Scientific American. / New Series, Volume 17, Issue 1
1-16
A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURES.
Vol. XVII.---No. 1, ~ $~ per Annum
[NEW SERIES.] NEW YORK, JULY 6, 1867. [IN AD VANCE.]
Improved Portable Photographic Apparatus.
The difficulty experienced by photographers in carrying,
tfor outdoor work, a sufficient number of sensitized plates
,wiThout exposure, has led the inventor to the contrivance of
~the~apparatus represented in the annexed engravings. It
;seellas to combine portability, convenience, and ease of man-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus. A is the
~camera proper, and B the box for carrying the prepared plates,
tire two forming one compact contrivance which may be car-
ried by the cords affixed to each side of the box. In Fig. 2
the apparatus is shown in longitudinal section. C represents
the eye holes, which may becovered or uncovered by the dia
1.
hundred death-dealing bullets a minute. The question is,
where is -the power to come from? It seems to be supposed
to reside somewhere in the crank, the gearing, or the bal-
ance wheel. ~t is the old inexpugnable dream of creating
power out of leverage. If the machinery concentrates mus-
cirlar power so as to enable a man to throw bullets with dead-
ly force, it must more than proportionally diminish the num-
ber thrown. If he can throw twenty bullets a minute by
hand, with one tenth the ve,iocity necessary for fighting, a
machine, wasting not over half the power, might enable him
to throw one bullet a minute with the full force required, but
without aim. A powerful steam engine, though not half as
economical a motor ifor the purpose as gunpowder, might
by the lever. It appears to be a simple device, cheap, effec-
tive, and substantial. The lever can be held by ratchet teeth,
as shown, fixed on the side of the wagon. This device was
patented through the Scientific American Patent Agency,
March 26, 1867, by B. B. Scofield of Woodhull, Ill., who may
be addressed for further particulars.
TRADE IVIARKS....THE LETTER G.
The law of trade marks becomes a subject of increasing
importance, cortesponding with the progress of invention and
manufactures in the country, and is rapidly assuming the
fixed status which it long since attained under older govern-
ments. For, although an invention may be secured by pat-
ents against imitation in its substantial features, deceptive
imitations of its form, appearance, and title or trade mark, are
still possible and doubly injurious, unless prevented by law
To render this protection more direct and certain, the grow-
ing custom of patenting designs and marks is very useful
HOUSTONS PORTABLE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.
--j5hragm, D, turned by the thumb-knob, E. F is the slide for
the lenses. At G, Fig. 3, is the ground glass plate on which
The object is focused. This plate is movable for a purpose
to be stated hereafter. The box or frame, B, on the top of the
camera has on its sides a series of perpendicular grooves for
holdieg the prepared plates, each one of which is secured in
position by a thin strip of metal, like a spring, compressed
against the edge of the plate by the screws, the heads of
which are seen at the side of the holder in Fig. 1. Each one
of these screws holds a plate ready prepared, and the only
limit to the number is the size of the apparatus. Across the
lid of the camera is a slit sufficiently wide to admit the pas-
sage of one of the sensitized plates from the holder to the
camera. When it is desired to bring one of these plates into
position the focusing plate, G, is retired from the snugs or
supports in the camera, enough to allow the prepared plate
to drop between the supports and the ground glass. This is
done by means of a lever, H, which pulls back the spring, I,
Fig. 2, and with it the ground glass plate. When the pres-
sure is removed from the lever, the spring forces the plate, G,
against the sensitive plate and holds it firmly in place until
the image is formed.
In order to bring the prepared plates into position to drop
into the camera, the holder, B, is made to slide upon the lid
of the camera and is held to any point by the spring catches,
J, Fig. 1, which engage with notches in metal strips on the
edges of the lid, which are numbered, as in the engraving, to
correspond with similar numbers on the heads of the screws
in the side of the holder. The catches, J, are disengaged
from the notches by the wedge shaped levers, .K, so that the
plate holder may be moved one notch. When the image has
been fixed on the plate, the plate is returned to its compart-
ment in the holder by simply reversing the apparatus, and re-
tained by setting up the screw.
Practical photographers who practice out-door business as
well as those confined to studio work will at once recognize
the advantages of this combination. Application for a pat-
ent is pending through the Scientific American Patent Agen-
cy by David H. Houston of Cambria, Columbia Co., Wis., who
will furnish any additional information desired.
THE CENTRIFUGAL GUN.
This gun was tried in our late war, failed as a moments
thought would have shown that it must, and is now having its
day over again in Europe, and attracting considerable notice.
proposes by the turning of a crank, to hurl sixty to one
hurl from a fortification, quite a shower of balls at random:
but if directed through gun barrels with accurate aim, it
would be almost impossible to bring sufficient steam power
to bear for any marked effeot. What sort of a cylinder and
piston would it take to project a 1000-lb. ball to a distance of
two miles?
SCOFIELDS WAGON ERAKE.
The operation of backing, even on a level, is annoying
to the driver and laborious to the horses of a team. Not less
discouraging, and perhaps more dangerous, is the holding
back of a wagon, coach, or any other vehicleespecially if
heavily loadedin descending an incline, as a steep hill.
Certainly an efficient and easily operated brake, not unsightly,
and never in the way when not wanted, would seem to be de-
sirable. Such appears to be the contrivance shown in the en-.
graving.
It is simply a sleeve or cylinder on each side of the team,
near either the front or hind wheels, and turning on a shaft
fixed to the body. To this cylinder is attached a properly
shaped shoe formed so as to engage with the wheel, either on
a curve corresponding with the circumference of the wheel,
or on a curve which gives it a cam shape, so that when the
pressure is upon the wheel the resistance of the brake or
shoe shall correspond.
It may be held in position when placed, as well as operated,
and will often save heavy costs in litigation. A fresh illus-
tration of this subject appears in the injunction recently
granted by Judge Daly against a party who had been selling
sewing machines in the form of the letter G, which form is
claimed by the Wilcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company as
a trade mark. The inventor of the first in the series of im-
provements constituting the Wilcox & Gibbs machine (Mr.
James E. A. Gibbs) gave to the machine by accident or de-
sign, the form of his family initial G, under which it has
since become famous. As there was no mechanical utility in
the mere form, it was held that there could be no motive for
imitating it but to profit by the reputation of the Wilcox &
Gibbs machine, to the injury of the companys trade and rep-
utation, and the deception and detriment of purchasers. The
defendant was perpetually enjoined against making or vend-
ing any machine in this form, or in connection with this let-
ter as a symbol or trade mark.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE.
The rip to ParisSomething That [Jravellere Should K
Novel Railway SignalCost of Living, etc.
PARIs June 1, 1867.
It was most exhilarating for us to catch the first glimpse
of France after having experienced so much of the discom-
forts of the sea. Purgatory is defined by some religionists as
a place where souls are refined after death. I think it possi-
ble that some people might derive this advantage from a voy-
age at sea: for my part I can think of no other. I desire to
say a good word of the steamer Pereire of the French line,
and also of Capt. Duchesne; her very skillful commander.
This new line of transportation is rapidly gaining favor and,
unless there are special reasons for visiting England, I should
say that a voyage to Europe, making the first landing at
Brest, would be generally the most comfortable; but I have
such vivid recollections of the horrors of the sea that just
now I feel inclined to advise Americans to stay at their com-
fortable homes. We made the passage in about nine and a
half days, and on the morning of the 14th of May we entered
the harbor of Brest, and were speedily transferred by a little
steam tender, to the custom house, there to undergo the in-
quisitorial rummaging of trunks, satchels, etc. The distance
from Brest to Paris is I think about 450 miles, and the run is
made in 16 hours, in very comfortable cars, over an excellent
railway, and through a country of much rural beautyold
Brittany, full of legends, and superstitions, and rude remains.
It was a charming sight to look upon the flowers in full
bloom, and the crops of grain and grass which seemed to be
2
rapidly preparing for the harvest; but the old rusty, thatched
cottages of the peasantry, Indicate anything but those
comforts such as cluster in and about the homes of our Amer-
ican farmers. The presence of the French Government is
immediately felt, the moment the foot touches the soil. At
every station, even at the most insignificant ones, stands the
policeman with cocked hat, epaulettes, and sword, a lazy lout,
whose services seem as unnecessary as such a character would
be at one of our country churches on Sunday.
Be it said to the credit of French railway management,
that we made the whole distance without losing a minute at
any of the stations, and reached Paris exactly on time. I
suppose that no railways in the world are better built or
generally better managed. Some of the French railways have
recendy introduced a very novel system of signalling to the con-
ductor of the train when his services are especially needed. At
first sight the contrivance resembThs a small tilangular looking.
glass, but upon closer examination a small ring is visible be-
hind the plain glass. I give the translation of the instruc-
tions which passengers are expected to observe, as follows
Should any extraordinary occasion require the presence of the
guard, passengers are requested to break the glass with the
elbow, draw down the ring, agitate the arm through the
right hand window, according to the direction of the train.
Any passenger having called without reasonable cause will
be liable to prosecution. Anything less than a murderous
assault, I suppose would be visited by legal penalties. The
idea of stopping a train of cars in this way strikes an Amer-
ican as very ridiculous. It will not do here to expose the
bell cord where any one can pull it at pleasure; a Frenchman
cant be trusted in that way. The absence of fuel and tim-
ber in the country distressed me. It is really a source of
great weakness to the nation, the coal coming chiefly from
Belgium.
I suppose that few of the readers of the 5~ruNrrFrO AMEx-
lOAN care for details of European travol. This whole business
of telling what one sees abroad has been so thoroughly over-
done in books, pamphlets, and newspapers, that I shall for-
bear many such details; but inasmuch as this is an exceptional
year, when so many of our countrymen are coming here for the
first time, I propose tojot down a few items of information which
may he useful to a few inexperienced travelers. It is not now
necessary to have a passport to land in France, but if a visit is
contemplated to Austria and the Papal States a passport should
be procured from the Department of State. A passport is handy
in foreign countries, as with it and in case of trouble a call for as-
sistance can be made upon the consular agents of the Gov-
ernment. On the voyage it is always well to be provided
with good fruit, and poor clothes. The French government
exercises no unpleasant surveillance over persons who land
upon its shores, but the government is sensitive about the
introduction of tobacco. It holds this trade as a monopoly,
which now yields annually over $80,000,000 to the treasury.
Americans cannot be blamed, if they love the noxious weed,
for bringing their cigars with them, but they will save them-
selves a good deal of trouble by at once declaring what they
have. Such a course will probably save all further examina-
tion of baggage. Another thing: travelers should be very
cautious not to offer money to the Custom House officer.
The French people are always eager to get money, yet in this
particular service the officer well knows that it would be ex-
tremely hazardous for him to accept a gratuity. If a duty is
paid on tobacco, a receipt should be taken, as upon reaching
the barriers of the city of Paris, the presentation of this re-
ceipt will usually prevent another examination. The city of
Paris collects an octroi or entrance duty upon wine, wood,
fruit, beer, verjuice, oil, cider, sausages, and all other articles
consumed by the people. These sources of municipal reve-
nue yield nearly $20,000,000 annually. Americans will feel
extremely awkward in France without a tolerable knowledge
of the spoken language. One may soon pick up enough
French to order a cup of coffee or a beefsteak, but this does
not serve the sight seeker, who will be naturally curious to
know something more of the numerous objects of interest
than can be gained from guide books. These guide books
necessarily glide flippantly over many objects that possess a
deep historic interest, and which cannot be discovered by the
optical sense.
Unlike New York and other American cities, the visitor de-
pends mainly upon the public carriages to be transported
from place to place. The city rail car has not yet been li-
censed to monopolize and destroy the beauty and comfort of
the streets of Paris. There are now over 10,000 of these pub-
lic carriages in constant use, and 10,000 more would now find
employment. A French cabman knows nothing at all of our
language and does not care to know. It is for his interest
usually to pick up strangers who are mainly ignorant of
what they really want, and therefore most easily gulled. To
take a cab by the course is an easy thing, but one must learn
by experience that every stop, if ordered but for a moment,
doubles the faremakes another course. If by the hour, the
traveller is at once overcome by the melancholy sensation
that he is journeying toward a burial ground. A tolerable
knowledge of the language and a few saws usually operate to
hurry up the driver, but if one must needs sit dumb like a
piece of statuary, the whole thing becomes extremely oppres-
sive. An American may swear and scold as much as he
please, it will fall upon the cabmans ear like music.
American ladies should not leave home without providing
themselves with a good outfit. The stories about cheap
clothing and ready-made trappings for ladies are dreams of
the fancy, at this time especially, and are kept in circulation
for the purpose of filching the pocket. Whenever it is
knownand the fact gets current in some way very quickly
that an American lady lands in Paris not clothed, an army of
milliners, dressmakers, chemisier~, shoemakers, dealers in
laces, shawls, night caps, shoes, shoe blacking, etc., beseige
her lodgings and bring to bear all the refined artsof preva-
rication and polite swindling. The trial is excessively annoy-
ing and my experience is that it does not pay.
The prices of every necessary article are very high in Par-
is, the city is thronged with strangers, and Americans who
come here expecting in some way to live cheaper than at
home will be disappointed. For instance, the price of the
rooms at the Hotel du Louvre, where I am now staying, were
to day advanced twenty-five per cent. I understand that it is
very general throughout the city. I have now one room that
accommodates me very well, for which I pay $7.50 per
day, all meals extra. A good beefsteak 50 cents, cup of choc-
olate 45 cents, coffee the same, which includes bread, a sperm
candle 20 cents, a plate of asparagus SO cents, and besides, al-
most every man and woman you meet expects you to give
them something extra; for genteel begging is done here to
perfection.
The above are first class prices, but will generally serve as
a guide to those who expect to eat something besides horse-
meat, thin vegetable soup, boiled sorrel, or bread and coffee.
A common one-horse carriage, drawn by an unconimon horse,
can now be obtained for $8 per day, besides an extra dollar
to pay coachmans drink money ; total abstinence people
take notice. I will however drop this subject, as I remember
the old saying that no one ever learns anything from the
experience of other people.
There is a wonderful stir in the streets to day and all Paris
Is alive with interest. Squads of policemen are moving about
the streets, mounted guards are hurrying to their posts, along
the line of the principal streets the flags of various national-
ities are floating from the windows. It is quite noticeable
that the flag of the United States is very prominent. As I
now write the EmperQr of Russia is landing in Paris and the
Emperor Napoleon with his retinue has gone to the station
to meet his illustrious visitor. I must drop my pen, as in a
few minutes the cortege will pass, and I wish to get a look
at the Czar who has been so good a friend to our country.
S. H. W.
~
Special correspondence of tlie Scientiflc American.
TRIAL OF AGRICULTURAL XACHINERY---BUCCESS OF
- AMERICAN INVENTIONS.
Pxais, May 24, 1867.
The jury on agricultural machinery, seem determined to
to award their prizes on some more definite information as to
the merits of the various implements exhibited, than is to be
obtained by a merely superficial examination of them as they
lie in the annexes. F or this purpose they have arranged to
have a series of competitive trials on the Emperors farm at
St. Cloud, and the results of thesewill be the basis of their
awards. The first of these trials, which took place yesterday,
was between the horse mowing machines. Quite a large
number of gentlemen and some ladies were on the ground,
and had the day been more agreeable, it would have been a
very enjoyable excursion. The ground chosen for the opera-
tions of the machines, was a large, tolerably level field, grown
over with a much larger proportion of weeds than grass; in
addition to which, the recent heavy rains had made the soil
into a paste of about the proper consistency for brick making,
and as the grass was full of high, clayey ant hills, it was
quite apparent that it was the intention of those who selected
the field, that the capabilities of the machines for rough work
should be fully put to the test. About fifteen or sixteen ma-
chinesof different manufacturers, French, English, and Amer-
ican, were on the ground. The field had been divided by
previously mowing straight and parallel swarths into the
same number of exactly equal patches, containing about two
acres each. No difference in the character of the ground
could be distinguished, and I heard no complaints of unfair-
ness in the triaL At a given signal, the first half of the ma-
chines began their work. Among these were W. A. Woods,
Hoosic Falls, N. Y., Howards, (English), and some French
and other machines. The unfavorable nature of the ground
was soon apparent, as some of the machines were obliged to
stop ~o clear their gearing before they had gone fifty yards,
while none completed the first swarth without having to
stop. Howard, who has already taken the grand medal for
agricultural machinery, having by far the finest collection of
tools in the Exhibition, although an~ Englishman, has
made himself very popular with Americans by a very candid
report, which he had the manliness to make before the Farm-
ers Club on his ieturn last fall from a tour in the States,
where, unllke many, he was able to see evidences of peculiar
genius among our people. The machinery which he had on
trial was of an American pattern, (Marshs), the patent for
which he had purchased, but improved by him, - and called
the Howard mower. It was drawn by a magnificent team of
horsesa pair always seen at trials where Mr. Howard is a
competitor, and the majority probably expected that he would
carry the day, Howards and Woods machines, both nearly
completed the first swarth before they were obliged to stop,
but Wood got under way again much more quickly than
Howard, and had cut his return swath before Howard had
finished his first. One of the French machines, even at this
early stage, withdrew from the contest, having been unable
to cut half of its first swarth. It was immediately apparent
that the competition among the number now in operation,
would be between Wood and Howard, and the odds were
already much in favor of Wood. As the mowing progressed,
these indications were confirmed, and before any other ma-
chine was half through, Wood had cut down all his patch
the time occupied having been ninety-four minutes. Like all
the other machines, this one was obliged to make numerous
stops to free itself from dirt and clogging; but these were
not so frequent nor as long as those of its neighbors~
After the jury had had time to examine the working of the
first set of machines, but before these had completed their
work, the second set were put in motion. Among these were
a one~horse American machine, called the Clipper Mower,
which, before the start; elicited a good deal of praise from the
spectatprs. The Perry Mower, also a favorite, on account of
its simple construction; a Seymour & Morgan machine of
French construction, and a McCormick mower, besides other
English and French machines. The difficulties experienced.
by these were quite as great as those of the first set. The
Clipper Mower disappointed its admirers by the bad work
which it did, cutting too high and imperfectly. The Perry
Mower got on pretty well, though it broke off its track clearer
in turning around at one end of the field. The Seymour &
Morgan machine was a combined reaper and mower, and was
the only machine having a reel in front of the cutter. At
first sight, owing to its combining so much in one machine,
it appeared rather complicated in comparison with its com-
petitors, but until near the end of the trial it appeared to be
doing quite as well as any of the others. When it came to
its last swarth, however, it. had great difficulty in making any
progress, and was obliged to stop at every step, and at last had
to relinquish the attempt to finish. The McCormick machine
was the only one of the second set that was able to complete
its patch, and occupied in so doing, 2 hours and 13 minutes:
or 39 minutes longer than Woods machine had taken.
It is stated that a second trial will be given to Howards,
Woods, Perrys and McCormicks maohines, as the former
was finally diabied by breaking off three guards in a clay-
hill, and the Perry was also partially injured by losing its
track clearer. The grass for this next trial will, perhaps, be
of a closer and better quality also.
It will thus be seen that as a whole, the trial was exceed-
ingly severe, and the Americans may take the credit to them-
selves that the only two machines that were able to get
through with their work, were Yankee machines, and the four
which are to have a new trial are also American in design.
Another trial will also be had subsequently, iu which the
dynamometer will be applied to ascertain the amount of tract-
ive force required.
Similar trials, it is understood, are also to be made with
plows and other agricultural implements. If, however, the
competition is extended to steam plo ws, & c., we shall have to
fall out of the ranks, as we have none on exhibiton, and the
French and English will alone compete.
SI4ADE.
Repairs of Rails.
By the kindness of Mr. W. A. Herring, C. E., of the Mis-
sissippi Central Railroad we are furnished with a letter from
the General Superintendent of the Wilmington and Weldon
(N. C.) Railroad detailing his plan for repairing worn-out rails.
It contains information which may be of use in many parts of
the country.
W. A. HERRING, Esq.Dear Sir: Your letter of the 3d of
March, came to hand a f~v days since. You desire to know
.what has been my experience in railroad mending, the pro-
cess, etc. I take pleasure in replying. I consider the rail
mending operations on this road second only to that of re
pairing engines and cars. It is certainly of the greatest im-
portance to all railways located as this is, far from rolling
mills s~nd iron markets. The saving in repairs of track are
very considerable.
The cost of mending or repairing rails we had reduced be-
fore the war to about seven dollars per tun, and by the pro-
cess we reclaim riiils that will wear half as long a time, and
sometimes two thirds as long as new ones. I speak of the
average durability of new and repaired rails. Some of the
repaired rails may not wear more than one or two years be
cause there are other defective places along the rails that af-
terward show themselves; but the average service they will
perform is not less than five years with us and new ones will
not average more than ten years.
I may therefore say that the average durability of mended,
welded, or otherwise repaired rails will last about half as long
as new ones. .The process i~ simple and will suggest itself to
almost any blacksmith. We have an anvil or swage block,
sometimes called a vise block, by means of which the rail is
formed after the welding process is completed. The mending
consists in trimming off all the bruised and laminated parts
of the rail ends, or in the middle when the rail has been
crushed, and then, after fitting a flat piece of iron to the place
that is to be mended, we take a welding heat on both parts
rail and flat barand as they come on to the anvil lay on the
patch and weld it up, all at one heat, and shape and trim the
rail. If the work is properly done, the repaired end outlasts
any part of the rails. We also cut rails and take two pieces,
say ten to twelve feet long, cutting out the defective parts,
and weld them together, thus making a complete and fre-
quently a long rail. Cut the ends to be welded in the shape
of a fishs mouth open, and place them together in the fur
nace, and as the iron reaches a welding heat the ends of the
rails are struck and thus driven together and welded in the
center; when this is sufficiently firm, the rail being connect-
ed, it is drawn on to the anvil, and the lips hammered to-
ge1~her strong and secure, and formed in the swage block. I
have tried the strength of rails thus mended, and have very
seldom found th m defective; never unless the iron is burned
in the process of welding or the welding is imperfectly done.
I believe I am the originator of this operation (welding two
rails together) as I had never seen it done before. We have
found very great economy in the operation. This road could
not have been kept in running order during the late civil
war but for this mending operation; and we then carried the
mending to a much greater number of rails than we would
have done could new rails have been obtained at any reason-
~hTLY 6, 1b~7.]
able price. The cost of furnace and anvil complete is from
$~00 to 150. You need a good blower for your furnaces. We
use a large sized fan blower to drive our founderyseven
smith fires and four rail furnacesand have plenty of blast.
You can easily calculate the saving to your company by
mending rails; the cost is not more than ten or fifteen dol-
lars per tun, say not more than sixty cents for each end
welded up for the labor, with fifteen cents for the iron and coal
consumed in the operation. We use either bituminous,
or anthracite coal, but preferanthracite; the old scrap about
your shops will do for patches. Therefore if you mend both
ends, and it takes seven rails for a tun, you have but $10.50
for fourteen ends, or one tun of rails. But frequently only
one end wants mending, and then again I charge in my es-
timate the cost of hauling the rails to and from the shop.
I will give you any further information in my power on
this subject at any time. I am, very respectfully, yours,
S. L. EREMONT, Chief Eng. and den. Supt.
Type Writing Machine.
A machine by which it is assumed that a man may print his
thoughts twice as fast as he can write them, and with the ad-
vantage of the legibility, compactness and neatness of print,
has lately been exhibited before the London Society of Arts by
the inventor, Mr. Pratt, of Alabama. He draws up his alpha-
bet in a solid square battallion, say seventy characters in
seven rows~ the whole in a solid electrotype plate about five-
eighths-inch square or more according to the size of type de-
sired. He prints a letter by the blow of a minute hammer of
uniform size with all the type bodies, striking.the face of the
letter, with the paper interposed, and a carbonized sheet also
between that and the type. Each letter, as wanted, is moved
into position before the haxtimer by compound levers actuated
by keys like those of a piano. The same touch of the key re-
adjusts the paper to.the new impression (with or without a
space before it, according to the force used), re-adjusts the
type plate so as to present the desired type to the hammer,
and gives the printing blow. Simple arrangements also re-
tract the page at once laterally and vertically to begin a new
line. The type plate and paper are placed vertically, the latter
with its face to the operator, so that the work done is before
his eyes as in writing. The keys actuate two double-acting
levers, one of which raises or lowers the type plate, while the
other moves it laterally. Each key is so applied to the levers
as to adjust the plate at otice sideways and vertically to the
position for bringing a particular character into play. Or, a
better way, one key will do duty for the vertical movement of
each entire horizontal row, another key for the lateral move-
ment of each vertical column; and thus by pressingtwo keys
for each character, seventeen keys will be sufficient to operate
the whole font of seventy characters above supposed. The
case of the instrument is small and compact, the parts are
mostly of wood, and it could be manufactured and sold on a
large scale for about $15 with a handsome profit.
The subject of type writing is one of the interesting aspects
of the near future. Its manifest feasibility and advantage in-
dicate that the laborious and unsatisfactory performance of
the pen must sooner or later become obsolete for general pur-
poses. Printed copy~ will become the rule, not the excep-
tion, for compositors, even on original papers like the Scrisx-
TIFtO AMErflXIM. Legal copying and the writing and delivery
of sermons and lectures, not to speak of letters and editorials,
will undergo a revolution as remarkable as that effected in
books by the invention of printing, and the. weary process of
learning penmanship in schools will be reduced to the acquire-
ment of the art of writing ones own signature and playing on
the literary piano above described, or rather on its improved
successors.
A Great Iron Floating Dock.
An immense iron floating dock for ships of the largest
class is now building in England on a novel plan(patented),
for the service of the Government at the naval station of
Bermuda. It is proposed to tow the enormous mass (350x
123x72 feet) across the Atlantic. It is constructed of a
semi-cylindrical form, like a ship, in six series of longitu-
dinal compartments, viz: two series in the bottom, to be
kept empty, one series on each side, at midhight, as
balance water chambers; and one series on each side, at top,
as load water chambers. The water chambers are kept full,
and the dock thereby sunk, when not in use, and all is thus
ready for the immediate raising of any vessel at a moments
notice, without the use of pumps or machinery. The ves-
sel having been towed into the dock, without closing the
exids, the gates are opened in the upper load chambers pro-
jecting above water (by the weight of which the dock is
sunk) and they are emptied into the sea. The dock and ves-
sel are thus raised sufficiently to permit (the ends being then
closed) the remaining water in the dock to be drawn off into
the air compartments in the bottom, leaving the dock clear
for the workmen. Afterwards, at leisure, the water is
pumped out of the bottom compartments into the load
chambers at the top of the sides, for the next occasion. For
docking small vessels, ~hollow floats or pontoons, fitting the
bottom interior of the dock, are proposed, which will be
emptied as above into the bottom air chambers, and will then
be floated out with their load, making room for other vessels.
By emptying the water chambers on one side only, the dock
can be easily careened for repairs.
The Petroleum Trial.
The first experimental trip of the Pales, June 14th, with
petroleum as fuel, resulted in a total run of 25 nautical miles
in 1 hour and 55 minutes, or a little over 13 knots an hour.
The reported result is almost incredIble, as the Pales is only
an 8-knot steamer, wi~i~ coal. Four b& rrels of oil were con~
3
sumed on the trip, doing the work of eight tuns of coal.
The oil drips into a hot iron retort, where it is converted into
gas and mingled with steam and air in exact proportions to
produce entire combustion and the most intense heat, which
is distributed to the heatingsurface of the boilers with such
effect as to raise steam in 25 minutes, where three hours were
required with coal. Such is the case thus far, as made out by
the friends of the improvement.
We add the following letter from Engineer Alban C. Stimers
relative to this interesting trial and the subject of petroleum
for fuel. It was addressed to the New York Times:
NEw Yonx, Monday, June 17, 1867.
I observe in your editorial remarks in Minor Topics, in
adverting to the Boston petroleum fuel experiments, in this
mornings paper, an inquiry regarding {he original source
of the steam that is taken from the boiler and passed into the
retort that generates the vapors that make the heat that raises
the steam, in the boiler.
Having closely observed the various efforts made during
the past five years. to employ petroleum in lieu of coal for a
steam fuel, I take the liberty to offer the following explanation
in reply to your inquiry.
The introduction of superheated steam into the retort
where the oil is vaporized is not essential to the making a
fire and getting up steam, but it is to burning said vapor
with the completeness of combustion necessary for it to com-
pete with coal as a steam fuel. In burning the vapors of
petroleum it is necessary that every particle of the~vapors
shall come into close contact with a corresponding particle
of atmospheric air; but air and the vapors of the oils appear
to have the same repellant qualities as oil and water, and do
not mix enough to prevent the formation of a thick black
smoke, and the heat developed is comparatively very small.
All who have attempted the use of petroleum for a steam
fuel, appear to have early learned the gacat advantage, of
introducing superheated steam to the vapors. When this
is done, the air mixes readily with the compound, and a
more complete combustion is effected.
Although, as I have already stated, steam could be raised
in a boiler from burning the oil vapor only, yet it is done
much more quickly and pleasantly if a supply of steam can
be had, and I observedthat on Friday last the -fires of the
Pales were assisted with steam from a sister vessel, the Ley-
den, which lay alongside.
The first experiments tried to test the practicability of em-
ploying petroleum for generating steam were by Shaw and
Linton, in Philadelphia. I was member of a Board of Naval
Engineers, ordered by the Department to conduct and report
upon the experiments. They continued during five months,
and our report is dated May 5, 1863.
In that arrangement, the apparatus used was an ordinary
tubular locomotive form of boiler containing fifteen tubes,
two inches in diameter and fifty-six inches in length; a small
steam engine, in connection with it, operating a pump sup-
plying water to the boiler; with an additional boiler of very
small dimensions, placed in a heating apparatus, to provide a
steam jet, previous to firing up with the oil, in the absence
of other meanS for procuring the necessary artificial draft
until steam was raised in the larger boiler.
This would be a good arrangement for Colonel Foote to
employ with his process. The great merit of Colonel Footes
process over all those which have been tried in this country
and in England, consists in his forcing the air, necessary for
the combustion of the oil, directly into the retort where the
latter is vaporized, and as super-heated- steam is introduced
simultaneously, the air bee es ti oughty mixed ~th the ra-
pors before they issue from the burners and the combustion is
consequently perfect when the proper proportions of air and
oil are maintained. This desideratum is never attained in
any other process yet brought to my attention.
When an inventoT comes to me and describes the brilliant
white flame which he produces with his greatly improved
petroleum burner, I know that he cannot compete with an-
thracite coal in economically generating steam. And Colonel
Foote is the only one who has shown me a fire where all that
was visible was the blue hydrogen flame, which every chem-
ist will understand iswith sudh a combustiblethe hottest
attainable fire.
tueaonrru HAr.A French machine In the Exposition exhibits the mann-
acture of a finished felt hat, ready for use, ia fifty minutes. The first
operation consists in blowing out, by means of a fan, about four ounces of
rabbits fur upon a revolving cone or mold 01 copper, pierced with holes,
from which the air is exhausted, causing the fur to adhere to the cone. ti is
then covered with a wet cloth and steeped in a tuh of hot water br a few
minutes, after which it undergoes the processes 01 drying, heating, roiling
binding, and lining with siik, and comes out a perfect hat.
rxrzaasrixe AadnAnoLocsmcAn Drscovxav.Sir Henry Hawlinson has
recently succeeded in uniting and thus completing two separate portions of
an Assyrian record covering 243 years of the empire, one of which is the year
of the computed eclipse of the sun, 763 B. C. This event is distinctly notedin
in the record at a date varying not over 40 years from Archbishop Ushers
chronology. The genuineness and authenticity of the record, the accuracy of
the reading and translation, and the correctness of the chronology c9mputed
from the Hebrew Scriptures, are all established at once, by their coincidence
with a fact,demonstrated bymodern astronomy, Therecord was upon two sep-
arate blocks in the British Museum, the one containing the names and the
other the dates, and not hitherto supposed to have any connection with each
other, we have now hut few chapters In the history of ancient nations writ -
out so authentically and accurately as that of Assyria at this period, from the
time of Benhadad and Ahab nearly to Josiah.
Mmscnzr,Aaexous,The report of one of the British Hallway commissioners,
Sir Bowland Hill, states that the personal injuries on all the railways in the
United Ringdom are fewer than those by ordinary vehicles in Loud on alonO.
Dc Suca, having examined the water of the vase at PompeIi, shows that It
had not remained there, as supposed, for eighteen centuries, but was a de-
posit of filtration from heavy rains.
ll4anoaAr4 skins are now inanuiaetuled of felt,
CacecaceacArm has several furniture factories on the co-operative principle
The cabinetmakers Union, established in 1852, paid in 1866 43,030 of profits
and $13,000 in interest. The Queen city Company was established in 1864 with
a capital of $10,000; the Cincinnati Association started in 1363, has a capital of
$10,130; the Central Association, incorporated in 1866, has $20,600 capital.
