LCRBMRP-T0D13

EXPANSION.

The question is often asked, "Are you in favor of expansion?" How could I be any other than an expansionist? It is the doctrine of our government, of our religion and of our civilization. The missionary thought of the gospel is one of extending and spreading to the uttermost parts of the earth the tidings of man's redemption from ignorance, sin and crime.

The genius of our civilization carries with it the breaking down of the walls of partition between civilized and the uncivilized, between the barbarian and the semi-barbarian and presented to the unfortunate of the earth the advantages of our homes, churches, school houses and colleges.

The only condition that I have in expressing my opinion in favor of the expansion by the United States is, that the expansion shall be the expansion based upon the principles of the civilization of Plymouth Rock, rather than the principles of the civilization represented by Jamestown.

The two civilizations have continued for centuries. Plymouth Rock has triumphed at home, and Plymouth Rock ought to triumph abroad.

The principles that recognizes the colored man are the principles that ought to prevail.

The inhabitants of our new possessions all belong to the darker races, and according to the civilization of Jamestown, are under the ban of the Anglo-Saxon and only fit to be hewers of wood and drawers of water, and to be denied their political and social rights.

All that I ask is, that the darker children, who are to be invited to come in our common-wealth, that they should be given their seat at the table with the other children of Uncle Sam, and be given an opportunity to earn their bread by the sweat of their brow, or to acquire their place by their skill, by their ingenuity and by their loyalty to the flag of our country.

I trust that this will be the beginning of the accentuation of the immortal principle of the Declaration of the Independence, and that every law, statute of decision that discriminates against a man on the account of his race, his color or religion, will be wiped off the face of the earth with the Monroe doctrine, and that 00043we shall represent the teachings of the humble Nazarene, in all lands in all countries, so that where ever our flag floats. It shall represent the principles of the cross of Calvary

The acquisition of the Hawaiian Island's is a step in the right direction. The Hawaiian Island has an area of 6,677 square miles, population, 95,000. On the 12th day of August, 1898, Admiral Miller of the U.S. Navy, took the possession the island in the name of the United States government, and hoisted the American flag in the presence of the representatives of the island and established a provisional government after which the national Commission appointed by Pres. McKinley, consisting of S.M. Cullum of Illinois, J.T. Morgan, of Alabama, and Hon. I. Hitt, of Illinois, convened and formulated rules and regulations for the temporary and permanent government of the island. The national authority and dominion by this act was extended 2,089 miles and destroyed the oratorical expression, "our ocean-bound republic."

The Spanish war is one of the wonders of the 19th century. It has taught the world a lesson in military science. It has been an object lesson in the relation of one government to another. It has accentuated the doctrine of the solidarity of nations and has taught a lesson of the interdependence of man upon man as never before, has laid upon the heart of the civilized world the doctrine of the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of man.

The cry of Cuba has been heard and a million and a half of people were delivered from the Spanish tyranny and the chains of four centuries have been broken, and Cuba lifts her chainless hand to heaven.

Porto Rico, with her eight hundred thousand souls, has been invited to sit down at the table with the republics of our civilization, while the Phillipinos are resisting the authority and power of our magnificent republic.RECAPITULATION.Area in square miles, Porto Rico, 3,670, population 813,000; Cuba, area in square miles 43,000, population 1,555,000; Philippine, square miles 117,000, population 9,500,000.

The total number of square miles in Porto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines combined are 163,670, total aggregated population, 11,868,000. This is the largest number of persons ever aggregated by one administration since the foundation of the Republic and the largest possibilities lie in the acquisition of the territory because it is scattered over every zone of the earth and produces all manner of fruit and animals. Nothing that we need hereafter for our tables, need be bought outside of the Dominion of the great Republic. Thus, the acquisition is great in many respects and it brings with it greater responsibilities for the old institutions, customs habits and manners of the new territory will have to be changed and reconstructed on the modern civilization. New ideas will take the place of the old, modifications in the family relations will have to be dealt with very cautiously in order to prevent irritation and friction; the married relations will have to be changed and be modified according to the teachings of the New Testament.

President McKinley has been wise, just, humane and economical in his 00054administration. He has been true to the promise that his party made before his election. He has been true to the farmers and prosperity has attended their labor and the husbandman has been rewarded.

Mechanics and laborers have had increased compensation for brain and muscle labor. The white wings of commerce have been spread over the waters of many seas, bays and oceans.

The educational interest of our country was never in a better condition than now. Everywhere all persons are now looking forward, to the rising sun, the hum of the wheels of industries furnish music for the toiling millions, and the advance in prices is receiving the attention of the workman, as he returns from his day's work.

In peace and in war, William McKinley has been the same. He has been true, not alone to the white man and to others, but he has been true to the Negro, and in every case where he had an opportunity he has advanced him financially and otherwise.

It has been his privilege to commission more Negro soldiers as officers in the United States army than has been commissioned since the foundation of the Republic. He signed more commissions for the Negroes than all the Presidents since the days of the Father of his country, and while Lincoln was the great emancipator, he only signed one, Major; Grant, the deliv'er of the nation, during his term as President only made one Counselor General, wherein William McKinley has made two, so in all the departments he has been true to the race, true to his country and to his God.GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC.In 1772, the Territories of the Confederation extended westward to the Mississippi, and northward to the Lakes, giving total area of about 800,000 square miles, but by large acquisitions since made, it has reached its present size.

Its Present Area Has Been Acquired As Follows: 1776 1783 by war with England, the 13 original states, square miles 820 680, cost $168,000,000; 1803, by treaty with France, (Louisana), 899,576 square miles, cost, $15,000,000; 1819, by treaty with Spain, Florida, 66,900 square miles cost $3,000,000; 1845, treaty by union with Mexico, Texas, 318,000 square miles debt of Texas on admission into the Union, $7,500,000; 1846, by treaty with England, Oregan and California 308 052 square miles; 1846 48, by war Mexico, New Mexico, 522,955 square miles, cost $15,000,000; 1853, by treaty with Mexico, Gads'n purchase, 45,535 square miles, cost $10,000,000; 1867, treaty with Russia, Alaska. 577,909 square miles, cost $7,200,000; total number of square miles, 3,559,687, total cost $225,500,000.

