement of Heurtebise to La Forest, July 26, 1688 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 26 juillet 1688 Engaget de Jean hurtebise1 a Mr de La forest Pardevant &c fut pnt Sr fran de La forest cappne du dettache-ment de la marine dune part Et Jean hurtebise dmt en Cette Isle dautre part, Lesql?s parties de Leurs bons grez & volontes ont Convenu & accorde ce quy Ensuit Scavoir que Led hurtebise Sest alloue & engage aud Sr de Laforest pour aller aux pais ds Islinois & nations voisines & promet a ses fins de partir a la premiere requion que Luy En sera f aite a peyne de tous dspens domages & Intherests pour revenir Lauthonne de mil Six Cens quatre vingt neuf au plus tard, pendt Lequel temps a aller sesjour & retour Led hurtebise promet de bien & fidellet faire Le proffit dud Sr de Laforest & dobeir en tout Ce qui Luy sera Commande dhonneste & de Licitte & quil pourra faire; fr.e Le proffit dud Sr de la forest & Ladvertir de Son Dommage sil vient a sa Cognaissance ou ceux Translation July 26, 1688 Engagement of Jean Heurtebise1 to Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., were present Sieur Francois de la Forest, captain of the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and Jean Heurtebise, living in this isle, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have covenanted and agreed as follows: that is to say, that the said Heurtebise has agreed and engaged with the said Sieur de la Forest to go to the country of the Illinois and the neighboring nations and promises for this to set out at the first request which shall be made to him, under penalty of all the expenses, damages, and interests, to return in the autumn of the year 1689 at the latest, during which time of going, sojourning, and returning the said Heurtebise promises to pursue well and faithfully the profit of the said Sieur de la Forest and to obey him in everything that may be commanded him that is honest and licit and that he may be able to do, to seek the profit of the said Sieur de la Forest and to warn of any loss that comes Heurtebise, baptized June 4, 166S.

180 0158

158 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS quy auront de luy charge sans pouvoir par Led viger1 sabsenter ny abandonner Le Service dud Sr de la forest sans quelques pre-texte que Ce soit q du consent* dud Sr de Laforest ou autres ayant de luy charge sous Les peynes portees par Les reglet du Conseil Souverain de ce pais A la charge q. led Sr de la forest fournira de vivres aud hurtebise pendt Led temps A Commancer du Jour de Son dspart Jusques a Celluy de Son retour En Cette ville suivant Lusage ds voiageurs Et oultre La somme de deux Cents Cin-quante Livres en Castor au prix du bureau de quebec paiaB. ds que Led hurtebise sera arrive ausd pais ds Islinois, que led Sr de la forest promet & sera tenu luy paye ausd pais pour Ses gages & salaires pendt Le susd temps Comme aussy Led Sr de la forest per-met aud hurtebise de traicter a son proffit son fusil & sa couverte Et Les pelleteries quil En fera Les Embarquera avec Lesd trois Translation to his knowledge, either him or those who shall have charge under him, without power on the part of the said Viger1 to absent himself or abandon the services of the said Sieur de la Forest under any pretext whatever save with the consent of the said Sieur de la Forest, or other in charge for him, under the penalty provided by the regulations of the Sovereign Council of this country; it is further stipulated that the said Sieur de la Forest will furnish provisions to the said Heurtebise during the time from the day of departure to that of his return to this city according to the custom of the voyageurs, and further the sum of 250 livres in beaver at the price of the bureau at Quebec, payable when the said Heurtebise shall have arrived at the said country of the Illinois, which the said Sieur de la Forest promises and will be bound to pay in the aforesaid country for his wages and salaries during the aforesaid time; and also -the said Sieur de la Forest permits the said Heurtebise to trade for his profit, his gun and his blanket, and to load the peltries he may obtain for them, together with the said 300 livres in beaver, in the canoe in which he comes down. 1 At this point the copyist notes the following: Transcript to contract was at first drawn up by another, for "Heurtebise" is everywhere written over a different name. The notary has forgotten to write over the name of the first contractor in this place.

181 0159

ENGAGEMENT OF TARDIF TO LA FOREST 159 Cents Livres En Castor dans Le Canot ou II sera En dessendant Car ainsy &c prot &c oB. &c Renons* &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingt huit Le vingt Sixiesme Jour de Juillet avant midy En pnts de francois Lory & Julien Beaussault tesmoings demeurant aud ville marie Sousnes avec Led Sr de La forest & nore Led hurtebise a declare ne scavoir Signer de ce Enquis apres Lecture faicte Suivant Lordce BeaussauLt Lory Adhemar Nore Engagement of Tardif to La Forest, July 29, 1688 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 29? Juillet 1688 Engaget de francois Tardy a mr de Laforest Pardt &c fut pnt frangois Tardy chirurgien demt en cette ville Lequel de gre Cest alloue pour Sieur fran De La forest cappne dans Le dettachement de la marine dpnt En Cette ville a Ce pnt & acceptant pour deux annees Entieres a Commancer de Translation For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating, etc., and waiving, etc.; made and passed at Villemarie in the office of the said notary, July 26, 1688, in the morning, in the presence of Franc,ois Lory and Julien Beaussault, witnesses, residing in the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de la Forest and the notary. The said Heurtebise has declared that he does not know how to sign on being interrogated after the reading of the document in accord with the ordinance. Beaussault Lory Adhemar, notary July 29, 1688 Engagement of Francois Tardif to Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., was present Francois Tardif, surgeon, residing in this city, who of his own free will has agreed with the Sieur Francois de la Forest, captain in the detachment of the marine, living in this city, here present and assenting to go to the said

182 0160

160 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Ce Jour pour aller aux pais ds Islinois dit La Louisiane, Ou Estant II sera tenue de trawailler dson art & mestier pour Led Sieur de Laforest un tel au'es quy auroit pouvoir dud Sr de laforest Sans pouvoir pendant Led temps aller servir ailleurs ny faire aucune chose en Son pour bien & fidellet servir Led Sr de Laforest ou Ceux quy auront de luy charge pendant Le susd temps en tout ce quy Concernera Son art Seullt fera Le promt dud Sr delaforest Ladvertira de son domage Sil vient a Sa Cog-noissance a la charge quil sera traicte humaint comme II appartient Et auquel Tardy Led Sr de Laforest promet de luy fournir pendt Lesd deux Annees ses vivres & aliments suivant & conformt a Lusage dud pays ds Islinois Et oultre de Luy payer pour une Chascune desd deux annees La Somme de quatre Cens Livres pour ses gages & Salaires en bons Castors ausd pais ds Islinois au prix du bureau de quebec, a f ure & a mesure quil Les Gaignera, & et a permis aud Tardy demporter de Cette ville Du Linge chauds Translation country of the Illinois called Louisiana for two entire years commencing with this day; there he shall be bound to work at his art and profession for the said Sieur de la Forest or others having charge for the said Sieur de la Forest, without power during the said time to go to serve elsewhere or to do anything in his power sic ; he shall well and faithfully serve the Sieur de la Forest or those who shall have charge under him during the aforesaid time in all which concerns his art. He shall seek solely the profit of the said Sieur de la Forest and shall warn him of his loss if it comes to his knowledge; all this is on the stipulation that he shall be treated kindly as befits him; and during the two years the said Sieur de la Forest promises to furnish him, the aforesaid Tardif, his provisions and food, following and conforming to the custom of the said country of the Illinois, and further to pay him for each of the said two years the sum of 400 livres for his wages and salaries in good beaver of the said country of the Illinois at the price of the bureau of Quebec in the sort and measure that he shall earn them; and it is also permitted to the said Tardif to carry

183 0161

ENGAGEMENT OF TARDIF TO LA FOREST 161 pour son usage & service pendt Le susd temps sans paie aucun port Jusques ausd pais des Islinois Car ainsy &c promettant &c obligeant &c renoncans* &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nor.e Lan mil six Cens quatre vingt huit Le vingt neuf viesme jour de Juillet avant midy En pnt de Sieur pierre Cabazie Et francois Lory tesmoings demeurant aud ville marie Sousn?s avec Lesd Sr dela forest tardy nore apres Lecture faite suivant Lordonnance Cabazie f DeLaforest Lory francois Tardif Adhemar Nor.e Translation from this city fresh linen for his use and service during the aforesaid time without paying anything for transport to the said country of the Illinois. For thus promising, etc., obligating, etc., waiving, etc., made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, July 29, 1688, in the forenoon, in the presence of the Sieur Pierre Cabazie and Franqois Lory, undersigned witnesses, living in the said Villemarie, by the said Sieur de la Forest, Tardif, and notary, after the reading of the document in accord with the ordinance. Cabazie F. de la Forest Lory Franqois Tardif Adhemar, notary

Chapter IV 184 0162

CHAPTER IV Statement of Account for Illinois Trade C.H.S., Schmidt Collection D.S. facture des Marchandises Livree pour la Cog n' de Madame antaya1 Livree au Sieur francoise Cottu d Le picard De la Valtrie,2 Joseph pelletier Et Michel pour Estre paye en Castor au prix du bureau du Roy a quebec pour lettre d echange pour france le 3e aoust 1688 a leur retour des Illinois ou ils vont faire Leur traitte" Premierement 10 au de toille a 35 ( au 17:10 19 au y2 Serge a Capot a 4» 5 ( 83: 0 Translation List of the merchandise delivered for the account of Madame Antaya1 to the Sieur Frangois Cottu, called Le Picard and De la Valtrie,4 Joseph Pelletier and Michel Pelletier, to be paid for in beaver at the price set by the king's bureau at Quebec for letters of exchange on France, August 3, 1688, on their return from the Illinois where they are going to trade.* Firstly Livru Sols Deniers 10 yards of linen at 35 sols a yard 17 10 19 yards jŁ of capot serge at 4 livres, 5 sols 83 0 1 Madame Antaya, wife of Francois Pelletier, was, prior to her marriage, Marguerite-Madeleine Morisseau. She was twenty-four years old at the time of the census of 1667. The son Joseph, who is mentioned, was born in 166S; Michel in 1674. The name Antaya seems to have become affixed to the family name because of an earlier marriage of the elder Pelletier with a Christian Indian. Tanguay, Dictionnmre; Wisconsin Historical Collections, 16:423 n.; Suite, Histoire des Canadiens-Francms 1608-1880, vols. 4, 5. 'Francois Cottu de la Valtrie, master butcher, baptized in 1651. His family came from Picardy, hence le Picard. * The interest of this document is its list of trade goods for the Illinois with annexed prices. The later items manifestly include goods and services furnished for the personal use of Madame Antaya and her daughter-in-law. 162

185 0163

ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE 163 10 Capotes bleufes a 8« 10 ( y) 85: :0 18 au Yi etoffe a Capot Rouge a 4H 5 ( au 74:10 3 Couverts de Normandye a 8H sP 24: 0 23 E Coutteaux boucheronne a 40 ( y 46: 0 3 E ditto grand a 3» E 9:0 8» de fil a coudre a 3« 24: 0 12 ^ de baie de Traitte a 45 ( : ^ 27: 0 2 grandes Couvertes a 16& ^ 32: 0 2 ditto a 10H ^ 20: 0 5 grands just a corps doublee a 15H 5p 75: 0 30 hachesa 18V ^ 27: 0 2 Minotes de poids a 50 ( 5:0 100H de poudre a 25 (H 125: 0 200» deplomba6CH 60: 0 lHdeballe 0:6 6CW de Lard a 8 fH 24: 0 1 Canotdel60» 160:0 Translation Livres Sols Deniers 10 blue capots at 8 livres, 10 sols apiece 85 0 18 yards y2 of stuff for red capots at 4 livres, 5 sols a yard 74 10 3 Normandy blankets at 8 livres apiece 24 0 23 dozen butcher knives at 40 sols 46 3 dozen ditto large at 3 livres 9 0 8H of sewing thread at 3 livres 24 12 pairs of trade stockings at 45 sols a pair 27 0 2 large blankets at 16 livres apiece 32 0 2 ditto 10 livres apiece 20 0 5 large double justaucorps at 15 livres apiece 75 0 30 hatchets at 18 sols apiece 27 0 2 minots of peas at 50 sols 5 0 lOOtt of powder at 25 sols 125 0 200H of lead at 6 sols 60 0 . 1H of ball 0 6 60H of bacon at 8 sols 24 0 1 canoe at 160 livres 160 0

186 0164

164 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 1 $ eaudevie de E 2:10 6 fusilesa22» $ 132: 0 10 *p de baie de poitou a 3« 10 sP 35: 0 7 chemises de traitte a3»f 21: 0 6 chemises demesly a 3# ^P 18: 0 2 fusils de service a 20H ^ 40: 0 2 $ de manches a 50 ^ 22:10 1187: 6 Le restant Est porte a L autre parte Montant a la somme de Unze Cens quatre vingt Sept Livres Six Sols L autre part mont a la somme de 1187 U 6 24 3fJ d eaudevie a 50 ( <P 60H0 2 barils a 50C ^ 5: 0 5» de rassade a 40( tt 10: 0 4 sP Camisolles a 50( sP 10: 0 8« >4 de fil a Resu a 25C» 10:12 Tra»w/afion Livres Sols Deni 1 brandy at 2 10 6 guns at 22 livres apiece 132 10 pair of poitou stockings at 3 livres, 10 sols a pair 35 0 7 trade shirts at 3 livres apiece 21 0 6 Marlay ? shirts, at 3 livres 18 0 2 service guns at 20 livres 40 0 2 pair of sleeves 22 10 1187 6 Balance as carried to the next page amounting to the sum of eleven hundred eightv-seven livres, six sols Former part amounting to the sum of 24 of brandy at 50 sols 2 barrels at 50 sols 5H of glass beads at 40 sols a pound 4 camisoles at 50 sols 8tt Y* of thread for nets at 25 sols a pound 1187 6 60 0 5 0 10 0 10 0 10 12