Licences AnrarrorAn MILK is an imitation, as close as chemistry can make,
of the natural IonS of the human infant. tt is prepared as follows: Half an
ounce of wheat flour is boiled to a paste in fsve ounces of skimmed milk. To
th is added immediately a mixture of one-half ounce of bruised malt,
one ounce of water, and three brammes of a solution o two parts of
bicarbonate of potassa in eleven parts of water. The whole Os then kept
warm by standing within an envelope of tepid water until it is no longer
pastry, but 03 a creamy consistence, After fifteen or twenty minutes it is
put on the fire for a few seconds only, and then strained through a fine hair
sieve. it should be allowed to stand long enough to deposits some fibrous
matter before ills biven to the child or invalid.
A Cuzzous CHEMIcAL OnszavArcocv.Becquerel, senior, has found that
chemical decomposition and combination take place actively and with pecu-
liar resul , between two solutions connected hy an inappreciable fissure,
or water-tight joint. A tube with such a fissure in its bottom, being filled
with a solution of nitrate of copper, none of the liquid pours mechanically;
but on immersing the bottom of the tube in liquid proto-suiphuret of sodium,
an electrical action takes place, and a double decomposition and recompos-
ition ensues, indicated by the appearance of crystals on both sides of the
fissure, which are not always of the nature required by theory, but are modi-
fied by the capillary action of the surfaces.
Taco Focais generally manufactured with an analogy to the new lead-casqd
tin pipe, by enclosing an ln,ot of lsad between two ingots of tin, and thus
rollir g them. The pure article, according to a writer in the Plsarmocese-
fOcal Journal , has been found to contain 34.62 per cent of lead, and the com
mon,56.03 per cent, ______________
Fcaxs.M. Taborin, one of the oldest French manufacturers of files, has
contributed two sums of 3,000 francs each, toward prizes to be offered by the
Academy of Sciences for a file-cutting or file-forging machine.
Acooriececa Oxvexco Paocxss is reported in the (JleemicaliWews. On iseating
a concentrated solution of chloride of lime, with only a trace of freshly pre-
pared moist peroxide of cobalt, the hypocislorite of lime was co pletely de-
composed into chloride of calcium and oxygen and no chioric acid was
formed. The evolution of oxygen commences about 73Q or 83~ and continues
in a regular stream, with a slight frothing of the liquid. The peroxide made
use of in one experiment may be employed again to decompose a fresh quan-
tity of hypoeblorite of lime.
A brEAst Honsce, oca A Hojisce Loooaaorcvx ?Mr. Stamm, of Milan, has
made a vehicle in which the strength of a horse is re-inforced by that of
steam, while the steam power gains in application the advantabe of the
horses intelligence, so that both work together and are mana,ed as one by
the reins, when the horse moves forward, his traction applies the steam;
when he Is pulled up, his backward action shuts it off, and if rigorously ap-
plied, reverses the engine, which backs as he backs, stops backing as lie stops,
and again starts forward as he starts.
H~sstercoa GivesAn engineer in India, where gate-posts find proverbially
insecure bearings in the deep black soil, suggests a mode of han~ing by
which the strain of the gates weight would be transferred from the top to
the bottom of the post. The shank of the top hinge passes loosely through
the gate post and fastens in an upriht lever behind it, which hinbes to the
bottom of the post beneath the bround, and has its fulcrum against the post
near the ground. The weight of the gate thus pulls on the upper end of the
lever and pushes against its fulcrum near the ground, shortening the leves--
age of the strain by the whole distance between the two hinges of the bate
The whole pressure against use post is exerted close to the ground.
Hvn oececo has been collected fiom meteoric iron by Mr. Graham, to the
amount of nearly two and a half times the volume of thea etal. The iron of
our planet is characterized by a predominance of carbonic oxide in its coia-
tamed gases. Hydrogen having been recognized by means ofthespectrnm as
the principal element of a numerous class of stars, the two evidences point to
the origin 01 the meteorite in a dense atmosphere of hydro~en. Under the
pressure of our atmosphere, it has been found difficult to imprebuate iron
with more than an equal volume 01 hydrogen.
Caczsrcour OiL, prepared on a large scale, in France, from horse chestnuts
by chemical treatment, is very fluid, absorbable by the skin, and has met with
great success as an application for gout and rheumatism. Stearin, syrup of
glucose, alcohol, and starch are also among the incidental products
lAitIcoce SILKA Frenchman has found in the eggs of fishes of the family
of sebacians (the ray), the exterior envelope is a tissue of filaments which are
easily separated and manufactured into silk The exterior also contains a
white albuminous substance which answers the purpose of whites of eggs for
printing on tissues.
AnraracIAn brococe is in greater favor with the French than with any
other people. They are even usiob it in enormous blocks of over 120 loris
weight, in building the new works in the harbor of Brest, called the Port
Napoleon. The material consists of rubble-stone, Portland cement, and
sand The blocks are lowered into position as Inundations in the water, be-
ing constructed with wcoden blocks in the interior, nearthe four corners of
the upper face, into which iron suspension pivots are inserted. Actificial
lithographic stones are also made for presses which require cylindrical stones
of larger size than are easily obtained from nature.
thccosirv or OzocoE.M. Soret has proved the density of ozone to be one
and a half times that of oxygen, by the test of diffusion, the relative velocities
of which correspond to the theoretical calculation on the assumption of the
aboVe proportion; as well as by comparisons of volume, in which it is found
that by converting ozone into oxygen, its volume is increased one half.
NEw AstILIHE Dvcas--Three new and distinct coloring matters have been
reduced from the residue of the manufacture of rosaulhine, to which have
been given the names of mauvanihine, violanihine, and chrysotohindine.
TuE STEEL-FAcED Coaerouacu Asmamon PLATES, made by Charles Cammell
and Co., of Sheffield, bore a notable test at Shne~suryness on the 14th nit. The
plate was of two and a half inches thickness of a special hard steel, welded
with four and a bali inches thickness of iron without backing. The 7-inch
Pahhiser rifled shot, weighing 117 pounds, entered the plate at right angles and
stuck, with its point just throuch at the~ back. Fired obliquely, the slant
broke up. John Brown & Co.s plates of the same construction let lbs shot
clean through.
ScavEn ISOLAYIFG.A cheap and simple procesa recently published con-
sists in first engraving with nitric acid or otherwise the metallic surface to be
Inlaid, with the desired pattern, and then rubbing into the depressions a hit
the moistened nitrite of silver.. When perfectly dry, the metal is heated until
the nitrous acid Is driven off, and the metallic silver fills the hollows in a
spongy mass. This must be rubbed down and compressed well into this en-
graving with a burnisher. The silver thus inlaid adheres Inseparably, and is
of this utmost purity.
WHITEA COLOnED IcoLAYs Aids EceAaI La of almost Indestructible hard-
ness and beautiful polish may be made on wood or metals with oxychioride
of zinc. The oxide of zinc, very pure and dense, is made Into a stiff paste
with water (if pigments are used, they are introduced into the dry oxide in
powder), and introduced into the hollows to be iialaid, where it Is allowed to
dry. It is then carefahly painted over with a strong solution of chloride of
zinc, and the two compounds unite chemically, forming a very hard and
dense substance. Before it sets, it m y be polished with a piece of smooth,
hard wood. if the object is such that the application can be performed very
quickly, the oxide and chloride may be first mixed and Introduced at once.
It han advantage to have all the materials warm.
Tacce new pulley belt for the noger Willie s Flour Mills Is ll4lfeet long and
4 wide, and is made of whole hides cemented together, without I dug, pegs
~or rivets,
[JtJLY 6, 1867.
New 1!Iethod of Propelling Vessels, pivoted by a bolt as is the foot of the outer jaw of the corn-
The ordinary propeller and the paddle wheel have had many mon vise. By this means the outer jaw can be placed at an
rivals to their work as a means of propelling ships. The tur- angle, greater or less as may be desired, to the inner or fixed
bine wlieel and other methods of propulsion by jets of water jaw. In order that the screw may be worked when the jaws are
have been tried with a greater or less degree of success. This in this position, it is made in parts; one end of the screw be-
plan herewith presented, differs materially from most, al- ing formed into a ball and the inner end of the lever knob
though a somewhat similar but crude attempt was made in having a similar ball, both of which are contained in a sleeve
the early days of steam navigation. Instead of a revolving or socket and pinned through it at right angles one to the
propeller there are two blades working by a reciproi~ating mo- other. This makes what is known as a universal joint by
tion at the stern of the ship. In the engraving the propor- which the screw may be operated in any position to hold firm-
tions of the machinery as intended to be employed are not en- ly any object which may be placed between the jaws.
tirely correct, as the design was made from an imperfect When it is desired to use the vise with the jaws parallel, a
model. The principle and its application are however suf- tapering pin connected to the vise is passed through the box
ficiently explained. An upright
shaft at the vessels stern has
two horizontal bearings under
water in which turns a shaft
having at each end a wide pro-
pelling blade. The upright is
hollow and inside is a shaft
which can slide up or down, by
which the horizontal paddle
shaft can be turned one fourth
of a revolution. This is effected
by a connection between the up-
right sliding shaft and an arm
on the horizontal paddle shaft,
and the motion is given by
means of the cam frame, A, and
rocking bar,~B, which is driven
by a crank or eccentric on the
maiu shaft of the engine. Each
end of thiscam frame has a slot
struck on a radius, of which the
pivot of the rocking bar is the
center, so that on those por-
tions of the cam-slot the motion
of the bar does not raise nor
lower the upright sliding shaft
which turns the propeller WAITS RECIPROCATING PROPELLER.
blades. During this period of
rest a motion is given the blades in a horizontal plane de- in which the lower part of the movable jaw turns and through
scribing a segment of a circle. This motion is received from the journal of the jaw, making this portion of the vise as
the crank on the maiu shaft through the medium of the bar, rigid as the ordinary vise.
C, and arm, D. Back of the step on which th~ upright shaft Letters patent were procured May 14, 1807 by Charles P.
turns is seated the lower end of the rudder, which thus works Gibson, Madison, md., through the Scientific American Pat-
between the propeller blades. ent Agency, who will furnish all further particulars desired
The operation of the device is as follows: The blades by interested parties.
are thrown alternately against the water by the crank of
the engine, only one blade acting at a time, the other The Early History of Silk Throwing.
being feathered. The two motions of the blades, both a
portion of a revolution, one in a vertical and the other in a used in
horizontal plane, are produced by very simple mechanism, various
and the result as tested by working models is very satis-
factory.
It was patented through the Scientific American Patent
Agency, Feb. 19, 1867, by Samuel B. Wait of Mariners
Harbor, Staten Island, N. Y. who will answer all inquiries
relative to the invention.
GIBSONS IMPROVED BENCH VISE.
Machinists and other workmen who use the vise in their
business not unfrequently are much annoyed by the difficulty
lii
of properly holding and retaining in the vise jaws wedged
shaped pieces of work or other irregular forms. The jaws of
the ordinary vise are parallel without any device for chang-
ing their relative positions. The invention, shown partly in
section in the engraving, is an attempt to remedy this defect.
It is readily understood both in construction and operation.
The outer jaw instead of being pivoted to the frame of the
vise to swing in only one direction, has its lower end formed
into a journal by which it may be turned in a box, which Is
Previous to the year 1718, the whole of the silk
England was imported thrown, or formed into
threads and twists, from Italy, where it was made by a secret
process. About the year 1715, Sir Thomas Lombe, an Alder-
man of the City of London, dispatched his brother John to
Italy to find out, by. fair means or foul, the secret of the
manufacture. John was furnished with ample means by his
brother Thomas, and by a judicious use of the oil of
palms and the adoption of various disguises, he succeeded
in gaining admission to some silk mills in Piedmont. While
acting the part of a careless observer or of a workman, he
found opportunities of making sketches and even models of
the machinery, together with notes of the process, and of be-
coming a skilled silk throwster. His real character was,
however, ascertained, and he was obliged to fly to avoid as-.
sassination. Two Italian workmen accompanied him; and
with their help, and the assistance of his models and notes,
he commenced to make the machinery. He chose Derby as
the scene of his operations, and having arranged with the
corporation for an island on the river, he erected a mill, pro-
bably with his brothers money, at a cost of 80,000. The
building is still in existence, and is known as the old Silk
Mill. In 1718, a patent was granted to his brother Thomas
for the machinery; and the specification of this patent has
just heen brought to light after having been lost for more
than fifty years.
The evidence before Parliament, on a petition for an ex-
tension, showed that the price of orgauzine had been reduced
by 25 per cent in consequence of the introduction of Lombes
machinery, and also that the English had been enabled to
compete with the Italians in their own country. The pe-
titioner put in a copy of an Italian statute which made it
death to discover anything relating to the making the en-
gines, or working the said orgauzine silk. The patent
was not long prolonged, certain honorat~le members fearing
lest a precedent should be established, but the inventor was
rewarded by a grant of 14,000. Such is the history of pro-
bably the first attempt to obtain the renewal of a patent.
To return, however, to the unfortunate brother. The
Italians were furious at the loss of their monopoly; and a
woman was sent to Derby with orders to gain the two ltalian
workmen in Lombes employ, and to compass the destruction
of their master. According to Hutton a slow poison was ad-
ministered, and Lombe died after two or three years of great
agony, about the year 1724 or 1725.Mechanics Magazine.
HASTY PmrnritG.It does not appear to be commonly un-
derstood, and not even by Webster, that the above title has
any other significance than the readiness with which the sim-
ple dish coarsely called mush is prepared. It has its ori-
gin in the vernacular of England, where the word hasting
is used in the sense of stirring or agitating a liquid mass. As
hasty pudding cannot be made with haste, uuless it is to
be eaten raw, but does require a good deal of hasting or stir-
ring, Vhe latter is probably the meaning of the name.
English vs. American Locomotives.
A practical mechanic of considerable experience in English
shops, now employed in one of the leading locomotive works
of this country furnishes us his observations on the relative
merits of locomotive engines in the two countries. He first
remarks on the greater nicety of the foreign finished work.
Great care for example, is there taken that all double eyes
shall fit exactly, not to be tight but so as to fit well and
work easily. Bolts, such as are used for the eccentric rod,
double eyes, etc., are held in place by. washers fi or ~ thick
with steel taper split pins, behind or running through bolt
and washer, a plan as cheap and much safer he believes, than
the one employed in some of our shops, of having simply a
nut with no check to its com-
ing off. It was formerly the
custom in England, as it still is
in this country, to put steel bush-
es into the holes of finished work,
but the practice is now entirely
discarded there, steel being weld-
ed on instead. In our locomotive
works the connecting rod straps
are too light for the key ways,
a weakness which the English
avoid by raising the strap around
the key way, so that there is the
same amount of metal there ~
elsewhere in the straps.
On the other hand the Amen~.
can locomotives surpass the En-
glish in many particulars. Take
crank pins for example: in En-
gland they are turned taper and
ground into their places very ex-
actly, the holes being heated red,
the pins shrunk in and riveted
at the back; still they frequently
become loose, while in this coun-
try they are turned parallel and
forced in, sometimes not even riv-
eted, yet they seldom fail to
work well. English engines cannot run with such light
finished work as they do here. In regard to the wheels:
Stephensons old engines with outside cylinders, have
wrought iron spokes and cast iron hubs of a massive de-
scription, yet all cast iron wheel bosses are found to split so
badly that it is customary to contract two wrought iron hoops
around them, and as they are, with all these precautions, still
liable to break, solid wrought iron wheels are in consequence
the rule in Englr nd. The use of cast iron wheels is regarded
by our correspondent as a great advantage enjoyed by us,
and for it we are indebted to the superior qualities of our
American iron.
We think our correspondent in error in regard to the use
of split pins and check nuts. These or some equivalent de-
vice are extensively employed in our best, shops. The prac-
tice of raising the metal around the key ana gib slots on
straps is qulte common in this country. Tapering shank
crank pins would hardly recommend themselves to intel-
ligent American mechanics.
HERSEES IMPROVED THILL CLIP FOR VEHICLES.
The intention of this improvement is to furn~ish a ready
means of attaching and detaching the thills or shafts from
vehicles and of holding them in position while in use, with-
out rattling and wear. The clip is of wrought, or cast iron,
forged or cast to fit the axle, A. The front portion of the
clip curves outward, upward, and backward, forming a recess
between its front and the block, B, which is of India rubber
and held in position by a bolt, C. The curved forward por-
tion of the clip is cut away on one side for convenience of at-
taching and detaching as seen in Fig. 2. The thill iron is
furnished at the end with a transverse piece, flattened in its
cross section, seen at, D. When the forward end of the thill
is depressed thetransverse piece may be readily lifted from
the clip, but when the thil is in position, as when attached to
the horse, one edge of the transverse engages with the inside
front of the clip and the other with the elastic rubber, as
4
JULY 6, 1867.]
seen in Fig. 1. This prevents all play and consequent wear,
rendering the motion of the vehicle, so far as the thills are
concerned, quite noiseless. It will be noticed in Fig. 2 that
when the thill is in place one of the edges of the transverse
piece on the end is under the projecting ]ip over the rubber
block, and the thill is thus prevented from being casually or
accidentally lifted from its place. With this device the
thills can be removed from the carriage and a pole substituted
in a moment to adapt the carriage for a span instead of one
horse. By the readiness with which the removal of shafts or
pole can be effected, the carriage takes up less room in a sta-
ble and they may be kept out of danger of breaking by be-
ing stepped upon or driven over.
A patent was issued through the Scientific American Pat-
ent Agency, for this improvement, May 21, 1867, to Thompson
Hersee, Jr., 307 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y., who may be ad-
dressed for further particulars.
c~Ai~flA~ mUi~W1~3~ ~JUU~P~e(L
Insects.
All insects have six legs, unless they have met with acci-
dents. They do not breathe through their mouths, but by
means of a great number of little pipes which run through
them lengthwise, having openings here and there on the
sides of the body where the fresh air is drawn in. These lit-
tle openings are very curiously contrivedin some cases pro-
tected by tiny trap-doors opening on hinges, in others haying
a strong grating over them of very coarse hairs. Hence, an
insect when cut in two, as he does not use his mouth for
breathing, and as his brain is not confined to his head but
runs all through his body, will live for many hours in this
mutilated state. In fact some insects never eat a mouthful
after they are full grown.
Insects have from two to five eyes. Two large eyes called
compound eyes, because they are made up of mnny little eyes
united, like a bundle of six sided spy-glasses tied together,.
large at one end and very small at the other, and looking
under the microscope, like the meshes of a very fine net.
Then there are sometimes three little eyes in addition to the
large ones, placed generally on the top of the head, although
they occasionally vary their position.
All insects are provided with antemna~, which are those lit
tle, many-jointed projections extending from the head near
the eyes somewhatlike reindeers horns. These are probably
used for feeling, smelling, and hearing with, although their
uses have not been definitely settled. They vary much in
appearance.; sometimes resembling Indian clubs, sometimes
fringed like a fir tree, notched like a saw,plumed like a
feather, or armed with teeth like a comb. A few insects have
no wings, others have two, others four, but none have more
than that number.
Insects pass through several stages of existence before
they become fully developed. Most of them are hatched from
eggs; then they pass into the larva state, in which ther are
caterpillar, maggot, or grub, according as they are to become
butterfly or beetle. In course of time they go into pupa, or
mummy state, from which they emerge ready for action as
perfect insects. In some classes these de~tinctions are not so
trongly marked.
On examining a fly with a microscope, you will find six
legs, armed each with two sharp little toes; two big com-
pound eyes covering nearly the whole of the head, and the
three little eyes arranged in a triangle; two transparent
wings strengthened by a net-work of veins, and covered with
fine hairs to protect them from wear and tear; a pair of tiny
winglets, and on each side of the body a little knob which
serves for unknown purposes. On closer examination of his
mouth you will find a proboscis or trunk, like an elephants;
this in nothing but the lower lip lengthened and armed with
three lancets, with which it punctures its food, or exasperates
bald-headed old gentlemen. The end of the lip is flattened
and grooved like the bottom of a meat dish for gravy. He is
provided with a fluid which running down little canals in his
trunk, dissolves soluble substances, so that they are easily
sucked up through the same little canals.
On examining the foot closely under the microscope you
will see that it is armed with two little claws, protected by
fleshy pads, covered with hairs. Each hair is enlarged at the
end, making a little disk, which is kept moist by a fluid con-
tinually exuding. The little claws catch on the rough point
of any surface, and the moment this is done, the little disks
take hold by their edges, while their centers are retracted,
leaving a vacuum, and thus creating an atmospheric pressure
which sustains the insect against the force of gravitation
While one foot is raised, the others retain their hold, and the
rapid movement of the six legs along a ceiling, shows how
swift is the instinctive action of this complex apparatus.
According to Kirby and Spence, the common house fly,
when undisturbed, makes six hundred strokes with its wing
in a second, and when necessary can increase its velocity six-
fold.
There is one fact in the natural history of flies that is gen-
erally very little understood, and \vhat is true of flies, is
equally true with regard to all insects. It is that flies hatched
into the winged state never grow any more, either smaller
or larger. If he is hatched a small fly, small he remains all
the days of his life. His growing and most of his eating,
has been done in~ the larva or maggot state. Then he leads
the life of a glutton, eating with apparent relish all most
loathsome things, reveling in all sorts of impursties, waxing
very fat and aldermanic, as do most large eaters in the~ hu
man tribe. An old. writer well observes, How few of us are
aware that all these creatures now buzzing above our heads
once crawled beneath our feet !Eiver~ide Ztkgarine.
5
RICHARDSONS PATENT LATCH FASTENER.
The subjoined engravings represent an improvement in
mortise stop latches or locks, for which Letters Patent were
issued to F. A. Richardson, of Ponitney, Vt., Oct. 23, 1866.
The hardware trade has long felt the want of a mortise stop
latch, something which should be simple, and at the same
time effectual. More properly speaking it is a patent rose.
When applied to a mortise latch, it renders it a perfect lock;
for no person from the outside can possibly open the door.
It will also be seen to be free from troubles hererofore exist-
ing in previous devices for fastening doors, inasmuch as it
cannot in any case fasten itself, is perfectly simple, costs much
less than the ordinary mortise latch and lock, and is free from
the objections to the same for sleeping apartments.
The following are some of its advantages: 1. Its cost, as
before stated, is much less than ordinary fastenings; 2. Its
simplicity renders it less liable to get out of order; 3. It can-
not be easily picked; 4. There is no key to be lost; 5. It is
easy of. adjustment and an ornament to, a door; 6. It can be
applied to any mortise latch or lock already on doors with
very little expense.
The operation is as follows: Fig. 1 represents the inside of
door and casing, attached to which is a common mortise
knob latch. Figs. 1 and 2, A, is a metal rose or washer of the
usual construction, only made a little deeper in order to re-
ceive the stop, B, Fig. 2, which is made of steel, and fastened
to the rose at one end by a rivet in a manner to allow it to
move freely. The stop is bent slightly toward the rose before
it is riveted on in order to keep it pressed up agaii~st the rose
so that it wiil remain fastened when pushed up in place into
the upper notch. It is also bent up o~ necked at the end, Fig.
2, to prevent its touching the door when moved up or down,
thereby not marring the paint or door. The stop has a recess
or notch in it, as shown in Fig. 2, to receive and hold firmly
from turning the knob shaft. On the necked end of the stop
is a small knob, either porcelain or mineral, to correspond
with the door knob, It is by this small knob that the stop is
worked. The rim of the rose has two notches to hold the stop
in its place when pushed up or down. It will be seen by Fig.
2 that by pushing up on the small knob the knob shaft
is kept from turning.
For other information in regard to this invention, for sped
mens, for agencies, and for supplies, address Richardson &
Holbrook, at Pouliney, Vt., or at 73 Cornhill, Boston, Mass.
Treatment of lYlagnetic Iron Ore.
The smelting of this important ore, which is found in large
quantities in many of the Southern and Western States, has
not been carried on with sufficient energy, on account of the
great expense in labor and fuel connected with the process.
At present it is for these reasons impossible to manufacture
iron in any Qf the Southern and Western States that nre too
far distant from the coal regions. In a recent interview with
Mr. A. Thoma, who for a considerable time was a superin-
tendent of iron works in Russia, Ekermany, and Asia, he de-
scribed a process invented by him by which the iron can be
produced with but little trouble and with a saving of frbm
50 to 75 per cent of labbr and fuel. The invention, if it proves
to fulfill what it promises, will be of the greatest advantage
to all iron manufacturers in the United States, and parties
interested in the business would do well to convince them-
selves of its merits.
The inventor, Mr. A. Thoma, is desirous of finding some-
body to take an interest in the matter, and to aid him in
bringing it into general use. He can be addressed at No. 85
Sixth street, New York City.
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING STONE AND TUNNELING.
While in nearly every branch of industry that man s hand
has found to do, his ingenulty has devised important mechan-
ical aids, no machinery, excepting of the most primitive char-
acter, has ever been employed in the cutting and working of
stone for ornamental or building purposes, and to this cause
alone, rather than its original cost at the quarry, or even the
expense of transporting to market, is due its great value as
a building material. An English exchange describes an in-
vention lately introduced for cutting rock and working up
stone so economically, that it anticipates in time a decided
decline in the fabulous value now attached to brown stone or
marble fronts.
This machinery may be variously applied, as for sawing
blocks and slabs of considerable thickness; for facing the sur-
face of squared-up stone in an ornamental manner; for tun-
neling and undercutting stone, coal or slate in & itu; also, for
the vertical cutting of the living rock almost as readily as a
hay cutter cuts hay out of a stack. The main efficiency of
the machine depends on the peculiar forms of the cutting
tools or movable teeth. These are attached to holders, which
are themselves fixed either in the edges of the blade, an im-
provement on the plan of making the blade serve as a cutting
edge; or are applied to the circumference of cylindirs, when
used for surfacing. In consequence of being movable in their
sockets, these tools are easily replaced as required, without
any reduction in the diameter of the blade, a fault which so
soon renders the circular saw when applied to the cutting of
stone or slate, useless.
In working up stone in the rough, the slate or massive block
is clamped to a table which, moving on friction pulleys, is
fed forward by a self-acting screw, advancing upon the cut-
ting blades at a speed of from three to six inches per minute.
The cutting blades, from one to four in number, are fixed to
collars which traverse at an angle above the table, supported
by uprights and moved by a train of wheels in the usual man-
ner. For cutting window sills, door posts, steps, coping stones
and a host of other building materials out of rough blocks of
slatewhich formerly were thrown away as useless because no
means for working them was knownfour blades of four feet
diameter are employed, and blocks fourteen inches thick,
weighing several tuns, are simultaneously reduced to five
thick slices, and are immediately split into the thickness re-
quired for planing or tooling, as most suitable.
For giving a finished surface to building or other stone of
an ornamental character, where breadth not depth is to be
cut, the axle itself, or a removable cylinder bolted to the
axle, receives the tools which are placed spirally around so
that a divided and regular pressure may come upon the face
of the stone at intervals of. two or three inches. Irluting,
waving or running figures are produced at pleasure by hav-
ing the table carrying the stone traveAn rails or grooves
correspondingly curved. A roughing tool imitates the marks
of a pickax in rustic stonework, with the usually chiseled
work around it. Some patterns of flat tooling by these ma-
chines can be made to imitate chisel work so closely as only
to be distinguishable by the finer finish given by the machine.
For quarrying stone a new principle is claimed to have been
introduced in this machine. The cutting tools, instead of
being placed in a single row around the rim of a thin blade,
are fixed in rows of twos and threes alternately across the
margin of a wheel-like disk, so as to clear away a wider space.
The outer portion of this disk is a ring of cast iron armed on
the outside with tools and carrying an ordinary cog wheel
within; a pinion meshes into that part ef the inner cog whsel
that is continually furthest from the rock. This cogged wheel
has as its axis a broad metal plate of great strength and
forming four-fifths of the diameter of the entire cutter. In a
circular saw with a central axis, the blade can only penetrate
to so much of its semi-diameter as is clear of the axle and
collar. But this arrangement allows the cutter wheel to be
buried in the cut up to the point at which it is held, and prac-
tically a cutter three feet four inches in diameter enters the
rock to the depth of two feet three inches. Parallel cuts hav-
ing been made, the rock between is got out by blasting, or if
there is any cleavage or layering, it may be wedged up from
below.
These machines are extensively used in Wales, and in En-
gland a gigantic one, having two blades of thirteen feet di-
ameter each, has been put up at South Shields, by the Com-
missioners of the Tyne Navigation, for cutting the limestone
of the vicinity for the harbor works, and the success attend-
ing their working so far induces the belief that a really val-
uable acquisition has been made in these machines.
CURRENT RECIPES.
MoDnr~mro CrAY moistened with glycerine, is recommend-
ed for all the qualities of wax except expensiveness and sus-
ceptibility to changes of temperature. The clay must- first
be perfectly dried.
CLEA1~smo CASKS BY Fran, is a cheap, short and effectual
mode much in use in some parts of the world. Rancid pork,
lard and butter casks, may be purified by burning straw or
shavings in them.
DULL BLAcK oir BRAss is obtained by rubbing the surface
first with tripoli and then washing it with a solution of one
part neutral nitrate of tin with two parts chloride of gold.
After ten minutes wipe it off with a wet cloth.
To WASH CALreo WITHOUT FAmNG.Infuse three gills
of salt in four quarts of water; put the calico in while hot,
and leave it till cold, and in this way the colors are rendered
permanent, and will not fade by subsequent washing.
[JULY 6, 1867
vve~en~e.
f/se Editore are not tesponsibit for 5/se opinions erpreseea bit 5/sets cou~
respondents?.
River Embankments---The lilississippi Levees.
Mxssns. Emrons.My attention has been attracted by a re-
cent article in your paper on the subject of levees on the Mis-
sissippi river. You very justly remark, that these are works
of a national character, claiming the aid of the general. gov-
ernment, both on account of their magnitude and the import-
ance of uniformity of plans of construction, and the adoption
of a system of superintendence that will ensure the greatest
care and vigilence in protecting works of such extent, upon
the entire preservation of which, depend interests in which
our whole country is more or less concerned. We are all af-
fected by the rise or fall in the price of cotton and sugarso
we are, by the cost of wheat, beef, and corn, but these latter,
can be produced in nearly every section of our countrysugar
and cotton can only be raised profitably in the genial climate
of the south; hence those fertile regions in some sense may
be regarded as the common inheritance of the nation and es-
pecially demanding its care and protection.
But my principal object in calling your attention again to
this matter, was to make a suggestion in regard to the better
mode of constructing these levees. Having been engaged for
many years in the construction of dams, reservoirs and canal
esubankments, I can speak with confidence in regard to struc-
tures intended to resist the action of water. Mr. ft. W. H.
Bayleys plan, which I have noticed, embraces many good fea-
tures, but upon the whole, it appears to me objectionable.
Jr. B. seems not to have made au estimate of the probable
cost of his plan, and therefore I think his impressions are very
far below the mark. It would certainly be very expensive;
but he justly remarks that security and safety, should be the
measure of economy. I have had much experience with
structures composed largely of timber and plank, exposed to
the weather, and therefore to rapid decay, and I do not think
they are either secure or economical. In myjudgement plans
should be adopted, not too expensive, involving the use of as
little perishable material as possible.
If I had a contract for constructing the levees of the Mis-
sissippi now, and maintaining them for twenty-five, or fifty
ye rs, I Would make embankments ten feet wide on top, with
slopes on both sides, of two feet base to one foot rise, and in
bight five or six feet above the highest floods. Before corn-
inenciug the embankment, for a space of ten feet in width
under the center of the bank, about one foot in depth of the
porous soil should be stripped off and deposited in the slope.
Then a ditch four feet wide and three feet deep, should be cut
in the center extending the whole length of the embankment.
In the center of this ditch, I would set up endwise, close to-
gether, two inch planks of sufficient length to reach one foot
above high water, securing their edges evenly together by
nailin, on battens.~
The embankment ay then be carefully made, keeping the
more open and porous material in the slopes. The plank
thus posited, would effectually stop leaks from muskrats and
crawfish, and being entirely covered up and excluded from
the air, would last very many years. The outer slope should
be protected with stone, where they can be had at reasonable
cost, but generally willows, or any shrub of southern growth,
which roots well, may be used with great advantage.
Terre Haute, md. . W. J. B.
Trades Unions.
