INDEX TO THE FIRST TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. A A or an, the indefinite article, origin and use of, v. 95 et seq. Abela, a writer on Malta, x. 230. Abelard, remarks on his writings and history, xviii. 261his dis- tinction between faith and reason, 262. Abenaki or Norridgwock Indians, Father Ralles manuscript vo~ cabulary of their language, xi. 112. Abernethy, Mr, his charge against Mr Lawrence, xvii. 13, 31. Aborigines of America, M. de Paus theory of, ii. 2Dom. Per- netys opinion of, 3. See Indians. origin of, ix. 358. Traits of the, a Poem, xx. 211. remarks of Major Long, relating to, xxi. 186,their monuments, 186, 187erroneous to attribute to them a common character, 187their distinctions, 188their cannibalism, ib. Mr Rawles views of their rights to the soil, controverted, xxiii. 279nature and extent of rights in the soil, 279, 280they possessed nothing by conventional right, 280their situation on the discovery of the continent, ib. treatment of, by the first settlers, not justifiable, 28lhonorable policy of William Penn, 282not exclusively his, ib.possi- bility of civilizing the Indians asserted, 471. See Indians. nature and extent of their title to the soil, I 2 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS xxiv. 390mode in which various European ~nations deprived them of the possession of it, ib.principle adopted by the United States, ib. Abridgment, Danes, of American Law, xxiii. 1utility and ne- cessity of such works, 52their origin, 3, 4account of the suc- cessive ones of English Law, 4Stathams, ib.Fitzherberts, 5Brookes, ib.Hughes and Shepherds, 6Lord Chief Jus- tice Rolles, ib.DAnvers and Nelsons, 7Bacons, ib. Viners, 8Comyns Digest, 10necessity for an American, 13, 15. Abulfeda uses the name Barbary, xiii. 157. Academies in the United States, character and advantages of, ix. 241confounded with colleges, 242. Academy, French, its low origin, x. 293its critique on the Cid of Corneille, 295. Academy, Italian, of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, vii. 142. Acadia, first settlement of, xv. 47. See Nova Scotia. Accumulation, spirit of, its effects, xxv. 4520. Acharius, his account of an extraordinary meteoric phenomenon, iii. 320. Achenwall, the father of the science of statistics, xiii. 48. Acids, insufficiency of the old theory of the constitution of, ix. 131new modification of, proposed by Dr Coxe and matured by Dr Murray, 132. Ackland, Major, capture of, vi. 99notice of some subsequent events in the life of, 101his death, 102. Adair, his work on the descent of the Indians from the Ten Tribes, xxii. 58. Adair, Mr, British Ambassador at Constantinople, his conduct to American vessels, x. 170. Adam, his Latin Grammar, by Gould, noticed and commended, 228. Adams, G. W., his Oration at the celebrations of Independence, xix. 482. Adams, Hannah, her History of Religions reviewed, vii. 86her character and works commended, 86 et seq.her impartiality, 88her account of Trinitarians quoted, 89. her character as an author, xx. 336her Diction- ary of Religions, ib.her History of the Jews, 367her History ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 3 of New England, 367her Letters on the Gospels, ib.com- mended, 369. Adams, John, President, curious mistakes respecting, in a French biographical work, i. 328. his opinion with regard to the French Revolu- tion, ii. 166. his letter on peace, iii. 35opinion of the French revolution, 154. letter of to the Abb6 Mably on writing the history of the American Revolution, iv. 48, et seq. his name assumed by Alexander Smith, v. 254. - his letter on the character and conduct of Gen. Putnam, vii. 251. his account of the first discontents in the American Colonies, ix. 380~his Letters of Novanglus, analyzed, 407his friendship with Mr Sewall, the author of the Letters of Massa- chusettensis, 410. his just remark on the phrase, mother-country, x. 334. eulogized, xv. 29. his account of Otiss speech against Writs of Assis- tance, xvi. 341. his account of the preparation of the Declaration of Independence, xxii. 386. state and numbers of the army during his ad- ministration, xxiii. 248authorized to raise corps of volun- teers, ib.military force called out liberally by Congress, 251. appointed minister to treat for peace, xxiv. 101. Judge Cranchs Memoir of, xxv. 231. Adams, John Quincy, President, his Report upon Weights and Measures, reviewed, xiv. 190 et seq.his remarks on the En- glish system of weights and measures, 194 et seq.his remarks on the French system, 201 et seqon American coins, 205his comparison of the advantages of the French and English sys- tems, 211 et seq.his remarks on American weights, & c. 225 et seq. 4 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. Adams, John Quincy, President, his correspondence on the subject of tile Russian claims, xv. 375, 389, 393. his epitaph on Josiah Quincy, Jr., xxii. 208. his message to Congress concerning the patent law, quoted, xxiii. 295. Adams, Nathaniel, his Annals of Portsmouth, noticed, xxii. 215. Adams, Robert, an American Sailor; his pretensions as a traveller in Africa, v. 11his own narrative of his adventures as taken at Cadiz, 12shipwreck and captivity among the Arabs, ib.goes upon a slave-hunting expedition, l3is taken prisoner by the negroes, 14carried to Tombuctoo, 15his account of that place, ib.of the manners of its inhabitants, 16the authority of the Wooloo, 17of their want of religion, l9purchased by Moors, 22his account of Taudeny, 23his slavery in Heligo- kia and Wadnoon, 24his release, 26his Narrative as publish- ed in Great Britain, reviewed, 2O4circumstances in which his narratives disagree, 210 et seq.discrepancies in his accounts of Tombuctoo, 214his account of the river near Tombuctoo, exam- ined, 217objections to his account of the government and religion, 219letter from Mr Storrow relating to him, 221. his impositions respecting the interior of Africa, xxii, 108where detected, ib. - Adams, Samuel, notice of, in a French work, i. 329. his character by Mr Tudor, xvi. 347. moves for committees of correspondence, xxii, 381, 382, notehis letters, 382. part taken by, in the Massachusetts Convention for adopting the Federal constitution, xxv. 274. Adario, a Huron chief, anecdote of his cunning policy, ii. 23. Addison, his school, x. 21his Saturdays papers in the Spectator, 26. his Hymn, xii. 214. as a writer, xxiii. 5$3. Address, i~W1i~atons, at the opening the New York Athena~um, xx. 453. Ad.elung, x. 231. I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 5 Adelung, his survey of languages, reviewed, xiv. 128 et seq. analysis of the introduction to his Bibliotheca Glottica, 131. his survey of the Indian languages unsatisfactory, xxii. 83geographical divisions erroneous, as well as names of tribes, 84errors specified, 84 et seq. Adler, his labors on the New Testament, xv. 481. Admiralty, jurisdiction of the Instance Court of:, viii. 264origin of the title and power of:, 266. Admiralty jurisdiction, established in the British Colonies on its appropriate principles, xxi. 124. Admiralty Court of Great Britain, coincidence of its judgments with those of the United States, xxiv. 349a single exception, 350. Adran, Bishop, his remarkable success in introducing improve- ments into Cochin China, xviii. 153. Adsonville, an American Novel, reviewed, xxi. 99. Advertisement, a curious English, i. 23. copy of a singular, i. 369. iEschylus, cited, xiii. 157. his character by Percival, xxii. 323. Africa, Adamss narrative of his adventures in the interior of, as taken at Cadiz, v. 12Narrative as published in Great Britain, reviewed, 204circumstances which have created an interest in this continent, 205limited knowledge of its interior, 206re- searches and discoveries of Park, Leo Africanus, and others, in the interior of, 208description of the great desert of:, 403ac- count of two expeditions to, 142. expedition into the interior of, vi. 280. MQueens work on, reviewed, xiii. 440 et seq.country about the Rio de Formosa, 447. colonization in, xviii. 40agents sent out to explore the western coast, 43natives of, in Georgia, restored through the influence of Mr Meade, 49influence of the climate of, on the agents sent out by the government and the Colonization Society, 50, 51coast of, visited by Captain Wadsworth and Lieutenant Stockton, 52, 53colonization in, its advantages to this coun- try, 58General Harpers remarks, 59natives rescued and restored under many interesting circumstances at Baltimore, 69 6 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. advantages of colonization to Africa itself, 73warlike cus~ toms and superstitious practices, 74character of the Africans, 77their willingness to be instructed and capacity to learn, 78religion of western Africa, SOMahometanism prevalent, 81practicability of colonizing Africa, ib.objections answered, 85, et seq.western Africa not more unhealthy than tropical climates generally, 84colonization in, not opposed to the con- stitution of the United States, 87travels in, should be pro- moted, 89. See Colonization Society. Africa, colonization of free people of color in, xx. 191project not chimerical, 192not inconsistent with emigration to Hayti, ib. preferred to it, ib.first step to the abolition of the slave trade, 193its success ultimately dependent on the general and state governments, 195. African Association, xviii. 89. African Institution, in England, its objects and labors, xviii. 88. African slavery, introduction of, viii. 420. Africans, their mild and docile character in their own country, xviii. 76they have been depressed by circumstances, 77dis- posed to learn, ib.many of them read and write Arabic, ib. how they differ from savages of other countries, 78their re- ligious belief, 80easily supplanted by a pure religion properly taught, ib.some are Mahometans, 81. Aga, Turkish, at Sagada, and his habitation described, x. 431 supper given by him, 433. Agawam, the Simple Cobler of, i. 297. See Ward. Age, the present, female literature of xxiii. 