Its increase in population and rapid growth and development have been truly wonderful. In 1620 there were 300 white settlers in New England. Less than 250 years, New York City was made up of a dozen log cabins, and all the land now comprising the city and country of New York, was purchase for the small pittance of $24.00.

Seventy-five years since, there were less than 5,000 white people in the vast region between Lake Michigan and the Pacific Ocean, while the population now exceeds 10,000,000. Chicago was then a mere trading post of half a dozen huts. 00065

Seventy years ago those immense lakes, Ontario, Michigan, Huron and Superior were entirely without commerce, and an Indian's canoe was about the only craft seen upon them, but now they are crowded thoroughfares' and the value of the traffic upon these waters and navigable rivers, is enormous.

April 2nd, 1788, a band of fortyeight persons left for the mouth of the Youghogheny and the May Flower of the west was floated out in the Monongahela. They merged on the broad bosom of the Ohio and began an easier journey down that beautiful river to their chosen home below. Five days after they landed on the banks of the Muskingdum river April 7th, 1788, at its confluents of the Ohio, and the first settlement of the Americans in the North-west Territory began.

On the opposite side of the Muskingdum river stood Fort Harmar, garrisoned by a detachment of United States soldiers. The pioneers found protection from the Indians and enjoyed the society of the pioneers' defences of the backwoods' life.

The company of settlers were composed of excellent men, determined upon finding homes for their families, determined to retrieve fortunes lost in the war of the Independence. They recognized the necessity of some form of government, hence they organized themselves into a body of politic, adopted a code of laws and Return Jonathan Meigs was appointed to administer to them. Mr. Meigs published the laws by nailing them to a tree where all could see and read them.

October 5th, 1787, the congress of the old federation appointed Arthur St. Clair, Governor, and Winthrop Sargent, Secretary of the Territory North-west of the Ohio river. On the 16th of the same month they appointed Samuel Holden, Parsons John Armstrong and Mitchem Varnum, judges. John Cleves Symmes was chosen to fill the vacancy caused by the declination of Mr. Armstrong. The judges were among the early arrivals in the settlement.

Governor St. Clair arrived in the colony July 9th , 1788, and on the 14th day of July published a compact of 1787, the constitution of the territory and the commission of himself and the three judges. He explained in the proclamation the provisions of the ordinance to the people. He urged the settlers to prepare a detence against the Indians; they neglected to do so and suffered.

On the 25th day of July the first law of the territory was published and the next day the Governor issued a proclamation creating Washington County, which comprised a large part of the State of Ohio. He next established Courts of Probate and quarter Sessions. The Common Pleas Court was established August 30th, and Return Jonathan Meiga, Clerk of this court, and Ebenezer Sproat was appointed Sheriff. Rufus Putnman was appointed Judge of Probate Court and Return Jonathan Meigs. Jr., Clerk, thus the commission of the government was put in motion and Gov. St. Clair declared the 25th of December, 1788, to be kept a day of Thanksgiving, thus following the example of the Puritan fathers in 1620.

The establishment of the government in the North-west Territory had a very important bearing on the history of the country. It was the 00076beginning of the organization to be administered on the principles of universal liberty. The provisions of the ordinance were of such nature that, if carried out as designed by the authors and decreed by Congress a revolution, between the white men and the black men of the new territory, and the old battle so stubbornly fought since the days of the Nazarene, was to be open on the plains of the west with the advantage on the side of the oppressed and with the hope of the final triumph of the force of freedom.

The fathers in laying the foundation of our republic did so without a chart. The only model they had was the universal desire of mankind for self-government, self-support and self-defence, crystallizing these sentiments and expressing them. Jefferson performed an act that will immortalize his name to the latest generations.

The organization of the North west Territory was the legitimate fruits of the labors of the Rev. Manasiah Cutler, of Mass. whose life and works was the embodiment of the Declaration of Independence, the true representative of the civilization of Plymouth Rock, a friend of the continental soldier and advocated the rights of the American Negro. He appeared before the people of Massachusetts and of the American Congress, advocating the consecration of a certain portion of the North west territory for the children of freedom. He had an important mission on his hand. As a pioneer reformer in government, he has had no equal as to the results of his work. He used as his plea before the people statesmen, ministers and philanthropist, the following words to the heroes of 1776:--When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation."

We, hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and institute a new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness."

The Declaration of Independence was the Magna Charta of American liberty. It was the expression of the soul of human freedom, and the language of the patriots of 1776.

The expression was not learned from the nations of antiquity, it was not taught in any work on political economy, but it was the simple utterance of the human soul on the question of mind, soul and body freedom. Where was the expression from? Whence its origin? Was it earth or heaven born? Never in the history of man was so grand an utterance announced as the corner stone of a humane 00087government. It startled the inhabitants of the Old World, and made kings and the great men of the royal aristocracy examine their title to and honor. It was like the bow of hope to the struggling government of the new world. It was a death blow to the doctrine of the divine right of kings to rule the people. The shock of that blow is still felt in all lands where the name of, and the fame of, our grand Republic is known to the earth, its inhabitants, and the beneficent influences of the doctrine of this government of the people, and by the people, and for the people, is to continue to increase in power and influence until the inhabitants of the earth enjoy universal freedom.

When the fathers formed the constitution, they used the following language:

We the people of the United States in order to form a more perfect union establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States."

Never was there an instrument of writing more in harmony with the spirit of justice and right than was the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, but it was the same year that the Ordinance of 1787 was proposed and the northwest was given to freedom. The spirit of liberty was abroad in the land, in city and country, in the valley and on the mountain, it filled the hearts of the people, and the sentiments were for the equality of man.Preparatory Steps To The Ordinance Of 1787.The first step was to appeal to the friends of liberty and justice and secure their hearty support. This was done, and they by speeches, lectures, essays, debates and books, presented the wrongs of the Negro, and the sinfulness of slavery was presented to the Christian world as never before. This was the period of individual effort.

The second step or period was when the friends of freedom formed organizations, anti-slavery societies to make and mould public sentiment against the slave trade in foreign lands, to protest against man stealing and man buying, to resist the non-extension of slavery in the territories and to prevent any State from entering the Union.