187 0165

ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE 165 200 Equillesal6(-§- 1:12 2 onces de teriacq de 3& 3:0 4 E de peigne a 8 & 19:4 24 batte feu a 4(^ 4:16 40W de balles dont 8H de plomb royal a 6 C H 12:00 100 f ers de fleche a 2C® 10: 0 30 allesues a u(E 1: 5 15» lA chaudiere a 45(H 34: 6 2« % azur bleuf de 9:0 6 petites haches a 20 ( 6:0 6 E Couteaux Canot @ 22 ( E 7:0 2 boistes a 35 ^ 3:10 3 ^ capotes a 3« 9:0 1 ^ Justacorps de 3» 3:0 1 ditto grand a 1011 10: 0 50H de chaudiere a 40f» 100: 0 15 au decarlatine a 9H IOC au 142:10 Translation Livres Sols Denier* 200 quills at 16 sols a hundred 1 12 2 ounces of theriac at 3 livres 3 0 4 dozen of paint at 8 19 4 24 steels at 4 sols apiece 4 16 4011 of balls of which 8 pounds are of royal lead at 6 sols a pound 12 00 100 arrow heads at 2 sols apiece 10 0 30 augurs at 15 15% lbs. kettles at 45 sols a pound 34 6 2H yi azure blue at 9 0 6 small hatchets at 20 sols 6 0 6 dozen knives at 22 sols ? 7 0 2 boxes at 35 jo/j apiece 3 10 3 capots at 3 livres 9 0 1 justaucorps at 3 livres 3 0 1 ditto large at 10 livres 10 0 50 pounds of kettles at 40 sols a pound 100 0 15 yards of scarlet cloth at 9 livres, 10 sols a yard 142 10

188 0166

166 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 200 pierres a fusil a 10 1:0 46» de tabac a 45 ( » 10J:10 M de Sell de 0 IS 1 Collier de 35(u 1 15 8 f ourceaux de fusil a 30 ^ 12: 0 6 grandes haches a 45C^ 13 10 18H tabac a 45(» 40 10 1 au T/i Iroquoises a 4& au 6 10 12 Muscade a 2r 8 y ^ 1 12 1H ^savonal4m 1 4:6 1& 3 au '12 Tirebouvir a 3» ^ 1 16:0 12 Mirroirs a 5 pi 3 0 0 La Restant dupm porte Cy Apres mont 1845 13 6 a la sonme de dix huit cens quarant Cinq Livres Treize Soles six deniers. Translation Livres Sols Deniers 200 musket flints at 10 sols a hundred 1 0 46tt of tobacco at 45 sols a pound 103 10 % ofsalt ? 0 15 1 collar at 35 sols 1 15 8 gun pliers at 30 sols apiece 12 0 6 large axes at 45 sols apiece 13 10 18H tobacco at 45 sols a pound 40 10 1 yard J4 of Iroquois cloth at 4 livres a yard ? 6 10 12 pounds Muscade at 2 sols, 8 deniers 1 12 1H Y\ soap at 14 sols a pound 14 6 1H gun worms at 3 livres ? 1 16 0 12 mirrors at 5 sols apiece 3 0 0 1845 13 6 The remainder carried over amounts to the sum of eighteen hundred forty-five livres, thirteen sols, six deniers.

189 0167

1845 13 6 2 0 0 3 0 0 21 0 0 11 0 0 6 0 1 10 0 3 12 0 24 0 0 10 9 10 7 6 ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE 167 Monte 1 autre part a la somme de En argent pour du pouire 1 Ligne de chez Monsieur dupre 5 au de Toil de chez monsieur arnault a 28( au 10 au ditto a 22f e 3 barils a mettre de la poudre a 40( & 2 peaux de veau pour conserver le tabac a 15( ^ 2 E dejambette a 3 ^ 167» de gallette a 14f-§- 6 poches a mettre les gallettes a 35^ 1 au Y\ de drap rouge de hambourger 7« 10r au paye par Moy billet a Monsr Turpin1 p o 114 0 0 depence En argent paye pour Eux a champagne 4 0 0 Translation Livres Sols Deniers Former part amounts to the sum of 1845 13 6 in money for pepper ? 2 0 0 1 line from the shop of M. Dupre 3 0 0 5 yards of linen from the shop of M. Arnault at 28 sols a yard 21 0 0 10 yards ditto at 22 sols a yard 11 0 0 3 barrels for powder at 40 sols apiece 6 0 2 calf skins to keep the tobacco in at 15 sols apiece 1 10 0 2 dozen of clasp knives at 3 sols 3 12 0 167 lbs. of hard bread 14 sols a ? 24 0 0 6 bags to put the bread in at 35 sols apiece 10 10 1 yard T/i of red cloth of Hamburg at 7 livres, 10 sols a yard 9 7 6 Paid on note to M. Turpin1 for expenses 114 0 0 In money paid for them at Champagne 4 0 0 1 Alexandra Turpin, baptized in 1641, a fencing master. He was married three times, his third marriage taking place when he was sixty years old and his bride a child of thirteen.

190 0168

168 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS >ur du papier fournis ? 0 8 0 1 Esponge de 4 0 0 1 Ligne de 6 0 0 1 boiste de Cuir Noir de 5 0 0 2 colliers a lachine a 50C 9 0 0 0» de balles du Sieur Cuillierer a 6/0 1 0 0 1 Escritoire de 20 ( Montant a la sotnme de deux mil quatre 2084 1 0 Vingt quatre livres dix soles De plus paye a Me antaya pour Mile Sorel En Indienne la Somme de 10» Et Lors que le dit fut fait 13» Et 2H pour la Sence estant la somme de 25H Plus En argent a lachine 3 49 Translation Livres Sols Deniers 0 8 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 50 sols 9 0 0 r Cuillerer at 6 \ ?1 1 0 0 Montant a la somme de deux mille cent douze Livres cinq soles neuf deniers 2112 5 9 For paper supplied ? 1 Sponge at 1 line at 1 box of black leather 2 Lachine necklace 1 writing desk at 20 sols 2084 Amounting to the sum of two thousand eighty-four livres, six sols 10 sols further paid to Madame Antaya for Mademoiselle Sorel in muslin the sum of 20 livres; and when it was done 13 livres, 4 sols for ? being the sum of 25 Further in money at Lachine 3 Amounting to the sum of two thousand one hundred twelve livres, five sols, nine deniers 2112

191 0169

ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE 169 Le dix septieme Jour de Juillet gbc quatre vingt neuf apres midy la veufve antaya Cotte et Joseph pelletier tant de leurs noms que comme faisant pour Michel pelletier et Riggaud- ont reconnu devant le nore et temoins la facture cy dessus et accorde touts le courrant des. quelles en f oy du quoy le dite cote a signe avec Led Sr Pierre Lussant Dounissants & Alexandre Turpin Le dit Sieur de Couagne1 & nor.e la dit morisseau veufve antaya a declare avec son fils Joseph ne scavoir de ecrire n y signer enquis suivant L ordonnce. Cotte de Lussant Perrot one signature erased Charles de Couagne Joseph Pelletier doit du 6e aoust de L anne gbc quatre vingtt huit sur la comte de la Cogn de Madame Antaya En argent 35 C 1:15 1 $ de bais de 8» 8: 0 Translation The seventeenth day of July in the year eighty-nine in the afternoon the widow Antaya Cottu and Joseph Pelletier, both in their names and as acting for Michel Pelletier and- Riggaud have acknowledged before the notary and witnesses the above list of merchandise and have allowed the whole current account in exemplification of which the said Cottu has signed with the said Sieur Pierre Lussant and Alexandre Turpin, the said Sieur de Couagne1 and the notary. The said Morisseau, widow Antaya, has declared with her son Joseph that she does not know how to write or to sign when interrogated according to the ordinance. Cottu De Lussant Perrot one signature erased Charles de Couagne Joseph Pelletier owes as of August 6, 1688 the following account on the charge of Madame Antaya Livres Sols Deniers In money 35 sols 1 15 1 pair of stockings at 8 livres 8 0 "Charles de Couagne, baptized in 1651, merchant of Montreal at this time. He was married three times and was the father of fourteen children.

192 0170

170 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS plus 1 ^P soulliers de chez M. arnault de cy devant 3 aoust En argent Michel pelletier doit du 6e aoust de 1 annee 1688 sur lemesme courses de lach Cgn, ( 6: 0 1:12 1 bonnet die 1 3fJ soulliers de chez Mr arnault de 1 ^ de bais Livre du Compte et f acture fournye pour la Cg t de Madame antya depuis le 6 aoust 1688 Jusquau 17 Juillet 1689 Scavoir De 15' 7bre 1688 1H de poudre En argent pour avoir du plomb 1 ) 8) 17»7 15 32" T 1 0 Translation Livres Sols Deniers 1 pair of shoes from the shop of M. Arnault 6 0 As formerly on August 3 in money 1 12 17 Michel Pelletier owes from August 6, 1688 in the same current account 1 cap at 1 ) 1 pair of shoes from the shop of ) M. Arnault at 6 ) 1 pair of stockings at 8 ) 15 32 Delivered on the account and list furnished for the account of Madame Antaya from August 6, 1688 to July 17, 1689 That is to say On September 15, 1688 1» of powder In money to buy lead 10 0

193 0171

ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE \7\ En argent a Monsieur Adhemar 2 0 du 22 9bre 1688 1 Robe de Chambre 1 barique d anguille 1 Mot de sell 1 Echarpe de 1 1 Just au Corps de 1 au % de f rize a 45 ( au l/2 au dindienne 1 au y2 de Ruban f euillemorte 1 au J4 de ruban bleuf 1 au y2 dio petit a 7( pour du fasion 120 0 0 Monte la pnt page transporte a 1 autre part a la sonme de Cent vingt Livres Deniers 16 10 30 0 3 10 16 0 7 10 4 2 6 1 5 1 10 1 10 6 10 6 1 5 Translation Livres Sols In money for Monsieur Adhemar 2 0 on November 22, 1688 1 dressing gown 16 10 1 keg of eels 30 0 1 minot of salt 3 10 1 scarf 16 0 1 Justaucorps 7 10 1 yard 24 of frieze at 45 sols a yard 4 2 yard of chintz 1 5 1 yard y2 of dead leaf ribbon 1 10 1 yard J4 °f blue ribbon 1 10 1 yard y2 ditto small 6 10 For making" 1 5 120 Amount on this page carried to the other side to the sum of one hundred twenty livres

194 0172

172 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Monte la partye de 1 autre part a la somme de 3 Echeveux de soive noire 3 au Yi serge d aumalle a 3& au 1 Mr de sell pour lagouila 1 Robe de chambre Deux x bre 1 Mot de sell ltt de poudre En argent du 8e Juillet 2 au ^ f rize a 8H 10(au 1 grand peigne de buis de Se aoust 3 au J4 Toille peinte @ 50 ( au du launye au Toille peinte Sign 2 au \ de petit rubay @ 6 ( Translation Livres Sols Deniers The sum on the previous page amounts to the sum of 120 120» 0 8 11 5 3 10 16 3 10 1 10 0 10 11 5 0 15 8 15 1 5 0 15 3 skeins of black silk 0 8 3 yards }4 of serge d'aumalle at 3 livres a yard 11 5 1 minot of salt for ? 3 10 1 Robe de chambre 16 Second of December 1 minot of Salt 3 10 1H of powder 1 10 In money 0 10 July 8 2 yards y2 of frieze at 8 livres, 10 sols ? 11 5 1 large comb of boxwood 0 15 August 5 3 yards J^ of calico @ 50 sols a yard 8 15 MS. illegible of calico MS. illegible 1 5 2 yards y2 of small ribbon at 6 sols 0 15

195 0173

ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE 173 6 Echeveaux de soise 5 au indienne brune @ 45 ( au 'cy y* minot de Sell de 2 <P de chopine de vinaigre a 16 ( <P 30 d avril 1689 1 barique de vin par Sa femme 1 barique de vin de 17 Juillet 1689 michel doit 1 grand Capote 2 cravatte 1 sancture 1 chemise de M. Malhor En argent 1 pr de bas d estime 1 neuf de ruban de 1 chapeau de Pour autant que j'ay paye a M Turpin Du 17 Juillet 1689 1 Translation Livres Sols 6 skeins of silk 1 4 5 yards of brown chintz at 45 sols a. yard ? 11 9 minot of salt at 1 15 2 half pints of vinegar at 16 sols each 1 6 April 30, 1689 1 barrel of wine 75 20 by his wife 1 barrel of wine at 75 July: 17, 1689 Michel owes l large capot 20 2 cravats 5 1 sash 2 1 shirt from M. Malhior 5 In money 11 1 pair of choice stockings 5 1 knot of ribbon 2 10 1 hat at 7 10 For what I have already paid to M. Turpin July 17, 1689 105 18 1 4 11 9 1 15 1 6 75 20 75 20 5 2 5 11 5 2 10 7 10 105 18 Deniers