MEssRs. Ennous Allow me to .say a few words in your
journal on this subject, for I am confident, that from personal
knowledge, I can show the working of these unions in
a clearer light than mere theorists. The arguments I ad-
vance are supported by indisputable facts. I am an English
mechanic, and belong to no trades protection society, not be-
lieving in them or their principles. But let me add, under
existing circumstances, I do not utterly condemn them, al
though I have had every provocation from them in my native
land. Fortunately trades unions are not yet very numerous
in America, and if employers and workmen are wise they will
never be.
The main obj ect of a trades union is to protect the interests
of the workmen by keeping up their rate of pay, reducing
the hours of labor, and, in short, getting every possible ad-
vantage out of the employers, while forcing them to pay as
much to an inferior as to a good workman. This statement
is proved by referring to the late engineers strike on the
London and Brighton railway, where the dispute was nar-
rowed down to a demand by the men that all engineers of so
many years standing should be paid an equal rate per day.
Now in all cases, the demand for an article determines its
value, and it is as unfair for the artisans to combine to raise
the value of their labor as it would be in the employers to
join to depress wages, or the storekeepers to club together to
raise the price of provisions above their natural value. Be-
sides, such combinations tend, if successful, to limit trade, be-
ause increasin,, the cost of an article decreases its use, as
persons cannot afford to buy it. Trade societies make an-
other great error in opposing piece work, which, I contend, is
the only true way of paying a workman fairly for the amount
of labor he performs. It is simply absurd to pay a man for
the amount of time he spends in the works instead of for the
work he performs, and it is a curious fact that the time sys-
tem only applies to labor performed. If a butcher was to
send in his bill for one hour for delivering a leg of mutton,
he would naturally be laughed at. It is altogether a wrong
idea to pay for time; pay rather for the amount of work de-
livered. Now suppose two workmen enter a shop, and one
getting piece-work earns say double pay; the other does as
much work5 but not doing piece-work, only receives day-pay.
This is unju~t, as it does not give the skillful workman a
chance. The course pursued in many large shops in England
is, in many respects very fair to the skillful workman ; it is
this the bosses go to the best workmen of the establishment
and ask them to tender for the work per piece; the lowest
tender is accepted. When finished, the work is taken to
pieces, examined, and if well done, passed. If not satisfactory
the boss stops part payment, and has to be done over again.
The only evil of this system I found to be this, employers
do not make sufficient allowance for the difference in skill.
It was in an establishment managed in this way that I be-
came acquainted with the beauties of the trades union system,
and personal experience and observation convinced me of the
despotic antipathy they exercised toward the skilled laborer,
and I am fully convinced tliatthe whole system is manifestly
unfairAind so long as it is pursued I can scarcely be surprised
at trades unions resisting piece work. J. H.
Paterson, N. J.
The Ues of Aluminium.
MESSRS. EDITORS :Our knowledge of the highly valuable
properties of the new metal Aluminium will soon lead, I
trust, to its more facile production when its vast superiority
over iron and steel will be fully developed and be made es-
pecially manifest in shipping and heavy artillery.
Its toughness, lightness, and incorrodible qualities emi-
nently fit it, either pure or alloyed with other metals, for na-
val and military purposes. Small arms will bear the highest
charges of powder without injury, and they are scarcely
heavier than wood, and the cuirass of a few ounces in weight
resists a pistol ball at short range. Beds of axles moving at
high velocities for weeks continuously show no evidences of
wear, and sheets of iron when coated with it, like tin, present
a smooth surface in no way affected even by strong acid, and.
which for the sheathing of ships must prove more valuable
than copper, and may perhaps be efficacious in the prevention
of fouling.
When the metal can be produced in quantity by economi-
cal processes (which I have no doubt will ere very long be ac-
complished through the aids of chemistry and electricity), the
largest guns will be turned out, weighing little more than our
six-pounders; indeed, if an interior tubing could now be fixed
of some inches in thickness, our largest guns might be. con-
siderably reduced in size and weight; and since the light
cuirass proves its powers of resisting a ball, a vessel armored
with far less. thickess of metal might prove perfectly pro-
tected, while the weight would scarcely exceed that of teak,
and if its specific gravity is correctly given, three or four
large guns would not weigh more than one of our iron or
steel monsters.
French and English metallurgists speak confidently of its
value for all these purposes and many others, and I am most
sanguine that our inexhaustible stores of aluminious earths
will ere lopg be turned to good account by the company in
course of formation in America. A fine field is open to skill
and energy. Our muffs at the Admiralty will not stir a fin-
ger in such matters, though their noses~ always point west-
ward when subjects of this kind are brought before them.
This I know, and I address myself to you, hoping if you find
my statements correct you will give the subject the aid of
your powerful pen and cast it on the waters for fructification.
TuoiuAs INGLE.
The Villetta, Ensworth, Hauts, England.
Street Pavements.
MESSRS. EDITORS :Your important suggestions to theoret-
ical inventors of street pavements are particularly valuable
to future aspirants in that line, for we need and must have a
good and comparatively inexpensive and lasting street pave-
ment, and this will bring out an unusual crop of inventors
until the obje3t is obtained.
Although asphaltum compounds have stood the test for
thousands of years without detriment, [see mummies, courts,
etc., in Egypt and other places], and in combination with
sand, gravel, etc., in modern times, as street pavements, docks,
parade ~rounds and walks, with perfect success under the at-
trition of immense traffic for thirty-five years, as in Paris, and
for seventeen years at the Horse Guards in London, without
disintegration; yet in more modern times they have been
failures, such as the blocks in Memphis, Tenn., Regent and
Oxford streets, London, ya;rds of Cincinnati, gas-works, Ohio,
Hue de Paix, France, and yet the projectors of them say the
ingredients and proportions are the same as the oldtsr ones of
France and England. Why do modern asphaltum compounds
disintegrate and crumble? I will give your readers my ex-
periencedearly paid forso that others may profit by my
failures.
In 1847, on my return from France and England (during
my stay I examined the pavements, etc, in Paris and Lon-
don, and brought specimens of them to analyze) I experi-
mented practically by subjecting my compound pets to the
action of a crowded street, for several years; I recorded all
my attempts, very minutelydate, ingredients, variations of
temperature, time under treatment, etc., and after eleven
years of experiments with what appeared success in every in-
stance, up to a certain period, there were ten complete fail-
ures. When the tests were continued for three and four
years they would, previous to that length of time, disinte-
grate; but for several months, some for over two years, bade
fair to be reliable, good, permanent pavements, and nine of
them are, at the end of twelve months, recorded as good. Yet
they. were all failures but the eleventh; and I found out the
cause. It is not in the proportions of asphaltum, sand, etc.,
but it is due to the degree of heat at time of incorporation.
A few blocks marked No. 3, composed precisely the same as
Nos. 1 and ~, were laid down in front of Mark & Co.s ice de
pot, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1857; in 1859 they were taken up,
and placed in the office of the Scientific Artizcen; in 1860 they
were put down at the railroad depot, West Point, Ga., and in
1861 they were as good as when first put down in 1857. The
others, Nos. 1 and 2, placed alongside, made from the same
ingredients and in the same proportions; but without any
regard to degree of heat, crumbled away in 1859. The evi-
dence is conclusive, that all asphaltum pavements must be
carefully managed as regards a certain degree of heat; and
I have no doubt, if I had not been financially ruined by the
war, many of our cities would be now paved with beautiful
noiseless asphaltum pavement, without dust, and in a sani-
tary point of view, pre-eminent on account of its solidity and
entire freedom from cracks and holes,
ALBAEY PACRUAlVI.
Carroilton, Ky.
A Suggestion for itfanagers of Agricultural Fairs.
MESSRS. EDITORS :We are now approaching the season
when cattle fairs, strawberry festivals and other gatherings
of a similar nature are in fashion. It has been the custom in
the award of prizes at these exhibitions to consider with the
greatest favor those farmers who have produced the biggest
frult, or cattle, or other product of the field or pasture. It
seems to me that this system has not been productive of the
best results. The constant tendency of every thing we eat
has been upward for some years past, even before the war had
operated to raise the price of labor and all materials used in
agriculture, and. the system I speak of above has tended to
still further inflate the market. I have to suggest that a
new experiment be tried, of awarding the premiums to him
who produces off a given area the greatest q ntity of frult or
vegetables, the only condition being that the fruit, etc., com-
peting for prizes be all marketable, or good of its kind. I am
not a practical fruit grower, but I have been told that this
big fruitstrawberries, for instanceis only produced by the
sacrifice of many of the smaller blossoms on the plant, and
the consequent destruction of nearly as many berries. Does
not the same rule hold in the cultivation of apples, pears, etc.?
The importance of our having an abundant supply of good
fruit and vegetables cannot be over estimated, though Dr.
Graham finds few followers at the present day. If then,
farmers are urged to compete for prizes to be awarded to the
greatest producers, it is fair to presume that a greater quantity
will be put on the market, and the fruit consequently at a
lower figure; the farmers, I think, would no the the losers in
the long run. The same remarks apply with equal force
to the raising of cattle; for though the breeder may not kill
off his smaller calves to produce one big yoke of oxen yet
these monstrous creatures which one is called nuon at our
annual cattle shows to admire, are oftentimes only raised by
an immense amount of care and expensive labor. Can you
not call the attention of the agricultural world in general,
and that portion of the public press devoted to the interests
of farmers in particular, to this matter, before the directors
of the societies in the different sections of the country have
promulgated their official lists of awards and premiums?
CO~STdU~T HEADER.
Boston, Mass.
Governor Expansion Cut-offs.
MESSRS. EDITORS :Having perused your journal of the
11th of last month, my attention was called to a description
of the Dickinson Combination Governor and Variable Cut-oW
and as I have made the steam engine my practical study for
a number of years, I would ask permission through your
valuable journal to lightly touch this subject so often com-
mented upon.
Having examined the drawings and specifications of the
aipve governor, I am prepared to say that it is very well
adapted for the purpose intended, and is well worthy of the
highest approbation. Leaying the rest for the more compe-
tent to decide, allow me to state the result of a few trials I
have made upon the mode of working steam expansively at
our works in Philadelphia, during the past six or eight
months. They are thus :Placing a chest, as usual, contain-
ing an alternate induction Nightingale valve, having its face
pocketed longitudinally for the transmission of refuse steam,
transversely over the center of the cylinder, and arranging it
with a double trip motion operating the valve, admitting the
steam to the opposite ends of the engine cylinder, in combi-
nation with an independent rocker connected with the eccen-
tric in the usual way. The tripping pieces being under the
control of a governor, or other suitable means of regulation,
whereby the induction of steam is enabled to be effected in a
positive .manner at the commencement of the stroke of the
piston, and the cutting off being thus enabled to be effected
at various points of the stroke. This construction works very
well, but is, in my estimation, not as efficient as the Nightin-
gale arrangement, as in the latter the cylinder is entirely
clear of waste steam in the port.
Another, but more simple mode of obtaining expansion,
but only to a moderate effect, is, by attaching permanently to
the shaft of the valve a rocker, slotted for the reception of a
pin or other suitable means of adjustment, from the extrem-
ity of the eccentric rod, the pin being attached to and under
the control of a governor, the relative position of the balls.
increasing or diminishing the leverage on the valve, thus
forming a ~cut-off at different points of the stroke. But this
mode is not as perfect as the former, as the movement of the
valve is entirely dependent upon the motfon of the cam.
Where there is steady motion required, it may become neces-
sary to make a few trifling adjustments for the prevention of
accidents.
There being so many different minds and notions relative
to the practical method of working expansion, I have thus
6
7
JULY 6, 1867.]
far decided to write this article for the ScIENTIFIC. The dif-
ferences of opinion are vast, some pretending to say, that to
work steam expansively requires ten or fifteen per cent. more
coal than to follow fall stroke. I have tried it, and have
found it to be an advantage, and shall continue to promulgate
the doctrine until I am convinced to the contrary.
Yours, R. S. Th
heading, Pa., June, 1867.
~Jeen~ ~nzevk~n ~td ~@wei~3n ~ttent~.
Under this headi g we shall pul4ish weekly notes of some of the more prom(.
nent home ansI foreign pcste Is.
WASHING MAcmNE.Alexander J3rooks, Waverly, N. Y.This invention
has for its object to furnish an Improved washing machine so constructed
and arranged as to wash the clothes rapidly, thoronghly and conveniently
and without injury to the fabric.
ADJUsTAIsLE PARALLEL VI5E.O. Y. Flora, Madison, mdThis invention
has for its object to furnish an improved vise which can be readily and
quickly adjusted to the size of the object to be held, and which will adjust
itself to the shape of the object to be held whether its sides be parallel or in.
dined.
CLOTHES DEvERReubin Ilamblin, Mishawaka, mdThis invention has
for tts object to furnish an improved apparatus for drying clothes by means
of which a large drying surface may be supplied while occupying a small
amount of space.
LIFE PREsERvERJohn Golding, New York. cityThis invention relates
to a device by whtch matresses can be connected to form doats for the pur.
pose of saving the lives of shipwrecked passengers. The invention consists
in the application and attachment to the ends and sides of matresses of snap
hooks and eyes or loops whereby a number of matresses can be Instanta-
neously connected into one donting structure, upon which a number of
persons can dud temporary supports with a sudicient quantity of provisions
and other necessities.
BELTINGC. J. Fey, Philadelphia, Pa.This inveutton relates to the use
of paper made of manilla, hemp or grass, for the purpose of belting of any
cleerciption for machinery, etc., and also for harnesses and other similar
purposes.
MAcnINE FOR FORMING SPoItES.C. C. Dupue, Wayne, MichThis inven-
tion has for its object to furnish a cheap and durable machine that can be
run with one horse power or by hand, and which will duish a spoke at one
operation.
HiNGEWin. Webb, Waterbury, CoonThIs hinge is especially designed
for coal oil lamps, and is so consts~ucted as to produce a stop or rest for the
chimney holder as it is swung away from the wtck tube.
LANPS.E. D. Norho, Bradford, PaThis invention consists in combining
with lamps, a safety valve of a novel construction through which the gases
formed in the lamp, can escape as fast asgenerated, and thus ali possibility
of an explosion be obviated.
MAcHINE FOR MEASURING AND LAPPING TAPE AND BBAID.Wm. Rhodes
Arnold, Providence, Li. 1.The object of this invention is to measure tape,
braid, binding or other similar goods into exact lengths for the trade, say in
pieces dye yards long, and at the same time form them into sticks by lap-
ping or folding.
CARRIAGESCaleb Condemaun, JIornelisyille, N. Y.This invention
consists in securiqg or suspending the body of the buggy, to the axles by
and through the means of springs applied in a novel manner whereby
many advantages are secured.
COMBINATION OF SPRINGS AND HINGE FOR DOORS AND WINnow BLINDS,
RTC.AlVah Wiswell, New YorkThis Invention consists in a novel and
improVed combination of a spring and hinge, as hereinbefore fully shown
and described, whereby the spring Is rendered subservient in keeping the
door or blind in both an open and a closed state so as to render unnecessary
the use of fastenings for that purpose, and also rendered capable of closing
the door or blind after being partially opened and of being graduated so
as to operate with a greater or less degree of strength as may oe required,
APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AIR TO TINE BoATS.P. F. Schenek, Eliceville,
N. J.The object of this invention is the saving of human life in case of ship
wreck by supplying a life boat or vessel with fresh air for the respiration
of passengers contained in the vessel which is otherwise hermetically sealed,
while at the same time the sea water shall be effectually excluded.
MACHINE FOR DRESSING LEATHERCharles Korn, Wurisborough, N. Y.
This inventiOn consists in the arrangement of a clearer and sharpener by
which each knife, which is secured to an endlese apron, is cleaned~ and.
sharpened, after it has served to shave or whiten the skin of leather. The
said sharpener and cleaner are combined in one sliding block, and are made
self-acting and can be adjusted to knives of different sizes. When a knife has
been cleaned and sharpened, the sliding block returns to position to ope-
rate the nexknife, and so on, the whole device operating automatically.
CUT-OFF CONNEcTION FOR STEAM ENGINEs.T. S. Davis, Jersey City,
N. J.This invention consists in the use of a scroll or inclined plane, actuated
by the governor in combination with a bar or rod or its equivalent, arranged
to operate in connection with the ordinary link or other valve or cut off mo.
tion and in a plane or direction at a right angle or nearly so, to and against
the sat ci scroll or inclined plane whereby the governor. is given the power
or means, requisite to overcome and hold steady the link under alL cir.
eumsts-nces of friction slip of block, etc., as by the connection between the
link and scroll or inclined plane, the thrust of such connection is taken up
on the faces of the said incline or scroll, consequently preventing all vibra.
tion of the balls of the governOr, except what is directly due to an increase
or decrease in the speed of the engine.
LATHE FOR TURNING AND CUTTING SQUARE AND BEADED WORMFreder-
ick Baldwin, BraitlebOrO, VtThis invention consists in thejmployment or
use of rotating cutters in connection with a rotating pattern, a hollow sta-
tionary mandrel, and feeding device, the several parts being made to work
automatically, whereby a machine is obtained capable of being operated
rapidly and at the same time performing its work in the most perfect man-
er,
BsiICN MAcHINE.JOnathanMills, Des Moines City, Iowa.This invention
relates to the construction and to the general arrangements of the parts of a
brick machine whereby many of the objections which have hitherto been
met with in the manufacture of brick, are overcome,
METHOD OF CONDENSING FOUL VAPoRS.Samtiel Davis, New York City-
This improvement relates to the manner in which the steam and vapor gen.
crated in fat boiling and other procesSes of a similar nattire are coodeused
and rendered harmless.
COMPOUND FOR TEMPERING STEEL TooLS.William G, Esser, Milwaukee,
Wis.The object of this invention is to furnib a compound for tempering
stone cutters tools and especially mill picks so that they shall be much
more durable than wuen tempered in the ordinary manner.
WAGON SPRINGJohn G. Ostrom and Garret C. Lancising, Rhinebeck, N.
Y. Patented June 11, 1867.The object of this invention is to provide a
very simple and cheap but a very elastic spring or rather set of springs for
wagons and sleighs, and the inycintion consists in arlanging a series of pairs
of flat wooden springs each pair being laid at right angles across the ,,..
above so that themore sets of springs are applied the greater will be the
elasticity of the whole.
INSULATORFOM TELEGRAPH WIiiMs.Alfred B. Day, Oak Creek, Wis.The
object of this invention is to provide an insulator for telegraph wires with
a dead air chamber by combining a wooden plug, a number of glass lugs and
a wooden disH in such a manner with a cast-Iron shell that only a very small
orhice is left around the pin hook for. the. atmosphere to. enter, and any
moisture entering by that oriScewill, by reason of the lower temperature
of the iron shell condense andsettle thereon leaving the wooden plug and
the glass logs ytry ii~arli i~ a 4ry a~tl gQQ.~Qpdtl~tiLlg state.
MACMIME FOE COATING HATS.J. F. Matbias and D. M. Legat, Paris,
France.Thls invention relates to a machine mr felterlug hats in which the
hats are fitted upon suitable supports arranged upon a revolving shaft, the
material being thrown upon them by means of a fan, the whole being en.
cased In an air-tight box.
CLOTHES BAii.Hosea Willard, Vergennes, Yt.This invention relates to
a new and improved clothes bar for holding clothes for drying and Is anina-
provement on a device for a similar purpose for which Letters Patent were
granted this inventor bearVg date Feb. 18,1862, The original invention has
Its bars applied to the bracket in such a manner that ibty can, when not de-
sired for use, be folded upward only, and the within-described. Invention
consists in applying the bars to the brackets in such a manner that they can
be folded. either upward or downward as desired, and which Is an Improve-
ment from the fact thaBn many instances the bars when folded upward are
very inconvenient to reach and in that case may be folded or turned down-
ward.
AMALGAMATORB. W. Howard. Warwick, II. IThis invention relates to
a new and Improved device for amalgamating gold and silver and It consists
of a revolving or rotating pan placed within a stationary or fixed one the
former havfng Its exterior provided with spiral flanges and the bottom of
the stationary or fixed pan provided with a gutter or trough at its edge
whereby the pulp or crushed quartz is kept in contact and thoroughly incor
porated with the quicksilver and the latter amalgamated with all the
precious metal contained in the former.
EscAPEMENT FOR TIME PIEcEs.Hermann Reinecke, New York City.
This invention relates to mechanism which combines the advantages of the
detached escapement with the lever escapement, the. balance being so ar-
ranged that it receives an imp ulse from the escape wheel while it swings in
oneldireciloIl only,whlle it is perfectly free from the power of the mainspring
during the other half of its motion and the impulse produced by the escape
wheel is transmitted to the balance ~y means of a lever,
NIPPLE SInEWC. H. Wilder and J. M. Wilder, New York City.This
invention consists in the arrangement of a screen in combination with a
nipple shield. in such a manner that by said screen the nipple is prevented
from being drawn out any further than desirable and the usefulness of the
nipple shield is materially improved. The sciwen is made adjdstable so
that its position can be regulated to correspond to nipples of different sizes.
DOUBLE SEAMING MACnINEJohn Eupp, New York Citv.This invention
relates to a machine which serves to attach the bottom to a kettle,~pot or
other vessel of a cylindrical, conical or other desirable form or shape.
Said vessel is placed in a reverse direction on a disk from the center of which
rises an adjustable standard intended to support the circular blank of the
bottom. The blank is held in a concentric positios by the lowest speeds ol
three or more cone rollers and by the action of the successive shoulders of
said cone rollers in combination with suitable hurring rollers the operation
double seaming is accomplished, the disk which supports the body of the
vessel being mounted on a vertical shaft to which a revolving and also a
rising and talling motion can be imparted.
BUTTON FjsTENING.BenjaminMoser and David Yellott, Brooklyn, N.Y.
This Invention relates to an attachment for buttons, studs, etc., whereby
they can be so secured to the clothing as to render it impossible for them to
be lost.
MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS,Frederick Emil Schmidt
iloboken, N. J.This invention relates to a new manner of qoloring feathers
so that the same maybe prepared for the market, and be used on ladies and
childrens wearing apparel and for other ornamental purposes.
BURGLAR ALARMHenry II. Bobbins, Baltimore, Md,Patented June 15,
1867.This invention consists of two spring piston hammers, so arranged as
to be released by the opening door, which touches the trigger and causes
them to explode the caps. The nipple has a projecting point, and the ham.
mer a corresponding depression, to secure explosion. The instrument is at.
tached to the door jamb by penetrating points or by hooks.
COMBINED SEED AND GUANO PLANTER.T11001115 W- White, Milledgeville,
Ga.Patented June 18,1867.This Invention has for its objecithe construction
of an instrument which may be used either as a common plow or for sowing
guano or planting cotton, seed, corn, peas, etc ,and which shall be light, sim-
ple, cheap, and durable.
COMBINED COTTON PLOW, IRON . TURNER PLOW, AND SCRAPER.T. P,
Warren, Norfolk, VaPatented June 18,1867 The object of my invention is
the construction of an instrument which, with slight and easilymade changes,
can be used as a cotton plow, an Iron turner plow, or a scraper, at the pleas,
ure of the~operator-
BOLT TEIMEER.HeUrY Howe, Oneonta, N. Y.This invention relates to an
improvement In bolt trimmers, andeonsisis of two bars of iron or steel, flat-
tened at one end and pivoted together, the lower bar having a hole in its fiat
end to hold the nut while the cam shaped sharply-beveled flat end of the
upper barlis forced over it.
PESSARY.W. G. Grant, Clyde, OhioThis invention consists in making a
pessary hollow, and of such an internal shape as to di about and encase the
neck to the uterus when placed thereon, and of a conical or tapering shape
upon its outside, whereby It can be the more easily inserted or withdrawn
according as may be desired, and,, when worn, rendered the more comfort-
able and agreeable in feeling to the person or wearer.
SpECTACLEsGeorge D. Edmoncison, Watkins, N. Y.Patented June 18
1867,Each lens consists of two pieces of different magnifying powers, and
let in different planes. The line of division between the two is the horizon
tal mid section, the upper portion is of greater focal distance for viewing
more distant objects. The plane of the upper portion is at right angles to
thatof the bows, and at almost the same angle to the axis of the eyes when
adjusted horizontally, the plane of the lower halves Is inclined to the for
mer so as to be about at right angles to the axis of the eyes when declined
in reading, etc.
BEAD5TEAD FAsTENINGJeremy B. Wardwell, Georgetown, B. C.lat-
ented June 18,1867.This invention consists of the dovetail tenon on the end
of the rail, being received within a mortise plate on the post; one side of
the mortise rotates to open or close it upon the tenon.
PRINTERS INM.Moritzruos Weissberger, St. Paul, MInnesotaPatented
June 18, 1867.This invention consists in combining the mineral resin found
in the neighborhood of Petroleum, Ritchie CoEnty, West Virginia, in due
proportions. with the mineral lubricating oil pumped from wells near Par-
kersburz, West Va., and with lampblack, forming several varieties of excel-
lent printers Ink..
BRAMES FOR WAGONs AND OTRER V~HICLEs,George S. Zeigenfess,
Doylestown, Pennsylvan.ia.Thi5 invention relates to an improvement in
brakes for wagons and other vehicles, and consists in an arrangement for
locking the wheels from the top of a load or side or rear of the vehicle,or
from two or more of the said positions upon the vehicle together, as may be
most convenient, independentlY 01 each other.
FURNACES FOR BUMMING PYRITES WITHOUT THE AID OF FURL,John
Hughes, Edgewater, N. Y This invention relates to a new and improved
plan of consiruction Of furnaces or kilns for buruing Iron or other pyrites to
expel the sulphur either for the purpose of utilizing It in the manufacture of
sniphuric acid, or for extracting the metals which may be associated with
the mineral. The pyrites are burnt in my improved furnace without the aid
of fuel to maintain combustion after the fire has been started with coke or
other suitable kindling stuff by the ignition of the sulphur alone.
The charge/or insertion under this head is 50 cents a line.
Planing Mill and sash, Door, and Blind Factory Wsiuted.
Address A. P. Smith, Sterling, Ill.
Jos. Tees,.285 Avenue B, NeW York City, alleges that he has
valuable Improvements In manufacturing gas from coal, and he wisnes to
engage with sgzns cgmpany where his asrylCes may bs apprsciated.
Rolling Mill Manager WantedCompetent persons desiring
a situation will address with references Marshall P. Smith, Baltimore,
Md,
WantedExperienced agents to sell the rights of our Clothes
Drier patented Jan. 22,1887, and illustrated in the ScIENTIFIC AMERICAN
of April 18th. 55 per cent will he given to good agents. Address patentees
Seeman & Catrow.
~n~wei~ t~x p~naent~& .
CORRESPONDENTS who expect to receive answers to their letters must, In
all cases,.siga their names. We lsavs a right to know those who seek us-
formaltonfrosn us; besides, as ,omettmea happens, we may prefer so ad-
dress the correspondent by mail.
& PECIAL NOTEThis column is designed for the general tnlerest and in-
struction of our readers,notfor gsatssiieus replies to qssestions ofapu ely
business or personat nature. We will publish such enquiries, however,
when or as advertisemeit at 50 cents a line, under the head of Bnsi-
ness (ted Personal.
ZR. L., of Pa,The magnetic needle Is often used with suc-
cess in searching for iron ore. lt should be 5 or 6 inches long and be so
suspended that It maybe free to dip. The needle, however, is effected only
by magnetic ores.
C. S., of Mich. With What velocity does steam pass fm-out
the boiler to the cylinder, the pipe being 4 inches in diameter and 15
feet long:? The velocity depends upon the amount of steam used by the
engine. If the engine takes a pipe full in a minute, the velocity isiS feet
per minute; ft a pipe full in lii seconds, It IsSO feet per minute, etc. The
old engineers who propound this question to C. S. are perhaps thereby
poking fan at him.
W. G. ZR., of N. Y.A. copper color is given to small iron
castings by well cleaning them In dilute acid, rinsing in water, and dipping
in weak solution of sulphate of copper, or tumbling In saw dust moistened
with the solution of sulpuate of copper. After the coppering the goods
must be well rinsed in water. The film of copper secured In this way IS
exceedingly thin and will not bear much rubbing.
G. N. T., of N. Y.The device for hanging yard gates so
that they shall close by their gravity is quite common. It may be seen in
almost every large village.
G. C. C., of Md. Will a current of air forced through hot
oil or lard In bulk, reduce the temperature of the oil or lard below that of
the air ? No. Singular question I
M. B., of 0.There is great confusion in the United States
in the matter of weights and measures. Congress In 1860 revised the sub
ject and authorized a system to be followed at the custom houses and
other federal Institutions. Many of the States have adopted the national
standardS. but among the others there is no uniformity, The national
gallon is of the capacity of 280 cubic inches, and this Is the only gallon
which is recognized by the U. S. authorities. Besides this there are In use
at least four other measures of different capacities called gallons. The
adoption of the metric system is the easy way of escaping from the per-
plexities of the present systems.
A. B. N., of Mass.We are not aware that any use is made
in practice, of the decomposition of water by electricity. It is in fact one
of the most expensive methods of obtaining the elements of water.
P. V. ZR., of N. Y.You can~ give india-rubber a coating of
gutta-percisa, by dissolving the gutta-percha In a volatile solvent like hi-
sulphlde of carbon, and applyIng the solution in the manner of a varnish
P. Y., of Wis.Your third communication on The Crank
Motion is received and with the others placed upon file. We consider the
subject has been sufficiently ventilated in these columns and disagree with
you in the opinion that your article would be read by many with interest.
The whole subject was ventilated in our columns at least ten years ago,
andwe do not care to reproduce time after time, proje2ts whIch alter the
lapse often or a dozen years have brought forth no practical results.
W. H. A., of S. C.The glaze of pottery is a glasa which
Is a little more fusible than the ware. The composition of the glase ansi
the manner o~ putting Ii on should vary with the use to which the ware
is to he put. A potter therefore should understand the properties of the
ingredients employed In glazes, and should be able to determine the pro.
portions in which he should use them.
R. M., of Pa.The weight of a bushel of bituminous coal
as established by statute in your state is 80 lbs. avoircitipois; of cannel coal
70 lbs.
W. ZR. S., of Pa.Ordinary or saturated steam will be con-
densed to water by any increase of pressure, or diminution otheat. Super~
heated steam Is ordinary steam which has been further. heated, and main-
tabs its elastic condition under increased pressure In proportion to the
amount 01 over heating.
D. B. T., of 0.Pressure and temperature have practically
no effect on the specific heat of air or water. In solids the increase of speci-
fic heat by Increase of volume or temperature is quite notable, and It is
likely that the same causes will Increase the specific heat of air and water,
built is known that the increase is so small that it can never be accurately
determined by direct experiment.
T. ZR., of N. Y.Ink stains may be removed by applying a
weak solution of oxalic acid. Care. should be taken to wash out also
the excess of acid as it is corroslve to organize matter. . . . The sun.
happens to be nearer to the earth In winter than in summer, and the rea-
son that we feel less 01 his heat in. winter is, that the rays strike the at-
mosphere at a smaller angle and are consequently reflected off mb space
- lt is a commendable practice to heat crucibles very gradually.
Careful operators will get about twice as much service out of crucibles, as
those who put them cold or damp directly into an intense fire.
A. L., of N. Y.Coal tar pitch (the residuum of coal tar dis-
tillation,) is one of the most approved roofing materials. Ills most often
used in combination with felt or paper. A shingle roof is rendered more
durable by painting it with coal, tar. The preservative substance of the
tar is carbolic acid, which being volatile is not retained in the pitch. But
remember that a shingle roof is more combustible when coated with tar,
W. C. G., of Iowa.The heating power of a battery is pro-
portioned to the size of its plates, while the physiological effect is propor.
honed to thenumber of pairs of plates. We would not venture upon ad-
vice as to size, construction, and cost of a battery for heating purposes
without knowing the details of the use, You wish to heat a strip of
platinum. Is the strip exposed to a current of air? Is it to be brought
into contact with any liquid or solid substance?
B. B., of Pa., has a wall which is so damp that paper pasted
on it will peel off, and wishes to know ii silicate of soda will render it wa-
icr proof. An application of silicate no doubt will improve the wall and
especially if It be of limestone, and we advise him to try It. But it cannot
be expected that the process will be as thoroughly effectual as the ordinary
lath and plaster.
W. B., of Wis.In melting zinc care should be taken that it
does not oxldise by overheating or by too much exposure to the air. It is
a good plan to keep the surface of the molten metal covered with fine char-
coal or sawdust. You can improve your injured metal by remelting and
stirring saw dust Into It.
B. A. D, of Wis. People out here claim that a raft of lum-
her will travel laster than the current, and that a raft of logs will go faster
than the lumber. People have strange ideas out there.
G. K. S., of N. Y.Gutta-percha is soluble in beuzole and
turpentine, and shellac in alcohol, but the two solutions do not mix kindly.