The third step or period was when an effort was made to take the question out of the realm of politics as far as practicable and put it in the domain of morals, to make it a moral and commercial question, to bring the problem home to the gates of commerce and the door of the church and thus make the pulpit take one side or the other, to show commerce that it would be most prosperous in a free land, with free institutions and free men. The matter was brought before the bars of public opinion and conscience, and finally before the bar of God, by the true sons of liberty, and the sons of oppression. In many places the pulpit was as dumb as the pew, and both were deaf to the appeal of the oppressed and the entreaties of their friends; the ten Commandments and the golden rule were imprisoned in the house of God.

The fourth step or period was when it became a contest between free and 00098slave labor. The rights of the Negro became a factor in the problem of commerce and became intimately connected with men of all stations and position. The agriculturalist, the mechanic, the merchant, the manufacturer of wool and cotton goods, the banker, the producer and consumer could not ignore the question, whether producer of manual or mental labor; it was to their interest to take the side of freedom, because men are independent beings. What is good for the individual is good for the whole.

Fifth, the ordinance of 1787 was one of the greatest state papers of the colonial period of our government, or we may say of the formative period of the confederacy. It was the last great act of the confederacy, for while the congress in New York was discussing its provisions, the constitutional convention was in session at Philadelphia, laying the foundation of the great republic tracing the designs of the temple of universal liberty and equality, where all races of men were to assist in establishing, maintaining, protecting a government of the people, for the people and by the people. Thus the legal, civil, social and political rights of the people demanded a definition and an understanding. If they were citizens, then they were entitled to all the rights enjoyed by the most favored; if not citizens, but men with no rights of their own then another course was necessary. It was a trying time, for the very air was pregnant with the sentiments of the Declaration of Independence. The ten commandments and the golden rule had met and kissed each other at the birth of the nation. Statesmen and orators had dwelt on the inalienable rights of men, not white men nor black men, but they had said that all men were created equal and endowed with certain rights, which could not be sold or bought, nor could they be given away, right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Six step toward the establishment of the empire of freedom was the desire of the soldiers of the revolution to establish a government of the fundamental principles for which they had fought and suffered.

The seventh step which brought about the ordinance was the "Hand of God," as seen in the providential arrangement of the affairs of the world, so that it was almost impossible for the Americans to retain their respect of England, France and Spain without showing that their profession of supreme love of liberty was genuine, and that when they said all men they meant the black, red and white men. It was a cancellation on a debt to the sentiment of universal liberty. It was a demand from the world on the revolutionary fathers; they paid it willingly and we enjoy its blessings.

The eight step or reason for the ordinance of 1787 was that it became a religious question. The Negro to the church of the living God, and asked: Am I not a man and I brother? The Negro received no reply, was put in the galleries and was invited to the "second table" to commemorate the death and suffering of Christ But he would sing with them: "My Savior's pierced side poured out a double flood, By water we are purified and purchased by His Blood."

The ninth step was the desire of the Ohio company to have land for 00109the freemen and not slaves, to establish Christian homes and intelligent homes, where justice and righteousness, peace and prosperity reigned under the same roof, and where all would eat at the same table and pray to the same God.

The eleventh step was the elementary principle of New England churchmen and statesmen combined in the Rev. Manassah Cutler, who for the first time in the march of years, brought the laws of Moses and the teaching of the Nazarens together and gave the world the most sublime example of the triumph of principle over personal interest, and laid the corner stone of the temple of universal freedom for all time to come.What Ohio Was, And Is.Ohio was the border land of freedom, the isthmus between slavery and Canada. It was the short cut of the underground railway; it was the battle-field of liberty equality, and the home of civil rights and universal emancipation, and was the seat of the first college for the sons of oppression and daughters of bondage. It was here liberty took her stand and said to slavery, "Thus far shall thou come and no further; here thy proud waves must stop."

The Sons of liberty organized and announced these principles to the world, and nominated one of their number for President of the United States, and said, "Roll on, liberty's ball, roll on, until every chain is broken and every fetter loosed from the limbs of every son of Adam." the genius of universal liberty, immediate emancipation and equal rights to all men, unfurled the banner and called on the Sons of liberty to follow the standard on to victory or death. Here was the place where the fugitive slave law found its strongest foes; here it was checked in its wild career, here the "Free Soldiers" had the first victory over their foes, here the right of an equal education was first conceded to the colored men; here we had men who would assist, in the darkness of the night, the son of bondage on his way to freedom. It was the school of freedom, the normal school of liberty, the college and seminary of human rights, and the university where the Declaration of Independence, ten commandments, and the golden rule were the only text books, and the motto was "The fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man."

The men who belonged to the Ohio company had been soldiers in the revolutionary war. They had received their pay in Continental promises to pay; so they wanted to secure homes for their families in the west; they wanted some place to settle down, so that they and their children could live happy and contended. We find that the conditions were for the establishment of freedom, free men, free speech, free press, free schools and free ballots.

An empire of religious liberty.--Free to worship God, or free to have their own thoughts on God, man, time and eternity; free to advocate natural or revealed theology; free to be a Methodist or a Catholic. But the religious 001110sentiment has been one of the strong towers of the Northwest. It has given an honest, sober and industrious community.

An empire of knowledge.--Education was to be encouraged and supported, so that every child in the States would be prepared to be an intelligent and useful citizen. It was to be a moral as well as a secular education. The whole man--head, heart and hands--was to be trained, brought out.

An empire of free homes.--Every family was to be provided with a home, which the family could arrange with taste and care, adorn and beautify, for the better enjoyment of life; where a family altar, dedicated to religion, morality and knowledge, could be established.

An empire of honest and loyal men, who loved their country more than self, who were consecrated to the principle of the Declaration of independence, and obeyed the ten commandments, and worked by the golden rule, and obeyed the ten commandments, and worked by the golden rule. These were the men whose sons were to lay down their lives for the Constitution and the Union in 1861-5. They were true to the principle of fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man.