196 0174

174 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Joseph pelletier fils de Me antaya dt En argent 14 1 neuf de ruban de 2 10 2 cravatte 6 2 cravatte 6 1 chemise de M Malhier 5 10 1 ^P de bas des 5 1 Chapeau de 9 Montant a la somme de cinq cent 551 0 Gnquante une Livres Renvoye cy apres Monte la partye de 1 autre part al a somme de 551H 1 au petit Ruban de 6 ( 0 6 1 au 1/3 dindienne a 50' au 3 06 1 pr de bais de Monsr du fresne 4 10 559 2 Translation Livres Sols Deniers Joseph Pelletier son of Madame Antaya owes In money 14 1 knot of ribbon 2 10 2 cravats 6 2 cravats 6 1 chemise of M. Malhior 5 10 1 pair of stockings of good quality 5 1 hat of 9 551 Amounting to the sum of five hundred fifty- one livres carried to the next page The sum on the former page amounts to the sum of 551 1 yard of small ribbon 0 6 1 yard 1/3 of chintz at 50 sols ? 3 6 1 pair of stockings of ? 4 10 559

197 0175

ACCOUNT FOR ILLINOIS TRADE 175 Suivre du dernier comte depuis la facture cy devant fournye du 3 d oust jusque au 17 Juillet 1689 montant a la somme de Cinq cent cinquinte neuf livres deux soles La premiere facture comme jl paroist cy devont monte a la somme de deux mil cent douze Livres cinq sols neuf deniers 2112 5 9 Les deux factues ensemble 2671 7 9 Monte a la somme de deux mil six cent soixante unze livres sept soles neuf deniers y compris dix sept livres sept soles pour Joseph Come il paroist Cy devant fournys de 1 an passe Et quinze Livres pour Michel son frere sauve prendre d une obligation de Cinq cent quarante six livres neuf sols Et deux deners par obliga on passe par Translation Livres Sols Deniers The sum of the last account following the list above furnished from August 3 to July 17, 1689, amounting to the sum of five hundred fifty-nine livres, two sols. The first facture as it appears above amounts to the sum of two thousand one hundred twelve livres, five sols, nine deniers 2112 5 9 The two factures together amount to the sum of two thousand six hundred seventy-one livres, seven sols, nine deniers, 2671 7 9 including seventeen livres, seven sols, for Joseph, as it appears above furnished in the past year and fifteen livres, for Michel, his brother, omitting an obligation of five hundred forty-six livres, nine sols, and two

198 0176

176 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS adhemar de 3 May 1688 fait a Montreal le dix Sept Juillet gbc quatre vingt neuf Aujourdhuy dix septieme jour de Juillet gbc Quatre vingt neuf apres midy la dit Marguerit Morriseaux veufve de deffunct antaye & Joseph pelletier antaya son fils faisant ainsy pour Michel pelletier de present absent Lesquelles ont reconnu par une acte passee par moy maugue1 Nore que par vue Derniere factures cy dessus Us Ettaient Comp-table audit Sr de Couagne de couagne a la somme de cinq cinqunt neuf livres deux soles Ladt veufve ny Ladit pelletier ne sachant escrire ny signer inquet Cottu 2 suivant tous les articles exprimes a la dit f acture Cottu De Lussant Charles de Couagnes Translation deniers by a bond passed by Adhemar May 3, 1688; done at Montreal July 17, 1689. Today, July 17,1689, in the afternoon, the said Marguerite Morisseau, widow of the late Antaya, and Joseph Pelletier Antaya, her son, acting also for Michel Pelletier, now absent, have confessed by an acknowledgment made by me, Maugue,1 notary, that by the last list above they were accountable to the said Sieur de Couagne to the sum of five hundred fifty-nine livres, two sols, following for the articles expressed in the said list. The said widow and the said Pelletier not knowing how to write or sign when interrogated. Cottu De Lussant Charles de Couagne 1 Claude Maugue, royal notary and clerk, was baptized in 1646 and died in 1696. He succeeded Benigne Basset as clerk of the Montreal jurisdiction, his appointment dating from September 5, 1678; actually, however, he had been filling this position since the preceding year. Tanguay, Dictionnaire; Roy, Histoire du Notariat au Canada, 1:146. 1 Portions in brackets in this concluding paragraph appear as marginal additions to the original.

199 0177

PROTEST AGAINST TONTI, 1689 177 Protest by Pachot against Tonti, July 27, 1689 Notarial file of B. Basset, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 1689, du 27 Juillet protest par Monsr pachot1 contre Mons de tonty L'an mil Six cent quatre Vingt Neuf & le Vingt Septie. Jour de Juillet. A la Requeste du Sieur blank in MS. pachot Mar-chand Bourgeois de Quebec, Je Benigne Basset Nottaire Royal et de la terre & Seigneurie de L'Isle de Montreal en la Nouvelle france Soubsigne. Ay somme et Interpelle francois Escuyer Sr de la forest, au nom et Comme associe et payant les debtes de Monsieur de tonty Gouverneur de fort St Louis des Illinois, en son domicile en parlant a sa personne, a ce qu'il ayt a payer presentement Comptant, en Castor, prix du Magazin de Quebec, aud Sr pachot, ou a moy dit Notaire, La somme Cent Cinquante livres, argent de ce pais pour pareille somme. Sur Mons Sr de Translation July 27, 1689 Protest by Monsieur Pachot1 against Monsieur de Tonti. On July 27, 1689, at the request of the Sieur blank in MS. Pachot, merchant bourgeois of Quebec, I, the undersigned, Benigne Basset notary royal of the country and seigniory of the Isle of Montreal, in New France, have summoned and questioned Fran-qois, esquire, Sieur de la Forest, in the name of and as associated with and paying the debts of Monsieur de Tonti, governor of the Fort St. Louis in the Illinois, at his domicile, speaking in his proper person, as to what he may have to pay immediately on account in beaver at the price of the bureau at Quebec to the said Sieur Pachot or to me, the said notary, the sum of 150 livres money of this country in consideration of a similar sum drawn on Monsieur 1 Frangois-Vienay Pachot, who was baptized in 1628 and died in 1698, was a Quebec merchant financially interested in western trade. A director of the Company of the North, he and three others were licensed April 14, 1684, to send six canoes with goods to trade in the upper countries, this being in the nature of an indemnity for having to use their men in Indian wars sometime before. In 1688 and 1690 Pachot received letters patent confirming grants of land. He had married, in 1680, Charlotte-Francoise Juchereau, sister of Charles Juchereau de St. Denis. After Pachot's death the widow married Francois de la Forest. See ante, 51 n.; post, 228, 231; also Canadian Archives, 1899, supplement, 80, 88, 281.

200 0178

178 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tonty tirre par le sieur Jean Gitton aussy Marchand dun billet en forme de lettre de change en datte du Vingt Neufie. octobre de lannee derniere gbi? quatre Vingt huict, dont la tennu ensuit. Monsieur de tonty payera les Cent Cinquante livres de son billet de l'autre part, a Monsieur pachot ou ordre en Castor pour Valleur receiie dud Sieur a Quebec le Vingt Neufie. octobre gbi? quatre Vingt huict, Signe J. Gitton, offrant en luy faisant led payement de luy rendre La ditte lettre de change quictancee par led Sr pachot, protestant et faute de ce faire, de prendre, par led Sr pachot pareille Somme a change et Rechange, pour touts plais sic et lieux, et aux despens de qui II appartiendra et de touttes pertes despens dommages & Interests que led Sr pachot pourra porte & souffrir faute de Luy faire led payement, Meme de se promouvoir Contre led Sieur Gitton par les Voyes de Justice deues et raisonnables, Lequel Sieur de la forest a fait response parlant que dessus, qu II na aucuns esf ets Appartenant aud Sieur De tonty Translation Sieur de Tonti by the Sieur Jean Gitton, also merchant, by a bill in the form of a letter of exchange dated October 29 of last year, 1688, the tenure of which follows: Monsieur de Tonti will pay ISO livres on his note on the other part to Monsieur Pachot or order, in beaver for value received by the said Sieur at Quebec October 29, 1688, signed, J. Gitton: offering on payment being made to him to return the said letter of exchange receipted by the said Sieur Pachot; he further protests in case it is not paid to take, by the said Sieur Pachot, a similar sum in exchange and re-exchange for all countries and places, and for the expense of what pertains to him, and for all losses, expenses, damages, and interest which the said Sieur Pachot may bear and suffer for want of having the said payment made to him, and also for his proceeding against the said Sieur Gitton by the proper and reasonable forms of law to which the Sieur de la Forest has made reply, saying that he has no effects belonging to the said Sieur de Tonti. Which I have taken for a refusal and persist for the said Sieur Pachot in these said protests, protesting further respecting all which is done and has been protested in this suit and against

201 0179

SETTLEMENT OF PARTNERSHIP, 1689 179 Ce que Jay pris pour refus et perciste pour led Sieur pachot, en ces dittes protestations, protestant en outre de tout ce qui fait a proteste en Cette partye et a ledit Sieur de la forest Signe avec moy dit Nottaire. Led Jour & an que dessus Maugue f De Laforest N. R. Basset Nore Royal Settlement of Partnership Account, July 29, 1689 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal__D.S. 29e Juillet 1689 Compte arreste Entre Les Srs Cuillerier,1 dscarries2 & &c associes dla Comte ds Islinois Pardt &c furent pnt Les Sieurs Renne Cuillerier marant, & michel dscarries faisant pour & au non de Ses au'e associes en la Comte & voiage quils auroient aux pais ds Islinois qui sont La- Translation the said Sieur de la Forest, who has signed with me, the said notary, in the said day and year stated above. Maugue F. de la Forest notary royal Basset notary royal July 29, 1689 Account settled between the Sieurs Cuillerier,1 Descaris,* etc., associated in the partnership for the Illinois. Before, etc., were present the Sieurs Rene Cuillerier, merchant, and Michel Descaris, acting for and in the name of his other associates in the partnership voyage which they had to the said lRtn& Cuillerier, of Montreal, baptized in 1640, a dealer in furs, had been interested in La Salle's commercial enterprises. The son who is mentioned was drowned late in 1689. There was a Rene Cuillerier with Tontt on his voyage down the Mississippi in 1686 in search of La Salle. Royal Society of Canada, Transactions: 1893, section 1, p. 17 n.; 1901, section 1, 'Michel Descaris, baptized in 1656, was married to Marie Cuillerier, daughter of Rene Cuillerier, Sr., on August 30, 1691.

202 0180

180 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS vigne, bourbonnois1 Rene Cuillerier fils Joseph aubuchon* & a't Lesq Ont dit & dClarer estre dmeurez respectivt quittes de touttes choses Generallet quelconques quils ont Eu a fr EnsemB pour Rai'on dlad Comunaulte DeQarant Led Sr Cuillerier avoir este paye du Conteneu en la facture du S<" Bourgue8 Dont & du tout Lesd parties En sont demeurer daccord fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingt Neuf Le vingt neufvie. Jour djuillet avont midy En pnt des S« Louis Chevalier4 & george Michellet tesmoins demt aud ville marie Sousn?s avec Lesd parties & Nore Suivant Lordc.e Michel descaris Rene Cuillerier Michellet L Chevallier Adhemar No«".e Translation country of the Illinois, they being Lavigne, Bourbonnois,1 Rene Cuillerier, the younger, Joseph Aubuchon,2 and others who have said and declared that they were respectively quit of all matters whatever that they had had in common because of the said partnership, declaring the said Sieur Cuillerier had been paid for the contents of the invoice of the Sieur Bourgue.8 Concerning which and for all the said parties are in accord. Made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, July 29, 1689, in the forenoon, in presence of the Sieurs Louis Chevalier* and George Michellet, witnesses, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said parties and the notary according to the ordinance. Michel Descaris Rene Cuillerier -Michellet L. Chevalier Adhemar, notary 1A Francois Brunet, called Le Bourbonnois, baptized in 1645, was living on the Isle of Montreal at this time. When a summary was made of LaSalle's expenses for the construction of Fort Frontenac, a Le Bourbonnais was listed for payment for voyages- to Montreal for provisions. Margry, Decouvertes et Stablissements des Francois, 1:29S. 1 This was probably Joseph Aubuchon, son of a Montreal merchant. He was baptized March 19, 1664, and married March 20, 1688. One of the fur dealers interested in La Salle's commercial enterprises was an Aubuchon. Royal Society of Canada, Transactions, 1901, section 1, p. 91. ' Gilles-Etienne de Bourgue', Sieur de St. Clerin, aid-major at Montreal in 1698, may be one referred to here. * A Louis Chevalier, baptized in 1624, came to Montreal in 1653.