A good common solvent of shellac and rubber, or gutta-pereha, is still a
desideratum.
JULY 6~ 186i~
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JULY 6, 1867.J
IYIUNN & COlVIPANY, Editors and Proprietors~
PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT
NO. 37 PARK ROW (PARK BUILDING), NEW YORK.
0. P. MUNK. S. IL WALES. A. E. BEACH.
The American News Company,Agents,121 Nassau street, New York
~ Messrs. SampsonLow, Son & Co., Booksellers, 41 Ludgate HIliLondon
England, are the Agents to receive Enropean subscription or advertisements
for the SCIE4ITIFIO AMERICAN. Orders sent on them will be promptly attend-
ed to.
g~ Messrs. Trnbner & Co., 60 Paternoster Row London. are also Agents
or the ScisatTired ASERICAN.
VOL. XVII., No. 1... .[NEW SERIES.] .... Twenty-first Year.
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1867.
Contents:
(Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk,)
*Improved Portable Photographic Current Recipes 5
Apparatus 1 River Embank-ments 6
The Centrifugal Gun 1 Trades Unions 6
*Scodelds Wagon Brake 1 Uses of Aluminum 6
Trade MarksThe Letter G 1 Street Pavements 6
Editorial Correspondence . 1 A Suggestion for Managers of Agri
Trial of Agricultural Machinery cultural Fairs S
Success OS American Inventions 2 Governor Expansion Cut.otfs 6
Repairs of Rails 2 Recent American and Foreign
Type Writing Machine S Patents I
A Great Iron Floating Bock S Answers to Correspondents 7
The Petroleum Trial 3 *The Albany Railroad Brid~e 8, 9
Editorial Summary II Machinery in Theatrical Represen
*New Method of Propelling Vessels 4 tations
*Gibsons Improved Bench Vise 4 The Steamer Bristol 9
The Early History of Silk Throwing 4 Electrical Anti-Incrustators 9
English vs..American Locomotives 4 How the Pacidc Railway is Built 10
*Hersees Improved Thill Clip for A Philadelphia Newspaper Estab.
Vehicles 4 lishment 10
insects S French Ocean Strainers 10
*Richardsons Patent Latch Fast- Internal Revenue Decision 10
ener 5 Obituary 10
Treatment of Magnetic Iron Ore S Photographic 11
Machinery for Cutting Stone and Sheathing Iron Vessels with Wood. 11
Tunneling 5 Patent Claims 11, 12, 13, 14
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
Those subscribers who wish to preserve the Volume of
the ScIENTIFIC AEERICAN just Closed, can be supplied gratu-
ituously with an illustrated title page and index, to bind with
the sheets, on appliCation at this office either in person or by
mail, or through any dealers who supply the paper.
BINDIEG.Subscribers wishing their volumes of the SCIEN-
TIFIC AMERICAN bound can have them neatly done at this
office. Price $1.50.
MACHINERY IN THEATRICAL REPRESENTATIONS.
The term machinist may by dome of our mechanical
readers be considered as misapplied when used to denote the
builder and manager of the contrivances employed behind
the scenes of a theater. But very much of mechanical skill
is required to produce the effects witnessed by the audience
at any of our first-class theaters. Having visited one of the
popular theaters in this city known for the excellence of its
mechanical effects, we will note some of the appliances em-
ployed. The stage, with its appurtenances and the rooms
connecting, occupies more of the space included within the
walls of the theater than the auditorium. Descending two
full stories below the stage and ascending two above, the
behind the scenes is an immense workshop where me-
chausics in almost every branch ply their several trades.
Without attempting to describe the different departments in
detail, *e will endeavor to give briefly an idea of the strict-
ly mechanical devices by which effects are produced.
The fleor of the stage is made in movable cross sections,
of southern pine plank, of sections varying from ten inches
to three feet in width and ten to fifteen feet in length, trav-
ersing inclined slides secured under the floor. These slides
incline from the center of the stage toward the ends, these
portions of them being depressed enough to allow the thick-
ness of the planks to slide under the floor. The movements
are effected by means of ropes secured to the sections and
wound upon strong winches beneath the stage. The slides
are lubricated with dry, powdered plumbago, without a parti-
cle of oil. When the sections are closed the outer ends are
elevated to the level of the rest of the floor by cam levers
which hold them securely. Through the openings thus
made in the stage the scenes which rise to slow music in the
piece are elevated. One of these, the grand transformation
scene, weighs not less than six tuns with its load of human-
ity. To effect this result immensely strong geared windlasses
are employed, turned by a number of. men who work in per-
fect accord. Guiding bars of two-inch iron and lifting appa-
ratus in which five-inch ropes are used, afford perfect security.
This machinery is all situated two stories below the stage,.
a distance of abour thirty feet, to give room for the hight of
the scenes. Both day and night this subterranean apartment
is lighted by numerous gas jets. . All the machinery is of the
strongest description; in fact strength rather than elegance
has been the rule in its construction. The machines for low-
ering the scenery from above the top of the proscenium are
also located here, iron braces, strong ropes, and heavy timber
being the agencies for the transmission of the power. Two
heavy double force pumps with two-inch hose are also fixed
in this sub-basement, intended either to force water in tor-
rents to any part of the building in ease of fire, or to supply
the water for a cascade in one of the scenes, or to pump it up
from the receiving reservoir to the bight necessary to reach
the waste sewer.
The cascade mentioned above is as real as any in nature,
except that the rocks are made of zinc, soldered water tight
and painted. Other minor cascades are merely rotating cylin-
ders covered, with gause, flecked. with miCa and. having a st ong
light thrown upon them by rows of gasjets. Gas and lime lights
perform no insignificant part in the spectacle. In one scene
the light changes from a cadaverous green to a ghastly blue,
gorgeous red, and brilliant white. This is effected by changing
the lenses of the lime lights, situated in the wings at an ele-
vation of twenty feet from the stage, and aided by cylinders
covering rows of gas lights made of the different colored
gauzes disposed in longitudinal sections.
The work of the property man and carpenter with his
assistants demands also considerable mechanical skill and tal-
ent. For instance, the crystal columns in a ball room
scene are semi-cylindrical and about twenty feet high. They
are built of timber and mounted on trucks, the capitals being
much heavier and larger than the bases, yet the weight is so
distributed that there is no top-heaviness nor danger of over-.
turning in moving. The ornamented capitals are of papier
machd, molded in plaster of Paris, which molds must be fash-
ioned by hand, or rather the patterns from which they are
made. The angles of the uprights of which the shafts of the
columns are built, are so arranged as to reflect {he gas lights
inside the columns to produce a dazzling effect. This re-
quires mechanical skill and a thorough knowledge of optics
and of the effects of light on the surfaces of differing angles.
All the work is of the strongest possible character, to insure
against accident, and every part of the ponderous machinery
is calculated to move with the greatest ease and in perfect
concert with every other part.
~
THE STEAMER BRISTOL.
With the exception of her consort, the Providence, no such
magnificent ship has ever been built for sound or river navi-
gation as the Bristol, of the Narragansett Companys line be-
tween New York and Boston. On the 11th of June she made
her trial trip, and in all respects this, her initial effort, was
an entire success, but it is a cause for regret that the original
significant names of these two vessels, Puritan and Pilgrim,
should have been changed to Bristol and Providence, names of
merely local significance.
The Bristol is a ship of about 3,000 tuns measurement,
built in all respects like a first-class sea-going ship, and yet
combining all the space, elegance, and airiness of the best
sound and river boats. Water-tight compartments, immense
rigidity and strength of hull, iron braced and securely bolted,
strengthened by hog braces, make this ship one of the
staunchest that ever floated. The solidity, beauty, and luxury
of her internal fittings, upholstery, furniture, and arrange-
m~nts are beyond dispute unequaled.
But the machinery is eminently superior. Her single beam
engine of 110 inches diameter and 12 feet stroke, the largest,
with the exception of that of the Providence, ever run on a
ship, is a model of fine workmanship and easy manipulation.
It is furnished with the Sickles cut-off with the latest im-
provements. Her wheels, of wrought iron, are 38 feet, 8 inches
diameter, the buckets of each wheel being in two ~ections,
the buckets of one alternating with those of the other,
and one wheel being placed relatively to the other, so as to
obviate the trembling and jar generally so perceptible and
often so annoying on steamers. The iron rims of the wheels
are knife edged to diminish friction.
The boilers are three in number, and instead of being ar-
ranged upon the guards of the vessel, are placed entirely
below deck, their weight and that of the water they contain
thereby giving stiffness and stability to the vessel in heavy
weather. This also admits of the guards forward of the
paddle wheels being so narrow as to pre~ent little obstruction
to the sea. The boilers are 35 feet long and 12 feet, 6 inches
diameter, fines below arid return tubes above. The furnaces,
four to each boiler, are in two tiers, one above the other, the
flames and heated combustible gases from the two yieeting
in one connection common to both, where the hot gases and
any uncombined air are so thoroughly mixed as to in sure per-
fect combustion. The total amount of grate surface is 510
square feet, and the fire surface 13,850 square feet. This large
grate surface is expected to be adequate to burn the coal by
natural draft alone, without the employment of blowers,
which, by producing intense combustion in a small space, are
very destruetfve to the boilers. Another advantage of the
natural draft is that it ventilates the stoke hole and causes
less suffering to the firemen from heat. The boilers are con-
structed according to a patent obtained by Erastus W. Smith,
A.P.D., the constructing engineer for the line. It is expected
that, by the use of natural draft and of the fresh water from
the condenser, the duration of these boilers will be nearly
double that of boilers using salt water and blowers. The
condenser contains 4,000 square feet of tubular condensing
surface. Thetubes are of brass, without seam, drawn from
solid ingots, by the American Tube Works, of Boston. They
are tinned inside and outside to prevent galvanic action;
and, as they are packed with wood ferruies, according to
Horatio Allens patent, all the difficuities of surface condensa-
tion, so long troublesome, are overcome.
The steam chimneys are located on the two outside boilers
and pass up through all the decks. They are inclosed in a
boiler-iron case, firmly riveted and bolted together. Between
this case and the steam chimney is an air space of 18 inches
the entire hight and circumference, admitting of good venti-
lation. . The case also supplies complete protection to the
passengers in case of leaks to the flues or tubes.
The provisions against danger by leakage and fire are ad-
mirable. If need be, in case of leakage, the whole capacity
of the circulating pump to the condenser can be applied to the
bilge, which wouid discharge two hogsheads at each revolu-
tion of the engine. Three other effective pumps also connect
with the bilge of the vessel. To provide for the extinguish-
ing qf lire there is an independent steam fire pump set apart
9
in a room with a separate boiler, for use when the large boil-
ers are not at work. From this fire pump or engine, branches
off a large copper pipe with branches fore and aft the vessel,
and up through all th~ii state-room saloons on to the hurricane
deck, connecting with numerous smaller branches fitted with
freely-opening water gates and coils. of hose all ready at-
tached for immediate use. In addition there is an arrange-
ment for extinguishing fire .in the hold by steam admitted
through pipes, the key of which is intrusted to the engineer
only.
The hull was built by Win. H. Webb, Esq., under the
supervision of Capt. Jed. Williams, and the boilers and
engine by Messrs. John Roach & Son, of the ~tna Iron
Works, this city. In every respect the description of the
Bristol applies to the Pr dence. Both are marvels of capacity,
strength, power, and elegance. They run between New York
and Bristol, R. I., where they make connection by raila ride
of an hour and a halfto Boston.
On the first trip of the Bristol. to Bristol, R. I., fourteen
miles above Newport, in Narragansett Bay, her time was nine
hours, fourteen minutes from the Battery, a distance of 160
nautical miles. time never but once surpassed on a similar
course. Her subsequent trips have exceeded this time. Mr.
Harrison 0. Briggs, of Boston, Mass., is the general manager
for the company.
ELECTRICAL ANTI-INCRUSTATORS.
We observe that the Railway Times gives prominence in two
Successive numbers to remarks before the Polytechnic Insti-
tute on a new remedy for boiler incrustation, as reported in
this paper. We do not object to seeing our report credited to
another journal, if it is to be construed as countenancing the
slender theory there explained as the basis of another patent
electrical anti-incrusrator. As a company is said to be form-
ing to manufacture apparatus under the patent, and quite
possibly may get as much commercial success at the expense
of boiler owners as the iot much more meritorious contriv-
ances already in the field have met with, a word on the fal-
lacy involved may be opportune for some of our readers.
The inventor bases his expedient on the existence of a posi-
tive electrical state in the suspended salts carried up into the
steam space. It need not be denied that the low Conductivity
of steam favors a sustained slight disturbance of electrical
equilibrium during its rapid disengagement. But it is need-
less, too, to point out that uninsuiated bodies in connection,
like the. boiler and its contents, whatever they may be, cannot
sustain an active electrical state of any practical consequence.
The most they couid do ir~ the circumstances would be to
supply an indication through a delicate galvanometer. The
proposal, therefore, to collect this trivial amount of electric
force upon metallic points and convey it to the boiler iron so
as to obtain a discharge between the iron and the salts which
was not attained before by the free contact of the two, is re-
finedly visionary. The Doctor shouid nevbr say a word
against homceopathy. As for deposits enveloped within so
good a conductor as water, the notion .of employing their
electrical activity has not even a theoretical basis.
THE ALBANY RAILROAD BRIDGE.
Our engraving represents this structure as it appeared in
March, 1866, which was shortly after its completion. Some
years have elapsed since the first inauguration of the enter-
priSe, which delay was occasioned by litigation on the part of
Troy and other interests upon the river above Albany, but
finally all obstacles were overcome, and the work on this bridge
was commenced in April, 1864. The first locomotive the
Augustus Schell, of the Hudson River Railroad, crossed the
bridge Feb. 15, 1866, and the first passenger train on Feb. 22.
The bridge proper (omitting the approaches, which in them
selves are quite formidable) consists of two abutments and
nineteen piers, making a total length of 2,020 feet. The ex-
treme length of the bridge is nearly a mile. The main chan-
nel of the river is crossed by four spans of 178 feet between
the cenrers of the piers, on the plan known as Howes and
and two draw spaces of 131k feet each. The remaining 14
spans over the shallow water on the east side, as also over the
basin on the Albany side, are short spans ranging from 75 to
78 feet each, built on the same general plan. The trestle.
work approach to the bridge in the city is about 1,500 feet
long.
Our view represents the bridge from the Albany Basin to
the eastern shore, at seen from the large New York Central
Railroad Elevator, which stands a few rods south of the
bridge.
The drawbridge, including the iron turn-table upon which
it rests, is entirely novel, planned specially for the locality,
and the circumstances under which it has been built and will
be operated. The piers and abutments are all founded on
piles. In some cases the bed of the river was excavated to a
depth of ten or twelve feet, and within this space piles were
driven to the hard bottom, sometimes as low as thirty-three
feet. A heavy timber crib was then built around these piles
of the dimensions of the proposed pier, resting on the bot-
tom of the excavation, and reaching to within three feet below
water mark. This crib was then filled with concrete and
floored with heavy timber, upon which the first stones of tin
masonry were laid. In other cases, after excavating as before.
and driving the piles, the latter were sawed off, and a floating
caisson, with a heavy timber floor, of the dimensions of the
proposed pier, was anchored over the piles, and the mason-
ry commenced in this caisson, which soon settled to its bear-
ing on the heads of the piles, when the sides were removed
by unscrewing some bolts, and floated away to serve else-
where.
The ~iere are of cut limestone masonry, with rough faces,
(JULY 6,1867~
and are thirty feet in light above low water, and have a
width at the bottom of nine feet, and at the, top under the
coping (which proj ects nine inches on all sides) of six and one
half feet. They are all built of heavy cut stone laid In ce-
ment.
The face stones are all clamped together by iron clamps,
and, in addition, the two faces of the pier are tied together
by iron bars at intervals on each course along, the front, ex-
tending through the pier from side to side; and still further
to insure the strength of the masonry, the head stones are
all dowled together with iron dowelseach stone to the
stones both above an4 below.
The bridge has been constructed by The Albany Bridge
Company, constituted mainly of directors in the different
railroads centering at Albany, and it is understood that it is
owned one-half. by the New York Central Railroad, and one
quarter each by the Hudson River and Albany and Boston
l~oads. The total cost of the bridge has been over a million
of dollars.
HOW ~fHE ~ACIF1C ILAILWAY IS BUILT,
From an able correspondent of the Cincinnati aarette. who
accompanied the senatorial party, we learn the modu8 oper-
andi of the construction of the great trans-continental road,
which is steadily progressing at the rate of two miles per
day.
There is really little known by the people of the char-
acter of the enterprise. Most think that a cQmpany of capi
talists are hastily putting down a rude track, over which
cars can be moved with care, for the purpose of securing
lands and money from the government. The fact is, that
one of the most complete roads of which the country can
boast, with equipments that surpass many, is being laid with
a speed that fails to impress the nation, simply because it is
not believed. i3ut let the facts tell their plain yet wonder-
ful story.
E~eneral J. S. and D. C. Casement, of Ohio, grade the
road, lay the track, and put up the telegraph. The graders
go first. There are two thousand of them. Their. advance
is near the Beach Hills. They protect themselves and are
digging the great fortification which makes the future sure
for us, on through Indian battle fields while the daily fight
goes on. Their work is done to Juleslurg.
Of tie.oetters and wood choppers there are one thousand
five hundred. Their axes are resounding in the Black Hills,
over Laramie Plains, and in the passes of the Rocky Moun-
tains. They have one hundred thousand ties in these hills
awaiting safeguards for trains ~o haul them.
A mile in advance of the track layers are the squads which
place the tiers. There are three of these. First, however,
the engineers set their leveling stakes at distances of one
hundred feet on the straight lines and fifty feet on curves.
At each of these points sawed ties are placed and leveled by
them. Then come two men ith a measuring rod, marking
off spaces equal to the length of a rail, and also the half of
this space. These sawed ties are laid by the second squad,
to give firm support to the ends and middle of each rail.
These are placed by sighting along the guide ties already
laid. The third squad then place th~ intermediate ties, and
the bed is then ready for the iron.
Now go back twenty miles on the road and look at the
immense construction trains loaded with ties, and rails, and
all things needed for the work. It is like the grand reserve
of an army. Six miles back are other trains of like charac-
ter. These are the second line. Next, near the terminus,
and following it hour by hour, are the boarding cars and a
construction train, which answer to the actual battle line.
The one is the camp; the other is the ammunition used in
the fight.
The boarding cars are each eighty feet long. Some are
fitted with berths; two are dining halls; one is a kitchen,
storeroom and office. Under the whole those men who pre-
fer fresh air have swung hammocks. Rifles are hung over-
head, plentiful in number, loaded, and convenient. The party
protects itself without attention from the government. The
track-laying gang numbers 400. On the 850 miles already
built there are 1,000 track repairers constantly improving the
road bed.
The boarding cars go in advance. They are pushed to
t he extremity 9f the track; a construction train then runs
up, unloads its material and starts back to bring another from
the second line. The boarding train is then run back till it
has cleared the unloaded material.
Three trucks, each drawn by two horses, ply between the
track layers and their supplies. The horses run outside the
track, pulling with a long tow line, as boats are moved on
canals. They must be out of the way of the workmen. One
of these trucks takes on a load of rails, about forty, with the
and chairs
proper proportion of spikes . , making a load, when
the horses are started off on a full gallop for the track layers.
On each side of these trucks are rollers to facilitate running
off the iron. On reaching the end of the last rail the truck
is stopped. A single horse is attached to move it over each
successive rail. Meantime, the truck last emptied has been
turned on its side to allow the loaded one to go to the front.
The two horses released are started back on a keen gallop
for another supply. The third one moves up in like manner,
and thus through all the day they are rushing forward with
their iron load. To see them, and reflect what their rush
and roaring means, is as exciting as it ever was to watch a
battery thunder into position at a needed moment, at the
vital point in its line.
The rails within reach, parties of five men stand on
either side. One in the rear throws a rail upon the rollers,
three ii~ advance ~eize it, and inn ont with it to the pro~ei
distance. The chairs have, meantime, been set under the
last rails placed. The two men in the rear with a single
swing, force the end of the rail into the chair, and the chief
of the squad calls out down, In a tone that equals the for-
ward to an army. Every thirty seconds there came that
brave down, down, on either side of the track. They were
the pendulum beats of a mighty era; they marked the time
of the march and its regulation step.
One of the rear men drove the cars, in addition to handing
the rail. The horses started as each rail fell into his place,
the truck rolled on to the en I of It; a second rail was pro-
jected into the wilderness, wth the same precision and haste;
then came the magic down, the car moved on again, and
another length was accomplisbed.
~ Two spikers followed each rail, one party a little In ad.
vance of the other. One rail was fastened at the end and at
the middle. The second party then drew the opposite rail to
the exact gage, and fastened it at the middle and the end.
Then came other squads of spikers, moving along with the
precision of military drill, each having a particular spike to
drive, and no one interfering with another. Track liners fol-
lowed these, and with their crowbars rectified the line. The
fillers came last. One party of these filled and packed the
spaces at the ends and middle of the rails; the other com-
pleted the Intermediate intervals, and the job was left till the
squads of track repairers should come up and finish the bal-
lasting. But as the fillers leave it, full trains can run over it
with safety at twenty miles an hour.
These are the dry details. Let the reader picture the
scene. The rush of the loaded truck; the successive dropping
of the rails in place; the rattle of the spikers hammer,
sounding like a hotly contested skirmish; the roar of the
distant supply trains moving up; the resounding of the fre-
quent signals, near at hand; the universal bustle; the rumble,
and grumble, and roar of the wonderful advence. Let the
ele m ents of savage warfare and the actual presence of hostile
SLux along the bluffs be woven into the picsure, and together
i~ forms one that the world has not seen before, and which the
tories of magic can scarcely equal.
Nor is any of this energy wasted. If it is asked: How
does the work get on? again let the facts answer. On the
9th of May, 1866, but forty miles of road were completed. In
a hundred and eighty-two working days thereafter two hund-
red and forty-five additional miles were laid and put in prime
condition, every rail, and tie, and spike having been brought
up from the rear. Seven saw mills furnish the ties and lum-
ber. All bridges are framed, the pieces numbered, and set up
where wanted without the least delay. T~ie bridge at Loup
Fork is fifteen hundred Let long, and as fine a Howe truss as
can be found in the land. While our train was running the
sixty miles from North Platte, over a mile of track had been
put down and one train passed over it. From one oclock till
four in the afternoon a mile and two hundred feet were added
to this while the party were looking on. The progress was
astonishing, and the more so because the ground was wet and
the soil stiff and hard with alkali.
Unless driven off by Indians, which does not now seem
probable, the road will touch the base of the Rocky Mountains
the coming autumn. The California end has already reached
a point about a hundred miles east, and is descending the
eastern slope of the Sierra Nevadas into the valley of the
Humboldt. It is confidently expected that Salt Lake will be
reached next year, and that 1870 will see the whole line com-
pleted. While the nation has scarcely heard of what was
being done, the work has been near one-third accomplished.
A PHILADELIUIA ~TI~WS2APER ESTABLISHI.2ENT.
The new and splendid building of the Public Ledger news-
paper, at Philadelphia, was inaugurated on the 20th inst., and
the proprietor made it the occasion of a remarkable festive
gathering of remarkable people. Many oi~ the prominent
newspaper personages from all parts of the country were
present and after inspecting the new establishment the com-
pany adjourned to the spacious dining rooms of the Conti-
nental Hotel, where a magnificent repast was provided, and
many fine speeches were made.
The new Ledger building is one of the largest printing
houses in the Union, very beautiful in architecture, located
on the corner of Sixth and Chestnut streets. Every portion
of the establishmentis complete with regard to light, heat-
ing, ventilation, and other comforts. The office and editorial
rooms are furnished splendidly. The composing room is on
the upper floor, which, by aid of a Mansard roof, has a hight
of twenty-one feet. The main entrance is ornamented by a
sculptured coat-of-arms of Pennsylvania, and over the door-
way at the corner of the streets, is a pedestal sustaining a
statue of Franklin, in whose right hand is a lightning rod,
which at night will emit gas jets. At the base of the pedes-
tal is- a public drinking fountain. The press room has a
hight of over twenty-three feet, contains the Harrison boil-
ers, and is to be filled with Hoes great presses, folding ma-
chines, etc. There is not a more complete newspaper estab-
lishment in the world.
The Public Ledger belongs to the class of cheap or popular
daily newspapers. It has been in existence for more than a
quarter of a century, and until the breaking out of the war
was always sold at one cent per copy. But taxation has de-
prived the people of the luxury of penny newspapers, and now
the Ledger readers pay two cents.
The Ledger is one of the best daily newspapers in the
country, and wields an immense influence for good, in Phila-
delphia and vicinity. Everybody reads it, trusts it, and fol-
lows its counsels. Any thing published in the Ledger is re-
garded by all Philadelphians as authentic. The Ledger has
a daily circulation of 70,000 copics, an irnnaen~e weekly edi
tion, and probably more than half a million readers. The
Ledger was established by Swain, Abell & Simmons. After
the death of the last named, a few years ago, Mr. George W.
Childs became the proprietor, under whose auspices the estab-
lishment continues to prosper. Mr. Childs is a young man
of ability and popularity. His success in life has been well
earned, and he understands the responsibilities which re~t
upon him as the owner of a great newspaper.
One of the peculiaritIes of the Public Ledger, is an entire
absence from its columns of self laudation, puffery, clap-trap,
and braggadocio. Its news and its discussions of public
questions, have always been characterized by truthfulness,
and an apparent desire to disseminate correct information.
If it did not agree with its cotemporaries, it never called them
knaves and scoundrels, by way of argument; but stated its
views dispassionately, and thus acquired universal esteem
and respect.
The editorial management of the Ledger has always been
remarkably excellent, and we think that to this fact the suc-
cess of the paper is in a great measure due.
The editor-in-chief is Mr. Win. V. MeKean, a gentleman
of rare qualities for this responsible position. In person he
is rather under the medium stature, of compact organization,
nervous temperament, large brain, quick perception, fine
taste, well balanced mind, safe, cautious, prudent, a ready
writer, an accute observer, thoroughly posted upon all sub-
jects, and full of strong, practical common sense. He is in-
deed a model editor.
Long may the national banners wave from the proud tur-
rets of the Ledger building, betokening prosperity to those
within her walls and public confidence in their honorable
labors.
FRENCh OCEAN STEAXERS.
We learn from the report of. the French Trans-atlantic
steam navigation company, presented to its shareholders at
their annual meeting held in Paris on the 13th nil., some in-
teresting facts in regard to the speed of vessels belonging to
this company. Tables drawn up by the post office authori-
ties show that ~in eleven complete trips from Brest to New
York and return, made by the Ville de P s and the Pereire
between March 1866, and February 1867, in an interval of
about twelve months, comprising both the summer and win-
ter seasons, the average speed was 125 knots instead of the
11.5 knots required by the terms of the contract. This speed,
says the report, we believe has not been equalled even in
England; it exceeds by two-tenths of a knot, the average
runs of the celebrated tia, as stated in official documents.
One of the quickest passages on record since the commence-
ment of steam navigation between Europe and America,
was made by the Ville de Pari8 between the 21st and 30th
of July 1866, the average speed of that steamer having been
13.60 knots in a run of 3,000 nautical miles, from port to
port. The propeller St. Laurent, in one of her passages
made 12.10 knots, running 350 nautical miles in twenty-four
hours for four consecutive days. The last passage of the
Pereire, between Havre and this port, was made in nine days
and four hours from dock to dock.
In comparing the relative advantages of screw and side
wheel steamers, the report asserts the use of the screw pro
cures for vessels of equal funnage, a saving of about twenty-
five per cent in fuel, with an increase of twenty per cent in
speed. The results appear to the directors so satisfactory
that two steamers the Waslaingt and Lafayetie, of ex-
cellent nautical qualities, but too slow for present ~require-
ments are to be fitted with double screws, which recent suc-
cessful trials in England and in the French imperial navy
prove, possess theadvantage of being more easily and more
economically adapted than the single screw to vessels already
built. The saving of fuel and increase of space reserved for
passengers and freight, it is claimed will more than balance
the cost of tranisfornr~tion.
Internal Revenue Decision.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,
OFFICE OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
WAsHINGTON, June 14,1867.
Sm: In your letter of the 13th inst. you inquire whether a
manufacturer of patented articles is bound to return the full
price at which they are sold, including the patent fee, or
whether he should be allowed to deduct said fee.
In reply I have to say that whenever a patent enters into
the combination of an article or machine, giving additional
value to the same, and enhancing its cost or price to the pur-
chaser, such patent becomes an element of value,, and cannot
be separated any more than any other element of value. The
actual sales price, including royalty, must be ieturned for
taxation. Yours, respectfully,
E. A. ROLLINs, Comnudssioner.
OBITUARY.
HON. ISAAC NEWTON, Commissioner of Agriculture, died at
Washington, June 19th, at the age of sixty-seven, having
been born in March, 1800. He was appointed in 1861 Chief
Clerk in the Bureau of Agriculture, and in 1862 to the poel-
tion made vacant by his death. The duties of the office he
held were not such as permitted the exhibition of brilliancy
of talent, but demanded industry, application, and much pa-
tient care, qualities which Mr. Newton undeniably possessed.
He was a gentleman highly esteemed by those who knew him
for his courtesy, affability, and purity of character.
THE Modern Carpenter and Builder, noticed in our last
issue, is published by Howard Challen, No. 1,308 Chestnut
~txeet, Philadelphia.
10
u~e~~zc~ ;
Jut~ f3, 1867.]
Photographic.
Mr. Valentine Blanchard has made known a very simple
and excellent plan for keeping wet plates in a sensitive con-
dition for a considerable time, after removal from the bath.
The plan is to add a few grains of a salt of brominecadmi-
urn or ammoniumto the collodion. An old collodion works
best. We have tried it with success, adding two grains of
bromide of ammonium to the ounce of collodion. Lu some
instances our plates remained three hours in the shield before
exposure, and developedwithout surface stains. The ration-
ale of this method is explained as follows by the Photographic
The value of a bromide In securing immunity from stains,
comets, and other markings has long been known; but its
mode of operation in doing this has not been well under-
stood. Its action in permitting long keeping, however, is
easily explained. The process of double decomposition, in
which the bromide salts employed in the collodion are
changed into bromide of silver, is much slower, as is well
known, than is the conversion of iodides; and when a simply
bromized collodion is employed, theimmersion in the nitrate
bath needs to be very much prolonged, in order to convert
the whole of the bromide in the collodion into bromide of
silver. In effecting his purpose Mr. Blanchard just pursues
the opposite course. Employing a very highly bromized col-
lodion, he gives the plate the shortest possible immersion in
the nitrate bath, keeping it in motion from the first, to get
rid rapidly of the greasy, streaky appearance of the plate.
The solution running evenly over the film, without streaks
or oily-looking lines, which is generally regarded as the in-
dication of sufficient immersion, is, in reality, no test of the
conversion of the salts in the collodion film into salts of silver;
it merely indicates that the alcohol and ether in the film have
become thoroughly mixed with the aqueous solution, and
that the mutual repulsion has ceased. Under ordinary cir-
cumstaaces, however, by the time this is thoroughly effected,
the mutual decomposition of the iodides originally in the col-
lodion and the nitrate of silver, and the formation of iodide
of silver and a nitrate of potash, or other base is also complete.
With bromides, as we have said, this operation is not so rap-
idly completed; if therefore, a collodion film containing a
large portion of bromide be immersed and kept in motion so
as rapidly to get rid of greasiness, and then removed after a
very brief immersion, the film will contain a large portion of
the bromidesay, of cadmium or ammoniumwhich remains
undecomposed, and is not converted into bromide of silver. In
this fact lies the safety of the plate for long exposures. The
free nitrate of silverwhich would otherwise be crystallizing
on the surface of the film, or, by the concentration of the so-
lution caused by evaporation, acquiring a readier tendency to
abnormal reductionnow perfoi~ms a different office: being
in contact with the unconverted bromide of cadmium or am-
monium, it is decomposed by it, and aids in the formation of
bromide of silver intheflim. Instead of being made stronger
by evaporation of water, the free nitrate is made weaker by
the loss of the silver which combines with the bromine,
whilst the nitric acid, combining with the base which leaves
the bromine, produces an innocuous, or possibly in some cases
a hygroscopic, and therefore beneficial salt. It will thus be
readily seen how the use of a large portion of bromide and a
very short immersion of the plate in the nitrate bath tend to
prevent the stains of crystallization or of reduction~consequent
on long exposure in warm weather. The mode in which the
effect in question is secured in the case described may possibly
suggest an explanation of the general action of bromides as
aids ~o clean negatives. It is probable in most cases where a
freely bromized collodion is employed, and the plate kept in
the nitrate bath the usual two or three minutes, that some
portion of unconverted bromide remains in the film, and that
the formation of bromide or silver goes on after the plate
leaves the bath, the bromide of silver being formed at the ex-
pense of the free nitrate on the film, which is thus much
weakened. As the use of a weak solution of nitrate silver, at
times secured by re-dipping the plate in a weak bath, is known
to be conductive to cleanliness, the weakening of the free ni-
trate by the formation of bromide of silver may also be a
source of the cleanliness well known as an accompaniment of
the use of bromides.