368tendency to extravagance in the productions of, 373. its peculiar character, xxiv. 56and confi- dence of future progress, ib.mixed with some extravagance, ib.and leads to expectations of impossibilities, ib.objections to this romantic disposition, ib.checks to the progress of im- provement, 57improvements of the age consist rather in in- s~ruction than invention, 61call for the wide dissemination of knowledge already possessed, rather than for developement of new, 62. Agius de Soldanis on the Maltese language, x. 229. Ixxv.] ~GENERAL INDEX. 7 Agricultural society of Massachusetts, ii. 314. Agricultural societies, their influence, xxiv. 482. Agriculture of the United States, iv. 98least skill and capital employed in that of the Eastern states, 99causes of its un- profitableness, 100English and American, compared, 101dis- proportionate size of American farms, 102mistake in cultiva- ting Indian corn, 103neglect of salt marshes, ib.motives of policy for the encouragement of agriculture, 105encouraging symptoms in favor of, 106. Agriculture, depressed state of, in the United States, viii. 135 probability of improvement in, 137importance of the cultiva- tion of roots, 141. state of, in the Canadas, ix. 143. its importance to the United States, xi. 49causes which have resisted its progress, 50 et seq. was considered by the French economists as the chief branch of human industry, xix. 325this theory built on an unsound basis, 326Adam Smiths theory nearly the same, 327its defects, ib.Mr Skinners labors in advancing agri- culture, 333Mr Biddles Address before the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, quoted, 335moral tendency of agricultu- ral pursuits on a people, 336. Altumada, denied permission to go to Florida, xiii. 68. Aikin, Arthur, his Manual of Mineralogy, v. 74arrangement and character of the work, 77his account of the properties of minerals, 78his synoptical tables, 80. Aikin, Miss, her account of the venality of the age of Elizabeth, xvi. 335. Air, confined, recipe for purifying, i. 178. Airs of Palestine, a poem by John Pierpont, reviewed, iv. 408its character and subject, 409account of, and extracts from, 410 et seq. Akcrblad, a Swedish collector of Phcenician antiquities, x. 227, 228. Alabama, slavery why tolerated in, x. 152. Alaman, Lucas, a statesman of Mexico, xxi. 432his birth and education, ibdeputy to the Cortes at Madrid, 433promotes the working of the Mexican mines, ib.appointment to office in the republic, ib.his estimate of the importance of the 8 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. mining interests, ib.his last report to Congress, 441. Albania, rate of wages in this country, x. 449expenses of the peasants, 450inhabitants of:, constantly armed, 454products of; 448. Albanians, a distinct race from the Turks, and probably of Scla- vonian origin, xviii. 110their warlike spirit, I l6organized into a distinct army by Ali Pacha, 116. Albitegnius, an Arabian astronomer, xii. 154 et seq. Aibrizzi, Countess, her account of the works of Canova noticed, x. 3752character of this work, 386. Alcala, opposition to the Jesuits at, vi. 133. Alcavala, an oppressive tax levied on sales and purchases in all the provinces in South America under the Spanish government, xix. 183its origin, l84still exists in Mexico, 207. Alderman, Lines on an, ii. 172. Aldrete on Phenician coins, x. 228. Aldus Manutius, the patron of letters, iv. 317. Alexander the Great, anecdote of, iv. 295. character of, xiii. 167. Alexander, Emperor of Russia, Madame de Sta~Ms character of, viii. 51. sends the chamberlain Resanoff to negotiate with the Japanese, x. 36. Madame de StaUs interview wkh, xiv. uScomments on her account of; 119. Alexander, the predecessor of the Indian Philip, account of the death of; xxv. 212. Alexandria, school of medicine in, viii. 246. Alexandrian school of criticism, x. 16. Alexis, a Kurilian interpreter in the service of the Russians, x. 41. AlJleri, his manner of writing his plays, x. 311. partakes of the Greek and French taste, xvi. 409. his great care in correcting his compositions, xix. 359. Alfred, his version of Bo~thius, x. 122. Algebra, introduction to, vi. 279, 412. of Euler, xiii. 368of Lacroix, 366, 370 et seq. ele- mentary treatises on, should be analytical, 373. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 9 Algiers, letter from the Dey of, to the President of the United States, v. 187. Sketches of, by William Shaler, reviewed, xxii. 409 hitherto little known, ib.situation, extent, and ancient histo- ry, 412climate and productions, 413history in the 16th century, 413, 414form of government, a military republic, 415the divan exists only in name, ib.dependence on the Ottoman Porte, 416election of Dey, ib.division into three provinces, governed by Beys, 417principal officers are for- eigners, ib.the Janissaries, 417, 418depredations on Amer- ican commerce, 419treaty formed, 420at what expense, 421broken by the Dey, and war declared, ib.peace of 1815, 422city of, described, 423bombarded by the English and Dutch fleets, 423causes of its wealth, 424seminaries of learning, 426Jews, 427other inha~bitants, 428. Algonquins, a tribe of Indians, wars with and destruction of, by the Five Nations, ii. 20. Au Bey, his description of El Sahhara, iii. 174. notice of, v. 287. Au Buyak, anecdote of, iv. 303. Au Pacha, account of a visit to him, x. 429 et seq.description of his palace, 444his curiosity and sagacity, 445revenues of himself and family, 447manufactures and commerce in his dominions, 448his wife, 457his dagger, 458his armory, 460. his family and descent, xviii. 109his grandfather, 110Veli, his father, took and burned Tepeleni, ib.birth of Ali Pacha, 111indignity with which his mother and sister were treated, after the death of his father, by the Cardikiotes, ibhis first adventures as a marauder at the age of fourteen, 112taken prisoner and carried to Berat, and held in confine- Inent for some years, ibmarried, ib.anecdote of his cruel disposition related by Pouqueville, 113enriched himself in the service of the Pacha of Negropont, 114received from the Porte the Pachalic of Thessaly as the reward of his perfidy in taking away the life of Selim Bey, 115advanced to the Pa- chalic of Yanina, ib.his treacherous and cunning policy, 116 organizes the Albanians into a regular army, for the first time 2 10 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. under a chief of their own nation, 116his two sons begin to take part in his enterprises, 117his first attack on the Suliotes, ib.unsuccessful, 118fails in a second campaign, ib.Pouque- yules improbable account of his taking the Suliote army by treachery, 119engaged in quelling a disturbance in upper Al- bania, under orders of the Porte, P20his letter to Bonaparte, ibfits out an expedition of galleys and attacks the inhabi- tants on the coast, ib.cajoles the French general and seizes the posts occupied by the French on the coast of the Jonian sea, 121again makes war on the Suliotes, 122is courageous- ly resisted, 123the siege was pressed for a long time, till the Suliotes were at length taken in their own town, 124seizes Prevesa, and attacks Parga without success, 125takes Berat, ib.presented by the English government with a park of ar- tillery, 126executes his long cherished vengeance on Cardiki for the indignity his mother and sister had once suffered in that city, 127takes possession of Parga, 129his age and appear- ance described, iLhis riches, ib.show of hostility from the Porte, 130Ali begins to be alarmed for his saftety, 131 his skilful management to ward off the impending danger, 132 is surrounded in Yanina by the enemy, 133sets the town on fire and shuts himself up with his forces in the castle of the Lake, ib.his three sons desert his cause, 134campaign closed without driving Ali from his strong hold, l35siege re- newed and Alis garrison reduced to fifteen hundred, 136con- tradictory accounts of the final catastrophe, 137taken prisoner and some days afterwards killed by order of the Porte, 138re- markable traits of his character, 139his head nailed to the seraglio gates, ib.his final resistance to the Ottoman Porte one of the principal causes of the first movements of the Greek revolution, 140. Au Packa, rupture of, with the Porte, a propitious circumstance for the Greek cause, xxv. 42. Alison, Mr, notice of, i. 195. his account of the nature of the emotion of taste, vii. 6objections to his theory, of Mr Jeffreys, 10his opinions on the beauty of colors and sounds, 20. Alkalies, discovery of the composition of, ix. 121. ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 11 Allegany mountains, proposed canal through, xxiv. 8amount of trade which crosses them, 11. remarkable character of the country to the west off, xxv. 62want of communication with the sea, ib. Allegory, aversion to, among readers, v. :303combined with un- intelligible names, the cause of the obscurity and unpopularity of Spensers Fairy queen, 306. of Dante, its obscurity, viii. 323. Alliance of the republics of South A merica, a most important measure, xxii. 164matured by Bolivar, 165his circular, ib. quoted, 166preliminary measures, ib.its objects, 167to secure the independence of the states against Spain, 168 against the Holy Alliance, 169against Brazil, 170to secure permanent peace, 171to guaranty the security of the -govern- ments, 172influence on commerce, 173subjects of attention in the congress, 173inexpedient for the United States to join, 174yet representatives might well be present, ib. Allied Powers, their manifestoes, reviewed, xvii. 340, et seq. connexion of the feudal with the present system of government, 343aspects of society arising from the hostility between its members and its institutions, 345the allies violate their guar- antee, and impose another dynasty on France, 348guaranty the constitution, 349constitution of April, 1814, provides for the kings acceptance, ib.the king substitutes a charter, 351 return of Napoleon and the denouncing of him at Vienna, 352 Great Britain refuses to accede fully to the principles of the war for restoring the dynasty, 