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ENGAGEMENTS WITH LA FOREST, 1689 181 Engagements made with La Forest, August and October, 1689 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal__D.S. 29e Aoust & 8bre 1689 Engaget de filliatreau,1 maillou,1 Cardinal* fafart* & morin* a mr de la forest. Pardt & furent pnt en Leurs personnes Sieur francois de La forest escuyer Capne dun dtachement de la marine Et Jacques filliatreau de cette Isle dau'e part, Lesquelles parties de leur bon Grez & volonte on dbonne foy fait Les accords & conventions quy Ensuivent, Scavoir que Led filliatreau promet & soblige daller au fort St Louis de La Louisane pour Led Sr de La forest & dpartir de Cette ville a La premiere requion qui Luy En sera faite dans tel Canot que Led Sr dlaforest Luy Ju'oignera pour Revenir au printemps de Lannee prochaine ayder a Ramener un Canot charge des Castors & au'e pelleteries dud pais en Cetted ville duql II aura {Translation August 29, and October, 1689 Engagement of Filastreau,1 Maillou,2 Cardinal,8 Fafart,4 and Morin8 to Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., were present in person Sieur Francois de la Forest, esquire, captain of a detachment of the marine, and Jacques Filastreau, of this isle, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have in good faith made the accords and conventions following: that is to say that the said Filastreau promises and obligates himself to go to Fort St. Louis of Louisiana for the said Sieur de la Forest, and to set off from this city at the first request that shall be made to him in such a canoe as the said Sieur de la Forest shall assign him, to return in the spring of next year, aiding in bringing back a canoe 1 Jacques Filastreau, baptized in Montreal in 1666, brother of Jean, mentioned ante, 24. o ,, 'Louis Maillou (Malhiot or Mayot), was married on January 8, 1689, at Repentigny. 1 Jean Cardinal, baptized in 1654, was married at Lachine November 10, 1689. 4 See post, 202 n. 1 Antoine Morin was baptized at Montreal, August 17, 1665.

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182 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Soin du mieux quil Luy sera possible & comme Sy Cestoit a luy mesmes sans en Courir aucungs risques A la charge que Led S>" dla forest Luy fournira de Canot & de vivres tant po aller aud fort que pour revenir en cette ville, Et estant Arrive aud fort St Louis Led filliatreau Ce nourrira Jusques au printemps prochain Jour de son dspart pendt Leql temps tout Ce quil f era sera a son proffit Et Led Sr dlaforest promet dluy bailler & payer pour ses gages peynes & Salaires tant pour aller de cette ville aud fort St Louis; que pour Revenir en Cette ville avec un Canot ql y aydera A Conduire charge des Castors & au'e pelleteries La Somme de Cinq Cens Livres en Castor au prix & Comme on le recevra au bureau pour Lettres d'Eschange Lequel payet ce fera en Cette ville apres Les retour dud filliatreau sur Les Castors quil aidera a admener dans Le Canot ou II dessendra sans pouvoir pretendre au'e payet ailleurs que sur Les Castors quil aydera a dessendre quelque accident quy puisse arriver en dessendant. Led filliatreau risquera son payet Aussy bien que Led Sr de La forest Le restant Translation loaded with beaver and other peltries of the said country to this city; of all which he shall take the best care possible as though it was his own, without running any risks; on the stipulation that the Sieur de la Forest shall furnish him a canoe and provisions both for going and returning to this city; and being arrived at the said Fort St. Louis, the said Filastreau shall subsist himself till the day of his departure next spring, during which time all that he does shall be for his own profit. And the said Sieur de la Forest promises to set off and pay to him for his wages, pains, and salaries, both for going from this city to Fort St. Louis and for returning to this city with a canoe which he shall help to bring, loaded with beaver and other peltries, the sum of 500 livres in beaver at the price and as it is received at the bureau for letters of exchange; which payment shall be made in this city after the return of the said Filastreau on the beaver he shall help to bring in the canoe when he comes down, without his being able to lay claim to any other payment than on the beaver that he helps bring down; whatever accident may happen in coming down, the said

205 0183

ENGAGEMENTS WITH LA FOREST, 1689 183 des Castors & pelleteries quy seront dans Led Canot pourra Led fiUiatreau porter & metre dans Le Canot ou II sera en montant ds marchandises pour traicter & faire La valleur d deux paquets de Castors & pour vivres despuis Son Arrivee aud fort St Louis Despuis Le jour de son arrivee Jusques au printemps prochain jour de son despart: Lesquelles marchandises Led fiUiatreau pourra traicter partout ou bon Luy semblera fors & exepte aud fort St Louis & pais ds Islinois. Et Luy sera Loisible d Em-barquer dans Le Canot ou II sera En dessendant La valleur & montant des deux paquets de Castors quy pourra traictera & fera avec Lesd marchandises Sans payer aucune chose pour Le port, Est convenue Entre Led Sr de Laf orest & led fiUiatreau quen Cas quil ne fut pas Juge a propos que Led fiUiatreau dssendit Le printemps de Lannee prochaine gbic quatre vingt dix II sera tenu de rester pour Led Sr de laf orest ausd pais Jusques au printemps de Lannee densuite 1691 Et Led Sr de la forest sera tenu Comme II Translation Filastreau shall risk his payment just as the said Sieur de la Forest risks the remainder of the beaver and peltries which shall be in the said canoe. The said Filastreau may take with him and put in the canoe in which he shaU ascend, merchandise to trade to the value of two packets of beaver, and for provisions from his arrival at the said Fort St. Louis from the day of arrival till the day next spring of his departure. Which merchandise the said Filastreau may trade everywhere he thinks good except at the said Fort St. Louis and the country of the Illinois; and he shall be allowed to load in the canoe in which he shall come down, up to the value and amount of two packets of beaver, which he may trade and make with the said merchandise without paying anything for transportation: it is agreed between the said Sieur de la Forest and the said Filastreau that in case it be not judged convenient that the said Filastreau shall come down in the spring of next year, 1690, he shall be bound to remain for the said Sieur de la Forest in the said country till the spring of the next year, 1691; and the said Sieur de la Forest shall be bound as he promises to furnish him with provisions according to the custom of

206 0184

184 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS promet de Luy fournir de vivres Suivant Lusage dud pais Et oultre de Luy payer po Les Gages & salaires La somme de trois Cens Livres en Castors a son retour Conformt & aux mesmes charges Clauses & Condi'ons mesmes risques que cy dessus pour Lesd cinq Cens Livres Et ce oultre Lesd cinq Cens Livres; A la charge que led filliatreau sera teneu daller a la Chasse pour Le Service dud Sr de laforest & de sa ma'on pendt Led temps en luy fournissant fusil plomb & poudre Car ainsy &c prot &c obligeant chacun En-droit soy &c rennonst &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingt neuf Le vingt neufvi. Jour d Aoust apres midy En pnce des Sieurs pierre Cabazier & de fran-cois Bailly1 tesmoins dmt aud ville marie Sousnes avec Led Sr de Laforest & nore Led filliatreau adeclare ne Scavoir Signer de Ce Enquis apres Lecture faite Suivant Lordce Bailly Cabazier Adhemar Nore Translation the said country and further to pay him for his wages and salaries the sum of 300 livres in beaver at his return, conformably and on the same charges, stipulations, and conditions, and the same risks as above specified for the said 500 livres, and this in addition to the said 500 livres; on the condition that the said Filastreau shall be bound to go to the hunt for the service of the said Sieur de la Forest and for his household during the said time, he being furnished with gun, lead, and powder. For thus, etc., promising, etc., and obligating themselves each in his right and faith, etc., and waiving, etc.; made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, August 29, 1689, in the afternoon, in presence of the Sieurs Pierre Cabazie and Frangois Bailly,1 witnesses, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de la Forest and the notary. The said Filastreau has declared he does not know how to sign, having been questioned after the document was read in accord with the ordinance. Bailly Cabazie Adhemar, notary 1 Francois Bailly, listed in the census of 1681 as a resident of Montreal. He was fifty-five years old at that time and died in 1690.

207 0185

ENGAGEMENTS WITH LA FOREST, 1689 185 Pardt &c furent pnts lesd Sr d Laforest & louis Maillou LesqU ont fait & Conveneu Le mesme marche qua fait Led Sr d Laforest & filliatreau aux mesmes charges clauses & Conditions & conformt a Icelluy fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil six Cens quatre vingt Neuf Le Cinqui. Jr doctoB Avant midy En pnces Srs pierre Cabazie & Jean quesneville tesmoings dmt aud ville marie sousnes avec Lesd Sr De Laforest maillou & nore Suivant LordtP Cabazier Maillou J Quesneville Bailly Adhemar Nor.e Pardt Led nore & tesmoins En fin nommes furent pnts En leurs personnes Led Sr de Laforest d une part & Jean Cardinal, Anthoine Morin & Joseph fafart dit Lafresne d au'e, Lesquels Ce sont obliges de fre tout Ce que Led filliatreau est oblige dfaire & Led Sr dlaforest Leur fait a un chacun desd trois Les mesmes avantages & Salaires & Gages quil donne aud filliatreau Le tout Translation Before, etc., were present the said Sieur de la Forest and Louis Maillou, who have made and covenanted on the same terms that the Sieur de la Forest and Filastreau have made on the same charges, clauses, and conditions, and conformably to it. Made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the notary, October 5, 1689, in the morning, in the presence of the Sieurs Pierre Cabazie and Jean Quenneville, witnesses, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de la Forest, Maillou, and the notary, according to the ordinance. Cabazie Maillou J. Quesneville Bailly Adhemar, notary Before the said notary and witnesses below named were present in person, the said Sieur de la Forest, on the one part, and Jean Cardinal, Antoine Morin, and Joseph Fafart, called La Fresne, on the other, who have obligated themselves to do all of what the said Filastreau is obligated to do; and the said Sieur de la Forest provides to each of the said three the same advantages.

208 0186

186 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Conform* aud marche reciprognt dpart & dau'e duql Lecture a este faite fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil six Cens quatre vingts Neuf Le Cinquiesme Jour doctoB avant midy En pnced pierre Cabazie & fran Bailly tesmoins dmt aud ville marie sousnes avec Led Sr de la forest & nore Lesd Cardinal morin & fafart ont declare Ne scavoir Signe de Ce Interpelles Suivant Lordce Cabazier Bailly Adhemar Nore Aujourdhuy douziesme Jour de may mil six Cens quatre vingt dix apres midy pardt Le Nore Sousne pnce ds tesmoings en fin nommes fut pnt Le S«" fran de boirondel quy a dit que Le Sr d Laforest partant de quebec pour france Lauthonne de're Luy donna un pouvoir Genneral pour Les affaires quil a aux Islinois & de faire Les marches ds Gens quil Engageroit pour Luy conform* a'cux quil avoit passer po Les Islinois pardt Led nore Sousne La Translation salaries, and wages that he gives to the said Filastreau; the whole in conformity to the said bargain, reciprocally on the one part and the other, which has been read: Done and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, October 5, 1689, in the morning, in presence of Pierre Cabazie and Franqois Bailly, witnesses, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de la Forest and the notary. The said Cardinal, Morin, and Fafart have declared they do not know how to sign when questioned according to the ordinance. Cabazie Bailly Adhemar, notary Today, May 12, 1690, in the afternoon, before the undersigned notary and in presence of the witnesses named at the end, were present the Sieur Franqois de Boisrondel, who has said that the said Sieur de la Forest, leaving Quebec for France in the previous autumn, gave him a general power of attorney for his affairs at the Illinois, and to make bargains with people whom he should engage for him, conformably to those he had passed for

209 0187

ENGAGEMENTS WITH LA FOREST, 1689 187 teneure de Lacte qUy ou sera Les Engagements ds Islinois est Incere dans une grande Instruction dont La teneu dud act? EnSuit pour Cest Esfet Ce conformera aux marches que jay fait pardt Le Sr de St martin nore amontreal estant Led ordre ou Instruction Signee dud Sr de Laforest Et Comme Led Sr de Laforest fut oblige de dssendre de Cette ville En Celle de quebec en delligence II oublia de Signer Lesd marches sur Les minuttes q Led nore avoit passees Ce quy a oblige Led Sr de boirondel de pnter sa requeste a Monsieur Le Baillif de Cette Isle, Et par vertu de son ordon-nance apposee au bas de Lad requeste Le Cinquiesme de Ce mois, Led Sr de Boirondel En vertu du pouvoir quil a dud Sr delaforest et en lad qualitte A promis satisfaire a touttes Les Clauses quy Le regardent Contenues aux susd Engagements desr.s filliatreau, maillou, Cardinal, fafart, & morin, cydessus transcript LesqU sortiront Leur force & teneure Prot &c oB &c rennonst &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Les jour & an que dssus En Translation the Illinois before the said undersigned notary. The tenor of the act as to the engagements for the Illinois is inserted in a long instruction, the tenor of which for the said act here following will conform to this end to the bargains that I have made before the Sieur de St. Martin, notary at Montreal, being the said order or instruction signed by the said Sieur de la Forest. And as the said Sieur de la Forest was obliged to come down from this city to that of Quebec in haste, he forgot to sign the said bargains on the minutes that the said notary had passed; which has obliged the Sieur de Boisrondel to present a request to Monsieur the bailiff of this isle; and by virtue of his ordinance, placed at the foot of the said request, the fifth of this month, the said Sieur de Boisrondel, in virtue of the power which he has from the said Sieur de la Forest and in the said capacity, has promised to carry out all the clauses which concern him contained in the said engagements of the Sieurs Filastreau, Maillou, Cardinal, Fafart, and Morin, copied above, which will derive their force and tenure. Promising, etc., obligating, etc., and renouncing, etc., done and passed at the said Villemarie, office of the notary the day and

210 0188

188 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS pnce de Srs pierre Cabazie & George pruneau1 prac'ns tesmoins dmt aud ville marie sousne avec Led Sr deboirondel & nore BOIRONDEL ¦ CABAZIER G. Pruneau Adhemar Nor.e Obligation of Lespine to La Forest, October 13, 1689 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 13e 8bre 1689 Obligaon Consentie a Mr de la forest par Lespine dit Laviolette Pardt Anthoine Adhemar nore & tabellion de Lisle de mon-treal residant a villemarie & tesmoins En fin nommes fut pnt En Sa personne pierre Lespine Sieur de Laviolette voiageur de pnt en Cette ville Lequel de Gre a Reccognue & Confesse debvoir bien & Loyaument a Sieur francpis de La forest escuyer cappne du detachement de La marine a Ce pnt & acceptant La Somme de trois Cens Livres pour pareille & semblable somme que Led Sr de Translation year above mentioned, in presence of the Sieur Pierre Cabazie and George Pruneau,1 witnesses, living at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de Boisrondel and the notary. Boisrondel Cabazie G. Pruneau Adhemar, notary October 13, 1689 Obligation undertaken to Monsieur de la Forest by Lespine, called Laviolette. Before Antoine Adhemar, notary and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses below named, were present in person Pierre Lespine, Sieur de Laviolette, voy-ageur, at present in this city, who of his free will has recognized and confessed that he owes well and loyally to Sieur Franqois de la Forest, esquire, captain of the detachment of the marine, here present and assenting, the sum of 300 livres in consideration of a 1 George Pruneau was a royal bailiff at Montreal.