The amount of bromide in collodion for very long expo-
sures may vary from two grains to two and a-half. Any sol-
uble bromide may, we presume, be used without impropriety.
Sheathing Iron Ve~se1s with Wood.
A correspondent gives us an account of a method of re-
pairing an iron steamer running between New York City and
South Amboy, which, in fifteen years~ service had become
very much corroded externally, although her frame was
sound. She was taken out of the water and planked with
three-inch yellow pine from the keel to the guard braces, the
planks being bolted with five-eighth bolts every linear foot,
with large square washers on the inside of the hull; an oak
keel was also added and the work was done within five weeks.
She is 270 feet long and 30 feet beam, and required over 9000
bolts. She is now believed to be good for at least another fif-
teen years work. Parties specially interested in the object
are advised to investigate the matter. It is very important if
as feasible as our correspondent believes it to be.
SoMrrrHING NEw IN THE MooN.At a late session of the
French Academy of Sciences, M. Delaunay read a paper, by
M. Flammarion, on the subject of a recent change in the
moons surface. A crater well defined and perfectly well
known to astronomers has disappeared within a year, and its
place is now marked by a large white spot in the middle of a
plain. It is the first time that any change in the moons sur-
face has been noticed. M. Ohacomar made a like observation.
OFFICIAL REPORT OF
1ATHIYS AID 0LAIES
I Issued by the United States Patent Office)
FOIl THE WEEK ENDING JuNE 18, 1867.
Reported OOtctatty for the ScientIfic American
PATENTS ABE GRANTED FOR SEVENTEEN YEARS, the following
being a schedule of feeS:
On filing each caveat $10
On filing each application for a Patent, except for a design $10
On issuing each original Patent $20
On appeal to commissioner of Patente ~20
On application for Beissne liii
On application for Extension of Patent ~5i
On granting the Extension $50
On filing a Disclaimer $10
On filing application for Design (three and a half years) $10
On filing application for Design (seven years) $15
On filing application for Design (fourteen years) $00
In addition to which there are some small revenue~stamP taxes. Residents
of Canada and Nova Scotia pay $500 on application.
3~, Pamphlets containing the Patent Laws and full particulars of the mode
of applying for Letters Patent, specifying size of me del required, and much
other information useful to inventors maybe had gratis by addressing MIJJJN
& Co., Publishers of the ScrEatrarac XMInucsae. New Yorit.
65,785.-.-4ThPE,Williarn Adamson, Philadelphia, Pa.
I claim a glue consisting of size aerated, or treated with gas, substantially
in the manner described.
65,756.PRocEss 013 MANUFACTURING AERATED GLUE.
William Adamson, Philadelphia, Pa.
I claim the mode or process substantially as herein described of aerating
carbonating size for converting the same into glue.
65,787. MANUFACTURE OF GLUE. William Adamson,
Philadelphia Pa
I claim the comblnatlon substantially as described of glue or size with
carbonate of soda for the purpose specified.
65,788.CAR TRUCKC. F. Allen, Aurora, Ill.
1st, 1 claIm an eight wheel truck which Is composed of two Independent
four wheel trucks connected together by means of a platform, A, which is
supported upon, and connected by pivots to laterally swinging spring beams,
arranged suestantlally as describe~.
Od, In an eight wheel trucn, I claim the combination of the laterally swing
ingand vertically elastic beams, D D and K, with the side springs, f f, and
equalizing beams, D D, so arranged that the weight of the load upon the
center of the platform, A will be uniformly disposed upon all the axles of the
trucks,.substantially as described.
3d, The connecting platform, A, constructed of wood and metal provided
with a swinging beam, K, and strengthened by means of trusses or braces,
J I, substantIally as decribed.
4th, in combina on with the bars. b, b, bracas, a c, pedestals, a a, steps.
a a, and saddles e2 el, I claim lbs transverse beams, c C, metal boxes, e e,
pIllow blocks, d ~, fulcra straps, g, and the equalizing beams, D D ,with their
springs.aud connecting loops all arranged and operating substantially as and
fot the purposes described.
65,789.-FLOUR BoLT.Elkanah Bateman, Frederick City, Md.
I claim the buckets, n, arranged and operating in combination with the
bolting cylinder and fan, substantially as herein set forth.
65,790.CAR SPRmct.Julien F. Belleville, Paris, France.
I claim the spring composed of trunco-conical disks having the form and
proportions herein specified, arranged in pairs, united by means of a rod
passine through the center of the said disks as shown and set forth.
65,791.FAucET.Marshall Burneet, Boston, Mass.
I claim a faucet having the cylinder, C, valve, F, cone, H, and cam lever,
I J, all constructed and arranged substantially as shown and described.
65,792.FLOAT OR RAFTAndrew Carson, Memphis, Teun.
let, t claim constructing a float for saw mills or the purposes herein de-
scribed, by securing a su~lcient quantity of light timber or other material
together in a solid mass, and supporting a platform on. the same, substan-
tially as herein described, for the purpose set forth.
3d, I claim attaching side floats to the main float, for steadying the strue.
ture, and making room to deposit the sawed lumber, as herein described.
65,793.GRAIN DRYER.Lewis S. Chichester (assignor to
himself C. W. Mills and G. H. Nichols), Brooklyn, N. Y.
1st, tn a grain drying apparatus, I claim a chamber above the fire into
which air is admitted tn large volumes and descends and mingles with the
products of combustion and passes into the grain dryer, substantially a~ and
for the purpose specified.
3d, I claim the arrangement of the hot and cold air flues, f and n, trunks,
g or g and valves, 11, and m in, for regulating the temperature of the air
passing Into the grain drying chamber, k, substantially as specified.
3d, I claim a series of half pipes crossing the grain chamber and opening
at or near both ends into air spaces or flues as set forth, so that the current
of air shall pass through and beneath the half tubes and in contact with the
grain as set forib.
65,794.MACHINE FOR FILLING CYLINDRICAL MOLDS FOR
RUBBER GooDs.J. W. Cobb, Melrose, Mass.
I claim so connecting by gear or otherwise the pattern roll, 131, with the
filling roll, Ii, that the said filling roll, R, shall always revolve with greater
rapidity than the pattern roll, M, made substantially as described and for
the purnose set forth.
65,795.SLATE FRAMEJ. N. & John Connel, Jr.. Newark, 0.
I claim a corner casing of elaslic or resilient material constructed sub-
stantially as described to hook Into notches in the edges of the slate.
65,796.WOOD PLANING MACHINEW. H. Doane and W.
E. London, Cincinnati, Ohio. Antedated Dec. 10, 1800.
1st, We claim the combination of two or more removable tonguing and
growing cutter heads, having attaching stems, forms fi on or applied to thqm,
two or more spindles with their upper ends below the surface of the planing
bed, and a rotary planer, constru~ted and arranged so as to operate substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
2d, Placing the beading shaft of a plantnz and matching machine within or
upon the pressure bar for the several purposes and in the manner d& scrlbed.
65,797.AxLE BoxP. H. Dotterer (asslgnor to himself
and Dillwyn Parrish, Jr. Philadelphia, Pa.
1st, I claim the hollow roller, B, having openings arranged substantially
as described, for permitting the lubricating material to pass through the
said roller to the stationary pin, B.
Ofi, The said stationary pin, B, and Its longitudinal groove, q, in com-
bination with the hollow roller and its openings.
3d, The stationary pin, B, arranged within the box and confined thereto
by the detachable cap or follower, k, and substantially as described.
65,798.GANG PLOW.C. L. Eastham, Rhodes Point, Ill.
1st, I claim the combination of the axle, A, and hinged bar, C, provided
with the lever, 1, and having the plows attached thereto as described, all
constructed and arranged to operatis substantially as set forth. -,
Second, The combination of the lever, L, connected to the piow beams
and having a fulcrum at or near the axle, with the elbow lever, E, pivoted
to the tongue or equivalent part arranged to operate as described.
65,799.CAR IRIIPLACRR.N. H. Edgerton, Pottsville, Pa
1st, I claim the reversible and detachable canting block, K, secured to the
rail, A, and the depressed foot, n, substantially as described.
2d, t claim the plated Incline, D, having a projecting foot, in, in combina-
tion with a canting block, K, adjusted substantially as described.
3d, I claim the combination and arrangement of my second claim with
the Inclined block, C, when both are constructed and operating substantially
as described.
65,800.~5rEcTAcLB.George P. Edmondson (assignor to
himself and Albert R. Clark), Detroit, Mich.
I claim the spectacles with lenses each of which consists of two pieces of
different relative convexity and set at a different angle In the beml, substan-
tially as described.
65,801.RocK EXCAYATOR.W. H. Elliot, New York City.
1st, I claim the combination of car, a, track, h, and, drilling machine, e,
when said machine is suspended from a car, substantially as herein shown
and fisseribed.
3d, Platform, a, In combinatIon with car a, and drilling machine, e, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein set iorth.
3d, Adjustable support, f and f, In combination with car, a, and drilling
machine, e, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown.
4th, Frame, in, in combination with drilling machine, e, and platform. c,
for the purposes herein set forth.
5th, Braces, o, in combination with platform, c, substantially as andlfor the
purpose herein set forth.
65,802.DBILLING MACHINE.W. H. Elliot, N. Y. City.
let, I claim the carriage, It, with springs, n or n, In combination with
cranks, h, and drill spindle, 1, when operating substantially as herein shown
and desciibed.
3d Projections, n, and a corresponding collar on the drill spindle, In
combination with spring, n, when employed substantially as and for the
purpose herein specified.
3d, The combination of crank, h, drill spindle, 1, and spring, n, when em-
ployed as devices for producing excess of motion In the drill spindle over
that given to the connecting rods by the cranks which shall cause Ihe ma-
chine to feed towards the rock, substantially as shown.
4th, The pawl, u, and rack u, when acted upon by devices producing ex-
cess of motion In the drlll spindle over that of the connecting rods for the
purpose of feeding the ma& hine towards the rock, substantially as herein set
forth.
Sth, Plate, in, with Its diagonal edge when acting on the notches on the
collar, in, to revolve the drill when operated upon by devices producing
excess of motion in the drill splndleover that of the connesting rods, sub-
stanlially as shown and described.
65,803.PACKING PUMP JoINTS.Benaiah Fitts, Newark,
N.J.
1st, I claim the packing composed of india-rubber, or other similar sub-
stances, formed or consteucted substantially as set forth and described, that
is to say, a packing made by applying the prepared india-rubber In the
plastic state to the different surfaces as shown, and compressine it to fit all
the Inequalities, recesses or grooves In the metal, and being mads in vulcan-
izing to adhere firmly to one part of the metal leaving the other to be freely
removed.
3d, I claim a pump valve composed of a metallic case in wnich is confined
india-rubber adhering to the metal by being vulcanized therein and forming
an elaiti~ lace, as deserlhod.
11
65,804.FRUIT PARERP. H. Goodell, Antrim, N.H.
I claim the ombinatlon of the arm, F, with the notched slot, 5, in the
plate, for the purpose described.
1 also claim the described fruit parer, when all its parts are arranged and
operated as set forth.
65,805.CIGAR-MAKING MACmNE.Johu Hafer and J. A.
Henderson, Beilford, Pa.
1st, We claim the packing tube, C ,arranged and operating as described.
3d, The combination as described of a fixed hopper tube or lead pipe with
a reciprocating tube, for the purpose sat forth.
3d, The comiination substantially as described of a fixed ho p per tube or
feed pipe with a plunger reciprocating inside and a packing tube rquiprocai
log outside the feed pip efor the purpose of filling a wrapper with fine-cut
tobacco.
65,806.SORGHUM STRIPPERDavid Ham, H. A. Gross and
Mattin Slain, Gasconade county, Mo
let, We claim two pairs of ssml-elliptfcsi knives, c2 c3, one pair ofwliich is
to tie placed in front of the other, substantially as described and set forth.
2d, We claIm the flexible handles, a a in combination wIth the knives, c3
CS, for the purpose ofallowing the said knives to yield readily to any varia -
tion In the size of the slalk passed between them.
3d, We claim the knife handles, C, and the toggle bars, D, when combined
as herein described and set forth for the purpose of opening or raising the
knives, CS.
4th, We claIm the knife handles, C, the toggle bars, D, t~-e spring, D3, or
Its equivalent, the rod, D, the link, d, and the treadle, D3, when constructed
and arranged ~ubstanttally as herein described and set forth.
65,807.~TYPoGRAPHIC MACruNE. Tho. Hall, Bergen, N. J.
let, I claim weights attached to the type levers when they are so arranged
that they act with less power when the type is making its impression than
at any other posItion.
3d, The stop mechanism, 1 111, and hollow shaft, 2 substantially as de-
scribed.
3d, The arrangement for moving table,by varying length of levers to suit
each type, substantially as described.
4th, The method ot spacing between letters and words by a variable length
of lever, .1, by which the space for each letter is increased or diminished
equally. substantially as shown.
5th, Moving paper by the clutch, n, on straight rod, m, substantially as de.
scribed.
Oh, Lever, Q, and conneetionslOr moving table, substantially as described.
73 h, Parallel motion formoving table backward and forward, substantially
as described.
8th, Ring, B, or its equivalent, for stopping type when making an impres-.
sion.
9th, Automatic stop operating when the printing has reached the end of
the line, substantially as described.
10th, Faryine the length of movement of the tableP, orsubstante lobe
prlnted upon by causIng the keys to move different distances before acting
on the feed mechanism
65,808.ELECTRIC APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GAS ENGINES.
Oscar Hammel, Jersey City, N. J.
let, The arrangement of the battery, B, coil, C,pendulum switch, G, and
electric hammer, B, all constructed and operating substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
3d, The pendulum switch ,F, In combtnation with the slide, H, or its equiv-
alent, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose de-
scribed.
3d, The electric hammer, B, incombination with the slide, H, or Its equiv-
alent ,and withihe pendulum switch, G, constructed and operating substan
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
4th, The saddle, p, on the electric hammer, Bin combination with the
serrased her, q, on the slide, H, or Its equivalent. constructed and operating
substantially as and for the purpose described.
65,809. LEMON SQUEEzER. Oswald Hesselbacker and
Henry Moesta, Detroit, Mich.
1st, 1 claim the construction of the frame of a lemon squeezer of the parts,
A and B, and a circular bracket, C, which latter is adapted for rec~ivlng and
sup orting a stralnirg cup, D, beneath a plunger, B, substantially as de-
3d, The combinatIon of the vibratIng slotted cam lever, G J, and plunger,
B - with the cup, D, and Its supporting seement, C, constructed and arranged
substantIally as and for the purposes described.
65.810.SEED PLANTEE.C. T. Holman, Conneautville, Pa..
1st, I claim perforating the shenk of the furrowin~. tooth and arranging
the seed tubs to pass through It, substantially as described.
3d. I claim arranging the hoppers on and hinging the furrowiog, seeding
and covering fixtures or devices to the blocks, J J, arran~ed to traverse be-
tween ways and adapt the planter to rows of different widths, substantially
as described.
3d, And In combination with devices hinged to the blocks, J J, I claim
the swinging bar, Q, worked by the cam, Q, and ~o arranged as to work and
operate the several parts In ~he different portions in which they may he
placed to vary the width of the rows planteil -
4th, I rhaim making the swinging bar, M, which connects the shank of the
furrowing tooths to the-link so long that the tooth and link may be traversed
on It, substantially as described, in adjusting the machine to rows of different
widths.
65,811.WATER ELEYATOB.ThOflhttS Holmes, Bristol, R. I.
I claim the combination ot the brake lever, G, and pawl, F. with this gear
wheels. D C, when arranged substantially as described and for the purpose
set forth.
65,812.BREECH-LOADING Fmu-ARM.W. W. Hubbell (as-
stenor to himself and J. H. Orne) - Philadelphia, Pa.
1st, 1 claim thebreech, B, with ate rear face. c, secured firmly In the con~
caved frohi of the ordinary screw base a, of this barrel by the fixed shaft or
center, b, with thIs breech, B, operating the breech, C, under the side ribs,
n, by means of the link, D, and locking by their faces, fend a, and by the
proisatlon, fi, Into the bore of the barrel, all within the recess substantially
as described.
3d, The detachable cheek places, B B, arranged for the Introduction of the
breech, C, to and its withdrawal from the recess and the rear of the barrel,
substantially as described.
3d, The single retracting bar, G. moving in a groove, 4,10 one of the two
opposite sides of the recess, both in loading and extracting thee cartridge
shell by the projectIon. 5, in the clot, 9, and Intercepted at each end of the
latter by the breech, C, substantially as described and shown.
4th, The stationary rear striker. 12, and the breech, B, and Its striker, 11
operating together as described both with and wifuout the front striker, I,
when the ends of the striker and breech pieces are beveled, substantially as
specified.
5th, The ribs, u, in combination with the rear space,.w.and with the re-
tractor, G, to Insure the insertion of the flange of the shell In the rear of the
retractor head, 0. as described.
6th, The combination of the breech, B, link, B, breech, C retractor, G
arm, F, with the strikers, constructing and operating to0ether sucesssvely
In the recess and with the barrel to insert, fire, withdraw, add eject the
primed ammunition or shell, as described.
65,813.COUGH MIXTURE.P. N. Huffmau, Harvard, Ill.
I claim a cough mIxture which Is composed of the several ingredients
mixed together In about the proportions specified.
65,814.CARPET LININGN. A. Johnson, Lowell, Mass.
I claim as a new article of manufacture a felled hair bat, or Its equivalent,
covered wIth strips of paper on one or both of its sides, and leaving interven-
ing uncovered spaces between the strips for ihe dust to pass through.
65,815.SHOE HOLDBB.L. C. Keeler, Montrose, Pa.
I claim a shoe holder constructed as described consisting of the standards,
B B,one or more,provided with hooks, a, stirrup or plate, A, and clasp, D,
substantially as herein shown and described.
65.816.PARLOR TENPIN ALLEY.E. W. Keyes, Boston,
Mass.
I claim a parlor alley made with movable or folding buffers, D D, substan-
tially as described and for the purpose set forth -
65,817.CONSTRUCTION OF SIGNS.G. H. Kitchen, New York
City.
I claim a prismatic IllumInator formed of an opoque case with openings to
which prisms are applied, substantially as and for the purposes set lortb.
65,818.APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND SEPARATING COAL.
C. A. Comp, New York City-
1st, I claim the arrangement of the grinding rollers, C, and elevator, D, In
combination with the assorting drum, B, consiructed and operating substan-
tinIly as and for the purpose set forth.
Ond, T~earraugementofthe assort lug drum, B, in combination with the
separating machines, G, constructed and operating substantially as and for
the purpose described.
3d. The arrangement of the drying drum, A. in combination with the sep-
arating machines, G, and assorting drnm, B, constructed end operating
substantIally as and for the purpose set forth.
65,819.FENCEI. L. Landis, Lancaster, Pa.
I claim so constructing the canals of a fence that one of the rails of each
panel shall overlap the corresponding rail of the adjoining panel and secure
ing the same together by a wire aence, In the manner specified.
lalso claim specially the mode of fastening shown In Fig. 5.
65,820.CIRCULAR Cosus OvEN.F. J. F. Laumonier, Aug-
ers, France.
1st, I claim a circular coke oven composed of any suitable number of
radial compartments converging toward a central chimney, substantially as
herein described.
3d, The combinatiod wilb the radial compartments of a circular coke oven
as described of the flues for conducting the products of combustion from
the said compartments to the central chimney under the arrangement here-
in shown and specified.
3d, The liombluation with the radial compartments provided with open-
ings in their top of the circular railway passing over the said openings, as
and for the purposes set forth.
4th, The application and use in connection with the hereIn-described coke
oven of the water conduit or pipe encircling the same, substantially as and
for the purposes herein specified.
65,821.SHAFT COiJFLING.W. B. London and John Rich-
ards, Cincinnati, Ohio.
We claim the use of two conical sleeves within two separate conical shells
arranged to act independently on each shaft and forming the two halves of a
shaft coupling, as herein set forth and described.
65,822.MELODEONLa Fayette Louis, Providence, R. I.
Antedated June 11, 1867.
let, I claim combining with a tremolo valve, h, hinged directly to an im-
movable or fixed valve seat, an auxiliary valve, g, for regulating the direct
passage of the air from the reeds to the bellows, substanifaihy as described,
3d, lalso claim in combination with the valve, h, the lever, m, and its
counter-balancIng weight, q, when this lever is pivoted or hung directly in
or to the valve board, substantially as set forth.
3d, Applylngsuch weight to the lever by means of an adjusting screw,
substantially as set forth.
4th, Combining with the valve, g, the buttons, r, made adjustable with re-
spect to the valve seat, substantially as described.
0th, Also combining with a tremolo valve, h, and a direct pa~eage valve,
12
a lever extended down from the valve to such position that it may be oper-
ated by the knee or loot 01 the performer, substantially as set forth.
65,S~3APPARATUS FOR HEATING CHEESE VATSHenry
W. Millar, Utica, N. Y.
1st, 1 claim, in combination with one or mors cheese vats, a heater con-
structed of metallic pipes, substantially as herein described and set forth.
~d, Connectine a coil of metallic pipes which forms either wholly or in
part the heater ota cheese vat with one or more perforated pipes, G, placed
in said cheese vat, substantially as herein described and for the purpose
specified.
3d, In combination with a cheese vat and a circulating heeter for said vat,
the arrangement af the heating pipes, G, and the cool water pipe, E, sub-
stantially as herein described and for the purpose specified.
4th, The combination of the pan,H, with a coil heater, D, and one ormore
cheese vats, when constructed and arranged substantially as herein described
and for the purposes specified.
5th, The use of the eccentric legs or levers, tn combination with a cheese
vat, constructed and operating substantially as herein described and set
forth.
65,824.LIFE BOAT.M. V. Nobles, Elmira, N. V.
1st, I claim covering the hold of a life boat with a flexible air and water-
tight covering supported by and fastened to a sustaining frame, substantially
as described.
2d, I also claim making the cover of a life boat of double rubber or other
cloth with air space between, so that it may be inflated and thus made more
buoyant, substantially as described,
3d, I also claim ventilating the hold of alife boat through a hollow mast
furnished with separated passages whether by natural or artificial currents of
out-going impure and incoming fresh or pure air, substantirlly as deseribed.
65,825.BOAT-DETACIiING TACKLEN. V. Nobles, Elmira,
N.Y.
I claim, in combination with hinged and dropping holding heads, the lift-
ing and lowering rods, 1. and the locking and unlocking arms, b, all operated
by one lever or one shaft so that the whole may be within the control of one
person, substantially as and for the purpose descrIbed.
65,8213,METHoD OF UNLOADING GItAm.Jsaac H. Palmer,
Lodi, Wis.
1st, I claim valves in the floors of cars, carriages, etc.. for drawing off grain
or other materials without handling the same, substantially as described.
2d. The slide valves, b, in combination with the racks, e, pinions, i, and
shaliD, substantially as described.
3d, The pivoted valve, c, in combination with crank, i, substantially as de-
scribed.
65,827.GLovE FOR HUSKING CoRN.Albert W. Preston,
Mazon, Ill.
I claim a husking glove made to cover the back of the hand, thumb, and
fingers, and the fronts of the ends or first joints 01 the thumb and fingeri
witisa strap around the thumb and wrist, substantially as shown and de-
scribed.
I claim a husking glove with the front of the fingers and thumb covered or
shod with sheet metal, substantially as described.
And in combination with the plate on the thumb, I claim the spur or pro-
jection, G, on said plate.
And iu combination with the plate on the forefinger, I claim the spur or
projection, K, on said plate for opening the husks on the ears of corn.
And in combination with the plate on the forefinger and the spur for open-
ing the husks, I claim the projection or arm, J, to rest on the back 01 the
middle Anger to prevent the plate from turning on the forefin~er.
I claim making the backs oi the fingers to lace up, substantially as describ-
ed, so as to adapt the glove to fingers 01 dIfferent sizes.
65828.MILK CANWilliam Ralph, Utica, N. V.
1st, I claim the socket, a, when applied substantially as described for the
purpose mentioned.
Id, The combination of the plate, B, socket, a, and handle, C, for the pur-
pose set forth.
65,829.STAY OR BRACE FOR BOOTS OR SHOESTimothy K.
Reed, East Bridgewater, Mass., assignor to himself and Elmer Town-
send, Boston, Mass.
I claim the application and arrangement of a metallic brace stay or cap
with respect to the junction of the sides of the slum the tapper of a balmoral
boot or shoe, as herein described.
Also, as an im~rovefl manufacture, a balmoral hoot or shoe as provided
with a stay brace or us p arranged with respect to the junction of the sides of
the slit of its upper, as hereinbefore explained.
65,880.PROCESS OF REFINFIStG IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER
MEvALsJacob Reese, Pittsbur~h Pa
1st, I claim refining iron, steel, an~ ether metals, by means of a blast of at-
mospheric air, or other de-carbonizing blast in a refinery or furnace heated
with coke or other carbonaceous fuel, when a layer of metallic oxide is inter-
posed between the fuel anfi the metal under treatment, for the purposes
hereinbefore set lorib.
Id, The use ofa covering of metallic oxide for protecting metals fiom the
influence of carbon, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3d, The use of hydro-carbon liquid, vapor, or gas, in the procecs of refining
iron or steel, in the manner substantially as hereinbefore described.
4th, The use of a hydro-carbon liquid, vapor, or gas, for the purpose of re-
removing sulphur and phosphorus, or either of them, from iron, steel, or
other metals, in the process of refining, substantially as hereinbefore de-
scribed.
65,581.MAcHnut FOR MAKING FISH BARS FOR RAILROAD
RAiLsJacob Reese, Pittsburgh, Pa.
I claim the combination of the movin, die, o, and stationary grooved die,
0, with the punches, a s, operating and arranged substantially as described
for the purpose of pressing, punching, and bending fish bars at one oper-
ation.
65,832.MACHINE FOR STRAIGHTENING CYLINDRICAL BARS
OF METAL.Jacob Reese, Pittsburgh, Pa.
1st, I claim rolling and straightening cylindrical rods, bars, shafis, and
tubes or pipes of iros, steel, or other metals, between the conical faces of re-
volviugclisRsor the conical ends of revolving rolls, arranged substantially
in the manner and for tie pu~poses above set forth.
2d, The pair of revolving cone-faced disks, arranged as detcribed, so as to
revolve in opposite directions, having their axes of revolutiop inclined so as
to bring their operative faces, forming the bite of the disks, parallel to each
other, and having their axes in slightly different planes for the purpose of
giving a combined rotary and forward motion to the metallic rod bar shaft
or tube held between the bite of the disks, substantially as hereinbefore de-
scribed.
3d, The combination of a pair of rolls or disks, d d having conical ends or
faces, with the rest roller, n, arranged and operating substantially as herein-
before described.,
4th, The combination of the screw, p, with the axle, ii, and disk or roll, fi,
br the purpose of increasing or lessening the distance of the disk or roll, d,
from its corresponding disk or roll, b, substantially as above described.
65,833.PAPER BRntr.C.E.Riehards, North Attleboro,Mass.
I claim a braid or Pand composed of a series of paper threads or strands
united together, and to be used as and for the purposes set forth.
65,834.SULKY PLowJohn C. Rogers, Alden, N. V.
1st, I claim connecting a sulky to a plow by means of the link or universal
joint Dl, or equivalent, for the ~iurpose and substantially as herein firs cried.
3d, The combination and arrangement, with a p low of common construc-
tion, of the rack, D, link.Dl, pinioo, E, crank shaft, El F, weighted p awl, G,
a!id ratchet wheel, Gi, all arranged upon a sulky, in the manner and br the
purpose substantially as described.
3d The projection, d2, or equivaleutformed uponorconnected to the lower
end of the rack, D, in rear of the link or universal joint, Dl, for tOe purpose
and substantially as described.
4th, The sprioc rods, I I, when constructed and used for the purpose, sub-
stantially as herein set torth.
5th, The jaws, Jin combination with the pole of a sulky plow, for the pur-
pose and substantially as described.
65,835.WINDOW-SASH SUPPORTERBlaney E. Sampson,
Boston, Mass., assibuor to himself and J. B. Proctor, Fitchburg, Mass.
I claim the combination as well as the arrangement of the inclined plane,
b, the roller, c, the carrier rod, fi, its arm, f, or arms, ff, the spring, e, and
the spring latch, 1, arranged in the window frame, the whole being substan-
tially as described.
65,836.MODE OF BOXING OIL CANs.David Saunderson,
(assignor to John Ringer), St. Louis, Mo.
I claim the combination of the wooden box, B, can, F, and wedge, A, as
above named and described and for the purposes set forth.
65,837.SAD JRON.William Siefert, New York City.
I claim a sad iron having stem, C, with spiral spring, s, and Projection, a,
thereon, in combination with the slot, vy, with the upward projection there-
in, as described, when constructed, arranged, and operating as herein speci-
fied.
65,838.CoMPosITIoN FOR MATCHES,E. K. Smith, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
I claim a composition, consisting of the materials described, for the pur-
pose specified.
65,839.NUMBERING MACHINE.Sam.Soule,Milwaukee,Wis.
1st, I claim the stamp frame with its shaft and plate, J, cylinder, a, ratchet,
5, type wheels, v v v, frames, B C, dog, d, and dogs, e f, all constructed and
arranged substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2d, The arrangement of the arm, E, plate, F, roller flame, H, with rollers,
K R, and spring, c, in combination with the revolving table, M, and screw,
P, when used in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
3d, The guide frame, K, and rubber, Z, for regulating the printing 01 the
type by means of its slide, xl, in the manner and br the purposes specified.
65,840.MEDICAL CQMPOUND.JaS. H. Sperling, Peru, Ill.
I claim the combination 01 the said ingredients in the proportions designat-
ed substantially, and applied in the manner set forth.
65,841.DITCHING MACHINE.Nathan Starbuck, Wilming-
ton, Ohio.
I claim the combination of the vertically adjustable yoke, F, cutting wheel,
G, lever, H, scraper, I, suspended In the rear of said wheel, G, to the hinged
pendant. g, and fender, K, arranged and operating as and for the purpose
herein set forth.
65,842.METHOD OF BOTTLING MINERAL WATEBs.Charles
H. Thomas, Philadelphia, Pa.
1st, I claim bottling or drawing water from mineral wells or springs under
pressure, substantially as described.
2d, I claim taking the water from a point in the well or spring below the
point 01 discharge, substantially as described.
3d, I claim the use, in a universal well or spring, of the perforated dia-
phragm, a, as herein set forth.
4th, I claim the charging 01 mineral waters with an extra supply of gas,
either in the well or in the tank, substantially as herein described.
65,843.AWLS. E. Totten (assignor to himself and Cyrus
L. Topliff), Brooklyn, N. Y.
I claim an awl, havin, a longitudinal groove, D, as herein set forth for the
purpose specified.
65,844.PRESERVING FRUIT.W; U, TRISSLEB, Cleveland,O.
I claim the pipe, D, and plate, B, as arranged in combination with the can,
A, when tiled Qr the pqrpoee anti iu the auuer tleicrjhetj,
65,845.MODE OF DRESSING SIDE STRAPS FOR HARNESS.
James F. valentine, Union County, Ohio.
I claim the combination and arrangement 01 the knives or bits, f f, with
the box or trough, together with the levers, b b, the pin or bolt, c, and the
widening or regulating screws, d. d, substantially as set fonts and br the pur-
pose therein named.
65,846.APPARATUS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHER
RvnaocAausoxs.Henry C. van Tine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
I claim the use of a fire pan filled or partially filled with gravel or small
stones and supplied with petroleum or other hydro-carbon fluid by a pipe or
pipes, in combination with a perforated pipe or pipes for admitting jets of
steam into the fire space above the surface of the gravel, substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described,
6S,847.COHEINED COTTON PLOW AND SCRAPERThOS. P.
Warren (assignor to Warren & Woodhouse), Norfolk, va.
1st, 1 claim the standard, B, having the broad flange, x, the slots, b b, and
the arm, z, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3d, The combination of the standard, B, and the flanged supporting attach-
ment, C, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3d, The scraper guide, K, attached to the lanfiside in the manner and for
the purpose above showp.
