LIFE   OF   MRS. PANKHURST,
THE GREATSUFFRAGETTE,
Emmeline Goulden was born in Man-
chester, England, on the anniversary
of the storming of the Bastile. Radi-
calism may be said to run in her blood.
iHer father was a prominent Radical
politician, and her grandfather nar-
rowly escaped with his life at the
great Franchise Riots at Peterloo, in
1819.
Becomes a Republican.
She was educated at Paris, and
there met the daughter of Henri
Rochefort and became an ardent Re-
publican. Miss Goulden had been un-
usually gifted by nature, notonly with
intelligence and .courage, but also with
personal attractions.  In her youth
she had the reputation of being the
most beautiful woman in England.
Marries Pioneer Suffragist.
.'In 1879 she met Dr. Pankhurst, a
distinguished barrister, who had been
a member of the first Woman Suffrage
Society, founded by John Stuart Mill,
and she married him in the same year.
Begins Work for Suffrage.
A little later she was placed on the
Executive Committee of the only Wo-
man Suffrage Society then existing,
and was also on the Women's Com-'
mittee for pushing the Married Wo-
men's Property Bill, drawn by Dr.
Pankhurst, which is now law.
Helps Her Husband in Politics.
In 1883 Mrs. Pankhurst assisted her
husband as Independent Radical can-
didate for Manchester, and two years
later as Radical candidate for Rother-
hithe. In 1886 she went to London'
and joined the Fabian Society and the
Holborn Women's Liberal Association.
She remained a Liberal until 1892,
when she joined the Independent La-
bor Party, and returned to Manches-
ter.
Holds Offices of Trust.-
Mrs. Pankhurst has repeatedly been
chosen by her fellow townsmen to
hold positions of trust and respon-
sibility. In 1892 she stood as the In.
dependent Labor candidate for the
Manchester School Board, and re-
ceived the largest vote of any of the
defeated candidates.  The following
year she was elected on the Board of
Poor Law Guardians for Manchester,
receiving the highest vote of any of
the successful candidates. She served
in' that capacity for five years.
In 1899, on her husband's death, she
was appointed Registrar of Births and
Deaths, and the following year was
elected as Trades Council Nominee of
the School Board. She twice served
Ion the National Demonstration Coun-
[cil of the Independent Labor Party.
..         A;..v~~~~k7-7A..... ,
' She heldher appointment as Regis-
trar until she was deprived of it, her
friends say, because of her activity in
the suffrage movement. Her four chil-
dren, a son and three daughters, were
all young. She went into business and
contrived to give them all a university
education. It is no wonder that they
stand by her now in her arduous work
for the ballot.
"The Mother of the Gracchi."
Each of her three daughters has de-
veloped a separate gift, and uses it for
the cause. Christabel has studied law,
and is a good speaker, and very bright
at answering questions. She is a great
favorite because of her prettiness and
her wit. At balls, she is besieged by
the young men with requests to dance,
and they think themselves lucky when
they can get even half a dance. Sylvia
is an artist, and designs banners for
the suffrage processions, and decora-
tions for the meetings. Adela writes.
But the 'three girls can all change
parts on occasion, writing or speak-
ing or going to prison. Mrs. Pank-
hurst is often called by her friends
"the Mother of the Gracchi."
Becomes Militant.
Mrs. Pankhurst worked for woman
suffrage for many years, in the usual
way, by meetings, petitions, etc. The
antiquated rules of the House of Com-
mons allow endless obstruction. An
obstinate minority, no matter how
small, can delay any. bill indefinitely
and keep it from reaching a final vote,
unss        cabinet ministers come t
the rescue and give the friends of the
bill facilities for putting it through.
Seeing the suffrage bill thus blocked
year after year and prevented from
coming to a vote, although a large ma-
jority of the members of the House
or Commons were its professed
friends, Mrs. Pankhurst and a few
other women became convinced that
new tactics must be tried. They de-
cided to bring pressure to bear on the
cabinet. A further account of how
and why they became "militant" is
given in another column.
Turned England Upside Down.
In 1903, with her daughter, Christa-
bel, Mrs. Pankhurst took a leading
part in forming the Women's Social
and Political Union. This association
and the other militant society, the
Women's Freedom   League, have al-
most turned England upside down.
The American public have some gen-
eral idea of what they have done. The
reports cabled to this country have
been a wild caricature of the facts,
but the facts are sensational enough.
Her First Imprisonment.
Mrs. Pankhurst was arrested on
In October of the sai
Flora Drummond wer(
leged "incitement" was
J all over London of post
people to come at a a
help the suffragists "r
of Commons."   This
effort to get in and E
tion. Some 50,000 p(
and, though there was
serious violence, the a
badly scared, and were
make an example of th
trial lasted three days
who has taken her de,
yer, but under British
lowed to practice, con
fence.  She summone
principal cabinet minis
as witnesses, and qu
with a skill and brilliai
have done honor to t
ablest cross-exainer.
hurst's earnest see
her aCtl>n also
iFeb. 13, 1908, for heading a deputation
inf thirteen women to the Hous e.O.
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