353subsequent proclamation of the duke of Wellington, ib.military occupation of France, 354 occasion for the interference of the allies ceases with the im- prisonment of Napoleon, 355laws violating the liberty of the press, in Russia, Holland, and France, 356treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle, 356laws establishing censorships in Germany, 357 Spanish revolution, 358, 359congress at Troppau, 359 protest of the English ministry, ib.revolution of Naples, 360in Piedmont, ib.events of the Spanish history, 362 Cortes, description og 363alliance of Alexander with the Spaniards, 364Ferdinand annuls the constitution of 1812, 365revolution of 1820, 367generalization of the principles 12 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. of the allies,conduct of Ferdinand, 368probable eflect of the success of the allies, 373effect of Great Britains joining the peninsular xvar, 374. Alligators, in Colombia, xxi. 160mode of hunting them by the Indians, 161their food, and mode of taking it, ib. All Souls College at Oxford, qualifications of a Fellow of, x. 129. Allston, Washington, his Sylphs of the Seasons, reviewed, v. 365 circumstances relating to his poems, 369character of them, 370analysis of the Sylphs of the Seasons, with extracts, 373of the Two Painters, 378of Eccentricity, 382of the Paint King, 384of his versification, 387. notice of, vii. 141. xii. 179his character as an historical painter, 181. a sonnet in compliment of, xix. 47. extract from Percivals poem in his praise, xxii. 324influence of his works, 326. Almacks, a Novel, sketch of:, xxv. l97its style and execution, 198. Almagro, Don Diego de, one of the conquerors of Peru, ii. 292 compared with Pizarro, 297, et seq. Almamon, an Arabian astronomer, xii. 154. Greek authors translated into Arabic under his patron- age, xiv. 58. Almoxar~fazgo, and other taxes in the Spanish colonies, xix. 184. Alms/louses, necessity for, ix. 305. Alsop, Mr, poetry of, vii. 205. Alter, his edition of the Codex Vindobonensis, xv. 480. Alva, Duke og his conduct in Holland, vi. l82cruelty of, after the surrender of Haarlem, 183. Alvarez, his rules of Latin prosody, xix. 476. Amalyhi, sea laws of, xiii. 16. Amazons, supposed nation of, in Chili, ii. 286. America, books relating to, i. 145, 297theory of the connexion of with the ancient continent, 165. continent of, M. de Paris absurd theory of:, ii. 2sup- posed deterioration of all European productions in, ib.changes that have taken place in, 14grand and beautiful scenery of, i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 13 15peculiar appearance of the forests of:, 17contests of the English and French for the dominion of, 18various materials for poetry in the history and scenery of, 28, 29reflections on the literary delinquency of, 33abuse of, in the London Quar- terly Review, 43character of the first settlers of the colonies of, 2521taste and manners in, 352politics of, 353Russian and American settlements on the Northwest coast of, 302. books relating to, iii. 1, 145, 305. hooks relating to, iv. 1, 145, 289. books relating to, v. 1, 175administration of the col- onies of, 1satire upon the principal leaders in the revolution of, 178. _____ books relating to, vi. 255. See Books. how first peopled, xii. 235Indian languages, 236 the first discoveries of, 318voyages of Vespucci, 321 et seq. Venezuela like Venice, 323natives seen by Vespucci, 322, 325, 326whether the continent was first discovered by Ves- pucci, 329why called America, 319, 335earliest use of the name, 336. vague notions of its breadth, xiii. 316indefiniteness of the colonial charters, 313, et seq. Views of Society and Manners in, by an Englishwoman, reviewed, xiv. 15misrepresentations in this work, 16, 18 number of languages in, 129, 133list of North American lan- guages 135, et seq. America, first discoveries of, xv. 33, 34, 36, 376attempts to colonize, 35early accounts of, 38first English colonies in, and their charters, 40 et seq.French colonies in, 46Dutch colonies in, 50why not colonized by other nations, 49, 50 Travels in, reviewed, 224, 340Aborigines of, 240. (See In- dians)a new field for works of fiction, 250. (See Romance) population of, 290 et seq. (See Population)claims to North West coast of, examined, 370 et seq. (See Russia)Geology of parts of, 230, 233 et seq. discovery of, account of from the journal of Columbus, xxiv. 274what island first seen, 274libels and calumnies on, by the British, folly of noticing them seriously exposed, 464. by the Author of Europe, reviewed, xxv. 169merits of 14 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. the author of; 170motives which led to the production of, 171 classification of the powers in the civilized world in three great classes, 172exaggerated view of the power of Russia, 173views of the political state of Great Britain, 175of the political prospects of South America, 177on the connexion of religion with government, 179 et seq.on the condition and prospects of the United States, 1852. America, United States of, (see United States)Ahorigines of; their origin considered, ix. 358. - amount of public literary patronage in, x. 135why vilified hy the English, 336 et seq. distinction of the national and state governments not fully understood abroad, 345explained, 345, et seq.the union not of the states but of the people, 346purity of the English language kept up in the United States, 362 et seq. - - character of the English travellers in, xi. 69fortune of the political parties, 74prospect of new par- ties, 75absence of rank, 89elevated condition of women, 90 climate and scenery, 99the ordinary calumnies of the En- glish writers not to be regarded, 191. their advantages in respect to ancient associations, xii. 5national government neglects to patronize literature and science, iScompared with other nations as to morality, 60commerce and commercial system, 60 et seq. population, 62number of seamen, ib.shipping, ib.revenue from the customs, 63drawbacks, 64credits on duties, 66 proposed new tariff discussed, 69 et seq.began the abolition of the slave-trade, 1 lI-progress in geology and mineralogy, 134 have produced painters, but deficient in collections of paintings, 179causes of the deficiency, 179 et seq.state of architec- ture, 181 et seq.statuary, 186authors not encouraged by booksellers, 261United States Bank, 305jealousy of nation- al and state governments, 305, 307advantages of our federal government, 319. the public taste in eloquence perverted, xiii. 5an Essay on the Complaints against the British Press, reviewed, 20Mr Walshs Appeal, 22, 23patience under Brit- ish calumnies, 22the high character of their calumniators jus xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 15 tified them in complaining, 26disapprobation of American- isms, 29state of the English language in, 30 et seq.Ameri- can travellers in Europe, 33 et seq.charged with a peculiar species of vanity, and vindicated, 37 et seq.too immature to engage in European politics, 42vindicated on the subject of slavery, 42 et seq.remarks on, quoted from the Essay, 46D. B. Wardens Statistical, Political, and Historical Account of, re- viewed, 47remarks on the history of, 47fortunate circum- stances in the colonizing of, 49the government of, commend- ed, 50difficulty in collecting materials for a statistical account of, 51extension of the houndaries, 53general aspect of the country, ib.climate, 55forest trees and quadrupeds, 56 diseases, 57state of education, 53, 435state of literary and scientific knowledge, 59, 473newspapers, 59manners, habits, and national character, 60 et seq.remarks on national patronage of public objects, 144exportation of cotton, 153 the states bound together by a diversity of interests, 154char- acter of the American revolution, 172Bottas History, 172 et seqpolitical situation of:, and sentiments towards Great Britain, before the revolution, 173 et seq.Congress of 1774, 181 et seq.address of Congress to the inhabitants of Ireland, 132appropriation of public lands for the purposes of educa- tion, 310 et seq.of their title to the public lands, 312 et seq. characters of the several states, 312 et seq.---each state entitled to a proportionate benefit from the public lands, 311, 319 et seq.national and state interests, 320 et seq.system pursued by Congress in appropriating lands, 322 et seq.remarks on emigration 328 et seq.report of the senate on the appropria- tion of public lands, 332 et seq.attention of the several states to education, 341apathy in regard to public duties, 347 penitentiary systems and penal codes, 418 et seq.Mr Grays remarks on American literature, 478See Botany and Botta. America, United States of, poetry of, xiv. 3, 7View of Society and Manners in, by an Englishwoman, reviewed, 15her mis- representations, 16, 13slavery in, 18eagerness of the peo- ple for news, 25no observatory in, 33duties on books and scientific instruments, reprobated, 33remarks on American travellers, 49 et seq.system of coins, 205remarks on the 16 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. system of weights and measures, with reference to a reforma- tion, 225 et seq.their progress in improvement, 231advan- tages of, for inland navigation, 232benefits of the union, 249 et seq.style of writers in, 331, 349Academy of Language and Belles Lettres, 350 et seq.early history of, 385manufac- tures of, 414machinery of, 416, 4I8a rival of England in mechanical invention, 418. America, United States of, the rapid growth of their back coun- try, xx. 99of their commercial towns, lOOdeplorable state of their affairs at the time of the application of Lafayette to the American minsters, 149oxninous predictions of the Edinburgh Reviewers with relation to the duration of their government, 421how verified, ib...peculiar motives to intellectual exer- tiori in, 418found in the new form of civil society, 423in the peculiar nature of their confederacy, ib.differs from all other confederacies, 423advantnges of their constitution in various ways, 423 et seq.tendency of their institutions to give talents a direction