211 0189

OBLIGATION TO LA FOREST, 1689 189 Laf orest a payee a Laguet dud debiteur Au Sieur St Amands1 de Saurel & a Sa Comunaulte; Laquelled Somme de trois Cens Livres Led Debiteur promet & soblige de rendre bailler & paier aud Sr de la forest, A son ordre, ou au porteur ds pnts &c en bons Castors au prix du bureau de quebec pour Lettres de Change po. france au mois d'aoust de Lannee prochaine mil Six Cens quatre vingts dix a peyne detous despens domages & Intherests soubs loB. & hypoteque de tous & Chacungs ses biens MeuB. & ImmeuB. pnt & avenir dud debit, quil En a soubsmis a toutes Rigues de Justice Et pour Lexcuon ds pnts Led debiteur a esleu Son domUe yrrevocable Lama'on du Sieur de La Marque Seise En cette ville Rue St Paul Auql Lieu &c nomobstant &c prot &c obligeant &c rennonst &c fait & passe aud villemarie Estude dud Nore Lan mil six Cens quatre vingts Neuf Le treiziesme Jour d'Octobre apres Translation like and similar sum which the said Sieur de la Forest has paid in discharge of the obligation of the said debtor to the Sieur St. Amands,1 of Sorel, and his partnership; which aforesaid sum of 300 livres the said debtor promises and obligates himself to return, discharge, and pay to the said Sieur de la Forest on his order or to the bearer of these presents, etc., in good beaver at the price of the bureau at Quebec for letters of exchange on France in the month of August, in the year 1690, under penalty of all expenses, damages, and interest involved; under the obligation and hypothecation of each and all of the possessions of the aforesaid debtor, movable and immovable, for the present and the future, which he has subjected to all the rigors of the law; and for the execution of these presents, the said debtor has chosen as his irrevocable domicile, the house of the Sieur de la Marque in this city, situated in the Rue St. Paul, at which place, etc., notwithstanding, etc., promising, etc., obligating himself, etc., and waiving, etc.; made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, October 13, 1689, in the afternoon, in the presence of the Sieurs Pierre Cabazie and Jean Quenneville, witnesses, residing in the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said notary, the Sieur de la 1 The census of 1681 lists a Jean-Baptiste, called St Amand, in the seigniory of Sorel.

212 0190

190 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS midy En pnce de S«".s pierre Cabazie & Jean Quesneville tesmoings demeurant aud ville marie Soubsn?s avec Led nore Led Sr de La-forest & none Led S>" Lespine debiteur a declare ne Scavoir Signer de ce Interpelle apres Lecture faite Suivant Lordonnance J. Quesneville Cabazier Adhemar Nore Certificate of Service of Tonti and La Forest, October 15, 1689 A.N., C, C" A10:206-206v C. 15 8bre 1689. Jacques Rene de Bressay Chevalier Marquis de Denonville seigneur Davesnes, Gouverneur Et Lieutenant general pour le Roy en toute l'Etendue du Canada Nous Certiffions a tous qu'il appartiendra queles sr.s de Tonty et de la forest Capitaines dans les troupes de la marine accordees au sieur de la Salle pour son expedition de la Louisianne par le mexique, ont tres bien servy dans la Nouvelle france, Premiere-ment sur les ordres de M. de la Barre et ensuite sous les notres et Translation Forest, and the notary. The said Sieur Lespine, the debtor, has declared that he does not know how to sign on being questioned on this point after reading of the document according to the ordinance. J. QUEN NEVILLE CABAZIE Adhemar, notary October 15, 1689 Jacques Rene de Brisay Chevalier Marquis de Denonville, Seignior D'Avesnes, governor and lieutenant-general for the king throughout all of Canada. To all whom it may concern, We hereby certify that the Sieurs de Tonti and de la Forest, captains in the troops of the marine, assigned to the Sieur de la Salle for his expedition to Louisiana by way of Mexico, have served very faithfully in New France, first under the orders of Monsieur de la Barre, and later under

213 0191

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE, 1689 191 toujours a leurs frais et depens, depuis que nous sommes dans le pais n'ayant touche que la premiere annee de leurs appointemens, sous M. de la Barre en 1684 et qu'en 1687. ils nous sont venus joindre au fort de frontenac a la teste de plusieurs franqois et sauvages qu'ils avoient emmenes du pais des islinois apres de cinq cent lieiies de la, ce qu'ils n'ont pu faire sans Beaucoup de depense, des soins et des f atiques incroyables et les ayant choisy pour commander lesd. franqois et sauvages dans la campagne que nous avons faite la meme annee contre les Tsonnotoiians, Irroquois ils'y ont tres bien fait leur devoir et nous ont donne tout lieu d'estre satisfait de leur bonne conduite, ayant toujours fait par-roitre beaucoup de prudence, sagesse Et application au service, dans toutes les occasions qui se sont presentees, sans qu'ils ayent jamais reqeu aucunes gratifications pour toutes les grandes de-penses qu'ils ont ete obliges de faire En foy de quoy nous leur avons accorde le present Certificat, que nous avons Signe de notre main et iceluy fait apposer le sceau de nos armes et contresigner par notre secretaire Translation us, and always at their own charge and expense since we have been in the country, they having received only their first year's salaries under Monsieur de la Barre in 1684. And that, in 1687, they joined us at Fort Frontenac at the head of numerous French and Indians whom they had led from the Illinois, almost 500 leagues away, which could be done only with much expense, pains, and unbelievable hardship. Having selected them to command the said French and Indians in the campaign which we prosecuted in the same year against the Seneca Iroquois, they performed their duties well, and they have given us every reason to be satisfied with their conduct; they have always exhibited great prudence, sagacity, and devotion to the service on all occasions which have arisen without having ever received any rewards for the great expenses which they have been obliged to incur. In testimony whereof we have given them the present certificate which we have signed with our hand and have caused to be affixed thereto the seal of our arms and to be countersigned by our secretary.

214 0192

192 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS fait a villemarie le quinz? octobre cgby quatre vingt neuf, Signe le M. de Denonville Et plus bas par Monseigneur Tofflin, et au dessous pour copie dont j'ay les Originaux, Signe DE LA FOREST DE ST LAURENT. Authorization to Boisrondel, May S, 16901 C.H.S. D.S. Monsieur le Bailly de Lysle de Montreal Supplye humblement Sieur f rancois de bois rondel f aisant pour et au nom du sieur de La Forest En vertu du pouvoir quil En a de Luy signe Endatte du seiziesme novembre dernyer Disant que luy Sieur de la forest auroit Engage pour le voiage De 1 Islonnois Jacques Filliastreau, Louis Maillou, Jean Cardinal, Anthoyne Morin, et Joseph Fafard dit la fresnay par acte passe pardenant Me Anthoye Adhem MS. torn ottaire En Cette Isle Endatte du vingte neuf aoust & de Cinquiesme octobre delannee dernyere Les- Translation Done at Villemarie, October 15, 1689. Signed: M. de Denonville Signed farther down by Monseigneur Tofflin And below that for the copy of which I have the original, Signed: De la Forest de St. Laurent To Monsieur the Bailiff of the Island of Montreal Petitions humbly Sieur Frangois de Boisrondel, acting for and in the name of the Sieur de la Forest by virtue of his power of attorney signed under date of November 16, last; and says that he, the Sieur de la Forest, had engaged for the voyage of the Illinois Jacques Filastreau, Louis Maillou, Jean Cardinal, Antoine Morin, and Joseph Fafard, called la Fresnay, by notarial act passed before Monsieur Antoine Adhem MS. torn notary of this island dated August 29 and October 5 of last year. These agreements the aforesaid Sieur de la Forest, being in a hurry to depart from engagements signed in virtue of this permission will be found post, 202 et seq. See also ante, 186.

215 0193

AUTHORIZATION TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 193 quels marches Le dit Sieur de la forest estant presse departi de Cette Ville pour aller a Kebec oublia a signer, et dautant qu il est necessaire qu il soit accepte par Le dit Sieur de la forest ou autres ayant de luy charge aquele nore n estant promi delivre des grosses lesupleant a Recours a vous pour luy estre f audroit Ce Considere il vous plaise Monsieur ordonner que le supleant audit nomme acceptera les dites marches q uy sortiront aux forests MS. illegible et que le cy none Luy en Dellivrera des grosses a quoy fa MS. torn Contraints par toutes voyez Et vous fere Justice Boisiondel Veu la requeste cy dessus Laprocuration du dt Sieur De la forest au Suppleant Jointe pour gerer ses affaires en son absence Ordonnone que les oevres ? d'engagement faits par Ledit Sr de la forest subsisteront et auront Leur force vertu et execution a la charge pour le suppleant de signer MS. torn erreur et d'observer Leur cha MS. torn proffit des Engagez au MS. torn Sr la forest Mandanne a MS. torn Mrle griffier derecevoir le sein Translation this city to go to Quebec, forgot to sign; and since it is necessary that they be assented to by the aforesaid de la Forest or others having powers from him, and the notary having agreed to deliver copies, the petitioner has recourse to you to do what is necessary. This being considered, may it please you, Monsieur, to order that the petitioner above named, may assent to the aforesaid bargains in order that they may set off for the forests MS. illegible and that the notary may deliver engrossments MS. torn bound by all means and you will do justice. Boisrondel After inspection of the above request and of the annexed power of attorney of the aforesaid De la Forest to the petitioner to carry on his business in his absence, it is ordered that the notarial acts of engagement made by the aforesaid Sieur de la Forest shall stand, and shall have their force, virtue, and execution, provided that the suppliant signs MS. torn error and to observe their MS. torn profit of the employees at the MS. torn Sieur de la Forest sent for MS. torn Monsieur the notary to receive the signature of the aforesaid suppliant in place of that of bis

216 0194

194 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS dudit suppliant a f aire de Celuy du son Commettant au moien de quoy Leur diet octroy ? valideront en tirant un extrait des articles qui onternent de La procuration dudit sieur de la forest fuit a ville Marie Le cinquieme jour de May 1690 MlGEON DE BRANSSAT Translation principal by means of which their aforesaid bargain shall be considered valid by annexing an extract from the articles of agency of the aforesaid Sieur de la Forest. Done at Villemarie, May S, 1690. MlGEON DE BRANSAC

Chapter V 217 0195

CHAPTER V Engagement of Fafart to La Forest, May 5, 1690 Notarial file of A. Adhetnar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.N.S. Engagement de Joseph Fafart dit La Fresnaye par Frs de la Forest 5 Mai 1690 Pardevant Anthoyne adhemar none & tabelion de lisle de montreal Residant a ville marye & tesmoins Enfin nommes f urent pnts En leurs personnes Sr francois de la forest Escuyer Capi-tayne dun destachement de la marine dune part & Joseph fafart dit la fresnay dautre part, Lesquelles partyes de leurs bons gres 6 volontes ont de bonne foy faict les accords et Convantions quy Ensuivent, Scavoir que led fafart promet et soblige daller au fort St Louis de la louissane pour led Sieur de la forest et de partir de cette ville a la premiere Requisition quiluy En sera f aite Translation Engagement of Joseph Fafart, called La Fresnaye, to Francois de la Forest. May 5, 1690 Before Antoine Adhemar, notary and scrivener of the Isle of Montreal, residing at Villemarie, and the witnesses named below, were present in person Sieur Francois de la Forest, esquire, captain of the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and Joseph Fafart, called La Fresnaye, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have in good faith made the agreements and covenants which follow: that is to say that the said Fafart promises and obligates himself to go to Fort St. Louis in Louisiana for the said Sieur de la Forest and to set out from this village at the first request made to him in such a canoe as the 195