6S,S48.MANUFACTURE OF SORGHUM SUGAR.RUfUS Watson
and Thomas Spencer, Central Cdlege, Obic.
1st, We claim the herein described process of granulating sirup; the said
process consisting in having the sirup flow over a shelf or shelves or their
equivalent, of suitable length and inclination, so as to effect grahulation,
substantially as described.
3d, We claim the apparatus constructed substantially as herein deseribed,
for its purpose set forth.
65,849.TEA CANISTER.Wm. Welbourne Preston
Britain. , , Great
I claim a caniSter having partitions and doors arranged and operating sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
65,850.POT FOR LEAD BATH FOR TEMPERING STEEL, ETC.
Charles V. Wilson, Newark, N. J.
I claim the pot or bath made of wrought and cast iron combined substan-
tially in the manner and for the purpose hereinabove specified.
65,851.LAMP BURNERMoses B. Wright, Meriden, Coun.
I claim a lamp burner provided with two wick tubes, b e, one of which, e,
is placed above and not surrounding the other, h, aid which communicates
with a closed chamber below, substantially in the manner and for the pur-
pose set forth.
65,852.MoDE FOR FURLING AND REEFING SAILSWilliam
Wyatt, New Bedford, Mass.
I claim the combination and arrangensent of the furling and reefing top-
gallant sails and royals by means of head lines and luff lines running through
blocks on the upper and under sides and ends of the yard, and travelers
affixed to the sail and running in gi-ooved ways formed by securing metallic
plates to the yard, as herein described, operated by raising and lowering the
yard as set forth, for the purpose specified,
65,85& MACHINE FOR MAKING MATCH SPLINTSChas. L.
Zeidler, Cincinnati, Ohio.
I claim the knife constructed in quepiece, with punches, K K, and rear-
ward prolongations, J J, all as herein described and for the purposes speci-
fied.
65,854.Hoop SKIRT.Ephraim Adams, Jr., Attleboro,Mass.
I claim the combination of the bustle springs, e, and the central tape, fi,
substantially as described for the purpose specified
65,855.METALLIC PAINT KEG.James C. Adams, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
I claim a metallic paint keg having its top formed by turning over the edge
thereof flat, twice, substantially as shown and described.
6S,856.MACHINE FOR FASTENING BALE TIEs.Joseph Ad-
ams, New Orleans, La.
1st, 1 claim the mortise, C, in the bed nf the machine, to admit the tie
buckle or fastening and to accomplish its adjustment to the hoop by the
same motion which bends the hoop.
3d, The spring, G, as set forth above.
3d, The indentation or oval shape in the handle, at the point, I, and at the
points, H H, to form the bend over and under the spring, G, substantially as
described and represented.
6S,SS7.STOPPER FOR BOTTLES, JUGS, ETC.J. B. Aletan-
der, Washington, D. C.
I claim the bore, I, figs. 1 and 2, the ping, E, fig. 1, the plug, F, fig. 2, the
screw, H, and auxiliary piece, G, fig. 3, in combination with she rod, C, and
the plates, B and D, and tIe body, A, substantially as described and br the
purpose set forth.
65,8S8.WAsHING MACHINE.GeOrge Arnold and Jacob
Greve, Cleveland, Ohio.
1st, We claim the rubbing boird, C, as arranged in combination with the
board, D, provided with angular notches, a, arms, L, and sprin~s, 0, fpr the
purpose and in the manner set forth.
3d, The rubbing-board, C, rollers, L L, as arranged in combination with the
roller, J, springs, E, and box, A, as and for the purpose described.
65,859.LA PPING-BRAID.William Rhodes, Providence, R. I.
I claim 1st, the machinery for measuring and larping braids, tapes, etc.
having a shifting and positive stop motion, substantially as herein described.
3d, The sliding shaft, a, the spring, c, the pin, g, and the cam, b, on the
gear wheel, C, combined and operating substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
65,860.STREET LANTERNS.J. P. Avery and W. L. Nichols,
Norwich, Coon.
We claim, 1st, The combination with the lanterohead or frame of air tubes,b,
arranged for supply of air to the flame substantially as specified.
3d, The independent frames, D E, in combination with the rope or cord
packing, d, arranged to fit a groove, c, in one frame and clamped or held to-
ether to hold the frame in between them essentially as herein set forth.
65,861.FEED ROLLERS FOR LAMP WICKsCharles H
ley, Elgin, Ill. . Bag
I claim a tooth or pronged roller drum or cylinder, made from a strip or
strips of sheet metal or 010cr suitable material provided with teeth along one
or both of its edges and spirally wound into the form of a cylinder or other
equivalent shape, substantially as and for the purpose described,
65,862.NON-FREEZING WATER GATESAlfred N. Bailey,
Middlefield, Coun.
- lst,1 claim thewithin described method ofprotectingmoviug parts fromfreez-
mg, the same consisting in enclosing the parts at or near the water level with-
in the casings which contain a fluid supported by the water and not liable to
congelation, while the water outside of said casing stands at or near the same
level and is prevented by said casings from displacing the same, substantially
as and for the purpose herein specifi fi.
3d, 1 claim fib ting either form of the enclosed tube and connected parts of
the above described apparatus so that it shall rise and sink with the water
in which it is supported or with the ice which becomes attached thereto, sub-
stantially as herein specified.
65,863.DEvIcE FOR TAPPING CEMENT-LINED PIPEs.Geo.
H. Bailey, Jersey City, N J., assignor to the American Water and Gas
Company.
1st, I claim the combination of the tap, D, bored through from end to end
with the combination iron and cement pipes, substantially in the manner and
for the purppse described.
2d, The constrncting the flange, a, upon the tube or nipple at an intermediate
point between the ends thereol, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, so that
when the device is applied to a cement lined pipe the cement lining shall not
be liable to break off in tapping, substantially as described.
65,864.WooD TURNING LATHEs.Frederick Baldwin, Brat-
tieboro, vi
1st, 1 claim the method as herein substantially described, of operating the
cutters, on the rotating disk, A, bymeans of the dogs, h k, the spring, i, the toe,
J, the collar, o, the p in or rod, p. and the arm, L, which are moved and oper-
ated by the the revolving pattern through the rod, m
3d, I claim the clutch; v, which is placed between two bevel gears, for tie
purposes described and which is operated by a shifting lever and a sliding
bar substantially as set forth.
65,865.COTTON PIIESSES.W. C. Banks, Como Depot, Miss.
I claim in combination with a cotton press substantially such as described,
the pivoting at one end of the beam that ~arries the screw plates and sweeps,
and the curved guide, or flame, F, and windlass and cords, or their equiva-
lents for moving said beam, substantially as, and for the purposes herein
described and represented.
65,866.HYDRO-CARBON FLUID FOR CARBURETING GAS.
John A. Bassett, Salem, Mass.
1st, L claim a hydro-carbon liquid used for the purpose above named, pro-
duced by the combination of the coal and petroleum hydro-carbons, as
described and set forth.
3d, Adding to the photometric valve of gases by carbureting with the
hydro-carbons produced by the combination of the lighi products of the dis-
tillation of coal and petroleum.
3d, The process substantially as set forth of manufacturing hydroc rhons
for carhureting gases by combining the hydro-carbons of coal and petroleum
in variable proportions as set forth.
65,867.CoRN HUSKER.E. M. Bates, East Rochester, Ohio.
Ohio.
I claim a curved or scroll corn hu~ker constructed in the manner and for
She pnrpose described.
65,868CORN SHELLERF. A. Bolles, Unadilla, N. V.
I claim combining with a stationary concave a yielding sielling cylinder, by
means of springs as shown and described, said springs may be made of rub-
ber or steel or any other suitable materal, when constructed as and icr the
purpose as herein specified.
65,869.METHOD OF SUPPLYING LocoMoTvE TENDERS WITH
WAvxe.Wahter J. Brassiugion, Brooklyn, and William Burineit, New
York City.
1st, I claim an air tight tender tank of a locomotive engine, provided with
a pipe communicating with the locomotive boiler, also with devices for
attaching a pipe which is designed to lead into a reservoir or well 01 water,
br the purpose of supplying said tank with water, substantially as described.
3d, The combination of the secondary air tighi water tank, E, and its spray
pipe, f, with the primary tank, C, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes described.
3d, The arrangement with an air tight tender tank, C, and pipes A and D,
of reservoir, G, which is constructed to operate substantially. s specified.
6S,S70.WASHING-MACHINEA1eX Brooks, Waverly, N. V.
1st, 1 claim The combination of the circular slats, or ribs, B, circular plates,
C, and breast beams, D, with each other, and with the box, A, of the machine,
substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose set forth.
3d, The pivoted hammer. E, and wei,,ht, II, constructed airanged and oper-
ated substantially as herein shown and described in combinotion with the
box, A, as and for the purpose set forth.
65,871.POCKET SUN SHADESJames W. Browne, N.Y.City.
1st, I claim the annular foldjugmjn ~hade const~pcted auhat utially as herein
IJULY 6, 1867
set Iorih and for the purpose specified
3d, In combination with the annular folding sun shade, the elastic inner
edge, substantially as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
65,872.AIR PUMPS FOR MARINE ALARMSSamuel G. Ca-
bell, Quincy, Ill.
I claim the double acting air pump constructed substantially as described
and charged with a dense fluid packing in combination with the draft and
blast whistles, G, I, substantially as and sor the pur~~ose set forth.
6S,873.CoPYING PREssEsSamuel G. Cabell, Quincy, Ill.
I claim the slotted eccentric, E, and roller, a, combined and arranged with
relation to the platen, G, and bridge, H al constructed and operating sub-
siantiaily as herein set forth.
6S,S74.STEAM GENERATOR.ThOmaS S. Clogston, Boston,
Mass.
I claim a boiler or steam generator composed of one or more generators, A,
in which the upright or circulating flues steam chamber or chambers and
lower arched flue are arranged substantially in the manner herein specified.
I also claim the combination with the boiler or steam generator, of the
tubular casing surrounding the fuel supply door, substantially as anti for the
purposes set forth.
6S,S75CULTIYATOR.B. C. Cochran T. W Cochran an
M. Cochran, Pana, Ills. . d J.
1st, We claim the metallic brame, D, with seat. E, plates, a a, plow frames,
G G, and plows, ii, all constructed, arranged and operating in the manner
and for the purposes herein specified.
3d, The shovel frames, G G, arranged with rods, H H, and in, for shifting
the loops. b b, and levers, F F, for elevating the shovels in the manner as set
forth.
6S,876.CARRIAGE.Caleb Conderman, Horneilsyille, Ills.
I claim the springs, E, in combination with tie body or frame, A, substan-
tially as and for the purpose described.
65,877.RICE CULTIvATORGeOrge W. Cooper, Ogeechee,
Ga., :assignor to himself and James v. Jones, Herudon, Ga.
1st, I claim the combination and arrangement of the bracts, A B B, and
the braces, G G, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3d, The method above described 01 fastening the teeth,E RE, tothe beams
by two bolts, situated obliquely to the grain of the wood substantlaily as and
for the purpose specified.
3d, The inclining and bending of the cultivator teeth, E E, outward and
backward upon the point of attachment to the beam, A B B, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
65,878.MEAT MANGLE.G. A. Cover, Macomb, Ills.
I claim a meat mangle, consisting of the corrugated roller, R, provided
with the cogs, c, and the sliding plate, B, provided with the cogs, a, and
having its surface roughened when arranged to operate as described.
6S,S79.MANUFACTUIIE OF BELTJNG.James B. Crane, Dal-
ton, Mass.
i claim as a new article of manufacture a belt for machinery formed of
piper wIth or without cloth substantially as herein shown and set forth.
3d, The use of paper for belt-lacing when formed substantially as herein de-
scribed.
6S,88O.PURIFICATION OF COAL GAs.Alexander Angus
Croll, London, England.
1 claim the emplopment in the purification of coal gas of wood or vegetable
matter when carbonized substantially as herein described.
I also claim the employment of sulphate of lime in combination with the
said carbonized matter, substantially as and for the purnose described.
65,881.CHEESE VAT.J. H. Crumb and L 8ears De
Ruyter, N.Y.
We claim the employment of cast iron heaters, B, in combination with pipe,
b, hot water jacket, c, and milk vat, C c, constructed substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
The float, f, in connection with supply pipe and valve, d, e, heaters, B, and
milk vat, C, as and for the purpose herein described.
65,882.CAR COUPLING.GeO. E. Cuming, La Fayette, Ind.
I claim the combination in an automatic car coupling of the draw hsafi, A,
hinged piece, B, stirrup, C, and spring supporting the same wish the shackle
bar, D, said parts being respectively constructed and arranged substutially
as set forth.
3d, The draw head, A, when constructed with an opening through its lower
side at A2, br the escape 01 the shackle bar substantially as described.
3d, The hinged piece, B, when constructed and used in combination with
a draw head and shackle bar substantially as described.
65,883.COMPUTING MACHINESA. W. Davies, Cleveland,O.
1st, I claim the series of reciprocating cams,H, and pawls, G, in comb ma-
tion with the ratchet wheels, F, and pin, a, arranged and operating conjoint-
ly with the endless chains, J, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.
3d, The lever, M, and pawi, G, as arranged in relatiouto each other and the
ratchet wheel in diseneagiug or breaking the connections of one chain from
the other for the purpose set forth.
3d, The endless belt or chain composed of sections corresponding to the
faces or sides of the master wheels and so arranged as to operate conjointly
with the figure wheels substantially as and for the purpose specified,
65.884,MODE OF CONDENSING NOXIOUS VAPORS FROM LARD
R~arrmasrysa, & c.Samuel Davis, New York City.
1st I claim the arrangement of cistern, A, the coil,B,and the pipes, CE D,
and 13, in combination with a kettle or boiler for the purposes herein de-
scribed.
3d, Discharging a stream of water into tie discharge pipe of a boiler for
the purpose of increasing tile draft from the boiler substantially as described.
65,885.STEAM ENGINE GOvERNORS.Thomas S. Davis, Jer-.
sey Cliv. N. J.
I claim the combination of the plate, G, having a scroll H, with the bar, I,
pin, a, arranged to operate across or at right angl~ ornearly so to the same,
substantially as and br the purpose described.
65,886.INSULATORS FOR TELEGRAPH WHtEs.Alfred B.
Day, Oak Creek, Wis.
I chasm the lurs, B and F, made of glass or other suitable non.conducting
material in combination with the wooden plug, C, on the inside of the cast
iron cylinder, A, all ma tie and operating substantially as herein shown and
described.
3d, So constructing the shell, A, that the cap, G, can be held down by the
cross head, I, whenthe insulator is attached to the same all as herein shown
and described.
65887.TREADLE FOR SEWING MACHINES AND OTHER PUR-
POsEsNoel B. Devol Marshall, Ill.
I clatin the ratchet wheel, H, secured to the crank shaft, B, of a sewing
machine arm, 1, havIng spring pawl, 12, pitman rod, K, supplementary treadle,
J, and spring, M, or its equivalent when all combined and arranged together
so as to operate substantially as and for the purpose described.
65,888.ROOF FOR RAILROAD CA$s.Charles Dummeldin-
ger, Cleveland, Ohio.
I claim the stay bands, E, tubular ends, C, as arranged In combination with
the sheath, F, and car roof A, for the purpose and in the manner set forth,
65,889.COMBINED SEWER, PLANTER AND CULTIVATOR.
Daniel Duncan and E. R. Rifigley, Olney, Ill.
We claim the shaft, G, having the fixed armature, H, working the second-
ary bottom of the seed box, D, and having the sliding armature, K, regulated
by means of the lever and treadle, I, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
3d, The ring, F, on the end of the roller, E, provided with projecting arms
ft ff, substantially as described.
3d, The division of the shaft, M M, to which are attached the drill teeth,
into two equal parts M and M, independent of each other and regulated by
means of their respective treadles, n, n, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
4th, The combination and arrangement of the spring L, the secondary bot-
tom 01 the seed box, the shaft, G. wib its two arniatures, K and H, and the
roller, E, having the ring, F, with its arms, f ff3, attached substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
Sib, The combination and arrangement of the drill teeth attached to the
shafts, bib M, the seed box, D, and the rollers, E E, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
65,890.SASH SUPPORTER.James H. Durham and Sanford
Rising, Lafayette, Ind. Antedated December 15, 1816.
We claim a rubber cam having a v-shaped recess, wherein is placed the
spring, E, as constructed with screw pivot, G, passing through the collar, C,
with a wing, c, for spreading the spring, when arranged between the plates,
A, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
65,891.WAGON-SPOlb MACHIHE.Chas. C. Dupue, Wayne,
Mich.
I claim securing the spoke in position to be acted upon by means of the
pivoted dog, R, substantially as herein shown and described.
65,892.COMPOUND FOR TEMPERING STEELWilliam G.
Esser, Milwaukee, Wis.
I claim a compound for tempering steel tools, composed of the above in-
gredients in about the proportions named.
65,893.STRAW CUTrER.Willlam H. Evans, Richmond,
bud. Antedated June 13, 1867.
1st, 1 claim the rock shaft, E, slotted arm, F, pawls, 1 and 3, and spring, L,
in combination with the eccentric wheel, D, and feed roller ratchets, ,J and
K arranged and operating substantially as set forth and described.
Id, The stop, G, arm or hever, H, and rack, I, in combination with the rcck
shaft, E, as and for tile purpose set forth,
65,894--FASTENING FOR PAPER CoLLARsCharles R. Ever-
son, Palmyra, N. Y.
I claim a fastener for collars composed of plate, B,having a clasp, D, hinged
to it,and provided with a loop, G, substantially as described.
65,895.BELTING.C. J. Fay, Philadelphia, Pa.
I claim the use of and the manner of arranging paper for belts and straps,
substantially as described.
65,896.VEGETABLE LWrER.Christopher C Fellows Cen-
tre Sandwich, N. H.
I claim as my invention the new manufacture - of egg or vegetable hiltei-,
made as hereinbefore described, viz.: from one piece of wire bent at its mid-
dle, and also bent at or near its two ends in conical spirals or hehices, as set
forth.
65,897.DEvIcE FOR MEASURING LIQUIDs.Albert Fickett
and Justin C. Ware, Tiiusville, Pa.
1st, We claim the arrangement of the vessel, B, secured within the tank, A,
and used in connection with a valve and stop cock, substantially in the man
ner and for the purpose specified.
3d, In combination with the above an indicator, arranged as and foi- the
purpose specified.
65,898.VIsE.Orlando V. Flora (assignor to himself and
William A. Collins), Madison, Ind.
1st, I claim the rear jaw, D, constructed substantially as herein described,
in combination with the support, B, and slidjug bar, C, as and for the purpose
set forth.
3d, Tue front jaw, G, pivoted at its lower end to the lower end of the yen-
ticalpin, bearing the nut, F, and fitting in the vertical hole of the sliding liar,
~, as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
3d The combination and arrangement of the front jaw, G, short screw, Ii
JULY 6, 186~]
nut, F, and sliding bar, C, with each other, substantially as berein shown and
oescribed and for the purpose set forth.
4th, The combination of the key, J, with toe end of the sliding bar, C, and
with the pivoting pin oi the nut, F,substantially as herein shown and de-
scrihed and for ihe purpose set forth.
5th, The combination ot the support, B, sliding bar, C, and jaws, B and G,
with each other, substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose set forth.
65,899.CnuItN.Conrad George, Ligonier, Pa.
1st, 1 claim the combination of the double alternatiug levers, J K L, and
the partitioned churn box, A, all arranged substantially as and for the pur-
pose set forth.
2d, i claim arranging the levers. j I~ L, in a diagonal position as shown for
the purpose of bringing the working ends of the levers, K IL, over the cen-
ters of the churn divisions, A A. as and for the purpose set torib.
3d, I claim toe combination 03 the perforated dashers urovided with the
valves, R R and S S, having the movevents described, with the partition, B
furnished with the holes, b b, and beveled slits, c c, substantially as anti
for the purpose set forth.
65,900.CALIPER RrJLES.A. W. Goddard, Clinton, Mass.
1st, I claim the blades a a, when arrangedas and for thepurpose described.
2d, The combined caliper and slide gage rule, when arranged substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
65,90tLIFE-PRESERYING MATTRESSJohn Golding, New
York City.
I claim the life raft constructed as described,, consisting of the cork mat-
tresses or floats, secured together by means of the spring hooks a, and sta-
pies b, as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
65,902.WINDOW SASH.D. R. Gould, Chestertown, N.Y.
Iclaim the strips C C, secured upon the face of the sashbymeans. of screws,
in combination with the grooves dd, in the frame, as and for the purpose set
fortb.
65,903.PESSARY.W. G. Grant, Clyde, Ohio.
I claim a sponge pessary, made of conical shepe A, outside, and provided
with the hollow, B, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
65,904.FLOOR CLOTHThomas Griffin, Roxbury, Mass.
I claim a floor covering or imitation oilcloth, made substantially as herein
described.
65,905.CLOTHES DRYEII.R. Hamblin, Mishawaka, md.
I claim the combination of one or more sets or tiers of jointed radial arms
B, and the supporting or connecting wires E and For their equivalent, with
each other, and with the central shaft, A, substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose set forth.
65,906.CONVERTIBLE STOVE DOOR AND FENDERC. Har-
ris and?. W. Zoiner, Cincinnati, Ohio.
let, We claim the convertible stove door and fender, substantially as set
torib.
2d, The arrangement of convertible door and fender A B F, and hearth de-
pressions B and E, substantially as represented and described.
65,907.COMBINED MILK RACK AND FRUIT DRYEE.C. B.
and G. W. Hart, Victor, N. Y.
We claim the combined milk rack and fruit dryer, provided with loosely
pivoted slats forming the shelves, capable oc being opened or closed by the
wedge bar. beneath, the whole constructed and arranged as described, and
operating in the manner set forth.
65,908.ELEVATED RAmwAY.CharleS T. Harvey, Tarry-
town, N.Y
1st, I claim the combination 01 the rail plates or supports J J, with the rails
I, and bars M, when constructed and arranged substantially in the manner
and for fIts purpose nerein set forth.
2d, I also claim the elastic plates or springs E, in combinationwith the rails,
constructed and arranged substantially in the manner herein described.
3d, I also claim the platform frame E, with its uptight ends or flanges 0, in
combination with the rails, constructed and arranged substantially as herein
described.
65,909.ELEVATED RAILWAY.Charles T. Harvey, Tarry-
town, N. Y
1st, I claim the combination with the track of an elevaisfi railroad of an
open or transparent floor beneath the rails, so as to allow the transmission
of light to the space beneath the railroad, substantially as set forth and de-
scribed.
2d, I also claim the panels B, in th~ columns A, for the purpose of closing
the openings in the lower part of the said columns, and also to strengthen the
columns, substantially as set lorib and described.
3d, I also claim this adjustable column A, made in the divisions a b, sub-
stantially as described.
4th, I also claim the wedge-shaped rings C, or their equivalents, in com-
bination with the adjustable column A, substantially as described.
5th, I also claim the hollow supporeing columns A, in combination with an
elevated railroad, substantially as and for the purposes described.
6th, [also claim the pulleys, T, in combination with the supporting col-
umns A, substantially as and for the purposes described.
7th, I also claim the combination of the stay rods V, with the elevaid rail-
road, said stay rods connecting said railway to the buildings or other sup-
ports on the streets, and forming also awning frame supports, substantially
as set forth.
5th, I also claim a filling of wood or equivalent material, in combination
with said columns, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Sib, I also claim the water trough along the track and its discharge pipe In
combination with an elevated railway, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
65,910.CARRIAGE.JaHles Hatfield, Cleveland, Ohio
1st, I claim the centers, a, constructed with radial arms, b, in combination
with the bands,B, spoke, d, and keys, f, substantially as and for the purpose
described,
2d, The wheel B, spindle C, as arranged in combination with the stays B,
boxes E E, for the purpose and in the manner as set forth.
3d, The cross rail K, arm L, links IL, and brackets M, in combination with
the stay B, and screw G, as and for the purpose substantially as herein de-
scribed.
4th, The stay B, screw pins, I G, in combination with the spinile C, axle
tree A, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5th, The adjusting screw 0, coupling 0, and reach K, arranged substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
65,911.STEAM PuMP.William N. Henderson, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
1st, I claim the arrangement of the pump steam cylinder and housing as
described.
2d, The arrangement of a vacuum chamber enveloping the pump canal,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes represented.
Third, The arrangement of the cross-head arm E, conaseting rod, F, ec-
centric pin shaft K, and slot-headed valve stem J, when constructed and
operating conjointly in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
65,912.AMALGAMATORB. W. Howard, Warwick, R. I.
1st, I claim the stationary or fixed pan A, having its bottom provided with
radial grooves a, and an annular gutter or trough B, around its edge, in com-
bination with the rotating pan E, fitted within A, and provided at its exterior
with flanges I J, and holes h, in its upper part, and provided at its center
with an uprighihollow hub F, havIng holes g, in its lower part to admit the
pulp down between the bottoms of the two pans, all arranged substantially
as and for the purpose specifiso. -
2d, The adjustable jacket G, on the hollow hub, F, operated by the screw
H, in combination with the fixed plate K,in the pan E, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
65,913.BOLT TRIMMEII.Henry Howe, Oneonta, N. Y.
I claim the cam-shaped sharply-beveled knife C B; pivoted to and in com-
bination with the bar A B, having a hole in B to restive the object to be
trimmed by the knife C B..
65,914.FURNACE. FOR BURNING PYRITES FOR THE M~u~tu-
FACTUIIE OF SSTLPHUiIIC ACID, AND FOIl OTHER Puttroszs.John
Hughes, Edgewater, IN. Y
I claim constructing a furnace for burning pyrites or sulphurets of iron,
copper, zinc, or other metals, without the aid 01 fuel, in fits form of an in-
verted truncated cone, without grate bars, and provided with doors on the
front side, ranged one above the other from top to bottom, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
65,915.CHURN.Aaron Hnyck, Ourtown, WiS.
1st, I clam the bridge B, steppped in loops C C, and provided with the box,
F, secured by lhumh screws IL, all constructed and arranged as set forth.
2d, The- bridge B, post N, shafts E I, pinions J G, driver B, and shaft N,
constructed and-arranged as set forth.
65,916.EGG CIJTTER.FraIICiS L. King, WorceSter, MaSS.
I claim the combination of two or more cutter shafts B, having cuttersE,
attsched, with the gearing C B E, arranged and operating essentially as set
forth.
65,917.METHOD OF COVERING WHIPSGamaliel King
(assignor to himself and Charles C. Pratt), westfield, Mass.
1st, 1 claim a waterproof coating, consisting -of the ingredients herein
shown and described. -
2d, The application of the dissolved caoutcbouc, with or without the lead
and oil, to a whip, substantially as and for the purpose shown.
65,915.CULTIvATOR.Joseph Koehn, Canton, Ohio.
I claim, 1st, The frame A, with diagonal bars A A, for connecting the
shovels B B, when constructed in the manner and used for the purpose set -
forth. -
- 2d, The arrangement of the lever e, spring 1, pin z, in combination with
the axle b, rack s, for the purposes specified.
65,919.MACHINE FOR DRESSING LEArHEIt.Charles Korn,
- Wortsborough, lnd.
1st, I claim thee harpeners f and I, when arranged on a sliding block G,
either separate or in combination with the cleaner e, all made and operating
substantially as herein shown and described.
2d, The knife or knivesE, when secured obliquely upon an endless apron,
and when arraneed in combination with the obliquely set frame-F F, and
grooved block G, in such- a manner that the said block is moved by the knife,
substantially as set forth.
3d, The up and down adjustable frame F F, in combination with the slid-
ing block G, and knife or knives E, all made and operating substantially as
herein shown and described.
4th, The block G, and knife or knives E, in combination with the spring m,
and trains F F, all made and operating substantially as herein shown and
described.
5th, The knife or knives E, when arranged on an endless apron A, in com-
bination with the sliding block G, and sharpenels f and i, and cleaner e, all
made and operating substantially as herein shown and described.
65,920.FILING MACHINE.Thomas H. Lindley, Tannton,
Mass.
I claim the combination of the sliding carriages C C, supported in the ad-
justable bearings B II, and operated by the wheel i, and the adjustable table
m, supported and applied substantially in manner and for the purpose as set
forth. -
65,921.STEAM YALVE.Thomas H. Lidford, North Adams,
Mass.
I claim the arrangement of- the wedge-shaped pieces B and E, with refer-
ence to the shaft G, and collars d apd e, Mubstantially as described.
65,922.APPARATUs FOR FORMING MOLBS FOR THE PURPOSE
OF CAsTItiG METALAlbion H. Lowell, Manchester,N. H.
I claim, in combination with the pattern attached to the plunger, as set
forth, the endless chains C, the plates s, the stops or bars t u, the tube or
punch c, and the flask F, as above set forth and described ann for the pur-
pose of making molds for castings.
65,923CENTRIFUGAL MACHINE FOR DRAINING SUGAR.
AlexanderMackey, New York City.
1st, I claim the combination with the centrifugal cyhinder of a stationary
distributer, arranged within the cylinder on one 81 of it, adjacent to the
feed, and operating substantially as specified. -
3d, The stationary distributer, C constructed essentially as shown and de-
scribed, in combination with the centrifugal cylinder B, and arranged in re-
lation thereto as herein set forth.
65,924.MODE OF FORMING EMERY WHEELSC. G. Mar-
shall, Florence, Mass. -
I claim the use of concrete lime or cement in the formation of emery
wheels, substantiall as and for the purpose herein set forth.
65,925.CAR ~#HEEL-G. B. Massey, New York City.
1st, Iclaim a car wheel composed of the disk A, having the solid hub A,
with the disk B fitted to turn loosely on the hub and held thereon by the cap
C, as set forth.
2d, The car wheel, consisting of the disk B, provided with the flange e, in
combination with the disk A, having the solid hub A, said disks A and B,
hem,,, held together by means of the cap C, substantially as described.
65,926.MACHINE FOR COATING HATS. Jules Francois
Mathias and Desiro Mathurin Legat, Paris, France.
1st, We claim a machine for felting hats, made and operating substan-
tially as herein shown and described
3d, The hollow shaft K, combined and connected with the shaft H, by
means of springs H R, substantially as herein shown and described. -
3d, The beating apparatus P, in combination with the spring Q, substan-
tially as herein showunud described.
4th, The arrangement of the valve e, and passage or conduit f, in combina-
tion with the channel F and face B, all made and operating substanhially as
herein shown and described.
65,927,MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAs.George A.
Mcllhenny. Washington, B. C.
1st, I claim the prevention of the deposit of carbon in gas retorts by the
means described or by any equivalent means. -
2d, ]~ claim so arranging the pipes or tubes leading from the retort to the
hydraulic main that the mouths 01 said pipes or inbes can be sealed or un-
sealed at pleasure.
3d, I claim providing the hydraulic main of a gas factory with two or more
pipes for the escape of th~ coal tar, when said pipes are arranged at different
bights and provided with cocks so that the liquid contents of the main may
be made to occupy a higher or. lower level therein, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
65,925-IDENTIFYING Box.Levi T. McNieley, Danville, Mo
I claim an identifying box conseructed substantially in the form herein de-
scribed, for the purpose of identifying and aiding in the securing of lost ani-
mals and goods. -
65,929.WEATHER STRH.Isaac H. McOmber, El Paso, Ill.
I claim the arrangement of the false rim C, with the grooved door cleats
H H, and the strip B, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
65,930.METHOD OF ADJUSTING RoLLERs.Samnel M. Me-
cutchen, Philadelphia, Pa.
I claim the arrangement, substantially as described, of the wedges, sliding
bearing b, and set screw f, with a rolling mill, fof the purnose specified.
65,931.BRICK MACHINE.JOnathan Mills, Des Moines,
Iowa, assignor to himself, Lewis J Brown Charl
Van Lutheran. . - , Cs S.Spofford, andRenry
1st,. I claim the horizontal pug tub or mill, constructed and arranged sub-
stantially as described, in relatlon to the mold wheel and the other parts of
the machine, substantially as herein shown and described.
3d, I claim dropping back the follower or relieving the brick of pressure,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
3d, I claimihe arrangement, substantially as shown and described, by which
the apron is operated, as and for the purpose set forth. -
65,932.STUD FAsTENING.Benjamln Moser and David
Yellott, Brooklyn, N.Y.
We claim the fastening for buttons, etc., herein described, the same consist-
ing of the arms B Di, and spring or other suitable catch, substantially as
specified.
65,933.LAMP BURNER.GeOFge Neilson, Boston, Mass.