to political pursuits, 427effect of their novel political organization on literature, 429of their com- munity of language, 436General Outline of, noticed, 446. - Summary View of, by an Englishman, noticed, xxi. 453its comparative fairness and liberality, 453 character and contents of the work, 454. America, South, why it does not excite more attention, xii. 432 policy of interfering in its concerns, 433revolution of, com- pared with our own, 436 et seq.character of the population, 437literature, 439, IAOHistory of Paraguay, Buenos Ayres, and Tucuman, by Dr Funes, reviewed, 439 et seq. See South America. Percivals Ode on the Emancipation of, xiv. 9 presidents message on the independence of, 42Oprogress of, towards independence, 420 et seqextent and governments of the Spanish possessions, in, 422geographical advantages og 423amount of money shipped from, since 1492 up to 1803, 434the mines, the property of individuals, but pay a per- centage to the government, 434. See Mexico. , important events which have happened there during the last twenty years, xix. iSSindependence of the xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 17 Spanish colonies in, 159message of the king of Spain con- cerning, 160Lord Landsdowns motion in the British House of Lords to recognise the independence of, 161not to be expect- ed that perfectly organized governments are immediately to grow up, 162the revolution not the explosion of a moment, but the result of a long train of causes, 163no royalist party now in the country, ib.connexion of the South American republics with the United States, l65government of the country while under the dominion of Old Spain, ib.Council of the Indies, 166its character and dignity have been too much exalted, 167Laxvs of the Indies, 168political divisions of South America, and the government of viceroys, 171Cabildo, 172 Royal Audiences, 173commercial interests of the colonies, and policy of Old Spain in respect to them, 175unjust monop- olies, 177contraband trade, 178boasted decree of free trade, which gave no freedom, 180duties, exactions, tithes, 183 Alcavala, 183Almoxarifazgo, and ether oppressive taxes, 184 duty on paper, 185imposition practised 5 the people by the sale of ecclesiastical bulls, 186power of the king of Spain over the church in South America, as derived from the bull of Pope Alexander Sixth to Ferdinand and Isabella in the year 1493, and never afterwards withdrawn, 188bishops and their salaries, 189superstitious observances to obtain money from the people, 191discouragement of education, 193decree suppressing a school in Buenos Ayres, 194, noteimperfect state of the universities and colleges, 194, l9SInquisition operated as a check to knowledge and intellectual advancement, 196unhappy condition of the Indians caused by the laxness of the laws and the cruelty of the Spanish governors, 198the horrors of the mita, as described by Dr Funes, 5OlSolorzanos curious account of the mita, and the products of the mines of Potosi, 204, noteineffectual attempts to palliate the crimes per- petrated in the Indies, 205. America, South, its political progress, xxi. 153, l54present state and prospects of its republics, 154, 156of their histories, 162, 163drawback on the favorable operation of their consti- tutions, 167. , new governments of, proposition with regard to, 3 18 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. by the Austrian cabinet, xxiii. 3l0intrigues for the establish- ment of monarchies, ib.resisted by England and the United States, 310. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, annual meeting of, i. 291~Memoirs of, vol. 3, part 2, reviewed, 370. report of committee respecting, ii. 311. officers of, v. 296. American Jurisprudence, pamphlet occasioned by Wheaton on Captures, reviewed, ii. 230. American Water Burner, observations and experiments on, vii. 428. American Medical Botany, by Dr Bigelow, ix. 23. American Company on the Northwest coast, an establishment of the Russians, x. 37. American literature, xi. 69, 70, 83 et seq.an obstacle to its pro gress, 85. American Antiquarian Society, xii. 236Transaction.s reviewed, 235 et seq. American Academy of Language and Belles Lettres, xiv. 351de- fects in its organization, 352 et seq. A merican Farmer, review of the, xix. 325character and value of the work, 333has excited much inquiry among the agricultu- rists in this country, 334. American Philosophical Society, catalogue of the librnrjr of, its excellent purpose and arrangements, xix. 269. its history and objects, xxii. 1 distinguished members, 2second volume of Transactions, re- viewed, 3Dr Drakes geological account of the valley of Ohio, ib.quoted, 6Mr Hamilton on navigating the Gulf stream by the thermometer, 7Hasslers survey of the coast of the United States, 9Wallensteins meteorological observations at Wash- ington, ib.language of the Berbers, 1 iresearches respecting the North American Indians, 64. American continent, aboriginal antiquities of, xxii. 70animals peculiar to, 124claims of the Europeans to the possession og, 461. American revolution, served to excite and call forth talent, xxii. 375distinguished men appeared in every part of the country, 377their biography should be written, ib.history og yet to be xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 19 written, 399importance of preserving the manuscripts of the leading men, ibgreatness and interest of the theme, ib. American Law, Danes Digest and Abridgment of, reviewed, xxiii. 1editions of law books encumbered with useless notes, 13. American Journal of Education, noticed, xxiii. 214its plan and object, 215extract from the prospectus, 215. American Journals in France and Germany, xxiv. 226. Americanisms, Mr Pickerings Vocabulary of, iii. 355. disapprobation of, in the United States, xiii. 29 et seq. xv. 207, 215, 248, 341. Americans of the United States, misrepresentations of, by foreign- ers, ii. 68their divisions into parties, 80their national van- ity, 82their character in different sections of the country, 83their alleged want of national character, 86their prospects in literature and the fine arts, 87their manners 88their per- sonal appearance 93short-lived beauty of the females, 94 their means of pleasure and happiness, ib.their deficiency in manly exercises, 247opinions with regard to, in England, 352. Amerigo Vespucci, innocent of any attempt to rob Columbus of his fame, xxiv. 283testimony of Columbus to his character, 284. Ames, Fisher, xiv. 332. , xv. 79, 211.. Amherst Institution, its extent, xviii. 408reasons why it should have a charter, 409. College, Reports of the Faculty of, noticed, xxiv. 485 propositions for the improvement of education in, 485. Ammonius, argument from him on the pronunciation of ~ x. 288. Amphictyonic league, xx. 424. Amschitka, one of the Aleutian islands, x. 34. Amsterdam, marine regulations of, xiii. 19. Anagram of Heyne, ii. 204. Analogy, a mode of reasoning, iv. 84Hedges account of, 89 Stewarts remarks on, 89 et seq. Analytic method in the acquisition of knowledge, ix. 115its su- perior advantages in chemistry, 115 et seq.best adapted to the progressive state of chemical knowledge, 117. 20 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Anastasius, a novel, reviewed, xi. 271 et seq.said to have been written by an English gentleman, 273character of the work, 373 et seq.its moral character exceptionable, 274de- fects of the work, 275analysis of the story, 281unostenta- tious character of the work, 306. of Mr Hope, its minute fidelity to character and man- ners, xxv. 233. Anatomy, general and descriptive, xv. 142, 156Bichats system of, 142, 156Buissons system of, 147. cerebral, described, xvii. 18extracts respecting, ib. differences between the varieties of formation, in the skulls of different races of men, difficult to decide, 21size and propor- tion of the brain, 24 et seq. Anazagoras, illustrious as a philosopher, and one of the greatest men of his age, viii. 242view of his character and opinions, 243banished from Athens, 244his astronomical opinions, 267the founder of a rational system of the creation, 271. Ancient authors discovered at Herculaneum and Milan, xii. 386 codices rescripti, ib. Ancient eloquence not suited to modern times, iv. 381, et seq. Ancients, topical system of the, belonged to the science of the mind, xix. 6literature of the, in what respects it differs essen- tially from that of the moderns, 314. Andes, passage of, xxiv. 303 et seqdangers of, in winter, 306. Andover, Theological Seminary og xiii. 473, 477. Andreasberg, and its mines, xii. 272 et seq. Andriani, Count, a scientific explorer in America, xxv. 344. Andros, Sir Edmund, works relating to, noticed, iv. 156. resistance to the tyranni5~l administration of, in Massachusetts Bay, vi. 303. appointed governor of the Duke of Yorks patent, viii. 110his invasion of the territory of Connecticut, 110foiled by Captain Bull, 141his arbitrary conduct as governor of New England, ib.is imprisoned and sent to En- gland, 113. Anecdotes of Morellet and his contemporaries, reviewed, xv. 455 et seq.of the Revolutionary War, by Garden, reviewed, 455 et seq. ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 21 Angeles, los, a town in the south of Chili, described, xviii. 308, 312. Angelo, Michael, sculptor, painter, and architect, x. 384. Anglo-Saxon dialect, not the oldest form of the languages of the Gothic stock, x. 121. Angoul~me, account of the Dutchess of; iii. 107. Animals, sounds made by, attempt to deterniine by them the pro- nunciation of some ancient letters, ix. 101. Animals peculiar to the old continent, xxii. 124to the new, 126 to New Holland, ib.to the arctic regions, ib.remarks of Dr. Prichard, ib. Anne, Queen, the literature of her age, x. 26. Anquetil du Perron, his travels in India, i. 21~2inutility of his la- bors exposed by Sir W. Jones, 213. Ante-colonial history of New England, xv. 32 et seq. Ante, town of, where situated, xiii. 65. Antelope of the Missouri, iv. 125. Ant/Ion, Mr, his Elements of Latin Prosody, xix. 474. Antiquarian Researches by E. Hoyt, xxi. 234. Antiquities of the Western States, i. 21. of Ohio, iii. 226Drakes Observations on, 227. Antiquities, cultivation of, in Italy, v. 119. Antiquities, American, xii. 235whence was America peopled, ib.Indian languages,~236Antiquarian Society and its Trans- actions, 235 et seq.ancient forts and tumuli, 238 et seq. hearths and fire-places, 239exsiccated bodies, called mum- mies, in Kentucky, 245. of Aboriginal America, xxii. 70. Antiquity of the United States, Memoir on the, iv. 59. Antoinette, Marie, Memoirs of; by Madame Campan, xviii. 