To these men who founded the State it was a safe base of operation in the time of war, and with the cardinal principles of a republican form of government as the foundation of the new community. As they traveled west ward, their mottoes were free speech, free press, free schools, free ballot free jury-box, equal taxation, equal militia service, equal rights to all and special privileges to none. These were some of the rallying cries of the immigrants to the west and northwest.

Thus we see how the friends of the cause of freedom were encouraged, and how they by their own free will laid a foundation for the success of the citizens of the northwest; for when a man or a number of men take truth and justice for their guide, they cannot go wrong--they must succeed--for God has promised success to those who walk uprightly in church and state.

What are some of the blessings that come from the ordinance of 1787? It gives an equality in everything. In the South it was churches and school-houses for the whites, while it was the slave-pen and auction block for the blacks.

The Ohio Territory and State was the highway of freedom and the breakwater of slavery. Here caste was permitted to live, but she was not not allowed to bring her mother along, to remain any length of time.It was the first field of liberty. Here she plowed, sowed and raised a grand crop of liberty-loving men and women. It was a loyal community. They loved their country, fellow-men and God and their fellow-men and God loved them.

It was the highway of freedom, for thousands of men would have died in houses of bondage if it has not been for Ohio's underground railroad!

This ordinance gave us unrestricted emigration to the west. There was no barrier thrown in the way, but every 001211encouragement was given to settlers of the country, and free homes were founded and the fires of soul-freedom burned in all the states. The men of Ohio were loyal to the Constitution and Union, and obeyed the ten commandments and the golden rule, and when danger threatened our institutions, young men and old men left farm and shop, the bank and school-house, their father and mother, wife and children, and presented themselves, to fight, suffer, defend, and if need be, die for the heritage bequeathed by the heroes of 1776, and preserved by the gallantry of the patriots of 1812, and those who marched to the City of Mexico. There was no set of men in the army that had a better record for gallantry and for personal bravery than had the soldiers of the State of Ohio from 1861 until the last gun was fired and the last foe had surrendered, to the Constitution and the Union.

The Northwest Territory has occupied a very important place in the development of the Western part of the United States; it has furnished a large number of the families who occupy the western states and territories; it also furnished a large number of men in the army of 1861-65; it has taken a prominent part in all of the financial contests in the past fifty years; it was very pronounced on its sentiments on the slavery question, and within the borders of the North-west Territory liberty found its strongest advocates and most able defenders.

It is hard to account for the part that the inhabitants of this small territory have taken in all of the great conflicts, financially, morally and politically, but there is one thing I think can be said of the Northwestern Territory. In the first place, the men who occupied the territory, and the women who were the mothers of the children that were born in the North-west Territory were of noble parentage and noble blood, and were trained in the school of liberty and free thought. Consequently, when they were coming to the West, they laid the foundation of the social, civil and political institutions on principles that were Immortal.

The family altar was well built and well guarded. The children were well trained, and consequently they were law-abiding and law-loving, as well as liberty-loving families. The children imbibed the liberty spirit of the fathers, and the whole community became advocates of free soil and free men.

The second source of strength to the Northwest was that they built their institution on the religion of Jesus Christ. The altar of religion stood side by side with the family altar, and father and mother and child all became imbued with the faith that the fathers had in the religion of Jesus Christ; that taught the brotherhood of man, and the fatherhood of God, and every child was taught to say, "Our father who art in heaven;" and then in the "our" was embraced every nation, kindred and tongue, consequently the obligation of the great principle of the brotherhood of man was easily accomplished in the Northwest Territory, and the articles composed in the ordinance of 1787 contained the sentiment that religion, 001312morality and knowledge were the basis of all lasting governments.

Our fathers laid the foundation of an educational system, and their educational alter became so firmly fixed that certain sections of land dedicated by them for the cause of education are still bearing fruit of the labors and toils of the fathers, so that the altar of education was the third method of strength and power of the Northwest.

The fathers not only believed in the family, religious and educational altar, but they believed in patriotism and built the altar of patriotism, side by side, with the other altars, and the smoke of the sacrifice ascended from it every 4th day of July, and the boys were given a rousing time, that stirred up their patriotism when the old flag was waved, and the American eagle made to scream, and the glories of the fathers in the Revolution were presented in burning words by orators and by divines.

The fifth method of strength and power of this community lies in the industry of its inhabitants. Every man, woman and child was taught that it was honorable to work and that labor was royal and not degrading; that free labor was the highest occupation of the free man, and that a free man living upon a free soil and exercising free speech, going to free schools, using a free ballot and giving a fair count, was the highest ambition and greatest commission of an American citizen.

Then the doctrine as taught by these fathers was that there was a personal and moral obligation that existed upon man and man, regardless of his religion, an obligation that was natural, a chain of obligations that bound each to his fellowman and bound family to family, race to race, nation to nation, and finally bound them all to the first great cause.

Thus you see this sentiment as grown in the Northwest has distinguished it more than any other portion of our country. By reason of its principles it has a place in history as the works of the fathers. The moral and religious forces of this section were organized early. The pioneer Methodist preacher and the poor schoolmaster were abroad in the land, and where the pioneer preacher and the schoolmaster join forces, to lay a foundation in the community, it is sure to prosper.

I will give some of the figures as to the condition of this section of the country today, as contrasted with the condition of the country in the year 1800. We will take a hundred years account of the progress of the educational, of the moral, of the religious, the agricultural, mechanical and financial affairs, and see what a wonderful progress has been made in the hundred years that have past; and from what I have seen of the past, and what I know of the present, we may judge, somewhat faintly, of the future of this great Northwest Territory. It is an honor to live in such a community. It is a privilege worth a life time to be a member of the forces that are at work in this western country in the development of true manhood and true womanhood. Therefore, we will now give you some of the 001413figures that you may see the astonishing growth of the territory dedicated to religion, to morality, and to knowledge.

The following is a general summary of the Territory that was known as the Northwest in 1787, and which was to be formed into five States, and to be the home of freemen:State.Sq. Miles Pop 1800Pop 1880 Ohio...41,06645,0003,198,239 Indianna..36;330 5,6401,978,362 Illinois..56,03012,2823,078,769 Wis.,... 56,030 (1840)30,9451,315,480 Mich.,....58,915 (1810)4,7621,636,331

The total number of square miles in these five states is 248,991. The total number of inhabitants in 1800 was 98,629, and in the same territory we had in 1880 11,207,181. In 1800 there were 1,253 colored persons free and 455 slaves, of a total colored population of 1,708. We had in 1880 182,663 colored persons, and in 1890 218,470, all free, and no slaves. These figures are given in the last census.