I claim the combination with the jacketed wick tube and rack for adjusting
the wick of the cap or deck forming the base of the jacket above the aper-
tures through which the rack pin passes, such deck being depressed so as to
constitute a cup which gathers and holds the condensed vapor around and
against the wick tube, as and for the purposes herein described. -
65,934.TANNING CoMIoUND.William H. Newby, Sey-
mour, Ind.
I claim the tanning liquid composed of the ingredients in or about the pro-
portions substantially as described
65,935.LAMI.E. D. Norton, Bradford, Pa.
I claim a safety -Valve constructed and applied substantially as and for the
purpose described.
65,936.MELODEON, ETC.AmOS Nudd, Wanpun, Wis.
I claim in combination with the keyboard of a melodeon, or similar rded
instrument, the sounding box C, arranged as shown and described.
65,937.ROCKING -CHAIR ABID TRUNK.ThOmaS Nyc, West-
- brook, Me.
1st, I claim the movable back a, and folding arms, b, operating as described
and for the purposes specified.
3d, The rockers s n, when constructed so as to fold up and also to fold into
the recess, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3d, The drops e, to hold upright the part h, of the back in the manner
and for the purposes set tortb.
4th, The double cover mx, when applied to the trunk body to close the
recess, substantially as and for the purposes described.
65,935.CULTIVATOR.LOrenzo D. Pelton and Joseph Bar-
row (assignors to themselves and Alexis Green), Harrison, Ohio
1st, We claim a mode of construction whereby the wheels and secondary
beamB,may be detached, and bymeans of auxiliary bolt holes c, in the han-
oles C, and in the sheaths at c, the handles lowersd to a convenient bight to
be mangaged by an operator on foot.
3d, In combination with the elements of the clause immediately preced-
ing, we claim the provision of the described mechanism for lifting the
plows from the ground, either temporarily to pass an obstacle, J J, or
more permanently to allow of moving the implementon a road or otherwise,
F F H h and I, add the position of the seat, which enables the driver to con-
trol these levers and manage the plow handle.
65,939.MACHINE FOR PRODUCING BLAST IN GAS CARBU-
itETEit5 AND OTHER ArrAacAvus.E. A. Pond and-M. S. Richardson, Rut-
land Vt
let, We claim a vessel or case divided into two compartments, communi-
cating with each other at or near the bottom 01 the vessel.
3d, A hollow shalt or arbor passing through the two compartments, hav-
ing mounted upon the sides of the dividing partition a series of convolute
tubes, and provided on the other side with one or more pertorations, the
said shaft being connected with suitable mechanism for rotating it. -
3d, One or more suitable valves for the admission of air, and pipes for the
discharge of the compressed air or gas.
65,940. MACHINE FOR HEADING CARTRIDGE CASESTim-
othy I. Powers, (assignor to J. P. Fitch and J. R. Van Vechien), N. Y. City.
1st, I claim in cartridge heading machines the combination with the header
J, and shell mandrel or series of shell mandrels, h, arranged aiid operating
together substantially in the manner described, of the sectional or divided
die N arranged to gripe or close round the shells on the mandrel or man-
drels before and whilst the shell is being upset anti headed, and afterwards
to open for release of the latter, essentia a s ecified.
3d, The combination with the shell enandr Is and header of an automatic
gage or shell adjuster, arranged so as to set the closed end of the shell to its
proper position relatively to the upper or outer end of the mandrel in ad-
vance of the action of the header upon the shell, substantially as and br the
purpose herein specified.
3d, In combination with a series of shell mandrelt and suitable header, a
shell take-off, K, constructed to operitte essentially as described or in any
other equivalent manner.
4th, The combination of the vertical slide, E, divided or sectional die, N N,
and header, J, with the locking and unlocking devices operating upon the
sectional die, all constructed and arranged substantially as and for the pur-
pose herein set forth.
5th, The fixed way, M, in combination with the lever, q, for closing the sec-
tional die -by the movement of the slide, E, which carries the said die, sub-
stantially as described.
6th, The slide, IL, and stop, o, in combination with each other, and with the
levers, q, for opening the die and moving it out of the way of the header, es-
sentially as herein set forth.
- 65,941.FORGING APPARATUS.JOIIR Price, N. Y. City.
1st, I claim the combination with the hammer head of a rack spring and
sliding catch, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. -
3d, Operating the sliding catch J, by means of the lever, g, which con-
nects and disconnects the power #or driving the hammer, the said lever, g,
being connected for that purpose to the sliding catch, J, by the arm, a, rock
shaft, b, arm, e, and connecting rod or link, I, or by their equivalents in such
a manner that the said sliding catch, J. will be thrown inward to catch the
hammer when the power is disconnected and drawn out to release the ham-
mer when the power is applied by the lever, g, sobstantially as and br the
purpose set forth.
65,942.MACHINE FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING.Thomas
Prosser, New York City.
1st, I claim the combination of the wheels, s 5, pawhs, u u, friction wheels,
p h. and screw, I, with the reciprocating carriage for establishing an auto-
matic feed motion, lubstantially as described.
3d, The reciprocating carriage, F, with its frame or vise, G, made adjusta-
ble thereon, parallel or angularly to the axis of the grinding wheel in the
manner described.
~3d, The friction gear wheels, b p, made adjustable as regards their hind
ing action, one upon the other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth
65,943.BRICK KILN.Stephen D. Rader, Williamsport, Pa.
I claim the peculiar construction and arrangement of furnaces, B B and C
C, when used in conneclion with the kiln, A, as and for the purpose speci-
-fled.
65,944.ESCAPEMENT FOR TIME-PntCEs.Herman Reinecke,
New York City. Antedated June 15, 1867.
I claim pallets, p p, mounted on the oscillating arbor, h, in combination
with the lever, C, lifting spring, f, pins, d 5 g c, and balance, B, all constructed
I and operating substantially as and for the purpose described.
65,945.SECTIONAL MOLDS FOR PUTTING UP BUILDINGS
OF CONCRETE AND OTHER MATERIAas.J~ohn R. Richards, Mount Joy,
Pa., assignor to himseif and Alfred IL. Mennez, Cbeveland, Ohio.
I claim a series of sectional molds, A B, for the outer face, and another se-
ries, H I, for the inner face of walls, in combination with the door, window
13
boxing, M N, strips, K, dovetaihed joists, J j, all atranged substantially as
united by flanges, F, in the manner shown and deseribed.
In combination with my sectional molds, I also claim the open interstices
when made for the admission of carbonic acid gas for the purpose specified.
I also claim the proportions specined for making the composition when in-
troduced bctween sectional molds, in the manner and for the purpose set
forth.
65,946.APPARATUS FOR TEMPERING STEEL PLATES.
Christopher Richardson, Newark, N. J.
1 claim the combination of the plates, C and B, with the screw or screws.
K, and the heated chamber, U, or their equivalents, when combined and
operated substantially as and for the purpose described.
65,947. HAND SAW FR~R.Christopher Richardson,
Newark, N. J.
I claim the improved method of holding saws in metallic saw frames, sub-
stantially as shown and described.
65,948.MACHINE FOR COATING PAPER WITh MUCILAGE,
ETCHenry R. Rile, (assignor to Asa L. Shipman), New York City.
I claim a machine for coating paper, etc., in which are combined a frame
carrying a series of brushes whether one or more in number a platform or
table and a reservoir or receptacle for the liquid to be applied ly the brushes
when all are combined and arranged -together so as to operate substantially
as described.
65,949.-BURGLAR ALARM.Henry B. Bobbins, Baltimore,Md.
I claim the combination of the frame, A, spring piston hammers, B B, lever
catch, N, hinged trigger, B d, and spring, g, constructed and operating sub-
stantially as describefi and represented.
65,950.DoulILE SEAMING MACHINE.J. Rupp, (assignor to
himself and Frederick Kiseser) ,New York City.
let, I claim the movable slide, d, carrying the supporting plate f, in com-
bination with the disk, A, constructed, arranged and operating sulistantially
as and for the purpose described.
3d, The arrangement of three or more cone rollers, I, in the annular rim
H, in combination with the rising and falling disk, A, constructed, arranged
and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Third, The clamping roller, p, in combination with the burring roller, o,
and disk, A, constructed, arranged and operating substantially as and for the
purpose described.
65,951.LocoMoTlvll ENGINES.S. Samuels, Mott Haven,
N. II., and W. J. Brassingion, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignors to themselves,
William Pitt, and W. B. Burtueti.
1st, We claim the combination with the tank of a locomotive engine ten-
der of an air pump so arranged as to admit of being worked by the engine
for the production of a vacuum in said tank, substantially as herein set forth.
3d, The combination with a locomotive engine and its tender ole pump so
arranged as to serve either purpose at pleasure of exhausting air Irom the
tank to facilitate the supply of water to the latter, or of forcing water from
the tank into the boiler, substantially as herein set forth. -
3d, In combination with the water suppy pipe, B, and its stop cock, d, the
air pipe, B, connected with the pipe, B, in Iront dr the said cock, d, essen-
tially as shown and described.
65,952.---CUTLERY.---William SanderSon, New York City.
I claim a handle formed of a metallic frame, cast with or ri~idly united to
the bolster, and scales or side pieces, substantially as described-
65,953.APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AIR TO LIFE-BOATS.
Peter F. Scheuck, Riceville, N. J. -
I claim an apparatus consisting of tubee containing ball valves of different
specific gravity, adapted to operate in combination with a closed life-boat,
for the purpose of admitting fresh air therein and excluding water there-
from, substantially as described.
65,954.WOOD PLANING MAcHINE.Frederick Schmidt,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
I claim the elongated gains or depressions, 5 e, in the two parts of a divided
cutter, to enable the said parts to be set out in opposite directions, substan-
tially as and for the purposes set forth.
65,955.MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FEATHERS.F
Emil Schmidt, Hoboken, N. J.
I claim ornamental feathers which have been colored in a printing press,
and which are treated substantially as herein shown and described.
65,956.COMPOSITION FOR ROOFING, PAVEMENTS, WALLS,
Doors, AND OTHER SvRUovuisEs.John See, Baltimore, Md.
let, I claim the composition formed of the materials named, substantially
as and for the purposes herein specified
3d, Iron ore turnings, borings, or filings in combination with hydraulic ce-
ment for the formation of roofing, pavements, walls, docks, water bricks,
pipes, and other structures, substantially as and for the purposes herein spec-
ified.
65,957.INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING SHEET METAL CANS.
Frederick Seymour, Nashville, Teun
I claim the new article of manufacture, coneistiug of the guard, F, in the
described combination with the shaft, A, handle, B, elbow, C, point, B, and
cutter, F, whether stationary or adjustable.
65,958.ICE PITCHERMichael Simons, Middletown, Ct.
I claim the inside bottom, P, and the outside bottom, G, with its devicee.
H and IL, when arranged and constructed as herein described and for the
purpose set iorth. -
65,959.FRUIT LADDERDaniel C. Smith, Adrian, Mich.
I claim a fruit ladder as shown and described with bars, H, braces, P, and
handle, U, as setforthin the specification and drawings; and in combination.
I claim, secondly, the support, N, or any thing substantially Its equivalent
br the purposes set forth and described. -
65,960.WASHING MACHINE.AbraIR C. Stannard, Rock
County, Wl~.
let, I claim straight edged eccentrics, J and J, when made substantially as
described and used to bold the working mechanism, I, P and K, of a washing
machine to any desired altitude within the washing machine box, A, and the
whole combined and operated substantially as and for the purposes described.
3d, The general arrangement 01 box, A, rollers, ~, arranged in frame,R,
wash-board, Q, and operating frame work, M, P, J, K, and 11, kept to any de-
sired altitude by means of the straight-edged eccentrics, J and J, when the
whole are constructed, arranged and operated substantially as and for the
purposes described.
65,961.CULTIVATORU. T. Stewart, Fayette Co., Tenn.
I claim the arrangement of the sprin., sword, F, F, and the combination of
bobs and scrapers, B, B, two of the scrapers being chopping scrapers, B,
g
,so as to perform the work above specified.
65,962.CYLINDER PRESS FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM FISH.
J. G. Stoddard and B. F. Gallup, Groton, Coon.
We claim the arrangement and combination of the cylinders, C and B, the
apron, B, the hopper, F, and the scraper or chute, G, substantially as de-
scribed and for the purposes herein set forth.
3d, I claim the recesses, b, in combination with the cylinders, C and B, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes specified.
65,963.SLEEPING CARs.John Swan, Baltimore, Md.
I claim in a railway car of a series of state rooms, provided with side pass-
age and independent ventilation, the combination and arrang ement of reser-
voir pipes. H, H, and basins, G, in the state rooms, as and for the purpose
specified. -
65,964.BED BOTTOM.T. P. Thompson, Charlestown, Mass.
I claim the combination -with the slotted cylindrical sockets and springs
contained within the same, 01 slats having heads or knobs on their end, fit-
ting into the side sockets under the arrangement described, so that while the
said slats are capable of a free vertical play, their beads shall at all times be
held within the said sockets as specified.
65,965.TooLs FOR JEWELING WATCHES.D. B. Tiffany,
Xenia, Ohio.
let, I ctalm an adjustable arm through which the cutters work, secured to
either side of the vise,substantlahW as and for purposes set forth and described.
3d, An adjustable arm, d, provided with a set screw, a, and secured to the
side of the opposite to the former, substantially as and for this purposes set
forth
3d, The combination of the two adjustable arms with circular tap, e, and
nut g, operating asand for the purposes specified.
65,966.SoRGHUM STRIPPER.GeOrge Tollinger, Wrights-
dale, Pa.
I claim the construction and arrangement of the ring-plate, C, and braces
B, B, supporting the scraper blades, a, a, a, a, which are secured to the yield-
ing spring braces, d, d, d, d, the whole being attached to the board or plank
A, all in combination operating substantially in the manner herein described
for thepurposes setbortb. -
65,967.FUHNAcEs.C. W. Trotter, (assignor Gommengin-
ger & Trotter,) Rochester, N. Y. -
let, I claim the peculiar construction of the main body, A, in connection
with the inner body, a, with.triiagular flues. n, n, n. n, n, all in the manner
and for the purj ose herein described.
3d, 1 claim a double radiator, C, connections, o, 0 and double damper, k
and 1, with rod, m, also two tiers of smoke pipes, ci, d, d, and 5, 5, e, all in
the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
65,968.ROLLERS FOR ROLLING OLD RAILs.J. P. Ferree
and W. A. Mitchell, Philadephia, Pa.
We claim in three high rolls series of grooves in each roll, shaped substan-
tially as described. -
We also claim grooves of the particular form represented by Figures 1 and
2, produced respectively by the conjunction of the groove - of one roll with
the groove of another.
65,969.CHIMNEY CowL.Jobn A. Waggoner, Kilgore, 0.
I claim the wings, A, plate, B, and sides, N, when constructed and arranged
in combination with a chimney, as and for the purpose set forth.
65,970.BEDSTEAD FASTENING.J. B. Wardwell, George-
town,B.C. -
I claim the mortise plate constructed with a rotating side to close upon the
neck of the dovetail tenon of the rail, and to open to permit the withdrawal
of the tenon, substantially as described.
65,971.RING SPINNING FRAME.JOSeph W. Wattles, Can-
- tonMase.
I claim as my improvement ip the ring spinning frame, or machine, the
application of the ring, B, to its en p port rail, A, in euch manner that while
the spinning of the yarn or thread and the winding of it upon the bobbin,
may be in the act ot taking place, the ring may be free to be moved and cen-
tralized with respect to the bobbin, by the draft of the yarn on the traveler.
I also claim the combination of the screws, g, and the elols, f, or their
equivalent, with the ring and its rail and with the ring socket, so formed as
to allow the ring to play diametrically as and for the purpose est forth, the
purpose of such screws and slots being as herein before explained.
65,972.HINGES FOR LAMP BURNERS.Wm. Webb, (assignor
to the Scovihle Manufacturing Co.), Waterbury, Coon.
I claim the hinge,A, having one of its leaves provided with a projecting
rest or stop-piece, B, and made substantially as herein described and for the
purpose specified.
65,973.PRINTERS ThK.M. Weissberger, St. Paul, Minn.
I slaim the printers ink above described, compounded and usod substan-
tially as and for the purposes specified.
[5ULY (3, 1867.
O5~974.--GATE.-S. II. Wheeler, Dowagiac, Mich.
1st I claim the f-ame,E, with its rocker, A, in combination with the revolv-
ing post, D, as and for the purpose herein specified.
2d, The combination of the frame, E, with the gate and its posts and the
cleat, x. or its equivalent, as and for the purpose set forth.
65,975:BED BOTTOM.ChIIS. W. White, Cincinnati, Ohio.
I claim the combined arrangement of the two sets of transverse slats, A
and C, the springs, B, siderails, B I), and screws, E, as and tor the purposes
set forth.
65,976.SEED AND GUANO PIJANTER.ThOmaS W. White
Milledgeville, Ga.
I claim, 1st, the drum, G, having the internal movable disk, T, bearing the
teeth, t, t, and adjusted by set screws or their equivalent, substantially 55
and for the purpose descrihed.
2d, The saw, H, attached to the drum, G, substantially as and br the pur-
pose described.
3d, The bottom plate, N, substantially as described.
4th, The hinged block, K, operated by the cam, L, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
5th, Toe combination and arrangement of the drum, G, the movable disk,
T, the hinged block, K with the flexible bag attached to it, and th& cam, L,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
65,977.MANUFACTURE OF HARVESTER GUARD FINGERS.
W. N. Wit iteIe~, Jr., Jerome Fassler, and 0. S. Kelly, Springdeld,Ohio.
We claim. st, Guard fingers for harvesting machines made by the process
and order of manufacture berein described.
2d, A harvester guard finger composed of a central portion or core of soft
iron and its entire outer skin or surface of hardened steel, substantially as
and for tbe purpose set forth.
65,978.NIPPLE SHIELDC. H. and J. M. Wilder, New
York City.
We claim, 1st, The arrangement of a screen, a, in combination with the
nipple shield, A, substantially as and for the purpose described
2d, The adjustable slide, C, in combination with the screen, a. and nipple
shield, A, substantially as and for the purpose described.
65,979.CLOTHES DRYER.HoSea Willard, Vergennes, Vt.
I calm the securing 01 the clothes bars, B, in the stirrups, c, of the bracket
by means or oblong staples, d, or their equivalents, to admit of the longitu-
dinal adjustment 01 the bars mu the stirrups, substantially as and for the pur-
pose specified.
65,980.SPEING HINGE.Alvah Wiswall, New York City.
I claim the spring, B, combined with the bar, E, arm, C, provided with a
friction fohler, a, and the hinge, all arranged to h
stantiahly as show and described, operate in t e mannsr sub-
65,981.MECHANICAL POWERA. B. Wood (assignor to him-
self, W. W. Wood. and W. H. Wood), Hamburg, Ark.
I claim the interpostion 01 intermediate mechanical parts or gearing be-
tween the point of direct application of power and the point at which an in-
crease of power is attained and applied br the purpose 01 increasing the cmi-
pacity of power of any given motor, engine or machine, when the same is
effected substantially In themanner and by the means herein described.
65,982.BRUsH.E. J. Worcester (assignor to himself and
Win S. Porter~, Wo meeter, Mass.
I claim, 1st, The combination of handle, G, and back,B,with a removable
metal connection p ieee or socket such as described, which can be readily ap-
plied to either end of the back of the brush without injuring or defacing the
same, for the purposes stated.
3d, The combination of the back, B, and handle, C, with the bent metal
socket or connection piece, E, and flanges, a a, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
65,983.WAGON BRAKE.G. S. Ziegenfuss, Doylestown, Pa.
I claim, 1st, The brace, F, in combinationwith the lock bar, E, and bolts, f,
or their respective equivalents, substantially as described.
2d, Tmte pole, H, carrying the lever, K, and rack, h, in combination with
the cord, K, pulleys, L 1, and lock bar, E. or their respective equivalents,
substantially as described.
3d, The combination of two or more independent brakes applied to a
wagon or other vehicle, adjusted so as to be brought Into play etcher sepa-
rately or together, substantially as described.
6S,984.1NKIEG APPARATUS FOR PRINTING PRESSE5.G. W.
Wood, Richmond, Ind.
I claim, first, sector plates, E, El, El, adjustably arranged In sets for trans-
FOR SALETHREE SECOND-HAND
PRINTING OFFICES, each with press and material
complete. PricesNo. 2, $27.13; No. 4, $125; No. 6, $333.
Also one Gilem Rotary Press, bed SxlO inches, price $75.
Address C. C. THURSTON,
1*] Pawtucket, R. I.
17~ UNCHING NUTS, CUTTING BOLTS,
I.. and Heading Bolts, Spikes, etc.
WantedCuts, description of machinery, or process
best adapted to the above work. Address (sending mu du-
plicate) JAMES HADLEY,
1 2*] Care of New York P. 0. Box No, 3,517.
THE CELEBRATED J. B. BABBITT OR
Anti-friction Metal, as made br over 30 years (can
be used over anti over again without becoming thick by
remehting) always on haitfi and for sale cheap by the man-
ufacturer, JOS. W. BAKER,
1 3*] 531 North Second 51., Philadehphis, Pa.
ferring the Ink from thie fountains and disposing the colors or bands upon the
type rollers,
3d, The combination upon one shaft of the sector plates and cam wheels,
C C.
3d, The combiimatlon of the ink fountain rollers, a corresponding number
of sector plates and a type inking or other receiving roller or rollers.
65,985. WINDING WATCHESC. V. W oerd (assignor to the
American Watch Company), Waltham, Mass.
I claim a keyhaving a screw formed upon its shank to work into a screw
thread formed in the watch pendant, or in a nut inserted in the pendant, sub-
stantially as shown and described
I also claim brining a key to be directly connected with and disconnected
from the pendants, with its means of attachment integral with or projecting
irom the shank, substantially as shown and described.
Also, the combination of the nut; r, amid key, B, arranged substantially as
set forth.
Also, making the block or nut, through which the key extends, movable
vertically as and for the purpose substantially as described.
65,986.--Hoop SKIRT.Abraham Trager, New York, N. Y.
claim the use of ribbed or corrugated wires for hoop skirts, either with
or without any klnd of coating or covering, as herein described.
REISSUES,
2,647.M& cHINE FOR MAKING NAILS AND TACKSOlin L.
Bassett, T. E. Bearse and W.B.Wilber. TauntonMass. Patented Out, 9,1863.
1st, We claim the combination of a carrier or bearer for the tack blank
wltlm any one of the cutters, be they more dr less in number, used for cutting
the tack blanks, when arranged so as to operate substantially in the manner
and for the purpose specIfied.
3d. The carrier or bearer for conveying the tack blanks to the die to be
headed, In combination with a forks fi or other suitable lever, arranged with
regard to the said carrier and so as to operate upon it and with the cutter,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
3d, The lever, S. pivoted to either a fixed or movable fulcrum, in combina-
tion with the carrier, Q, cam shaft, B, forked lever, Y, and cutter, substan-
tially as described for the purpose specified.
2,650.REVOLVING FIEE-~utM.Wm. II. Elliot, Plattsbnrg,
N.Y. Patented May 29, 1s60.
1st, 1 claim a fire-arm with revolving barrels which are bored through and
chambered so as to be charged at the breech and sustained by two supports,
to wit, one point of support being at the center of the breech plate, or at time
rear of the breech-loading chambers, and the other forward of said chambers,
such construction of barrels and supports obviating the use of a pin jinassing
through the cluster of barrels, of sufficient sirengtb alone to support the
same, substantially as set forth.
3d, The arrangement of support, n, in the rear of all the barrels, and sup-
gort~ n, in front of all the barrels, in combination with a series of revolving
arrels which are bored through at thir rear ends, br the purpose of being
charged at the breech, suhstantiahly as set forth.
3d, The employment of a hammer arranged as specified in relation to the
barrels,when used independent of a breech pin or nipple, and in combination
with chambers bom-ed through at their rear ends, and with a breech plate,
substantially as specified.
4th, The combination of a wedge or cam, j, with a fly, f, for raising the
hammer. substantialhy as specified.
2,651.FAGoT FOR RAILROAD RAILS.JOhn Price and Win.
Lewis, Danville, Pa. Patented Oct.28, 1862.
We claim a form or formed piece for a fagot to be rolled Into a railroad
rail with flanges forming part of the form piece, projecting downward Irom
each side or edge thereof, and over both sides or edges of the layer or layers
directly beneath It, said form piece being Intended for the bead or tread of
the rail and the layer or layers specified to the body thereof, substantially as
and for the purpose shown and described.
VS e also claim a railroad rail made from a fagot constructed substantially
as above set orth.
2,652.CLOTHES WRINGER.AIrn Jane Sargeant, adminis-
tratrix of the estate 01 1. A. Sargeant, deceased. Dayton, Ohio, assignor
to Sylvenue Walker, Newark; N. J. Patented July 27, 1858.
let, I claim Ihe yoke, B, provided with a suitable hitching arm, the said
yoke being adapted to be temporarily attached to a wash tub or reaoily dis-
connected therefrom as explained, and employed as a bearing for a rotary
clamp for wringing clothes.
3d. In the described connection with the yoke, B, the movable clamp, H I
J K L, and pawi and dog, P Q, by means of which the said clamuap is retained
within the yoke, or may be readily renmoved therefrom at will, to be cleaned
or dried.
FOR SALE OR TO LET.THE SUB-
scriber will sell or rent his BRICK FACTORYtwo
Stories and basementwith Steam Engine, Boiler, and
Shafting; also Gilding and Solderin*- Furnaces, Gilding
pole, and Japan Oven, all in good order. The main build-
ing is 60x32 feet; office 23x22~ also an out-building ad-
joining, 60x15. Inquire at the factory.
1*] E. ROBINSON, Waterbury, Coun.
MONKEYS AND GORILLAS
foty engraved illustrations, with descrIptions
of their peculiarities, showIng many varieties of this
species; opinions of Cuvier, Darwin, Huxley, Agaseiz,
anecdotes, etc., in the July Pmctorial Phrenological Jour-
nal. 30 cents, or $3 a year. Newsmen have It 1 3
LABORATORY
OF
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY,
Directed
By
Prol. H. DUSSAUCE, Chemist. -
Advices and Consultations on Chemistry applied to Arts
and Manufactures, Agriculture, Metallurgy, Pharmacy,
etc. Plans of Factories, Drawings of Apparatus, Analysis,
Commercial Assays of every kind. The following are the
principal arts on which he can be consulted:
Chemicals, Tanning, Inks,
Acids, Metallurgy, Varnishes,
Alkalies, Galvanoplamier, Starch,
Phosphorus, Gilding, Sugar,
Bleaching powder, Plating, Petroleums,
Matches, Powder, Glues,
Candles, Salipeter, Gas,
Soaps, B etihlation, Colors,
Oils, Wines, Agriculture,
Dyeing, Liquors, Ceramicus arts,
Calico Printing, Beers, Perfumery,
Bleaching, Starch, Photography.
Analysis and Commercial Assays of
Ores, Soaps, Wines,
Manures, Greases, Plants,
Soils, Liquors Waters, etc.
For consultations, advice, Information, plans, anylysis,
commercial assays, experiments, etc.,
Address
Prof. H. DUSSAUCE, Chemist
1] New Lebanon, 1t~. Y.
3d, In the described connection with a rotary clamp for wringing clothes,
tIme hinged and yielding hitching arm, E, br the purposes explained.
2,653.CORSET SKIRT SUPPORTER.J. H. Foy and L. H.
Foy, Boston, Mess., assignees by mesne assignments 01 Livinia H. Foy.
Patented Sept. 15, 1863. DivIsion 1.
let, We claim the binding cloth cut bias as describedin combination with the
exterior or outer edge of the rim, L, to which the binding cloth is applied as
specified, whereby all gatbering is avoided, while a corded appearance and a
case for the hoop, M, are produced, substantially as set forth.
3d, The combination of laced openings, K K, or either of them, with the
fromut partof the body, I, of a corset open in front, substantially as set forth.
3d, lbs body, I, open mu froot and adjustable both in fl-out and the back by
means of laced openings, substantially as shown and described.
4th, FormIng the curve for the hoop and corded edges, 0 and P, for the
same piece of bias cut cloth, as shown and described.
2,654.CORSET SKIRT SUPPORTER.J. H. Foy and L. H.
Foy, Boston, Mass., assignees by meene assignments of Livinia H. Foy.
Patented Sept. 15,1863. Division 2.
let, We claim protecting and securing the ends of the stiffeners, whale-
bones or springs, which are inserted in pockets in the body of corseis, by
by means of cape, p the body, flange, and spurs of each of which confine the
eriflener or spring in position and prevent its wearing through the fabric,
substantially as set forth.
3d, Protecting and securing the ends of the stiffeners, whalebones, or
springs, which are inserted in pockets in this body of a corset by means of
metal caps applied to the outside to prevent the said stifleners from wearing
through the fabric, substantially as described.
2,655.SEWING MACHINE.James E. A. Gibbs, Midway, Va.
Patented Aug. 10, 1858.
I claim the general arrangement of a sewing machine comprising the parts
whereby the sewing mechanism is brought into operative relation, substan-
tially as herein shown and described, that is to say, combining with the vi-
brating needle arm a frame shaped substantially like the roman letter G, us
herein shown and described and for the purposes set forth.
I also claim so constructing and combining or arranging and operating a
revolving hook or looper with a reciprocating needle as that one loop sisall
be taken from the needle after the former loop shall have been drawn up,
on, along, or over the needle during its advance movement in the manner
and for the purpose substantially as deecrlbed.
I also claim the conical sleeve or its equivalent, for holding the spool and
for revolving therewith, In combination with the adjustable cones, F and G,
or their equivalents, for producing the requisite degree of friction upon the
conical sleeve spool holder, when constructed and arranged so as to operate
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
2,656.WEAVING CORDED FABRICS.WHi. Smith, New Yoi-k
City. Patened April 5, 1855. Extended seven years.
I claim the process herein specified of weaving, consisting in the use of
stationary warps in combination with the moving warps and filling that form
a fabric on sach side of such stationary warps, substantially es set forth.
DESIGNS.
2,674.PLOW CLEVIS.G. P. Darrow (assignor to James L.
Haven & Co.), Cincinnati, Ohio.
2,675.CLOCK CA5E.A. C. Felton, Boston, Mass.
2,676.COMBINED HAMMER, TACK DRAWER, WRENCH, ETC.
Anthony Iske, Lancaster, Pa.
2,677.SOLDIERS MONUMENT. Dayton Morgan, Chili-
cothe, Ohio.
2,678.POST-OFFICE BALANcE.W. W. Reynolds, Brandon
Vt., assignor to the Howe Scale Comproy.
2,679.COUNTER SCALE.W. W. Reynolds Brandon
assignor to the Howe Scale Company. Vt.,
2,680.COOKS STOVE.Samnel Saylor, Philadelphia, Pa.,
assignor to Francis Buckwalter sib Co., Royers Ford, Pa. Antedated
June 4, 1867.
2,681.TEA OR COFFEE PoT.Geo. Jones, Saugerties, N. Y.
B RAUNS BASKET GRATE
FURNACE,
For Burning Pea and Dust Coal, and other fine material.
Illustrated in Scientific American, Issue 01 May 25, 1867.
THE SMOKELESS FURNACE,
ForBurning Bituminous Coal wIthout smoke. lllustrated
in the American Journal of Mining, Issue of May 25, 1867.
THE REFLECTING ARCH WARM-AIR
FURNACE,
For Burning Pea and Nut Coal. Illustrated In the Ameri-
can Artizan, Issue of June 12, 1867.
The Patents for the above Furnaces are the property
of The Fuel Saving Furnace Co., of No. 205 Bradway,
New York, who are ready to negotiate with respons his
parties, on favorable terms, br the introduction of said
furnaces In the various States. Address
WILL1AM ENNIS, President, or
J. W. COLE, Secretary,
25 cuteow] No. 205 Broadway, New York,
FABRICATION OF VINEGAR.
Prof. H. DUSSAUCE, Chemist, is ready to furnish
the most recent methods of manufacturing Vinegar
by the slow and quick processes, with and without al-
cohoh, directly from corn. Also, process to manufacture
can ne vinegar and acetic acid by distillation of wood. Methods
of assaying vinegars. Address
milk chamber 1*1. New Lebanon, N. Y.
ant additional _______________________________________________
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OLMSTEADS
ED SPRING-TOP OILER,
AL WAYS RIGHT SIDE UP I!
The cheapest, most ourable, and most conven-
ient Oiler made. Sold everywhere. Address, for
Ii circular, .1. H. WHITE,
1*] Sole Manufacturer, Newark, N. J.
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the Portrait.- Character, and Biography of Mr. Ed-
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PATENTEES & DEALERS
Brass and Tin Small Wares of all descriptions to
order. Articles of umerit made and introduced to the
Trade on favorable terms. J. H. WHITE,
1*] 157 Chestnut street, Newark, N. J.