1her marriage with Louis XVI intended to consolidate the alliance between France and Austria, 4her education, 5intrigues in the French court to her disadvantage, 6, 7coldness and ne- glect of her husband, 7ceremony of her arrival in France, 9 gross conduct of Louis XV on her first reception, ib.ele- gance and beauty of her person at that time, when fifteen years old, 10unkind treatment which she received from the court, 10, 11her interview with Cardinal de Rohan concerning the 22 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. affair of the diamond necklace, and dialogue between the king and the cardinal in her presence, 14lamented the want of energy in the king, 25her remarks on his character, ib.an- ~cdote illustrating the contrast between the characters of the king and queen, 26her firmness on the terrible 16th of Au- gust, 30 et seq. Antwerp, sequestration of American property at, under the French imperial decrees, xxiii. 392considerations regarding, 394 their masterly statement by Mr Gallatin, 404. Aost, Leper of, translated from Lemaistre, noticed, xxi. 243. Apalache, town of, taken by Narvaez, xiii. 65. Apalachian mountains, uniformity of, xiii. 54. Apocal~ypse, present state of the seven churches mentioned in, iv. 187. Apollo Belvidere, compared by West to a Mohawk warrior, iv. 267. Apollonius Dyscolus, his work on Greek adverbs cited, x. 235. passages from, in Coplestons Lectures, xii. 13. Approbation, Dr Smiths explanation of the sentiments of, viii. 374this explanation examined, 377shown not to be founded exclusively on sympathy, 378is a sentiment entirely distinct from it, though often coinciding with it, 382. Aquidneck, or Rhode Island, xxiii. 454. Aquinas, Thomas, the angelic doctor, xviii. 262. Arabians in Persia, iii. 173. in Persia, anecdote of, iv. 301. philosophy of the, xviii. 258. Arabic manuscripts, V. 288. Arabic, modern, the lexicons of it imperfect, x. 232an ample one said to exist at Hernnhut, 233. understood by many natives of the western parts of Afri- ca, xviii. 77. Arabs, Algerine, xxii. 428. Arabs of the African desert, account of, by Captain Riley, v. 398 barbarity of their women, 399their character, 403their manner of life, 404their education, ib. Areil Sea, rapidity of the retrocession of, xxv. 315. Araucana, The, an epic poem of Ercilla, xviii. 294.the best of which America has furnished the subject, 295. ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 23 Araucanians in Chili, xviii. 294. Architecture in America and Europe, xii. 181 et seq.St Peters, 181Parthenon and temple of Theseus, 183Gothic, 185. Arden, Francis, his Translation of Ovid, reviewed, xv. 348 et seq. Areopagitica, Miltons, quotation from, xxv. 83. Argos, its plain contains very important remains of antiquity, xi. 282. Arguelles, a Spanish orator, account of, xiv. 363. Ankara Indians, account of, iv. 121. Aniosto, compared with Tasso, xv. 99whether an epic poet, 101. his narratives complicated and interrupted, xix. 367no poet so universally read by the Italians, ib.called by his rival Tasso the Homer of Ferrara, 368first edition of his Orlando Furioso, 359his birth and early studies, 359 et seq.reply of the Cardinal Hippolito on being presented by him with the first copy of the Orlando Furioso, 360employed in public service, 361latter portion of his life passed in comparative retirement, ib.wrote satires and comedies, ib.his disposition and habits, 362wrote in the ottava nina, 363his fiction often borrowed from the ancients, 364beauty of his style, 365his great work went through six editions during his lifetime, ib. Aristarchus, persecuted for maintaining the Copernican system, xii. 155. Aristides an example of the influence of the imagination in disease, viii. 233. Aristocracy, an hereditary one of no advantage to the community, xi. 80 et seq.the English aristocracy is substantially one of wealth, 82. Aristophanes, quoted, xiii. 156. Mitchells Translation of, reviewed, xiv. 273opin- ions of Hurd, Gillies, La Harpe, Barth~kmy, A. W. Schlegel, 274 et seq.F. Schlegels remarks on, 277how esteemed by the Germans, 280 et seq.and by the English, 282 et seq. Wielands remarks on, 284three reasons why he assailed the Sophists in the character of Socrates, refuted, 287 et seq.re- marks on his personal character, 290 et seq.his attack xi Euripides, 294. Aristotle, a new edition of his Ethics, by Coray, noticed, xvii. 389. 24 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Aristotle, influence of his name and opinions, iv. Siwhen and by whom first called in question, 81. leading principles of political economy found in the works of, vii. 402. labors of, in natural history and anatomy, viii. 244 his influence upon these sciences, 246. method of induction used by, xiv. 130singular fate of his writings, 309. his philosophy the basis on which the intellectual phi- losophers of modern times have built their systems, xviii. 245. parallel betwen him and Plato, 246his character, 249con- futes Platos doctrine of ideas, 251. Arithmetic of Lacroix, xiii. 366 et seq. Arkansas Territory, grand saline of, described, iv. 127. - history of, xv. 235. - description of, xvi. 64 et seq...town of, 65. river till lately little known, 59. Arkwrigkt, his cotton machinery, xiv. 403, 408account of, 408. Armatolis, a species of militia in Turkey, xviii. 130. Arminian party in Holland, character and origin of vi. 185 headed by De Witt, 186its obscurity during the reign of Wil- liam III., 188its subsequent revival and influence, 189. Armories and arsenals in the United States, xxiii. 247. Army of the United States, complete code of legislation concern- ing, contained in Crosss publication, xxiii 245its state and numbers after the revolutionary war, 246in 1790, ib.during the Indian wars in Washingtons administration, 247its aug- mentation during that of Mr Adams, 248its reduction in 1800, 249its further reduction by Mr Jefferson, ib.and sub- sequent increase authorized in 1808, ibnot carried into ef- fect till 1812, 250additional augmentations authorized, ib. nominal amount of force during the war, ib.causes of its being merely nominal, ib.state and numbers of the army after the peace of 1815, ib.its unprepared state before the last war, 252 peace establishment determined by Congress, 253a further ,reduction in 1820, ib.bad state of the army tactics, & c. in 1812, ib.improvement since taken place, 254irregularity and incongruity of the army legislation, ibr.mutations in the ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 25 artillery, 5255inconsistencies in other corps, ib.distribution of the army, 5273. Arnoldi, Rev. S., his successful instruction of the deaf and dumb, v. 435. Arrao-Madsimano, governor of Matsmai, and friendly to the Rus- sian prisoners, x. 55. Arrowsmith, has copied M. de Humboldts map of Mexico, xvi. 524. Arsenals and armories in the United States, xxiii. 247. Article, the indefinite, origin and use of, v. 95 et seq. Artillery, school for the practice of, xxiii. 274. Artists, in Boston enumerated,ii. 158 etseq. Arts, fine, improvement in, precedes refinement of society, i. 186. papers on, in the Transactions of the Institute for 1813, and 1814, ii. 55. in America, xi. 86architecture, 87. Arts, the influence of science upon, viii. 1652. Transactions of the London and New York Societies for the promotion of, xiv. 401. See JiJiachinery. Aschamn, his point.ed remark concerning the introduction of Ital- ian literature into England, xix. 338. ~asclepiada?, a Grecian medical sect founded by Esculapius, viii. 234. Asciepiades of Bithynia, a celebrated physician at Rome, viii. 248. Ashe, Thomas, the traveller, his theft of fossil bones, iii. 230. ________ xiv. 40, 452, 49. Asia, seven churches of, mentioned in the Apocalypse, present state of, iv. 187. vocabularies of the languages of, xxv. 27Mr Du Ponceaus remarks on the relation of; to those of America, 29. Asitus, a Carthaginian writer, x. 52527 Assawampset Pond in Middleborough, Massachusetts, v. 313. Asthma, use of stramonium in, vi. 3652. Astrology, after astronomy, xii. 169natural and judicial, 170. Astronomers, royal, xx. 3520Flanisteed, ib.Halley, ib.Brad- ley, 35252Bliss, ib.Maskelyne, 3523Pond, 325. Astronomical observations, effects of the dispersion of light on, iii. 40. 4 26 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Astronomical observations, and admeasurements, by baron Hum- boldt, xvi. 17. Astronomy, Fergusons, Brewsters edition of, vi. 205poorly taught by orreries and planetariums, 206objects of the sci- ence and mode of presenting them, 207attention to, among the ancients, ib.modern discoveries in Europe, 208pro- gress in, among the Eastern nations, 209invention of the cal- culus in relation to, ib.what kind of an elementary system of, is desirable, 210Dr Brewster on the progress of, 212on the new planets as affecting the regular laws of the science of, 213 New German Journal of, 411. Astronomy, History of, by J. S. Bailly, reviewed, xii. 150 et seq. remarks on, ib.cultivnted from the earliest times, ib.the most improved science, 151history of, 152 et seq.persecu- tion of the followers of the Copernican system, 155discoveries of Kepler, 156Newton, 157hypothesis of Bailly respecting its antiquity, 160relics of antediluvian astronomy, 161 among the most ancient nations derived from one source, ib. the Great Bear, so called by the Iroquois and the people of Asia, 162names of the days of the week, ib.present state of, in India, ib.Baillys hypothesis confuted, 166Indian books, 167. modern, way to its improvement opened by Coperni- cus, Kepler, and Newton, xx. 309its great progress in the last hundred years, ib~Dr Bradleys observations, 310 to 315 instruments, 315 et seq advancement of astronomy by ob- servations at Greenwich, 319astronomers royal, 320 et seq. observations of Herschel and Schroeter, 326of Messier, 327 Pons, & c. 328physical astronomy, 329problem of the three bodies, ib.lunar theory, 336 et seq:planetary motions, 338 et seq.newly (iscovered planets, 343 et seq.Jupiters satellites, 345comets, 347 et seq.figure of the earth, 350 precession of the equinoxes, 356 et seq.theory of the tides, 357eminent astronomical writers, 358. Astruc, supposes Moses to have used twelve documents, in compil- ing the books of Genesis and Exodus, xvii. 133. Asylum for the deaf and dumb at Hartford, xix. 483. Atala, an Indian story, xx. 210. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. Atheism, xii. 256, 375. Athena3um, Boston, plan for lectures at, i. 133. order of House of Representatives concerning, ii. 313. library of, ix. 247. Report of a committee of the trustees of, xxiii, 204extract from the report, 207its prosperous state, ib. Catalogue of books, xxiv. 477number of, 477 et seq.property of, 479. Athenceum Gallery, exhibition of paintings in the, xxv. 227. Athenian character, remarks on, xiii. 158laws of Draco, 426. Athens, the degeneracy of modern Athens exaggerated, xi. 278 explanation of the name Set/tines given to it, ib. Byrons remarks on, xiii. 458the Parthenon, 459. ____ xiv. 277sophists of, 286 et seq.comedy and manners of the Athenians, 289 et seq.language of, 397. government of, its anomalous and uncertain character, xx. 434not probably the cause of its high state of literature and refinement, ib.reasons of Madame de Stahl, why its citizens engaged in the study of the polite arts, 435. dialect of, the standard of purity of the Greek, xxiii. 88. Athens, a Poem, reviewed, xix. 47. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, proposed canal connecting, xxiv. 15its great importance, 16practicability of making it serve for ships, ib. Atlantic Souvenir, noticed, xxii. 444an imitation of the German year books, ib.indicates and promotes a growing taste, 445 beautifully published, ib.its contents, ib. ____________ excellence of its execution, xxiv. 229second volume equal to the first, 230. Atlantis, an American Journal published in Germany, utility of, xxiv. 227. Atlases, American, by Mr Tanner, and Mr Lucas, reviewed, xviii. 382-their general accuracy and excellence, 383. See Tanners Atlas, and Lucass Cabinet Atlas. Atmosphere, effects of the diffusive power of, on astronomical ob- servations, iii. 40. Atomic system of the ancients, xviii. 268 et seq. 28 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Atuas, spiritual beings in the religion of the New-Zealanders, xviii. 353. Atwater, of Ohio, on American antiquities, xii. 237 et seq.com- mended, 246. Auction system, pamphlet relating to the, noticed, xx. 229con- tains arguments against this system, 230. Audiencias Reales, principal courts of justice in the Spanish colo~ flies, xix. 171remarks on by Mr Mendez, 173. Augustan age of Italian literature, iv. 309. Augustin, xxii. 412. Augustine, or improved portable stove, ii. 306. Aurora, countess of Kdnigsmark, xii. 282. Austen, Capt. Henry, his account of an excursion to Bagdad, iv. 329. Australasia, possession of, taken by Great Britain, xxiv, 392. Austria, excessive dislike of, in France, i. 105. territorial changes of, during the French revolution, vii. 44loss of territory by, at the treaties of Luneville, Presburgh, and Vienna, 45empire of established at the peace in 1815, 58. speech of the emperor of, to the Hungarian deputies, xiv. 364 et seq. cause of her alliance with France, which was contracted in the year 1755, and consolidated by the marriage between Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI, xviii. 4. Austrian cabinet, its semi-official publication of opinions on the politics of Europe and America, xxiii. 305its proposition with regard to the new governments on the American continent, 310. Authority, the foundation of the common law, xix, 449effects of excessive veneration for it, 420. Authors, present and posthumous fame of, xii. l3in the United States, not encouraged by booksellers, 216. Authorship of popular works, frequent difficulties in deciding, xxi. 388of the classical writings of antiquity, 389. Autumnal Hymn of the Husbandman, xxii. 440. Avarice, regarded by Dr Brown, as a modification of the love of power, xxi, 23this opinion controverted, ib.its final cause, 23, 24. Avon, the river, a French travellers account of, ii. 245. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 29 Ayres, Dr, agent of the colonization society at Mesurado, xviii. 53 et seq. Azores, remarks on the discovery and settlement of, xiv. 34 et seqcharacter and condition of the inhabitants, 38 et seq. climate, agriculture, and commerce, 39 et seq.geology of, 41 et seq.earthquake and volcano in 1811, 46. B Babylon, ruins of, their extent and appearance, ii. 183descrip- tion of, 184, 186 et seq.of the search for bricks among, 188 story of the existence of satyrs at, 191most stupendous of the remains of, 192tower, sepulchre, or pyramid of Belus, 194 its probable identity with the tower of Babel, 194. ______ ruins of, iv. 341bricks og 342manner of cement- ing and laying them, 345 et seq. Bachelor of Salamanca, a novel, translated from the Spanish by Lesage, was probably the foundation of Gil Blas, xxv. 303its great resemblance to that romance, 304 et seq. Bacon, Leonard, his Plea for Africa, xxi. 462. Bacon, Lord, his opinion of Machiavel, v. 347. x. 19his Novum Organum, x. 24. cited, xii. 381. his letters to Coke, xiii. 260, 283his animosity against Coke, 261, 268, 272his praise of Cokes conduct in Overburys case, 262his conduct in the case of coinmendams, 266 et seq.interested in Cokes disgrace, 270his praise of Cokes Reports, 279his remarks on the power of learning, 336. his essays, xiv. 320. his Life by Mallet, reviewed, xvi. 300 et seq.Mr Humes opinion of him controverted, ib.first praised by the learned of foreign nations, 301lord Bacons moral courage, 303his relation ~vith the earl of Essex, 305defends the pop- 30 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. ular side in the House of Commons, 310Lord Bacon accepta- ble to the house of commons, ib.the causes of his downfall ex- amined 311 et seq.--instances of his having received money stat- ed on his trial, 313 et seq.message of James relative to him, 316 Bacons letter to the house of Lords, 318their answer, ib. his letter to James, 319gives up his defence, 320the con- fession of lord Bacon~ extracted, 324 et seq.House of Lords dis- satisfied, ib.his fuller confession, 328sentence pronounced, 329king remits part of his sentence, 330pardons him, 331. Bacon, Lord, his theory of induction bears a close resemblance to the principles of Aristotle, xviii. 252. __________ his inductive method of reasoning, xix. 3distinction between the method itself, and Bacons interpretation of it, ib. his definition of Poesy, xxi. 217. on attendance of courts, xxii. 27his remarks on improvement in laws, 253quoted, 258. ______ his remark with regard to history, xxiii. 275. Bacon, Matthew, his Abridgment of Law, xxiii. 7chiefly extract- ed from manuscripts of Lord Gilbert, ib.its character, 8. Bacon, Roger, xviii. 264. Baden, its university, x. 132. Baliaram, one of the kings of Persia, anecdotes relating to, iv. 296. Baillie, Miss, approaches nearest the ancient drama, xvi. 2S4. Baill~i, his History of Astronomy, reviewed, xii. 150 et seq. xx. 328his fate, ib.his astronomical labors noticed, 345. Bainbridge, Commodore, his visit to Constantinople, x. 169. ______ and Decatur, command an expedition against Algiers, xxii. 422. Balance of trade, remarks on the use of the term, ix. 223an un- favorable one necessary to commerce, 227. absurdity of the common doctrine in respect to it, x. 330. _______ discussed, xvii. 191 et seq. See Prospect be fore us. Baldwin, Dr, botanist of the expedition to the Rocky Mountains, his death lamented, xvi. 243. I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 31 Baldwin, Loammi, report of, relating to public works in Virginia, viii. 7 et seq. Ballads, their origin from the body of the people, xxiii. 125 their importance in Scotland and Spain, ib.causes of this in the political relations of these countries, 126Spanish ballads relating to the Moors, ib.character of, 130Scottish, 128 their character changed under James the Sixth, 132their in- fluence upon a people, 140their value to the antiquarian, 141 relation of those of different people, ib. Ballot, objection of Mr Bristed to elections by, vii. 408. Baltic sea, duties levied on ships entering, xxiii. 457. Baltimore, an account of the fever there noticed, x. 386history of the fever, 405. conduct of; in regard to the yellow fever, xii. 175. interesting account of recaptured negroes examined at that place, and restored to their homes in Africa, xviii. 71 plan of; 414its elegance and accuracy, ib.public buildings in Baltimore, superior to those in any part of the Union, ib. city of, several works relating to the, reviewed, xx. 99~ its rapid growth in population and importance, l00compar.~ ed with Odessa and Liverpool, ib.its first settlement, 102 its slow increase till the revolution, 103its trade in tobacco~ 103, 104in flour, corn, and fish, 105its shipping in 1790, 106emigrants from St Domingo, 106, 107its 9arrying trade,, 107, 108to the East Indies, 108effects of commercial em- barrassments upon it, 109, 110of the war with Great Britain, 111, 112state of its commerce after the peace of 1815, 114 embarrassments occasioned by management of the banks, 106 et seq.decline of its prosperity, 115 et seq.tables of exports for 1822, 1823, 119 et seq.its flour market and mills, 122, 123amount of articles inspected, 124its manufacturing in- terest, ib.advantages of its situation for manufactures, 125 its water power, 126its cotton factories, 127, 128its manu- factures of iron, copper, glass, & c. 129, 130its future pros- pects, 130 et seq.its Athenaeum, 137corrected table of wa- ter power in the vicinity of, 414. remarkable increase of the city of; xxv. 63real cause of the check to its prosperity, ib.importance of a communi NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. cation be tween it and the states beyond the Alleganies, 64 projected canal, ib.projected rail road, 65its advantageous position for a railway, 69advantages to be derived from it, 69. Baltimore, Lord, Verplancks account og viii. 429. proprietary of Maryland, xv. 24. settlement of Maryland by, xxiii. 