Indiana was a part of the Northwest Territory and was first settled by Canadian voyagers in 1702, at Vincennes. It was organized as a territory in 1800, and admitted into the Union in 1816 with and area of 36,350 squares miles, which are contained in its 94 counties. The following will show how her numerical strength has developed and how the colored people have increased within her borders:White Free Col'dSlavesTotal 1790..1800..181023,89030223724,429 1820145,758 1,230190147,178 1830339,399 3,6203403,022 1840678,698 7,165685,863 1850977,154 11,262988,416 1860....1339,000 11,428 1350,428 1870... 1039,094 38,998 1078,092 1890... 2146,736 45,668 2192,404

Illinois contains 56,660 squares miles of territory. The first settlement was by the French at Kaskaskia, in 1682. It was a part of the Northwest Territory in 1787, was organized as a separate territory in 1809, and admitted as a State of the Union in 1818. The following will give an idea of its growth since it was dedicated to freedom:FreeCol'd SlavesWhites Total 1790..1800..1810..613 16811,501 12,282 1820..457 91753,788 55,162 1830..1,647747155,061157,455 1840..3,598331472,254476,183 1850..5,436841,037846,473 1860..7,6281704,3231711,951 1870.28,7622511,0962539,858 1880.46,2483032,1743078,422 1890.57,8793768,5723826,451

Wisconsin was first settled by the French at Green Bay, in 1669, was a part of the Northwest Territory in 1787, organized as a territory in 1836, and was admitted as a state in 1847. The following will show the numerical growth and strength:White Persons Col'd PersonsTotal 1840..30,749 18530,934 1850.304,753 635305,388 1860.774,7101,171775,881 18701051,3512,113 1053,464 18801309,6622,724 1312,386 18901680,8736,407 1687,880

The first settlement within the State of Michigan was at Sault St. Marie, in the year 1668. It was a part 001514of the Northwest Territory until it was organized as a territory in 1805. It was admitted as a state in 1837, with an area of 58,915 square miles of land. It consists of 79 counties and has had the following enumerations of its population: 1790..1800..Free Col'd SlavesWhitesTotal 1810..120 24 4,618 4762 1820..1748,591 8,765 1820..261 32 31,38631,679 1840..707212,560213,267 18502,583395,071397,654 18606,799742,314749,113 1870....11,849 1,167,2821,179,131 1880....14,986 1,614,0781,629,064 1890....16,807 1,680,4731,697,280Population of the States composing the Northwest Territory from 1810 to 1890.YearYear Year YearYear 18101820 1830 18401850 III,...12282 55162157445476183851470 YearYear Year Year18601870 1880 18901711951253989130778713826351YearYear Year YearYear 18101820 1830 18401850 Ind,...24520 147178343031685866988416 YearYear Year Year18601870 1880 18901350428168063719783012192404YearYear Year YearYear 18101820 1830 18401850 Mich...47628765 31639212267397654 YearYear Year Year18601870 1880 1890749113 118405916369372093889YearYear Year YearYear 18101820 1830 18401850 Ohio...230760 58129593790315194672339511 YearYear Year Year18601870 1880 18902339511266526031980623672316YearYear Year YearYear 18401850 1860 18701880 Wis....30915 30539177588110546701315497 Year18901686880Number of Square Miles in Each of the States Composing the Northwest Territory.Extreme Breadth and LengthGross Area in Miles.In Miles.In Miles. IIIinois,50,650 205380Indiana,36,450 160265Mich, 58,915 310400Ohio, 41,060 230205Wis., 56,040 290300_______________Total, 249,01511951750Population of White and Colored in the Northwest Territory,--1890.WhiteColored Total Illinois, 3,768,47257,879 3,826,351 Indiana, 2,146,73645,668 2,192,404 Ohio,3,584,80587,511 3,672,316 Mich.,2,092,88421,005 2,113,889 Wis.,1,680,473 6,407 1,686,880_______________ __________Total,13,273,370218,470 13,491,740In 1810 there were 272,324.In 1890 there were 13,372,840.Increase 13,100,516.Dwellings and Families in the Northwest Territory. Dwelling Av. per. Families Av. per.Dwel.Family.Ohio,720,4175.10785,2914.68Ind.,452,0437.85467,1464.69Ill.,669,8125.71778,0154.92Mich.,434,3704.82455,0044.60Wis.,316,1635.34335,4565.03__________________Dwel. 2,592,805Fam. 2,820,912

001615

Assessed Valuation of Personal and Real Property in the Northwest Territory.Total Amount.Average.Ohio,$1,534,360,508$484.20Ind.,856,838,472 390.83Ill.,809,682,473 211.61Mich.,898,155,532 428.94Ind.,856,838,472 390.83Wis.,577.006,232 342.09_____________ _______Total,....$4,676,103,216$1857.66