1? VERY CARPENTER AND BUILDER
Lid will save time and material byneing Robert Riddells
nesy work on construction, just Issued by.
1 HOWARD CHALLEN, Philadelphia
SAVE YOUR
OILCLOTH
AED
STAlRS.
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Manufacturer of Stair
~f HE Celcbrated Thomas Engine Lathes Rods.
are sold by JAMES JENKS, Detroit, Michm. I 6~
M ACHINERYFOR SALE.
One engine lathe, 24 inch ewing, 14 foot bed; also,
one 20 inch swing, 5 foot bedboth Putnam make. One
18 inch ewing, 8 foot bed, and one Planer, 20x15 inches, 5
foot long, both made by New York Steam Engine Com-
pany. One lathe 25)f inch ewing, 12 foot bed; one 27 inch
swing, lb foot bed, new, of our own make. One planer,
will plane iS foot, i6xb6, nearly new, our own make. Two
5 foot, 24x24 inch planers, new, and 1 10-foot 45x36 in.
do., new, of our own make. For full particulars, etc.,
address STEPTOR MoFA LAN CO.,
1 2] Cincinnati, Ohio.
EMINENT CLERGYMEN. ReV. Drs.
Eaton, Sears, Fuller, Wesicoit, Dowling, Williams,
Smith, Trumbull, Spurgeomi, and Revs. Sidney A, Corey,
Thos. Arinitage, Is. M. Gailaher, W. H. Pendleton, etc.,
with portraits, in the July Pictorial, Double No. Phreno-
logical JournalbO cents, or $3 a year. 1 2
M ODELSand all kinds of Brass Work
made at J. GAlES, 5 Gold et., near Maiden Lane.
1 4eow
T OMANUFACTURERSThe under-
dersugned desires to enter into an agreement with
some comeedent, responsible party, for the manufacture
of his Patent Artificial Leg, or will sell the entire right if
desired. I or further particulars afidrem
rf T. E. M. WHITE, B ew Bedford, Mass.
E ~O
S~ENCIL CUTTERS MATERIALS.
L.H.PAYN, Payns Block, Church st.,Burhington,Vt.
7
I,
can
sire
and
any
QUAKER COURTSHIP AND MAR-
riage CeremonyHow it is done, Over the River;
Origin of Vegetable Life; a Pocket Kingdom; The Turk-
ish Bath: Memory, as affected by Tobacco; The Spirit of
the Age ; Studies in Physiognomy; Mrs. Wyllys on Ex-
travagance ; What is eloquence Oratory explained, in
July Pictorial Double No. Phrenological Joutnal; 30 cis;
$3ayear. 12
See H OW TO RESTORE STEEL THAT
Id Gentle- has been over heated, to harden anvIls, 50 cts. How
to straighten circular saws that have been sprung for $1.
12 address C. C. SPRAGUE, Nevinvihle, Iowa.. 1 2~
COOLER
The cut rej
A
liii ~
A. LMAXWELL, Howe Truss
I7ITANTEDTo make an arrangement
VV with a live man in every county, who wishes to
make money and can give good references. No capital
required. Will sell a business now paying $1,500 per
month, and rely on profits for my pay. Address
1 2*] C. C. TILTON, Pittsburgh,Pa.
P FOR AGEN~
1 and the TNV
r-PO
ORKERS OP
141
15
JULY 6, ~
A NEW VOLUME, ENLARGED AND1
IMPROVEDWith the present number of the
Islustrated Phrenological Journal the 4lth volume com-
mences. It contains 40 quarto pages, and 70 engravings
of men, women, monkeys and gorillas, etc.; original ar-
articles on Oratory; Women of the North and of the
South; Distin nished Statesmen, Clergymen, Orators,
and Sitipids; L~thnology, Physiognomy, Phrenology, Psy-
cliQiogy, ann Sociology It is adapted to the Clergyman,
Lawyer, Physician. tditor, Parent, Teacher, Business
man, Artist, and to the Mechanic. Indeed, everybody
may read it with pleasure awl profit. Only 00 cents, or
$3 a year. Address the Editor, S. B. WELLS,
1 1] No. 150 Broadway, N. Y. Newsmen have it.
THE
HARRISON BOILER
is the only one now offered for sale entirely FREE from
DESTIIiJUTIVE EXPLOSION.
Twenty thousand horse-power have been made and put
In operation within the last three years,with a constantly
inercaing demand, For descriptive circulars and price
apply to the Harrison Boiler Works, Philadelphia, Pa., or
to J. B. HYDE. Agent,
25 tf 1 Offices and 10, No. 119 Broadway, N. F.
m A. WESTON & CO., Mechanical En-
I.. gineers, First National Bank Building, Buffalo, N.
X .,inrnhh designs and drawlugs for machinery and for all
buildings where power is used, including Sugar Refine-
ries, Paper Mills, etc. Steam Engines indicated. Boilers
tested. Samples 01 Iron tes~ed by the newest hydraulic
machinery for tensile, crushing, torsional, and transverse
strains. Experiments conducted In confidence. Patent
Office and other models supplied.
T.~A. WESTON.] if 15 [P. NEILSON MELVIN.
Th OUGLASS MANUFACTURING CO.
L- Exclusive Manufacturess 01
COOKS PATENT
BORING IMPLEMENTS.
Also, a complete assortment oi
MECHANICS TOOLS.
Framing Chisels, SocketFirmer
- Chisels and Gouges, Socket Par.
- lug Chisels, Drawing Knives,
Screwdrivers Augers and Bits,
g Borers, Boring Machines,
Gimlets, Firmer Chisels cud
Gouges. Hollow Augers, Cork-
screws, etc.
Wssenouse, 70 Beckman street. New York. 20 if
11110W TO BECOME ELOQUENT.
iL What is Eloquence PIllustrations of Eloquent
lsavingsDemosthenes and ActionPeritiles, Richard
Bfin~lev Sheridan, Ruins Choate, Edward Everett, Mira-
beau, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, William Piuckney,
etc., their style, with illustrationsTrue and False Elo.
quence, the Politician, the Lawyer, the ActorAn apt
definitionWhere should we look for Oratorical Exam-
plesFirst ImpressionsThe Promptings of Conscience
The popular idea 01 Eloquence, and its effect. See July
Pictorial qouble No, Phrenological Journal. 30 cents, or
~i a year. New volume. Newsmen have it.
S. R. WELLS, 309 Broadway.
F ARRAR AND WOODWORTH PLAN-
ERSAs we are now extensively eneaged in mak-
ing both the above machines, of all the various sizes, we
are prepared to furnish cuts and any other information
which may be required by those desiring to get these
kinds of tools. Address
25 4] STEPTOR, MoFARLAN & CO., Cincinnati, 0.
1111 ERRIMANS PATENT BOLT CUT-
JJZL TERUnrivaled by any; cuts V, half V. sqflare, or
round threads, or wood screws at one cut, with tnree dies
instantly adjustable to the slightest variation, ann opening
to release the bolt. The dies are inserted or withdrawn
without turning a nut or screw. Foreign patents for sale.
Circulars sent by the manufacturers,
25 6*] H. B. BROWN & CO, New Haven, Coun.
BARREL. MACHINERY.
THE AMERICAN BARREL MACHINE CO.
Offer their new and improved machinery br the manu-
facture ot all kinds of staves, for sale at cost, charging a
royalty br right to use. Many species of wood, which
have been found too obstinate to be worked by hand, or
ether Barrel Machinery, are easily worked by this Ma-
chinery. For further information and re.erences, address
(P. td. Box 528), American Barrel Machine Co., 151 Devon-
shire street, Boston. - 25 4*
F AYS PATENT WATER-PROOF Roof-
lug Pa p er, etc. For Circular and Price List, and
terms of SidleEights, address C. J. FAY,
23 11*] Second and Vine streets, Camden, N. J.
T~VERY MACHINIST AND INVENTOR
U should have Price List of P. Stubs and other fine
toots. Sent by mali to any address on receipt of one red
stamp. DANIEL GOODNOW,
25 5] ii Coruhill, Boston, Mass.
NOTICE TO MILL OWNERS.REGU-
lators made and applied and warranted to give a
neatly uniform speed to breast or overshot water wheels
of any size and power. L. GARDNER,
25 01 South Weymouch, Mass.
UNIVERSAL SEED PLANTERTHE
best seeding machine extant. State Rights for sale
cutea~p. Send for circular. Address J. SHatTUCK,
25 ot] Waterloo, N.Y., inventor and Proprietor.
AGENTS WANTEDIn every town and
village to ~ell our McGowan and Buckeye Pumps
mr railroads, factories, mills, etc.
25 4] McGOWAN BROS., Cincinnati, Ohio.
J NCRUSTATIONS removed and prevented
by Winans Boiler Powder. 11 Wall st., N. F. 25 4*
STEAM E~4GII~ESOF ANY POWER
desir@d for manulactories, of superior construction,
with patent frlcliOsilesS slide valte and variable expan
stun. Address M. & T. SAIJLT, New Haven, Coun. 11 23~tt
GREAT REDUCTIQN IN PRICES OF
IRON AND WOOD WORKING MACHINERY.
GOULD MACHINE CO., Newark, N. J.,
23 if and No. 102 Liberty street, New York.
3ut ~iw~tun~ fur ~entf4~
Ylai~ bent IlCIleli tents(~5ejei~e bet ~3ete;ni~ten
bet, mit ejuer eil1~igen 2(u~ua~iiic, ~3cstente ~U bell*
efben 58ebiu~ungen eUsugen, iiMe ~iir~et bet Q~er,
~tocltCl1,
~Uuubigllu~en IWet bie, ~ur ~dals~nhig ibo~
3ateu~eij ttuif3ell l~i{)titte, fi3uuen lit belltlf~et
~ti~id~e rt~i~ an iiii$ gevicf~tet io,etben nub ~t*
~iuber, ~efr~e ~e i4i4, ~ci~ti nn~erer Zffice fommen~
ii~tben 1)011 ~letitfd)eIl ~stom~,t ~ebient ~i,etbeu.
ne~ft ben ~1egetn nub bet ~ bet
~ateuto~tce, nub ThUeitun~en fur bie (~rfiuber nut
jid~ ~~atente ~n jiif~etn, 1mb in ~ud)t~-otnvit lion
nn~ in beutfcf~er ~~taff)e t)etan$ge~]e~eu,
nub toerben g r at i d fill aUe tierfaubt, i~eud~e barnns
milubtid) ilbet fdirifttic~, ciutonunen.
9)lan_abreffire
_ - MUNN & CO.
-87 P9X~ aow, ~@W YQr~
1~/UACHINERY.WE HAVE ON IIAND
IJJ. and can supply at short notice Iron and Wood
Working Machinery, SteamEngines, Saw Mills,& supplies..
General Agents for Judsons, Snows, and Pickerin~ Gov-
ernors. HUTCHINSON & LAURENCE,
24 4 No. 8 Dey street, N. F.
YITATER WHEELS! Water Wheels!
1V The Best in Use! Manufactured by VAlENTiNE
& C 0., Ft. Eciward, N. F. Circulars gratis. 12 7
JI~ RICSSON CALORiC ENGINES OF
124 GREATLY IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION.TeE
yntsrs oh practical working hy the thousands 01 these en-
gines in use, have demonstrated beyond cavil their sops.
riority where less than ten horse-power is required
Por table and Stationary Steam Engines, Grist and Saw
Mills, Cotton Gins Air Pumps, Shalting, Pulleys, Gearing
Pumps, and General Jobbing. Orcers promptly filled lot
any kind of Machinery. JAMES A. IIOBINSON,
1 tiD] 168 Duane street, cor. Hudson, New York.
I~[ ACHINE CARD CLOTHING.
SARGENT CARD CLOTHING CO.,
Manufacturers 01 Cotton, Wool, and Flax Machine Card
Clothing of every variei3 - E. S. LAWRENCE,
Supt., Worcester. Mass. Sargent & Co., Agents, II Beek-
man street,New York. 2526*
rJlivHINIA IRON WORKS
Established 1834.
GEO. S. LINCOLN & CO.,
Iron Founders and Manulacturers of Machinists Tools
54 to 60 Arch street, Hartford, Coun.
We are prepared to furnish first-cldls Machinists Tools
on short notice. Samples may be seen in our Wareroom.
Also, we keep constantly on hand our Patent FRICTION
PULLEY, Counter Shafis for Lathes, etc. 25 if
ARPENTERS, BUILDERS, WAGON
C and Cabinet Makers claim that Talpeys Patent Self-
Iceeding (hand or foot ~ower~ Combination Saw Mill
saves the labor of three men. Ripping, cross-cut, scroll
sawing. Send for descriptive circular and price list.
WM. H. HOAG,-222 Pearl street, N. F.,
23 5*] Manufacturer Wood-workine Machinery.
W M. B. DAYTON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW and NOTARY PUBLIC,
No.36 5. Seventh St., Phuladeiphia,
Devotes particular attention, in his Notarial capacity, to
taking Testimony in PATENT CASES. 244~
PATENTED WOOD BENDERS.THE
first of the class known as Center benders with
end pressure, for fellies, turniture, vessels, and farm in-
plemsnts. JOHN C. MORRIS,
-.3 5* 122 East Secone si., Cincinnati, Ohio.
GREAT ECONOMY IN FUEL.
The Washington Iron Works New Steam Engine,
with Variable Cut-off, worked by the Governor patented
by Win. Wright, Oct. 1166, is the most perfectly simple aiid
economical Engine yet introduced, saving 50 pei cent in
fuel. This engine takes the lead 01 all others, and is being
put in in different parts of New England, this city, Phila-
delphia. and In the principal manufacturing districts of
ihe country. For information address
WASHINGTON iRON WORKS,
Newburgh, N. F.,
Or apply at the office of the Company, Si Liberty st.,
New York City Circulars sent to order. 13 12
CAN I OBTAIN A PATENT pFor Ad-
vice and instructions address MUNN & CO., 3? Park
how, Neis York for TWENTY YEARS Attorneys Ibi
American and Foieign Patents. Caveats and Patents
quickly prepared... The ScranvIFlO Asizziusme ~i3 a year
30,000 Patent cases have been prepared by M. & Co.
li/rODELS, PATTERNS, EXPERIMENT-
JJL AL and other Machinery, Models for the Patent
office, built to order by HOLSKE MACHINE CO., Nos
513, 510, and 532 Water street, near Jederson. Refer to
Soixshv~rio Asurarusat Office. 1 if
TUST PUBLISHEDTHE IINYENTORS
e, and MECHANICS GUIDEA new book upon Mc-
Patents, sue New inventions. Containing the
U. S. Patent Laws, Rules sue Directions for doing tiusi-
ness at the Patent Office; 112 diagrams of the nest me-
chanical movements, with descriptions; the Condensing
Steam Engine, with engraying and description; How to
invent; How to Obtain Patents; Hints upon the Value 01
Patents; How to seliPatents: Forms for Assignments; In-
formation upon the Rights of inventors, Assignees and
Joint Owners; Instructions as to Interferences, Reissues,
Extensions Caveats, together with a greatyariety of use-
ful information in regafd to patents, new inventions and
scientific subjects, with scientific tables, and manylillustra-
tions. 108 pages. This isa most valuable work. Price only
IS cents. Address MUNN & CO. 37 Park Row, N Y
~f T. DAViDSON & CO.,
1,1 MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN EN-
GINEERS and MACHINISTS TOOLS and SUPPLIES.
Principal Agents for the sale of the Fox Lathes, Chucks,
Slide Rests, finished Shafting Pulliesand Hangers with
seli-otling boxes, American Steam Gage Companys Steam
and Vacuum Gages Clocks, Revolution Counters, etc..
Richards Indicators, Morses Patent Twist Drills. A full
assortment of the above constantly on hand at Manufac-
turers rates. 84 John Street, New York. 25 45eow
fIHASES IMPROVED Dollar
I ~.j Microscope, illustrated in Scientific
American, Jan. 26. Diploma awarded this
Microscope at the Worcester County Fair
In October, i86~. It is simple in construc-
and operation, strong, durable, and has
I I \ \ the qualities of all single microscopes con-
bined. The French Microscope, Craige,
Novelty, Counterfeit Detector, Cloth Glass,
Eye Glass, and Animalcule cage, seven in
number, casting fourteen dollars, are fully
represented in the above for the small sum ol one dollar,
making it the most complete and perfect thing of its
- in the world; valuable, amusing, interesting, in-
structive, and useful to all, old and young. In fact, there
is not a trade, profession or a human being, endowed
with reason and sight, but what can find a use for this
wonderful little microscope. It meets the wants of all.
and finds a ready sale at all Book, Periodical, and Fancy
Stores. I have recommendations from some of the most
eminent men in the country, as b~eing the best, as well as
the cheapest microscope ever invented. Great induce-
ments to Agents. Sample sent by mail on receipt of one
with directions for detecting Counterfeit Money,
Call on or address 0. N. CHASE, 81 Washington street,
tormerly 0 La Grange street, Boston, or, FOWLER &
WELLS, 389 Broadway, New York. 23 4 eow
WITH SPEC-
rpO RAILROAD MEN, CAPITALISTS
.1. AND OTHERS.
For Sale, several valuable Patents in the United States
of America, viz:
First, Forthemanufatiture of Railroad Frogs and Filled
wing Rails.
Second, For bracing the ends 01 Railroad Rails with
steel and for other purposes.
Third, Reversible Forge Rolling Machine br re-rolling
and repairing Rails, and forging all kinds of Malleable
metals.
Fourth, A new Railroad track, with nut lock latch, etc.
The value 01 thea Patents has been fully tested by
The Steel, iron & Railway Works Co., Toronto, who
have purchased the Patent rights for time Province of
Canada, at whose works on Sirachan Avenue, Toronto,
the machinery connected with time working 01 the Patents
can be seen in operation.
Address, JOHN L. BLAIKIE, Esq., Toronto, Canada.
Refference is permitted to
George L. Reid, Esq., Engineer Great Western Railroad
of Canada, Hamilton, Canada.
.E. P. Hannatord, Esq.. Engineer GrandTrunk Railroad,
Montreal, C.E.
C. J. Brydges, Esq., General Manager, Grand Trunk
Railroad, Montreal, C. E.
Frederick Cunberland, Esq., Manager Northern Rail-
road ot Canada, Toronto. C. w -
Toronto, C. W. March 19,186?. iS 13~
ETS, VOLUMES AND NUMBERS.
Entire sets, volumes and numbers of ScizsivIFIc
Aatxa:cAN (Old and New Series) can be supplied by ad-
dressing A. B. C., Box No. 773, care of MLJNN & CO., New
York.
)f~f~A MONTH IS BEING MADE
with our IMPROVED STENCIL DIES,
by Ladies and Gentlemen. Send br our flee Catalogue
containing Samples and Prices. Address
22 tfR] S. M. SPENCER & CO., Brattleboro, Vt.
WATER WHEELS.
The Helical Jonval Turbine is manufactured by
15 if] J. H. STEVENSON, 40 Dey street, New York.
(~IHARLES A. SEELY, CONSULTING
and Analytical Chemist, No. 26 Pine street, New
jork. Assays and Analyses of all kinds. Advice, Instruc-
tion, Reports, etc., on the useful arts. 1 tf
~HE McGOWAN AND BUCKEYE
I. Patterns Double-acting Rand and Power Pumps.
Patented 1863, For railroads, factories, mills, etc. Man-
ufactured by McGOWAN BROTHERS, 94 and 06 Elm St.,
Cincinnati, Ohio. Send for circular. 16 i3~
AIR SPRING FORGE HAMMERS ARE
made by CHAS. MERRILL & SONS, 556 Grand
sereet,New York. They wilt do more and better work,
with less power and repairs, than any other Hammer.
Send for a circular. 4 if
ROLLING MILL ENGINESWiTH
Saults patent Frictionlesa Slide Valve, link motion
reverse gear, shafting, hangers, nil gear, etc. Address
ii 13~ if] M. & T. SAULT, New Haven, Cohn.
mHE CELEBRATED SCHENCK
,1. WOODWOETH PLANERS,
WITH NEW AND IMPORTANT iMPROVEMENTS,
Manufactured by the
SCHEECK MACHINE CO., MATTEAWAN, N. V.
JOHN B. SCHENCK, President.
T. J. B SCHENCK, Treas. . 11 tI
GROVER & BAKERS HIGHEST PRE-
MIUM ELASTIC Stitch Sewing Machines, 490
Broadway, N.Y. 1 it
PER DAY.
2O Agents wanted in every State to introduce
Puringions Alarm Money Drawer. For terms address
15 i1] A. S. TURNER, Willimantic, Ch
T~ F. PAGE & CO.,
JUde Manufacturers of Patent Stretched
LEATHER BELTING
And Dealers in Manufactufers Supplies.
17 13] 46 Congress street, Boston, Mass.
PORTABLE AND STATIONARY Steam
Enseines and Boilers, Circular Saw Mills, Mill Work,
notion Cins and Cotton Gin Materials, manufactured by
the ALBEETBON & DOUGLASS MACHINE CO., New
London,Conn. 14 if
PATENT SHINGLE, STAVE, AND
Barrel Machinery, Comprising Shingle Mills, Head-
ug Mills, Stave Cutteri, Stave Jointera, Shingle and
Heading Jointers, Heading Roundera and Planers, Equal-
izing and Cut-oR Saws. Send for Illustrated List.
FULLER & ItORD,
16 ii*if~~C.] 281 and 284 Madison street, Chicago, Ill
T~ OM~~C SEWING MACHINE,
uly in existence by which a sewed
boot or shoe can be made. Adapted to all kinds, styles
and sizes of boots and shoes. 200 pairs can be made ith
ease by one man, with one machine, in ten hours. These
shoes take precedence of all others in the market, and
are made substantially at the cost of pegging. in use by
all the leading manufacturers. Machines, with compe-
tent menlo set then in operation, furnished at one days
notice. For particulars of license apply to
GORDON McKAY, Agent,
i?-135N 6 Bath street, Boston, Mass.
STEAM ENGINES.COOK, RYMES &
Co.s celebrdted first-class stationary, portable and
hoisting engines constantly on hand, at their warerooms,
107 Liberty street, New Fork. 11 if
FOR ENGINE BUILDERS A~{D STEAM
Fflters Brass Work, address
F. LUNKENHEIMEE,
10 26~] Cincinnati Brass Works.
N ITRO-GLYCERIN.
UNITED STATES BLASTING OIL COWe are
now prepared to fill all orders for Euro-Glycerin, and re-
spectfully invite the attention of Contractors, Miners and
Quarrynen to the immense economy in the use of
same Address ordera to
JAMES DHVEAU, Sec.,
2 52k] 32 Pine street, New Fork
L ATHECHUCKS HORTONS PAT-
ENTIron 4 to 24 inches. Manufacturers address
E. nORTON & SON, Windsor Locks, Conn. 5 15*.
RB ALL & CO.,
SCHOOL STREET, WORCESTER, MASS.,
iyaauafaciurers of Woodworibs, Daniells, and Gray &
Woods Planers, Sash Molding, Tenoning, Mortising, Up-
right and Vertical Shaping, Boring Macnines, Scroll Saws
and a variety 02 other Machines and articles br working
wood.
Send for our Illustrated Catalogue. 26 if
ORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, COM-
Lbining the maximum ot efficiency, duranility, and
economy with the minimum of weight and price. They
are widely and favorably known, more than 600 being
In use. All warranted satisfactory or no sale. Descrip-
tbve circulars sept on a plicailon. Addrees
J. ~ ~O4~Z& ~ A ~o.,~wwiii, Map.
GILLESPIE HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR
for Water WheelaThe only Governor that, on a
change of labor, moves the gate instantly to the required
point, AND aromagivee an evenness of speed not excell-
ed by time heat steam engine; operates the largest gatea
with ease; sav~s a large per centage of repairs. and in-
sures against accidents finn breaking of shafts or belts.
Entire satisfaction guaranteed. send for circular.
JOHN S. ROGEIIS, Tream. Gillespie Governor Co.,
24 26 ] tO Kilby street, Boston, Mash.
I MOST VALUABLE MACHINE for all kinds 01 irreg-
uhar and straight work in wood, called the Variety Mom-
ing and Planing Machine, indispensable to competition in
alt branches of wood-working. Our improved guards
make it safe to operate. Combination collars for cutters,
saving 100 per cent, and feed table andeonnection, br
waved moldings and planing, place it above all others.
Evidence of the superiolity of these machines is the
large numbers we sell, in the different states, and parties
laying aside others and purchasing ours, br cutting ann
shaping irregular forms, sash work, etc.
We hear there are manuldeturers infringing on some
one or more 01 our nine patents in this machine. We cau-
tion the public fl-on purchasing such.
All communications must be addressed Combination
Molding and Planing N achine Company, Post-office Box
3230, New York. All our machines are tested before de-
its s.~, and warranted.
Send for descriptive pamphlet. Agents solicited.[i4 1I~
p ICHARDSON, MERIAM & CO.,
13~ Manulacturer - and Dealers in
DANIRkSS AND WOOD WORTH PLANERS
During, Matching, Molding, Mortising and Tenoning Ma-
chines, Scroll, Cut-off, ann Slitting Saws, Saw Mills, Saw
Arbors, Spoke and Wood-turning Lathesand other wood-
working Machinery. Warehouse, 101 Liberty street, New
York. Manufactory, Worcester, Mass. 18 if
WOOD WORTH PLANERS A SPE-
CIALTYFrom new patterns of the most ap-
proved style and workmanship. Wood-working Machine-
ry generally. Nos. 24 and 26 Central, corner Union street,
Worcester, Mass.
i09~ WITHERBY, RUGG & RiCHARDSON.
PATENTEES TAKE NOTICE.
Having made large additions to our works, we ca
and one or two machines to our list of manufactures. Tb
machines must be strictly first class, and well protected.
BLYMYER, DAY & CO., Manufacturers of Agricultural
Machines and Tools Mansfield, Ohio. 9 ti
MALLEABLE IRON CASTINGS
oi every description made to order. Address
H aO*] OLNHAUSttN & CRAWFORD, Pittsburgh,Pa.
GREAT SAVING IN FUEL AND IN-
crease of Power by using Pure, Dry Steam. Car-
yahoos improved Steam Superheatei furnishes such steam
of any desired temperatures for all purposes. it is easily
attached to boilers, is very durable, and pays for itself in
a few months. Address br circulars, etc., HENRY W.
BULKLEY, General Agent, 70 Broadway, N. F. 11 8
PATENT POWER AND FOOT-PUNCH-
ING PRESSES, the best in market, manulaciured by
n. C. STILES & CO., West Meriden, Conn. Cutting and
Stamping Dies made to order. ~end for Circulars. [14 il
S HAW & JUSTICES POWER HAMMER
is Moderate in Price, is driven with one-tenth th
power used by other Hammers, and wilt not cost the one
nundrefith part 01 what is usually spent in re,airs. It
power is far in excess of any Hammer known. Manufac
tured ny PHILIP S. JUSTICE,
14 North 5th street, Phuia., and 42 Cliff-st., New York.
Shops 17th dud Coates-ats., Philadeiplisa. 16 it
F OR FIRST-CLASS SHAFTING WITH
Patent Sell-oiling Boxes and adjustable Hangers, also
Mill Work and speci*l machinery, address
16 if] BOLLARD & PARSONS, Hartbord, Conn.
WOOD & MANN STEAM ENGINE
CO.S CELEBRATED PORTABLE AND STA-
TIOiSARY STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, Iron
to 35 horse-power. Also, PORTABLF SAW MILLS.
We have the oldest, largest, and most complete worko
in the United States, devoceti exclusively to the mann-
hacture om Portable Engines and Saw Mills, which, br
simplicity, compactness, power, and economy oi mel, are
concedee ny experts to tie superior to any ever odered to
the public.
the great amount of boiler room, fire surlaime, and
cyliudet area, which we give to the rated horse-power,
make oar Engines the most poweriut and cheapest in
use; and they are adapted to every purpose where power
r is required.
All siLes constantly on hand, or furnished on afiort no-
tics. Descriptive circulars, wien price list, sent on appil-
catfon. WOOD & MANN STEAM ENGINE CO.
utica,H. F. Branch oface 96 Maiden Lane it. Y. City.
1 ill-
WOOD, LIGHT & CO.MANUFAC-
turers 01 Mactunisia Tools and N aysnyth klan-
mers,Lathesfrom4 to 30 feetlong, and from 18 to 100 inches
swing. Planers from 14 to tO inches wide and from 4 to 45
feet long. Upright Drills. Milling and ndex Milling Ma-
chines. Prohie or Edgltag Machines. Gun Barrel Machines
ShaIting, Mlii Gearing, Pulleys and Hangers, with Patent
Seff-olling Boxes.
Works, Junction Shop, Worcester, Mass.
Warehouse at 101 Liberty street, New York. 13 ii
PRESSURE BLOWERSEqual in Force
to Piston Blowers, and a perfect suostitute for both
ran and Pistonsrunning more easily titan either. Adapt-
ed br Blast, and Cupola, and Heating Purposes, Forges,
Steamships, Boilers, Ventilation, etc., etc. Prices accord-
ing to sizes, ranging Iron $21 to $1,500. Addrms, for Cir-
cular B. F. STURTEVANI,
ii tf] 72 Sudhury street, Boston, Mass.
TAYLOR, BROTHERS & CO.S BEST
Y~ORKSHIEE IRONThis Iron is of a Superie r
Quality or locomotive and gun parts,coteon and other mi -
chiusry, and is capable of receising the nighest finish. A
good assortment of bars in stock and for sale by JOHN
B TAFT, sole agent br the United States and Canada,,
No. is Batterymareli-si., Boston. 1 40tR.
THE BEST POWJ~R HAMMER MADE
is the Dead Stroke Hammer 01 Shaw & Justice.
a suited for manufacturing awl slades or engine
shalta; consume but little spare, and require but little
power. Manulactured by PHILIP S. JUSTiCE,
14 North 5th street, Phila., and 42 ChIt-si., New York.
Shops 11th and Coates-sta., Philadelphia. 16 tI
I RON PLANERS, ENGINE LATHES1
.1. Drills, and other Macmists Tools, of Superior Qua.-
ity, on hand and finishing. For Sale Low. For Iescrip
non and Price, address NEW HAbEN MAN UFACTUI~-
ING CO., New Haven, Ct. 14 13*
WHEELER & WILSON, 625 BROAD-
way, N. Y.Lock-stitcn hewing Mac i s end But-
toonole do. it
MAS O N S PATENT FRICTIOIN
CLUT HEA, br starting Machinery, especially
~nasy Machinery, without sudden shock or jar, are man-
-niactured by VOLNET W. MASON,
14 13*] Providence, R. I.
M ACTIIN~ ~ ,S. C. HILLS, No.12 Platt O IL! OIL!! OIL!!!
street, New York, dewier in Steam Engines, Boilers, For Ratiroads, Steamers, and for machinery and
Planers; Lathes, Chucks, Drills, Pun~s; Mortising, Tenon naming, PEASES improved Engine Signal, aIid Car
ing 8nd Sash Machines, Woodworth a andD anielss Plan Omis, innorsed and recommended by the highest authority
ers, Rusts Punches, Coli and Corn Mills; Harrisons Grist in the United States ann Esrope. This (Sil possesass
Mills. Tobusons Shingle Mills: Felting, Oil, etc. c qualities vitally essential br inliricating and burning, and
hound in no other oil. It is offered to the public upon
the most reliable, thotough, and practical test Ous mOst
A MESSIEURS LBS INVENTEURS skillful engineers and machinists pronount it superior
Avis Important. Lea inventeurs non familiers ayes to and cheaper than any other, and the only cii that is in
a langue Anglaise, et qul ~refereraient nous communi all cases reliable and will not gsmm. Toe - Scientific
quer leurs Inventions en Ju r~~iabs penvent nous afidres American, alter several tests, pronounces it superior
ser dansleur langue natale. Envoyez nous un dessin et to any other they have usen lot machinery. For sale
cue description concise pour notra exanen. Toutes only by the Inventor end Manufacturer, F, S. PEASE,
communications serons rei~us en confidence. No 61 and 63 Main street, Buflalo N. F.
MIJI4)9 Es CO., H. MilaIZo ~o~4crs ~Aie4 br a~sy,pa~ 0: ~IiO WQt!i
IoleatlflQ Am~~1gau 920Q,*fQ. 87 ~R~ ~IOW, ~OW Y9r~. ~tc
For Qounty and State
Rights, and for the
implement a t
Wholesale,
0
Address
~ LONOSHOBE & ~BRO.,
MANSFIELD,
OHIO.
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