218 0196

196 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS dans dans sic tel canot que Led Sr de la forest luy Indiquera pour Revenir au printemps de lannee prochaine ayder a Ramener un Canot charge des Castors et autres pelleteries dud pais En cetted ville duquel II aura Soin du Mieux quil Luy sera possible & Comme sy Cestoit a luy mesme sans Encourir Aucuns Risques a la Charge que led Sieur de la forest Le fournira de Canot et de vivres tant pour aller aud fort que pour Revenir en cette ville, Et Estant arrive aud fort St Louis Led fafart Ce nourrira Ju-sques au printemps prochain Jouf de son depart pendant lequel temps tout Ce quil fera sera a son profit et led Sr de la forest promet de luy bailler & payer pour ses gages peynes & salaires tant pour aller de cette ville aud fort Saint louis que pour Revenir En cette ville aura un Canot quil y aydera a Conduire Charge de Castors Et autres pelleteries La somme de Cinq Cent Livres En Castor au prix et Comme on le Recevra au bureau pour lettre des-change Lequel payement ce fera En cette ville apres le Retour dud fafart Sur les Castors quil aydera a amener dans le Canot ou II Translation said Sieur de la Forest shall indicate to him, to return in the spring of next year, to help in bringing back a canoe loaded with beaver and other peltry of the said country to this city, of which peltry he shall take the best care that he possibly can as if it belonged to himself, without running any risks; this is on the stipulation that the said Sieur de la Forest shall furnish him with a canoe and with provisions both for going and returning to this city; and being arrived at the said Fort St. Louis the said Fafart shall subsist himself until the day of his departure next spring, during which time all he shall do shall be for his own profit; and the said Sieur de la Forest promises to give and pay to him for his services, pains, and salary, both for going from the city to the said Fort St. Louis and for returning to this city with a canoe which he shall help to bring down loaded with beaver and other peltry, the sum of 500 livres in beaver at the price and as it is received at the bureau for letters of exchange, which payments shall be made in this city, after the return of the said Fafart, from the beaver which he shall help to bring down in the canoe in which he

219 0197

ENGAGEMENT OF FAFART TO LA FOREST 197 dessandra sans pouvoir pretendre autres pavement ailleurs que sur Les Castors qui laydera a dessandre quelques accident quy puisse arriver En dessandant, Led fafart Risquera son payement aussy bien que led Sr de la forest Le Restant des Castors & pel-leteries quy seront dans led Canot pourra led fafart porte et metre dans le Canot ou II sera En montant des marchandises pour traitter et faire la valleur de deux pacquets de Castors et pour vivres despuis son arrivee aud fort Saint louis despuis Le jour de son arrivee Jusques au printemps prochain jour de son despart lesquelles marchandises led fafart pourra traitter par tout ou bon luy semblera fors et Excepte aud fort saint louis et pais des Islinois et luy sera loisible dembarquer dans le Canot ou II sera En dessandant La valleur et montant de deux pacquets de Castors quil pourra traiter Et faire avecq lesd marchandises sans payer aucunes choses pour le port, Est Convenu Entre led Sr de la forest et led fafart quen cas quil ne fut pas Juge a propos que led fafart des- Translation shall come down, without his being able to pretend to any other payment except from the beaver which he shall help to bring down; whatever accident may happen in coming down, the said Fafart shall risk his payment as the said Sieur de la Forest risks the remainder of the beaver and peltries which may be in the said canoe. The said Fafart shall be permitted to bring and put in the canoe in which he shall go up, merchandise for trading to the value of two packets of beaver as well as for provisions from his arrival at the said Fort St. Louis from the day of his arrival to the day of his departure next spring, which merchandise the said Fafart may trade wherever it may seem good to him, besides and with the exception of the said Fort St. Louis and the country of the Illinois. And he shall be permitted to load in the canoe in which he shall come down, to the value and amount of two packets of beaver pelts that he may have traded for and obtained for the said merchandise, without paying anything for transportation. It is agreed between the said Sieur de la Forest and the said Fafart that in case it is not judged desirable that the said Fafart should

220 0198

198 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS sandit le printemps de lannee prochayne Mil six Cens quatre Vingts dix II sera tenu dy Rester pour led Sr delaf orest aud pais Jusques au printemps de lannee densuitte Mil Six cens quatre vingt onze & led Sr de Laforest sera tenu comme II promet de luy fournir de vivres suyvant lusage dud pais et outre de luy payer pour ses gages et sallaires La somme de trois Cens livres En Castors a son Retour Conformement et aux mesmes charges Clauses et Condi'ons et mesme Risques que sy dessus pour lesd Cinq Cens livres et ce outre Lesd Cinq Cens Livres, a la Charge que led fafart sera tenu daller a la Chasse pour le Service dud Sr de la forest et de sa maison pendant Led temps En luy fournissant fusil plomb poudre Car ainsy &c promettant &c obligant chacun En droit soy &c Renonqent &c fait1 Translation come down in the spring of next year, 1690, he shall be bound to remain for the said Sieur de la Forest in the said country until the spring of the next year, 1691, and the said Sieur de la Forest shall be bound as he hereby promises, to furnish him with provisions according to the custom of the said country, and further to pay for his wages and salaries the sum of 300 livres in beaver on his return, conformably and on the same charges, stipulations, and conditions, and at the same risks as above stated for the said 500 livres and besides the said 500 livres; on the condition that the said Fafart shall be bound to go to the hunt for the service of the said Sieur de la Forest and for his household during the time, he being furnished with a gun, lead, and powder. For thus, etc., promising, etc., and obligating each one in his own right, and waiving, etc., done.1 "Transcriber's note: This document is not finished but it is numbered and its title appears with the date in the repertoire made by the notary himself.

221 0199

ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 199 Engagement of Dumais Brothers to Boisrondel, May 7,1690 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 7e May 1690 Engagement de dumais1 f reres a Monsr de Boirondel Pardt etc., Sieur francois de boisRondel de pnt en cette ville D une part, Et Eustache & fran. dumais freres de la prairie St Lambert Aussy de pnt en Cette ville Lesql.s ont de bonne foy fait les marches & accords quy Ensuivent, Scavoir q. Lesd dumais freres promettent & sobligent chacun Endt Soy de monter aux Islinois & fort St Louis de Jour En Jour & a La pre. requion qua Led Sr de boisRondel Leur en fera & dans tel Canot ql Leur dira dsembarquer pour Revenir Le printemps prochain Aydde a Ramener un Canot charges ds Castors & au'e pelletteries dud fort & pais ds Islinois En Cette ville Duql Canot & pelleteries Lesd dumais auront soin du mieux ql Leur sera possi? & Comme sy Cestoit a eux mesmes, Sans En Courir aucungs Risques, A la charge q. Led Sr de boisrondel Leur fournira Canot & vivres Translation May 7, 1690 Engagement of the Dumais1 brothers to Monsieur de Boisrondel. Before, etc., the Sieur Franqois de Boisrondel, at present in this city, on the one part, and Eustache and Francois Dumais, brothers, of Prairie St. Lambert, also at present in this city, who have in good faith made the bargains and accords which follow: that is to say, the said Dumais brothers promise and obligate themselves each one to go up to the Illinois and Fort St. Louis from day to day, and at the first demand which the said Sieur de Boisrondel shall make on them, and in such a canoe as he shall tell them to embark in, to return next spring, aiding in bringing back a canoe loaded with beaver and other peltries from the said fort and country of the Illinois to this city, of which canoe and peltries the said Dumais shall take the best care that they possibly can as if it belonged to themselves, without running any risks; this is on the stipulation that the said Sieur de Boisrondel shall furnish 1 The name is spelled variously as in the present document. Eustache was baptized in 1661 and married on April 21, 1688. The brother Francois was baptized February 25, 1663.

222 0200

200 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tant po aller ausd pais ds Islinois sesjour q Retour En Cette ville Et oultre de Leur bailler & payer a un Chacun desd Eustache & f ran dinners f reres La Somme de Sept Cens Livres en Castors au prix du bureau de quebec po Letres de Changes p france Leq! payet Led Sr de boisRondel Leur fera En Cette ville Incontinent a pres Leur arrivee & Sur Les castors que Chacun desd dinners admeneront dans Le Canot ou Us dssendront Sans pouvoir pre-tendre au'e payet dailleurs q. Sur Les Castors qte ayderont chacun a dssendre quelque accident quil puissent arriver en dessendant Lesqte dinners Risqueront Leur payet ded Sept Cens Livres chacun, aussy bien q. led Sr de boisrondel Le surplus ds pelleteries quil aura dans Led Canot ou Us dssendront, Deplus Led Sr de boisrondel permet Ausd dumers freres dapporter chacun un fusil oultre Cell, qte porteront pour Leur Service, une Couverte, six chemises Sept Livres de tabac soit po. Leur fumer ou traicter, trois Livres de poudre & trois Livres de plomb ou balles & une Cassette Le tout po. Leur usage ou pour traiter ainsy q bon leur Translation them a canoe and provisions both for going to the said country of the Illinois, for their stay, and for their return to this city, and further that he shall give and pay to each of the said Eustache and Franc,ois Dumais, brothers, the sum of 700 livres in beaver at the price of the bureau of Quebec for letters of exchange on France, which payment the said Sieur de Boisrondel shall make to them in this city immediately after their arrival, and from the beaver which each of the said Dumais shall bring in the canoe in which they come down, without their being able to pretend to any other payment except in the beaver that they shall each help in bringing down; whatever accident may happen in coming down, the said Dumais shall risk their payment of the said 700 livres each just as the said Sieur de Boisrondel risks the surplus of the peltries that he may have in the said canoe in which they come down; further, the said Sieur de Boisrondel permits the said Dumais brothers to take, each of them, a gun in addition to that which they may carry for their use, a blanket, six shirts, seven pounds of tobacco, which they may either smoke or trade, three pounds of powder and three pounds of lead or ball, and a strong

223 0201

ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 201 semB. & Les Castors & pelleteries quils pourront faire avec Les susd marchandises Leur Sera LoisiB. dies Embarquer dans Le Canot ou Us dssendront sans estre tenu de payer aucun port pour Rai'on d'Icelles Seullet Car ainsy &c prot Chacun Endt Soy &c oB. &c rennonst &c fait & passe aud viUemarie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingt dix Le Septiesme Jour de Maye Apres midy En pnce ds Sr.s Jean Cusson1 & George pruneau tes-moings dmt aud viUemarie Sousnes avec Led Sr de boisrondel Led Eustache Dumers & nore Led francois D a declare ne scavoir Escrire ny Signer de ce Interpelle Suivant Lordce Eustache dumars Boirondel Jean Cusson G Pruneau Adhemar Nore Translation box, the whole for their own use or to trade as seems good to them; the beaver and the peltries that they may acquire with the aforesaid merchandise they shall be allowed to load in the canoe in which they come down, without being obliged to pay anything for transportation for these only. For thus, etc., promising each for himself, etc., obligating themselves, etc., and waiving, etc., made and passed at ViUemarie in the office of the said notary, May 7, 1690, in the afternoon, in the presence of the Sieurs Jean Cusson1 and George Pruneau, witnesses, residing in the said ViUemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de Boisrondel, the said Eustache Dumais, and the notary. The said Francois Dumais has declared that he does not know how to write or to sign on being interrogated according to the ordinance. Eustache Dumais Boisrondel Jean Cusson G. Pruneau Adhemar, notary Jean Cusson, baptized in 1636, notary for a time at Cap de la Madeleine, was now living in Montreal. One of his daughters had married Antoine Adhemar (see ante, 44-45 n.). The family was also connected through several marriages with the Aubuchons, another daughter having married the Joseph Aubuchon mentioned ante, 180 n. 2. A son, Jean, baptized in 1660, may have signed the above notarial, for he too was living in Montreal at this time. The elder Cusson died in 1718. Tanguay, Dictionnaire; Suite, Melanges Historiques, 1:106-107, 111 n.

224 0202

202 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Engagement of the Taf arts to Boisrondel, May 8, 1690 Notarial file of "A. Adbimar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. du 8? may 1690 Engagement des fafarts1 aciste dson frere a m. deboisrondel fai- sant pour m. delaf orest Pardt &c furent pnt en Leurs personnes Sr fran de boirondel faisant pour & au nom du Sr fran de Laforest escuyer cappne du dettacht de la marine en vertu du pouvoir quil a dit avoir de Luy & auql II promet de f r. agreer & ratiffier ces pnts a peyne de tous dspens domages & Intherests d Une part, Et & Louis fafart dmt ordt a batiscan De pnt En Cette ville de Lavis & consent* de Joseph fafart son frere dau'e part, Lesq'?9 parties de Leurs bons Grez & volonte ont de bonne foy faicts Les accords & Conventions quy Ensuivent Scavoir q. Led Louis fafart promet & soblige daller au fort dst Louis de La Louisane pais ds Islinois pour Led Sr Translation May 8, 1690 Engagement of the Fafarts,1 one acting for his brother, to Monsieur de Boisrondel, acting for Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., were present in person the Sieur Franqois de Boisrondel, acting for and in the name of the Sieur de la Forest, esquire, captain of the detachment of the marine, in the virtue of the power of attorney which he says he has for him, and on whose behalf he promises to have agreed to and ratified these presents, under pain of all expenses, damages, and interest, on the one part, and Louis Fafart, residing ordinarily at Batiscan, at present in this city, with the advice and consent of Joseph Fafart, his brother, on the other part, which parties of their own free will and voluntarily have in good faith made the agreements and covenants which follow: that is to say, the said Louis Fafart promises and obligates himself to go to Fort St. Louis in Louisiana in the country Joseph Fafart (Fafard or Faffar), who was baptized in 1662, married at Batiscan in 1703. He had a brother Louis, who, according1 to the census of 1681, would have been about twenty years old at this time. Their family lived at Batiscan. There were other Fafart brothers with these names who seemed to be more closely identified with Three Rivers.