457. Bancroft, George, his Translation of Heeren, reviewed, xviii. 390 his work indicates a perfect command of the German lan- guage, 406a valuable acquisition to the American public, ib. implies an extensive range of classical learning in the transla- tor, ib. his edition of Jacobs Latin Reader, xxi. 246. Bank, National, new project for, ii. 364of England, its connex- ion with the finance of the nation, 363. Bank in Boston, pamphlets relating to, iv. 1. Bank of the United States, taxed by Maryland, and the question brought before the Supreme Court of the United States, x. I 10~ ___________________ abuses in first management of, xii. 305. Banks in the United States, ii. 371transactions and solvency of, 372 et seqstate of during the war, 375of the best kind of capital for, 377. justice and policy of taxing the capital stock of, xix. 256. their suspension of specie payments, xx. 112consequent evils, 113, 114, 116course pursued by the United States Bank, & c. 117its consequences, 118. and currency of New England, remarks on, noticed, xxii. 467course of exchange between the Boston and the country banks, 468operation of the allied banks, 469. Bankrupt laws, necessity of, arising out of the existence of credit, vii. 27notice of, as existing in different countries, 28princi- pal advantages og 29have failed in enabling creditors to check the debtors career, 30differences between the French and English system of, 30advantage of in giving an equal chance to creditors, 32and in securing the property of the debtor, 33objection to, that they multiply crimes, considered, 34punishments for fraud, under, 35provisions of, for the re- lief and protection of the debtor, ib.advantages of, often claim- xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 33 ed for persons not traders, 37importance of, in the United States, 38. Bankruptcy in the United States, iii. 98. mistaken notion about, xiii. 419. general principles of the law of, stated by Dane, xxiii. 36. Baptists in America, xviii. 173. Bar, American, character of, ii. 3552. Bar, of Suffolk, xxi. 2525 et seq.English, its declining state and deficiency of talent, 387. Barataria, pirates of, their conduct in the war in Louisiana, in. 241accepted as volunteers, 5245. Barbadoes, Bottas description of the hurricane of 1780 in, xiii. 195. Barbarian, etymology and meaning of the term, xiii. 155 et seq. l3arbarossa, two brothers, pirates, xxii. 413seize the power of Algiers, 414. Barbaroux, his posthumous memoirs relating to the French revo- lution, xviii. 529. Barban, states, policy of the civilized nations in respect to them, x. 169. _______ their existence a disgrace to the civilized na- tions, xxii. 410their savage policy, 411needlessly submitted to by the Christian states, ib. Barbauld, Mrs, her Works, xxiii. 368her character among female writers, 369account of her life and writings, 370her hus- band, 371her intellectual and moral qualities, 3752her mod- ci in writing, 373 her character as a writer, ib.her taste, 375 style, ib.moral and devotional spirit, ib.her works no- ticed, 376extracts from, 377 et seq.her correspondence, 380her miscellaneous works of unequal merit, 381her re- marks on education, 3852on prejudice, 383. Barcelona, sea laws of, xiii. 17 et seq. Barillon, his intercourse with and opinion of Algernon Sydney, xiv. 75 et seq. Baring, Alexander, his opinion on the importance to England of the American trade, x. 360. Barloui, Joel, his poetical character and writings, vii. 52052. 5 34 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Barlow, Joel, his manner of treating Louis XVI in the Columbiad, viii. 443. his Columbiad, how regarded in the United States, xiii. 29. his Columbiad, character of, xiv. 7. American minister in France, his negotiations for in- demnity for French spoliations, xxiii. 398death at Wilna, 399. Barnabas, specimen of his mode of interpretation, xiv. 392. Barnard, Samuel, his Polyglot grammnr, xxi. 464. Barneveit, Olden, leader of the Arminian party in Holland, vi. 185his death, 186. Barometer, its possible connexion with magnetism and electricity, xxii. 10. Barratry, in the master of a vessel, decision concerning, vii. 190. Barr~, Colonel, xv. 328, 331. - xxii. 200reason for his conduct in relation to the Boston port bill, 201. Barretts English grammar reviewed, xii. 310account of him, 311his biographical sketches, 313ideas on the languages, the French in particular, 314 et seq.on female education, 316. Barros, Jos6, his resistance of the government ofPernambuco, v.234. Barrow, x. 19. Barruel, gives a list of thirty ways of representing the same sound in French, x. 280. Barth6bSwy, Abb6, his plan of fictitious Travels in Italy, iv. 318. x. 121collector of Phu~nician coins, 227. cited, xiv. 50his opinion of Aristophanes, 274. Barton, his account of Hingham, xv. 310, 314. Barton, Benjamin S., account of him and of his botanical works, xiii. 111. Barton, W. P. C., his American Vegetable IViateria Medica, announced, v. 434. his Vegetable Materia Medica of the Unit- ed States, reviewed, vi. 344account of his work, 351his ac- count of the winter-green, 352of the blood-root, 353of the dog-wood, 356of the fever-root, 357-of the plant called In- dian Physic, 358faults of his work, 359. account of his botanical works, xiii. 119. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 35 Bartram, the botanist, xiii. 105. Barytes, sulphate of, from Hatfield, analysis of, i. 373. Basalt, supposed occurrence of, near Boston, viii. 4151. Basaltic columns near Northampton, i. 337. Bassano, duke of, his character ii. 174. Batavian republic, establishment of, vii. 50. Bath, a French travellers account of, ii. S244accomodation at the inns of, 5144. Bayer, P., collector of Phcenician coins, x. 51517 et seq. Bay of Treachery, in Japan, why so called, x. 551. Bayonne decree, for seizing all American vessels in the ports of France, xxiii. 390its pretence, ib. Bayous of Louisiana, iii. 5147. Beach, Samuel B., his Escalala, an American Tale, reviewed, xx. 5110his poetical license, 5114. Bear, polar, ludicrous story of, ii. 13. American, facts respecting its young, xiii. 56. Beattie, Dr, his remark on the degeneration of the English lan- guage, iii. 358. Beauchamp, M., his antiquarian researches in Persia, iv. 333 et seq.quotation from Major Rennel relating to the ruins of an- cient Babylon, 341, 349. Beaujour, Felix de, his Sketch of the United States, ii. 68his ob- jects in the composition of the work, 69his account of the physical aspect of the United States, 69 et seqhis opinion of its government, quoted, 71his description of the principal towns, 77of the military system and means of defence, 78 of the internal system of police, 79division of parties and ac- count of them, SOof the character of the Americans, 83his antipathy to lawyers, 84his account of the bankrupt laws, ib. of the literature, religion, and manners of Americans, 87 et seqof the personal appearance of the two sexes, 93his ac- count of commercial relations, 95of political relations, 96 his reasoning respecting South America, quoted, 96 et seq.his remarks on the proper centre of trade, 97. Beaumarchais, account of his Manage de Figaro, x. 315strange conduct of the government relative to it, ib. his agency, in the assistance given to the United 36 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [vobs. States by France, xxiv. 96has given rise to the Beaumarchais claims, 97. Beaumont and Fletcher, their strong and correct pictures of na- ture, xvi. 131. Beaumont, J. T. Barber, strictures on his essay upon peital juris- diction, xiii. 428. Beauty, review of an article on, in the Encyclopa~dia Britannica, vii. 1-of the inquiry into the nature of, ib.variety of objects to which the term is applied, 2sources of the pleasure derived from the perception of ib.not resolvable into any one princi- ple, 4nothing in common to all the objects possessed of, ib. nature of the emotion produced by, according to Mr Alison, 6 theory of, by Mr Jeffrey, 7objections to it, 10emotions of beauty peculiar only in degree, 17difference in the sources of, in different persons, 18beauty of colors and sounds, 20. Beccaria, Morellets anecdotes of; xv. 328, 330his Crimes and Punishments translated by Morellet, 329. remark of, on the punishment by death, quoted, xvii. 260his distinction between the rights of governments and of the people to inflict death, 265. Bedoween Arabs, xi. 302. Beer, ginger, recipe for making, i. 178. Beggars in London, ii. 178anecdote of one, ib. Beg/i, Ulugh, grandson of Tamerlane, made improvements in as- tronomy, xii. 154. Bell aim, Martin, his globe and discoveries, xiv. 25 et seq. Bebring, his voyage, xv. 376. Bekker, professor, sent to transcribe Gaius Institutions, xii. 390 finds the lost manuscript of Aristophanes, 391editor of Plato and Apollonius Dyscolus, ib. Belknap, Dr. quoted, xvi. 388. his History of New Hampshire, and other works, xviii. 34. his history of Ne~v Hampshire, xx. 449grant to, by the state, ib. Bell, Dr, practised the Monitorial system of instruction near Ma- dras, xviii. 184. J3ellay, Eustachc du, his advice with respect to the Jesuits, vii. 113. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 37 Bellerman, Dr, of Berlin, his inquiries on the subject of PhcQnician antiquities, x. 226proposes a Thesaurus Phrnicio-Punicus, 226, 223title of his programs, 228. Belus, remains of the tower, pyramid, or sepulchre of, ii. 194 its probable identity with the tower of Babel, 197measure- ment of, compared, 195. Benefit of clergy, origin of the phrase, iii. 167. Bengel, his labors on the criticism of the New Testament, xv. 477. Bentalou, Paul, his Reply to Judge Johnson, xxiii. 