The value of the property in the Northwest Territory in 1890 was the magnificent sum of $4,676,103,216. The lowest average per person was in Illinois, where it was $211.61 for every man, woman and child.Total Amount Expended for Education in the Northwest Territory. Amount.Ohio,$12,473,295Indiana,6,636,756Illinois, 15,635,867Michigan,5,872,950Wisconsin, 5,246,192__________Total amount.... $45,865,060Daily Average Attendance of Pupils in the Northwest Territory. Ohio,597.925Indiana,401.702Illinois,324.623Michigan,271.000Wisconsin,261.000_________1,856.150Teachers and Salaries in the Northwest Territory.Male.Female. Total. Ohio,10,30514,875 25,180 Ind.,7,1307,754 14,884 Ill.,7,05718,350 25,417 Mich.,3,63412,379 16,013 Wis.,2,4409,894 12,334____________ ______Total13,13140,623 53,764Av. sal. of men,$47.37 per month.Total"$1,447,901.42 per month.Av. sal. of women,$40.24 per month.Total"2,243,308.48 per month.____________Grand Total, $3,691,209.90School and Militia Ages in the Northwest Territory--1890.School Ages Militia Ages Illinois,1,323,030852,635Indiana, 785,172455,823Michigan, 703,684462,765Ohio,1,271,031767,975Wisconsin,603,846347,469_________ ________Grand Total,4,686,763 2,88,667Voting Ages, Males 21 Years and Over in the Northwest Territory, 1890.White. Colored.Illinois,1,054,98718,200Indiano, 581,98713,070Michigan, 011,008 6,437Ohio,990,54225,922Wisconsin,459,893 1,829_______________Grand Total,3,697,89961,458The Main Cereal Crops of the Northwest Territory.1897--CORN.Acres BushValueOhio,....2 835 864 92,165,580$23,041,395Mich990.511 31,201,096 8,424,296Ind.3.660,844 109,825,32023,063,317Ill7,167,018 232,928,08548,914,898Wis.1,019,551 33,645,183 8,411,296__________ ______________________Total. 14,673,788 499,765,264$111,855,202

001716

1897--OATS.Acres BushValueOhio,.934,606 29,907,392$ 5,981,478 Mich. 882,325 22,940,450 5,276 304 Ind.1,116,112 33,706,582 6,404,251 Ill,2,899,953 92,798,496 16,703 729 Wis.1,827,215 62,125,310 11,803,809_________ ___________ __________ Total.1,660,211 241,478,230$46,169,5711897-WHEAT.AcresBushValueOhio,....2,251,428 38,049,133$33,483,237 Mich.... 1,519,240 23,700,144 20,619,125 Ind 2,573,477 32,675,201 29,080,929 Ill,.... 1,465,570 11,578,003 10,304 423 Wis,....615 2627,690,775 6,460,251_________ ___________ __________ Total.8,338,977 113,703,256$99,947,965 241,418,230499,765,264___________Grand Total....854,886,750___________The Northwest Territory Furnished the Following Troops in 1861-65.No. of MenNo. for 3ColoredFurnishedyearsOhio,313,190240,514 5,035 Indiana,196,363153,576 1,597 Illinois, 259,092214,133 1,841 Michigan,87,364 80,111 1,387 Wisconsin,9,134 79,260155______________ ______Total,927,326767,594 10,015Total number of colored soldiers in the war from 1861-65,...186,917..The Northwest Territory furnished the following Generals.General Grant,General Sherman,General McPherson,General Garfield,General Logan,General Palmer,General Alger,The Northwest Territory Furnished the Following Congressmen. Ohio, 21Indiana,13Illinois,22Michigan,12Wisconsin,10__Total....78U. S. Senators 10; Total, 88.Church Denominations in the Northwest Territory.CONGREGATIONAL-1899.Churches.MinMembers.Am't Raised.Ohio,25719538,544$351,502Ind.,58384,589 45,098Ill.,36028048,896571,655Mich.,37427232,377269,441Wis.,25218522,085210,196________________________Total, 1,265940146,491$1,427,893

PRESBYTERIAN-1890.Organizations.ChurchesValuationCommunitcantsOhio,820849$ 6,722,875 103,607Ind.,3894124,649,410 77,213Ill.,7527364,640,410 43,351Mich.,2522432,242,236 25,931Wis.,1401501,504,355 14,154___________________ _______Total,23612390$19,259,286 266,259PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.Organizations.Churches.Valuation.Communitcants. Ohio,109106$ 2,103,48717,711Ind. 6561537,600 5,185Ill.,196189 2,343,07520,854Mich.,191177 1,653,65118,166Wis.,133177 1,035,97810,457______ _______________Total,694730$7,673,79172,343

001817

BAPTIST-1898.Ch MinMem ValAmt Con Ohio63655571,980$2,929,821$418,663 49 Ind58337162,6181,523,175208,778 40 Ill1,129881 115,99124,139,153684,334 61 M'ch45638645,6852,183,426292,348 81 Wis22016619,717 970,255165,109 35 ____________________________________________________________ 3,0242,359 314,991$11,745,830$1,768,634 75METHODIST-1898.OrgChVal ProMemMin Ohio2,3402,296 $8,749,970240,650 1,205 Ind1,6181,585 4,243,180162,480767 Ill1,9031,779 7,046,786165,191 1,312 Mich1,085894 3,730,850 86,958734 Wis706623 1,791,900 41,360438 _________________________________________________________ Tot7,6525,592$25,562,686697,599 4,456CATHOLIC CHURCH.Organizations.Churches.Valuation.Communicants. Ohio,586 515$7,395,640336,114 Ind.,311 3033,534,691419,100 Ill,,690 6669,946,819475,474 Mich.,400 3603,671,350222,261 Wis.,650 62s4,873,270249,829__________________________________________________ Total, 26372467 $29,421,770 1,702,778

After examining the material progress and prosperity of the Northwest Territory, and finding such wonderful advancements and multiplication of interests, we could not close without looking at the relation of the Northwest Territory as a standard toward the national government. First, as administrators, presidents of the United States, and members of cabinets and Supreme Judges.