225 0203

ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 203 de Laf orest & de partir a ses fins de Cette ville a la pre. requi'on quil Luy en sera faite dans tel Canot que Led Sr de boisrondel Luy Indiquera pour revenir au printemps prochain de lannee mil six Cens quatre vingt onse Et en dessendant aydera a Ramener un Canot charge de Castors & au'e pelleteries dud pais En cette ville dsquels II aura soin du mieux quil Luy sera possiB. & comme Sy cestoit a Luy mesmes Sans Encourir aucungs Risques, A La-charge que Led Sr de boirondel aud non Luy fournira de Canot & ds vivres tant pour aller aud fort St Louis q. pour Revenir en Cetted ville, Et Estant arrive aud fort St Louis Led Louis fafart ce Nourrira a ses fraix & dspents Jusques audt printemps Jour dLeur dspart dud fort St Louis pour venir En Cetted ville pendt LeqJ temps tout Ce quil ferat sera a son promt parr, Et Led Sr de boisrondel aud nom promet & soblige de Luy bailler & payer pour ses gages & salaires pour aller de Cette ville aud fort St Louis que po. Revenir ayder adssendre un Canot charge d Castors & au'e pelleteries La Some de trois Cens Livres en Castors au Translation of the Illinois for the said Sieur de la Forest and to set off from this city at the first demand that shall be made on him in whatever canoe the said Sieur de Boisrondel shall point out to him, to come back next spring of the year 1691, and in coming down to help in bringing back a canoe loaded with beaver and other peltries of the said country to this city, of which he shall take the best care that he possibly can as if it were his own, without running any risks, on the stipulation that the said Sieur de Boisrondel, for the aforesaid, shall furnish him with a canoe and with provisions both to go to Fort St. Louis and to come back to this city; and being arrived at the said Fort St. Louis the said Louis Fafart shall subsist himself at his cost and expense until the day of departure next spring from the said Fort St. Louis to come to this city, during which time all that he shall do shall be for his own special profit; and the said Sieur de Boisrondel, -for the aforesaid, promises and obligates himself to give and pay him for his wages and salaries to go from this city to the said Fort St. Louis as well as for his aid in bringing down a canoe loaded with beaver and other

226 0204

204 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS prix & Comme on Les recevra "au bureau du Roy pour Letres dEchange pour france Lesqte payet ce feront En Cette ville Incontinent apres son arrivee desd pais en Cette ville Sur Les castors quy seront dans Le Canot quil aydera adssendre Sans pouvoir par Luy pretendre au'e payet q. Sur les Castors quy seront dans Led Canot & q. Led Louis fafart aydera a dessendre quelque accident quy arrive en dessendant, Lequel fafart risquera son payet Comme sil Lavoit Recu aud fort St Louis Aussy bien que Led Sr de la forest Le Surplus desd Castors & pelleteries quy seront dans Led Canot Sera LoisiB. aud fafart de porter & metre dans Le Canot ou II montera ds marchandises pour traicter & fr. Lavalleur de quinze ou vingt Castors, & pour avoir ds vivres dspuis son arrive aud fort St Louis Jusquau printemps prochain Jo. de son dspart, Et Les marchandises q. dstinera pour traiter & f r La val-leur dsd quinse ou vingt Castors Les traitera partout ou bon luy semblera fors & exepte aud fort St Louis & pais ds Islinois, Les-quelles II Embarquera dans Le Canot ou II sera En montant & en Translation peltries, the sum of 300 livres in beaver at the price and as they are received at the king's bureau for letters of exchange on France, which payment shall be made in this city immediately after his arrival from the said country in this city from the beaver which shall be in the canoe which he shall help to bring down without his being able to pretend to any other payment than from the beaver which shall be in the canoe which the said Louis Fafart shall help to bring down; whatever accident may happen in coming down, the said Fafart shall risk his payment as if he had received it at the said Fort St. Louis, just as the said Sieur de la Forest risks the remainder of the said beaver and the peltries that shall be in the said canoe; it shall be permitted to the said Fafart to carry and bring in the canoe in which he shall go up, merchandise to trade to the value of fifteen or twenty beavers, and to supply him with provisions from his arrival at the said Fort St. Louis until the day next spring of his departure, and the merchandise which he shall intend for trading to the value of the said fifteen or twenty beavers, he shall trade anywhere that it seems good to

227 0205

ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 205 dssendant pourra metre Lesd quinse ou vingt castors dans Le Canot ql Aydera A dessendre sans payer aucune chose po. Le port Et Convenu entre Lesd parties quen Cas quil fut Juge a propos que Led Louis fafart ne dssendit pas Le printemps dlad annee prochaine 1691, II sera tenu dy rester Jusques au printemps de lannee 1692. Et Led Sr de boisrondel promet de luy fournir de vivres suivant Lusage du pais dspuis Le printemps dlad annee 1691 Jusques a Leur retour En Cette ville Et oultre moyet La some de trois Cens Livres que Led Sr de boirondel aud nom promet & soblige bailler & payer aud fafart po. Ses gages & sa-laires en Castors a son retour en Cette ville conf ormt & aux mesmes Charges clauses Conditions & mesmes Risques quest dit cy dessus po. Lesd trois Cens livres A la charge que Led fafart Sera tenu daller a la chasse po. Le service dud Si" de laforest & dsa ma'on pendt Led temps en fournissant par Led Sr de la Translation him with the exception of the said Fort St. Louis and the country of the Illinois; this merchandise he may load in the canoe in which he shall ascend and descend; and he may put the said fifteen or twenty beavers in the canoe which he shall help in bringing down without paying anything for transportation. And it is agreed between the said parties that in case it be judged proper that the said Louis Fafart shall not come down in the spring of next year, 1691, he shall be bound to remain there until the spring of the year 1692. And the said Sieur de Boisrondel promises to furnish him with provisions according to the custom of the country from the spring of said year, 1691, to his return to this city, beside, and in consideration of, the sum of 300 livres which the said Sieur de Boisrondel for the aforesaid promises and obligates himself to give and pay to the said Fafart for his wages and salaries in beaver on his return to this city in conformity to the same charges, clauses, and conditions, and the same risks that have been stipulated above for the aforesaid 300 livres; under the stipulation that the said Fafart shall be bound to go hunting for the service of the said Sieur de la Forest and for his household during the said time, the said Sieur de la Forest furnishing him a gun, lead, and powder.

228 0206

206 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS forest fusil plomb & poudre Car ainsy &c prot &c obligeant &c rennonst &c fait & passe aud ville marie Estude dud nore Lan mil six Cens quatre vingt dix Le hiutiesme Jour de may apres midy En pnce des Sr.s pierre Cabazie & George pruneau tesmoins Demt aud ville marie Sousnes avec Led Sr de boisrondel & nore Lesd fafarts freres ont deClare ne scavoir Escrire ny Signer de Ce Interpelles apres Lecture faite Suivant Lordce boirondel cabazie GPruneau Adhemar Nore Translation For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating themselves, etc., and waiving, etc., made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, May 8, 1690, in the afternoon, in the presence of the Sieurs Pierre Cabazie and George Pruneau, witnesses, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de Boisrondel and the notary. The said Fafart brothers have declared they do not know how to write or sign on being interrogated after the document was read in accord with the ordinance. Boisrondel Cabazie G. Pruneau Adhemar, notary

229 0207

ENGAGEMENT OF AMYOT TO BOISRONDEL 207 Engagement of Amyot to Boisrondel, May 8, 1690 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal__D.S. du 8e may 1690 Engagement de Sr de villeneufve j1 a mr. de boisrondel et faisant pour Mr de la forest Pardt &c furent pnt En Leur personne franqois de boisRondel faisant po. Le Sr de La forest D Une part, Et Daniel Joseph Amiot Sr de vileneufve voiageur dau'e part Lesquelles parties ont dbonne foy Convenu Ce quy En suit Scavoir q. led S* Vileneufve promet de monter au fort St Louis aux Islinois pour Led Sr de Laforest & de partir de Cette ville a la pre. requi'on quy Luy en sera faite & dans tel Canot quon luy Indiquera pour revenir au printemps dlannee prochaine 1691 Ayder a dessendre un Canot charge de Castors & au'e pelleteries dud pais en Cette ville, duq! canot & pelleteries Led Sr vileneufve promet den avoir soin du mieux q! Luy Sera possiB. Sans en Courir aucun risque A la charge q. led Sr de boisrondel aud Nom Luy fournira Canot & vivres pour aller Jusques aud fort St Louis & pour Revenir en Translation May 8, 1690 Engagement of the Sieur de Villeneuve1 to Monsieur de Boisrondel, acting for Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., were present in person Frangois de Boisrondel, acting for the Sieur de la Forest, on the one part, and Joseph Amyot, Sieur de Villeneuve, voyageur, on the other part, which parties have in good faith covenanted as follows: that is to say that the said Sieur de Villeneuve promises to ascend to Fort St. Louis in the Illinois for the said Sieur de la Forest and to set out from this city at the first request that shall be made to him and in such a canoe as he shall indicate, to return in the spring of next year, 1691, to help in bringing down a canoe loaded with beaver and other peltries of the said country to this city, of which canoe and peltries the said Sieur de Villeneuve promises to take the best care that he possibly can without running any risk; on the stipulation that the said Sieur de Boisrondel, for the aforesaid 'Daniel-Joseph Amyot, baptized on October S, 1665, son of Mathieu Amyot, called Villeneuve.

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208 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Cette ville Et Led vileneufve ce nourrira a ses fraix & dspens dspuis son arrive aud fort St Louis Jusques au Jour dson dspart pour venir En Cette ville & tout Ce ql fera pendt Ce temps La sera a son proffit particulier Et Led Sieur de boisrondel promet & soblige dluy bailler & paier po. ses gages & salaires pour aller & revenir La some de Cinq Cens Livres en Castors au prix come Le bureau Le Recoit pour Letres de Change po. france, Leql payet Led Sr de boisrondel promet de fr ou fr. fr. En Cette ville Incontinant apres Larrive dud vileneufve & ds Castors quy seront dans Le Canot q! aydera a dssendre sans pouvoir par Luy pre-tendre au'e payet que Sur Les Castors quy Seront Dans Led Canot ql aydera a dessendre quelque accident quy puisse arriver en dssendant, Et Led vileneufve Risque son payet dsd 500H Come sil Lavoit Recu aud fort St Louis aussy bien q. led Sr delaforest Le Surplus dsd pelleteries quy seront dans Led Canot Translation named, shall furnish him a canoe and provisions to go to the said Fort St. Louis and to return to this city, and the said Villeneuve shall subsist himself at his expense and cost from his arrival at the said Fort St. Louis to the day of his departure to come to this city, and all that he shall do during that time shall be for his personal profit; and the said Sieur de Boisrondel promises and obligates himself to give and pay him for his wages and salaries to go and come, the said sum of 500 livres in beaver at the price and as the bureau receives it for letter of exchange on France, which payment the said Sieur de Boisrondel promises to make or to have made in this city immediately after the arrival of the said Villeneuve and of the beaver which shall be in the canoe which he shall help to bring down, without any power on his part to pretend to any other payment except from the beaver which shall be in the said canoe which he shall help to bring down; whatever accident may happen in coming down, the said Villeneuve risks his payment of the 500 livres as if he had received it at the said Fort St. Louis, just as the said Sieur de la Forest risks the surplus of the said peltries which shall be in the said canoe. The said Villeneuve shall be permitted to load in the canoe in which he shall go up,

231 0209

ENGAGEMENT OF AMYOT TO BOISRONDEL 209 Sera permis aud vileneufve dembarquer dans Le Canot ou II sera en montant ds marchandises po. fr. La valleur de deux paqtiets dCastors & pour avoir dsvivres aud pais ds Islinois pour sy Nourrir dspuis son arrivee aud fort Jusques au printemps pro-chain Jr. de son dspart, Et Les marchandises ql dstinera pour traiter & faire Lesd deux paquets de Castors Les traitera partout ou bon Luy Semblera fors & exepte aud fort St Louis & pais ds Islinois, & Lesd deux paquets Les Embarquera dans Le Canot ou II Sera En dssendt sans paier aucun port; Et en Cas q. II f ut Juge a propos q. led vileneufve restat ausd Islinois sera tenu dy rester Jusques au printemps de lanne 1692 moyet La Som de trois Cens Livres qled Sr de boirondel promet paier & bailler aud vileneufve En Castors aux mesmes charges Clauses & Conditions & mesmes Risques quest dit cy dssus po. Le payet desd Cinq Cens Livres A Lacharge ql sera Nourry pendt Led temps & sera tenu daller a la chasse en fournissant plomb & poudre Car ainsy Translation merchandise to make up the value of two packets of beaver, and in order to have provisions in the said country of the Illinois to sustain himself from his arrival at the said fort until the next spring and the day of his departure; and for the merchandise which he shall intend for trading and to make up the two packets of beaver, he may trade it everywhere that seems good to him except in the said Fort St. Louis and the country of the Illinois; and he may embark the said two packets in the canoe in which he shall come down without paying any transportation; and in case it shall be judged proper that the said Villeneuve remain at the said Illinois, he shall be bound to remain there until the spring, 1692, in consideration of the sum of 300 livres which the said Sieur de Boisrondel promises to pay and give to the said Villeneuve in beaver under the same stipulations, clauses, and conditions, and the same risk as is stated above for the payment of the said 500 livres; with the stipulation that he shall be subsisted during the said time and shall be bound to go to the hunt, he furnishing lead and powder. For thus promising, etc., obligating himself, etc, and renouncing, etc., made and passed in the said Villemarie