The following list will be an astonishment to most person who have not followed the influence that the Northwest has had upon the policies and administrations of our government. Not only has this section of the country had a material interest in the success of our country, but in time of war there was no section that furnished a larger number of soldiers, and no section furnished so many eminent generals as did the Northwest. The Northwest furnished us with Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Logan, and a number of others equally as honorable and heroic, but I give you the list.The Northwest Territory has Produced the Following Presidents of the United States.1841,W. H. Harrison, Ohio.1861, Abraham Lincoln,Illinois.1869, U.S. Grant, Point Pleasant, O.1877, R. B. Hays, Delaware, Ohio.1881, James A. Garfield, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio.1889, Benj. Harrison, North Bend O.1897, Wm. McKinley, Niles, Ohio.Vice-Presidents.1869, Indiana, Schuyler Colfax.1885, Indiana, Thos. A. Hendricks.1893, Illinois, Aldai Stevenson.Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate1854-57, Indiana, Jesse D. Bright.1867-69, Ohio, Benj. F. Wade.1873-75, Wisconsin, M. H. Carpenter.1875-79, Michigan, Thos. F. Ferry.1879-81, Ohio, A. G. Thurman.1881-83, Illinois, David Davis.1885-87, Ohio, John Sherman.Justices of the Supreme Court.Ohio,1829-61John McLean.Ohio,1861-81Noah H. Swayne.III.,1862-77David Davis.Ohio,1864-73Salmon P. Chase.Ohio,1874-88Morrison R. Waite.Ohio,1881-89Stanley Matthews.Ill.,1888- Melville W. Fuller.Mich.1890- Henry B. Brown. 001918Speaker of the House of Representatives.Ind.,1845-47John W. Davis.Ind.,1863-69Schuyler Colfax.Ind.,1863-76Michael Kerr.Ohio,1881-83John W. Coffer.President Cabinet Officers in the Northwest Territory.Secretaries of State.Mich., 1857Lewis Cass.Ill.,1869Elihu B. Washburn.Ind.,1892. John W. Foster.Ill.,1893, Walter Q. Gresham.Ohio,1897, John Sherman.Ohio,1897, Wm. R. Day.Ohio,1898, John Hay.Secretaries of Treasury.Ohio, 1841,Thomas Ewing.Ohio, 1850,Thomas Corwin.Ohio, 1861,Salmon P. Chase.Ind., 1865,Hugh McCulloch.Ohio, 1877,John Shermam.Ind., 1884,W. Q. Gresham.Ind., 1884,Hugh McCulloch.Ohio, 1891,Charles Foster.Ill., 1897,Lyman J. Gage.Secretaries of War.Ohio, 1831,Lewis Cass.Ohio, 1841,John McLean.Ohio, 1862,Edwin Stanton.Ill., 1867,U.S. Grant. (ad in)Ill., 1869,Lor Thomas. (ad in)Ill., 1869,J.A. Rawlins.Ohio, 1869,W.T. Sherman.Ohio, 1876,Alphonso Taft.Ill., 1881,Robert T. Lincoln.Mich., 1897,Russell A. Alger.Secretaries of Interior.Ohio, 1849,Thomas Ewing.Mich., 1853,Robert McClelland.Ind., 1861,Caleb B. Smith.Ill., 1866,Orville H. Browning.Ohio, 1869,Jacob D. Cox.Ohio, 1870,Columbus Delano.Mich., 1875,Zachariah Chandler.Wis., 1888,W.F. Vilas.Secretaries of Navy.Ind., 1877,Richard W. Thompson.Secretaries of Agriculture.Wis., 1889,Jeremiah M. Rusk.Post Master Generals.Ohio, 1814,Return J. Meigs, Jr.Ohio, 1817,Return J. Meigs, Jr.Ohio, 1823,John McLean.Ohio, 1825,John McLean.Ohio, 1864,Wm. Dennison.Ohio, 1864,Wm. Dennison.Wis., 1866,W. Randall.Ind., 1876,J.N. Tyner.Wis., 1881,T.O. Howe.Ind., 1883,W.Q. Gresham.Wis., 1885,Wm. F. Vilas.Mich., 1888,Don. M. Dickinson.Attorney Generals.Ohio, 1860,Edwin M. Stanton.Ohio, 1866,Henry Stansberry.Ohio, 1876,Alphonso Taft.Ind., 1889,Wm. H.H. Miller.Ohio, 1895,Judson Harmon.

In looking over the achievements of the century, and of the Northwestern Territory, we find that the greatest achievements in the literary world, as well as the commercial world, have been born in the Northwestern Territory. In the moral and religious world, among the organizations of the activities for the betterment of mankind, there is none that occupies a more prominent place than the Uniform Lesson system of the Sunday schools of the world.

That system which enables more 002019than twenty-five million men, women and children to study the same lesson, recite the same outlines and commit the same golden text on one Sunday. This was born in the North-western Territory, as well as its half-brother, the great Chautauqua movement of the world. It is a child of the Rock River Conference, and the Union of the Sunday-schools of the world is the work of that eminent son of the North-western Territory, B.F. Jacobs, Chicago.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union is a legitimate child of the Temperence Crusade, begun at Hillsboro, Ohio. The success of this organization is marvelous. The influence it has exerted among the states-men and scholars is such that to-day the danger signal is hung over the door way of every school-house throughout our land, and the evils of intemperance upon the human system is taught by the authority of our National and State Governments. Thus the North Western Territory has produced through her distinguished daughter, Francis Williard, the greatest moral and religious organization among the women of the world. All honor to the women who have organized forces in the defense of home and native land.

Uncle Tom's Cabin was built in the North Western Territory. It was constructed at Lane's Seminary, at Walnut Hills, Ohio, by Harriett Beecher Stowe. That book had a wonderful sale and a marvellous circulation. It is translated in every language of the world and in hundred of dialects bearing the burden of the slave and pleading for universal liberty.

Another child of the North west was the World's Columbian Exposition, unsurpassed in the century by any exposition on the western or eastern hemisphere, while the Parliament of Religion was conducted by the son of the northwest, who was wise enough to lay the foundation so broad and strong that the children of God of every clime, nation, kindred and tongue could meet on the level and worship the one God,- the universal Father.

The forces of our civilization are marshaling for the grand view of 20th century. It is well for this magnificent city, and the magnificent Northwest, to have this preliminary meeting to examine into the assets of our past and present, so that as we enter the gate of the 20th century, our forces will stand the inspection, will hold the post of honor in the procession of nations; with dignity, power and influence as the country where freedom has built her altar, and where liberty has taken her success-ful stand against oppression, and shall enter the 20th century with banners flying and with the triumphant procession.The A.M.E. Church in the Northwest Territory.The A.M.E. Church was organized in the Northwest Territory as early as 1824. It was organized in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 4th, 1824, by the Rev. Moses Freeman. It was organized in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1821. The first African Methodist Episcopal Conference organized west of the Al- 002120legheny mountains was August, 1830, at Hillsborough Ohio, Bishop Morris Brown presiding. The Rev. Lewis Woodson was its secretary. The church has grown until today following annual conferences are held in the Northwest Territory: Ohio, organized in 1830; Indiana, organized in 1840 at Blue River, by Bishop Morris Brown: Illinois, organized in 1872, by Bishop James A. Shorter; Iowa, organized in-by Bishop M. D. Ward; Michigan organized at Battle Creek, in 1889 by Bishop J. P. Campbell.