232 0210

210 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS prot &c oB. &c renonst &c fait & passe aud villemarie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingt dix Le huitiesme jr demay Apresmidy En pnce d Sieurs pierre Cabasie et george pruneau tesmoings demt aud villemarie Sousnes avec Led S«" de Boisrondel aud non & nor.e Led vileneufve a deClare ne Scavoir Signer de Ce tnterpelle Suivant Lordce BoiRONDEL P CABAZIE G Pruneau Adhemar Nore Engagement of Besnard to Boisrondel, May 8, 1690 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal D.S. 8e may 1690 Engaget de Joseph besnard Sr de Carignan1 Au Sr de boisrondel faisant pour monsr delaforest Pardt &c furent presents En Leurs personnes sieur francois de boisrondel faisant pour & au nom du sr frangois de La forest escuyer capitayne dun destachement de la marine En vertu du Translation in the office of the said notary, May 8, 1690, in the afternoon, in the presence of the Sieurs Pierre Cabazie and George Pruneau, witnesses, residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned with the said Sieur de Boisrondel for the aforenamed and the notary. The said Villeneuve has declared that he does not know how to sign when interrogated according to the ordinance. Boisrondel P. Cabazie G. Pruneau Adhemar, notary May 8, 1690 Engagement of Joseph Besnard, Sieur de Carignan,1 to the Sieur de Boisrondel, acting for Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., were present in person the Sieur Francois de Boisrondel, acting for and in the name of the Sieur Francois de la Forest, esquire, captain of a detachment of the marine, in virtue Joseph Besnard, born in 1662, son of Rene Besnard, called Carignan. This Besnard (or Benard) was Sieur de Lavignon.

233 0211

¦ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 2U pouvoir quil a dit avoir de luy & auql II promet faire agree & rattifier ses pntes a peyne de tous dspens domages & Intherests d'une part, Et Joseph besnard Sr de Carignan voiageur de pnt en Cette ville dau'e part Lesqls parties de Leur bon Grez & volonter ont de bonne foy fait Les accords & marcher quy Ensuivent Scavoir que Led Sr Carignan promet & soblige daller au fort St Louis de la Louisane pais ds Islinois pour Led Sr delaf orest & de partir de Cette ville a la premiere Requi'on qLuy En sera faite dans tel Canot q Led Sr de boisrondel Luy Indiquera pour revenir au printemps de lannee prochaine 1691 ayder a Radmener un Canot charge de Castors & au'e pelleteries dud pais ds Islinois aud villemarie duql II aura Soin du mieux q! Luy sera possiB & Come sy Cestoit a luy mesmes Sans En Courir aucungs risques A la charge que Led Sr de boisRondel aud nom Luy fournira de Canot & de vivres tant pour aller aud fort St Louis, que pour Revenir dud fort en Cette ville, Et estant arriver aud fort St Louis Translation of the power which he says he has from him and by which he promises to have agreed to and ratified these presents, under pain of all expenses, damages, and interest, on the one part, and Joseph Besnard, Sieur de Carignan, voyageur, at present in this city, on the other part, which parties of their free will and voluntarily have in good faith made the accords and bargains that follow: that is to say that the said Sieur Carignan promises and obligates himself to go to the Fort St. Louis of Louisiana in the country of the Illinois for the said Sieur de la Forest, and to set out from this village at the first request that shall be made of him in such a canoe as the said Sieur de Boisrondel may indicate to him, to return in the spring of next year, 1691, to help in bringing back a canoe loaded with beaver and other peltries of the said country of the Illinois to the said Villemarie, of which he shall take the best care that he possibly can as if it belonged to himself, without running any risk; this is on the stipulation that the said Sieur de Boisrondel, for the aforenamed, shall furnish him with a canoe and provisions both to go to the said Fort St. Louis as to come back from the said fort to this city; and being arrived at the said

234 0212

212 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Led S>" Carignan ce Nourrira Jusques au printemps prochain Jour de son dspart dud fort pendant Leq! temps tout Ce quil fera sera a son proffit parr, Et pour ses Gages & Salaires daller & venir Led Sr de boirondel aud nom promet de Luy bailler & payer La Somme de Cinq Cens Livres en Castor au prix & Comme Le bureau Les recoit pour Lettres de Change pour f ranee, Leq! payet ce fera En Cette ville a son arrivee Sur Les Castors quy seront dans Le Canot quil aydera a dessendre sans pouvoir par Luy pretendre au'e payet ailleurs q Sur Lesd Castors quil aydera a dssendre dans Le Canot ou II sera quelque accident quy Leur Arrive En dessendant, Leq! S' Carignan Risquera Son payet comme sil Lavoit Recu aud fort St Louis aussy bien q. Led Sieur delaforest Le Surplus ds Castors & pelleteries quy seront dans Led Canot, Sera LoisiB. aud Sr Carignan de porter & avec Le Canot ou II montera ds marchandises pour y traicter & faire La valleur ddeux paquets de Castors & pour avoir ds vivres po Sub- Translation Fort St. Louis, the said Sieur Carignan shall subsist himself until the day next spring of his departure from the said fort, during which time all that he shall do shall be for his own personal profit; and for his wages and salaries going and coming the said Sieur de Boisrondel, for the aforesaid named, promises to give and pay him the sum of 500 livres at the price and as the bureau receives it for letters of exchange on France, which payment shall be made in this city on his arrival from the beaver which shall be in the canoes which he shall help to bring back, without any power on his part to pretend to any other payment except on the said beaver which he shall help to bring back in the canoe where he shall be; whatever accident may happen to them in coming down, the said Sieur Carignan shall risk his payment as if he had received it at the said Fort St. Louis just as the said Sieur de la Forest risks the surplus of the beaver and peltries which may be in the said canoe. The said Sieur Carignan shall "be permitted to carry in the canoe in which he shall come up, merchandise to trade and to make the value of two packets of beaver, and in order to provide himself with provisions to subsist himself from his arrival

235 0213

ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 213 cister dspuis son arrivee Jusques a son dspart, Et Les marchan-dises que Led Sr Carignan dstinera po. traicter & faire La valleur dsd paquets de Castor Les pourra traiter partout ou bon Luy semblera fors & exepte aud fort St Louis & pais ds Islinois Lesqte deux paquets II Embarquera dans Led Canot ou II sera en dessen-dant Sans paier aucun port dsd marchandises en montant ny dsd deux paquets en dessandant, Est Conveneu Entre Lesd parties quen cas quil Ne fut pas Juge a propos q Led Sr Carignan ne dessendit pour Le printemps prochain 1691 II sera tenu de rester aud pais pour Le service dud Sr delaf orest Jusques au printemps de Lannee densuite 1692, Et Led Sr de boirondel aud nom promet de Luy fournir des vivres Suivant Lusage du pais dspuis Led printemps prochain Jusques a Son arrivee En Cette ville & oultre de Luy paier La Some de trois Cens Livres po ses Gages & Salaires Et ce En Castors & confornt aud mesmes Clauses charges & Condi'ons & mesmes Risques quest dit cy dssus pour Lesd Cinq Cens Livres Et Translation until his departure; and the merchandise which the said Sieur Carignan shall intend for trade and to make the value of the two packets of beaver, he may trade everywhere that seems good to him except at the said Fort St. Louis and country of the Illinois; he may load the said two packets in the said canoe in which he shall come down without paying anything for transportation on the said merchandise or on the said two packets in coming down; it is covenanted between the two parties that in case it shall not be judged proper that the said Sieur Carignan come down in the next spring, 1691, he shall be bound to remain in the said country for the service of the said Sieur de la Forest until the spring of the following year, 1692, and the said Sieur de Boisrondel, for the aforesaid named, promises to furnish him provisions according to the custom of the country from the next spring until his arrival at this city, and besides to pay him the sum of 300 livres for his wages and salaries, and this in beaver conformably to the same clauses, charges, and conditions, and the same risks that is said above for the said 500 livres, and this beside the said sum of 500 livres for the aforesaid wages and salaries for going and coming;

236 0214

214 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Ce oultre Lad Some de Cinq Cens Livres ds Susd Gages & Salaires pour aller & venir, A la charge q. Led Sr Carignan sera tenu daller a la chasse pour Le Service dud Sr delaforest & dsa maison pendt Led temps en fournissant par led Sr de Laforest fusil plomb & poudre Car Ainsy &c prot &c obligeant &c fait & passe aud ville-marie Estude dud nore Lan mil Six Cens quatre vingts dix Le huictiesme Jour de may apres midy En pnces ds S'.s pierre Cabazie & George pruneau tesmoings demt aud ville marie sousn?s avec Lesd S«" de boisrondel, Carignan & nor.e apres Lecture faicte suivant Lordonnance GPruneau Joseph benard boirondel p cabazie Adhemar Translation with the stipulation that the said Sieur Carignan shall be bound to go to the hunt for the service of the Sieur de la Forest and for his household during the said time, the said Sieur de la Forest furnishing gun, lead, and powder. For thus, etc., promising, etc., obligating themselves, etc., made and passed at the said Villemarie in the office of the said notary, May 8, 1690, in the afternoon, in the presence of the Sieurs Pierre Cabazie and George Pruneau, witnesses residing at the said Villemarie, undersigned by the said Sieur de Boisrondel, Carignan, and the notary, after the document has been read according to the ordinance. G. Pruneau Joseph Besnard Boisrondel P. Cabazie Adhemar, notary

237 0215

ENGAGEMENT TO BOISRONDEL, 1690 215 Engagement of J. Lelat to Boisrondel, May 8, 1690 Notarial file of A. Adhemar, Palais de Justice, Montreal_D.S. 8e May 1690 Engagement de Lelat1 a Mr de boisrondel faisant pour Mr dela- forest Pardt &c furent pnt francois deboirondel faisant pour & au nom du S* fran De laforest escuyer Capne du dettacht de la marine dune part, Et Jean LeLat voiageur demt en Cette ville dau'e part Lesquelles parties ont de bonne foy Convenu Ce quy Ensuit Scavoir q led LeLat a promis & sest oblige de monter Incessamt po. Led Sr de laforest pour aller au fort St Louis pais ds Islinois dans tel Canot q led Sr deboirondel Luy dira de sem-barquer ds demain ou Apres pour Revenir Le printemps prochain 1691 aydera radmener un Canot charge de Castor & pelleteries dud pais en Cette ville, Duq! Canot & pelleteries II aura soin du mieux q! Luy sera possiB. & Comme Sy Cestoit a Luy mesme, Sans en Courir aucungs Risques, A Lacharge q led Sr de boirondel Translation May 8, 1690 Engagement of Lelat1 to Monsieur de Boisrondel, acting for Monsieur de la Forest. Before, etc., were present Franqois de Boisrondel, acting for and in the name of the Sieur de la Forest, esquire, captain of the detachment of the marine, on the one part, and Jean Lelat, voy-ageur, living in this city, on the other part, which parties have in good faith covenanted what follows: that is to say that the said Lelat has promised and obligated himself to the said Sieur de la Forest to set out immediately and go to Fort St. Louis in the country of the Illinois in such a canoe as the said Sieur de Boisrondel shall tell him to embark in, tomorrow or afterward, to return the next spring, 1691. He shall help to bring back a canoe loaded with beaver and peltries of the said country to this city, of which canoe and peltries he shall take the best care that he possibly can as if it belonged to himself, without running any risks; this is on the stipulation that the said Sieur de Boisrondel shall furnish Jean Lelat was baptized March IS, 166S at Chateau Richer. See post, 221 n.

238 0216

216 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Luy fournira canot & vivres pour monter & dssendre Et estant Arrive ausd pais & fort Led LeLat ce nourrira a ses fraix & dspens despuis son arrive Jusques aud printemps prochain Jour de son dspart pendant Leql temps tout Ceq! fera sera a son promt parr Et Led S* de boisrondel aud Nom promet & soblige de Luy bailler & paier po. ses Gages & Salaires pour aller aud fort & revenir en Cette ville ayde a admener un Canot charge de Castors & au'e pelleteries La Some de Six Cens Livres en bons Castors au prix & come on le Recoit au bureau de quebec po. Letres de change po. f ranee Leq} payet dlaquelle ditte Some de six Cens Livres ce fera en Cetted ville a Son arrive Sur Les Castors quy Seront dans Le Canot quil aydera a dssendre sans pouvoir par Luy pretendre au'e payet q. Sur Les Castors quy seront dans Led Canot ql aydera a dessendre quelque accident qj Leur arrive En dssendant Leq! risquera son payet come sil Lavoit Recu aud fort St Louis aussy bien q. Led Sr de laforest Le Surplus dsd Translation him a canoe and pr