The following statistics will show the development of the moral and religious growth of the church among the people for whom it was established:

The Northwest Territory has the following African Methodist Episcopal annual conferences: Ohio, North Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and part of Iowa, with 12 presiding elders 434 itinerant ministers, who received as a salary last year, $97,645.54. They administered to 317 churches, with a valuation of $3,016,317.48. Members and probationers, 28,935, who contributed for all purposes during the year $300,403.90.

In every church there is a Sunday school properly organized studying the lesson systems and contributing for religious purposes according to their ability.

The liberal provision made for the public schools of the Northwest Territory makes it impossible to ascertain the number of children of the race attending school.

The Rev. Lewis Woodson has the first honor of offering the first resolution in an annual conference in behalf of Christian education and Christian temperance. In 1831 he offered a resolution which was adopted by the eastern conferences of the church, and since that time resolutions have continued to be passed, and the Ohio annual conferences lead in the work of education.

In 1843 a resolution was offered in the Ohio annual conference appointing a committee to purchase grounds for a Manual Labor school. The committee reported in 1844, and in 1845 the annual conference purchased a farm on darby Creek, in Franklin County, Ohio, of 160 acres, where they established the Manual Labor School, the first school of the kind organized on the American continent for the education of the race. The school properly was organized in 1847 in Columbus, Ohio, by Rev. John M. Brown. Mrs. Francis Ellen Watkins was the first teacher. Thus began the educational work in the A.M.E. church and the banner work of the moral and religious training of the Negroes of the Northwest Territory. Out of the Manual Labor school at Columbus has grown Wilberforce university and all the departments it now contains.

Wilberforce University was established by the joint work of the A.M.E. and the M.E. churches in 1856. In 1863 Wilberforce was purchased by A.M.E. church and began its independent career in the educational world. It has grown in usefulness, in power and influence, until today 002221the African Methodist Episcopal Church has the magnificent result as seen in the following figures:

The total number of students attending Wilberforce from 1863 to 1876 under the administration of Daniel A. Payne was 1554. The average attendance was 119 54-100.

The total number of students attending Wilberforce from 1876 to 1884 under the administration of B. F. Lee was 1179. The average attendance was 147.

The total number of students attending Wilberforce from 1884 to 1899 under the administration of S. T. Mitchell was 3058. The average attendance was 203.

The grand total attendance is 5788. The average attendance 160 7-9.

Bishop D. A. Payne was president from 1863 to 1876. Total money raised $92,784.92. An average per year of $7,137.30.

Bishop Lee was President from 1876 to 1884. Total receipts, $70,202.80. An average per year of $9,900.35.

Rev. S. T. Mitchell was President from 1884 to 1899. Total receipts, $232,177.05. An average per year of $14,511.06.

Grand total receipts, from 1863 to 1899, $404,164.77. An average for 34 years of $11,226.70 per year.

Total receipts for the Normal and Industrial Department from 1887 to 1899, $174,059.73.

Total receipts for Payne Theological Seminary from 1891 to 99, $27,746.85.

Great grand total from all sources for all the Departments, $596,971.35.

My Fellow Countrymen:--I have been fortunate in discussing the subject of Good Citizenship. It was my privilege in 1895 to discuss the subject in Boston on Good Citizens' Day, a day that will be long remembered by those who participated in the proceedings, or witnessed the baptism of patriotism that fell upon the multitude.

At twelve o' clock midday, July 10, the citizens of Boston, and thousands and ten thousands of strangers marched through the streets,or rode on street cars, all singing the National anthem, "My Country, 'tis of Thee." At one time there were at least fifty thousand people singing the Nation's hymn, and in Boston's Commons they had assembled to hear the words of patriotism and words relating to human liberty, and beneath the shadow of Bunker Hill, and in the presence of the monument dedicated to Crispus Attucks, Coldwell, Mevarick and Gray, men, women and children dedicated themselves anew to the principles of our government and to our institutions. The author of the hymn, "My Country 'tis of Thee," was present and joined in with the multitude in consecrating themselves to Good Citizenship and Christian Citizenship.

Again it was my pleasure to meet you, Father Clarke, in front of the Nation's Capitol in the presence of the Chief Executive of the Nation, and in the presence of the Supreme Judges of our land, with sixty thousand children of all nations and races; and there I joined them in singing, "The Star Spangled Banner, Long 002322May it Wave o'er the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave." Christian Endeavor stands for Good Citizenship.

Again in 1897, you and I met at the Inter-Mountain gathering at Salt Lake City, in the tabernacle of the Latter Day Saints, with twelve thousand American citizens around the altars of patriotism and of religion, and there on the holy Sabbath day, and the Fourth of July, the Sabbath day of religion and the Sabbath of patriotism met, and we consecrated ourselves to our country and its institutions; and then we took up our march, and in San Francisco, on Vanness Avenue, the Good Citizens' Meeting was held, and I remember, sir, when the representatives of Australia and Canada joined hands with us around the common altar of humanity and we dedicated ourselves to the greater citizenship of the common wealth of Christianity.

In 1898, at the Exposition Hall in Nashville, the blue and the gray met together. Gen. O. O. Howard and Gen. J. T. Morgan, of the Union army joined hands with Gen. Evans of the Confederate army, and the blue and the gray met together and shook hands over the bloody chasm; and you will remember the scene that followed when Bishop Fitzgerald, of the Methodist Episcopal church South, arose, and he and I clasped hands beneath the stars and stripes, and the black and the white, and the blue and the gray, met together around the common altars of religion, patriotism and humanity.

And now to-night, sir, I have been called to meet you again in this historic city, at the close of the festival of this magnificent celebration and of the ceremonies that have preceded this gathering, where the children and the citizens and the Chief Executive of the Nation met. It is fitting that you and I should meet. Like Ruth of old, in speaking to Naomi, I can only say: "Entreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God. Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me."