414. Bent ham, Jeremy, his error ~vith respect to the president of the United States, x. 344his style of writing, 364. _______ his proposals to write Codes of Law for different nations, xx. 414. Bentley, Mr, cited, xii. 167 et seq. Bentley, Richard, Dr, xiv. 276. on the various readings of the New Testa- ment, xv. 475, 476. Berat, where Ali Pacha was for several ,years in his youth confin- ed as a prisoner, xviii. 112. Berbers, their language, whether original, or a remnant of the old Punic, xxii. 11their residence, 429. See Berrebbers. Berkeley, Bishop, account of his connexion with the American Colonies, viii. 436his character, 437remarks on his philo- sophical works, 439his attack on the mathematicians, noticed, 440. Berkeley, William, governor of Virginia, remarkable letter of, xxiii. 285. Berlin decree, xxiii. 387its operation principally on American commerce, 388rigorous construction given to it, ib..followed by British orders in council, 389. Bermuda or Summer Isles, anecdotes from Qaptain Smiths ac- count of, iv. 150remarkable voyage from, to Ireland, 152. Bernadotte, Crown Prince of Sweden, Madame de StaiAs charac- ter of, viii. 53. Bernard, General, his remark on the instruction of militia, xix. ~283his letter to General Sumner, 297. Bem nard, Governor, desirous of making forgery capital, xiii. 430. 38 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Berni, his Rifacimento of Bojardos Innamorato, xix. 355case of coincidence between him and Shakspeare, 356his smaller pieces, 357his life passed chiefly at Rome, ib.his style ex- ceedingly elaborated, 358. Bernini, his style of sculpture, x. 372both painter and sculptor, 325. Berrebbers a tribe inhabiting Morocco, v. 408. See Berbers. Berrenoft; a merchant, establishes a Russian settlement at Norfolk Sound. ii. 302. Berzelias, discovery of a new earth by, vi. 145. Bessel, F. W. a German astronomer, x. 270. his Fundamenta Astronomia~, xx. 309astrono- mer royal at Konigsberg, reduces the observations of Bradley, 311account of this work, 312 et seq. Beza, his edition of the New Testament, xv .470. Bible, importance of studying the original languages of, xiv. 51 et seq.merits of the English translation, 53has suffered from interpreters, 391allegorical interpretation, 391Cocceian in- terpretation, 393Turretin s interpretation, 394-.-Ernestis ele- ments of interpretation, 395 et seqlanguage of the New Tes- tament, 396 et seq.Septuagint, 398a work on the interpre- tation of the Old Testament a desideratum, 400. its character as an intellectual production, xxi. 266, 268 compared with the writings of Homer, 267. Bible Society, Journal of, vi. 419. Bibliography, science of, Dibdins letter concerning, ii. 46. Biblioteca Americana, a periodical work in the Spanish Language, xix. 168its objects and character, l69translations from it, 169, 170, 173. Bichat, Xavier, his experiments by venous injections, xiv. 256. - his General Anatomy, translated by Tlayward, re- viewed, xv. 132his private history, 137his treatise on the Membranes, 140his remarks on the phenomena of Life and Death, 140his professional zeal, 141, 142his death, 142 character of, 143his system of general anatomy explained and discussed, 144, l54compared with hunter, 161. - his remark on the materia medica, xvi. 373. Biddle, Mr, extracts from his Address before the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, xix. 335. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. Biddle, Nicholas, his Eu logium on Thomas Jefferson, noticed, xxv. 5233. Bienvenu bayou near New Orleans, description of, iii. 5246. Bigelow, Jacob, his Inaugural Address as Rumford Professor in Harvard University, iv. 5271. his proposed work on American f~~tedical Botany, v. 434his Flora Novanglica, 434. - his American Medical Botany, reviewed, vi. 344 extract from his preface, 361his account of the thorn-apple, ibthe thoroughwort, 363of poke-root, ib.of dragon-root, 364of gold-thread, 365of blood-root, 366of fever-root, ib.of the poison sumach or dogwood, 367. - his American Medical Botany, reviewed, ix. 23. - his American Medical Botany, reviewed, xiii. 100, 15252his Florula Bostoniensis and Smiths Introduction to Bot- any, 1521his description of the White mountains, 1352. his second edition of his Florula Bostoniensis, no- ticed, xx. 52521its numerous additions and improvements, 25252, et seq. Bigelow, Tyler, his Address before the Peace Society, xviii. 409. Biographic Moderne, a French work, notice of some of the singu- lar misstatements of, i. 3528. Biographies of distinguished individuals, vi. 78comparative fre- quency of in modern times, 79character of those of France, & c., SOauto-biographies, 81various circumstances affecting the interest of, 852. Biography, its importance as a department of literature, vi. 294. of literary men, deficiencies of, ix. 58advantage of its being written by the subject himself, 59. legal, a desideratum, xiii. 5255. Biot, his suggestion with respect to the entrance of the sun into Leo, in the Zodiac, xvii. 5238. Birch, his labors on th~ New Testament, xv. 480, 481. Birkbeck, Morris, his Letters from Illinois reviewed, viii. 347his objects in coming to America, 348his representations not to be admitted without qualifications, 349his account of the wages of human labor, 351his inconsistency, 3552his re 4O NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. marks on the pernicious influence of land speculations, 352 his account of the state of society in the West, 354exhibits a contempt of all religion, 356his pretended letters from others on the subject of religion, 358remarks on his work, 359. Birmingham, attempt to procure a representation for, in parlia- ment, xxv. 396. Biron, a Norwegian, said to have discovered Newfoundland, xv. 33. Biscaries of Algiers, xxii. 428. Bitumen, use of, in building, iv. 341. Blackbey, signification of this title, xi. 290. Black Dwa~f, The, by the Author of Waverley, notice og and ex- tracts from, v. 264criticism on the character of the principal character in, 266. Black Rock on the Niagara, ii. 321. Black Sea, Dearborns Memoir on its Commerce and Navigation, reviewed, x. l68account of the attempts made by Americans to open the trade thither, 170the question of the importance and practicability of this trade discussed, 172, et seq.compari- son of the trade with Russia by the way of the Black Sea and the Baltic, l76irnaginary dangers of the Black Sea, 177. duty of America to open the trade, ib..two ways in which it might be carried on at Odessa, 181what nations enjoy it, ib. Blackstone, Sir William, his Commentaries, noticed, vi. 52Sir William Joness remark on, 53. his Commentaries delivered as lectures, x. 129. xii. 211215. _____ xix. 411. his remark on the Law of Insurance, xx. 51cited, 414value of his Commentaries, 415. his opinion of the jurisdiction of the King, in questions between his provinces in America, xxi. 121 received by the colonists as an expositor of their law, 127. xxiii. 9gives authority to the notion of the superior excellence of the common law, 199. Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine, review of an article from, on the state of learning in the United States, ix. 240account of GENERAL INDEX. 41 1 XXV. academies and collegies contained in, 241of the habits of students, 244of public libraries, 246of the professions, 250 of the senate, 252of the clergy, 254. Blanco T~FIdte, his Spanish Varieties, a periodical work, noticed, xxi. 467his former publication, ib.the present devoted to the affairs of South America, 468commended, ib. Bland, Judge, cited, xix. 196. Blane, Gilbert, his estimate of the mortality, during different pe- riods, from the small-pox, xiii. 306 Ct seq. Blank verse, importance of rigidly observing the laws of its me- chanical construction, xxiii. 331its rhythm illustrated by refer- ence to music, 332not rhetorical, ib.its capacities, ib. Burkes remark respecting it, 333. Blaxton, Win., sole occupant of the isthmus of Boston, xv. 257. Bliss, astronomer royal, unworthy of the office, xx. 322. Blodget, his Statistical Manual for the United States, iii. 348. Blood, circulation of, xiv. 354. BloomJield, the poet, viii. 302. overrated, xiv. 104. I3lumenbach, arranges the human species in five divisions, xvii. 19 his rule for determining the identity of species, 30. on the varieties of the human race, xix. 405his ar- rangement rather the result of convenience than necessity, 407. Blunt, Joseph, his Historical Sketch of the Formation of the Con~ federacy, noticed, xxii. 460. Board of Health in Boston, their report relative to the fever, no- ticed, x. 386consequences of their opinion on the subject of contagion, 412the board badly constituted, 415. Bobadilla despatched by Ferdinand to supersede Columbus, xxiv. 291his treatment of Columbus not unauthorized, 292did not exceed his authority, ib.directions from the king, 293 Ferdinand responsible for his acts, 294. Boccaccio, notice of his Decameron, xix. 68, et seq.his birthplace and parentage unknown, 69his family resided in Florence, ib. was educated in that city, 70his poetic enthusiasm first ex- cited by visiting the tomb of Virgil, ib.attempted to study law, and wrote voluminous works on mythology, geography, and history, 71his intimacy with Petrarca, 72these two friends 6 42 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. were instrumental in introducing the study of Greek into Italy, 73Boccaccio resided for a time at Naples, and was often em- ployed by his countrymen on political missions, and difficult ne- gociations, 74lectured on Dante, ib.died at his patrimony of Certaldo, ib.singular incident of his conversion through the agency of Petrarca, 75remarks on his Latin treatises, 76his Latin poetry and Italian prose, 77origin, scene, and purpose of the Decameron, 73peculiar merit of this work, 33good and bad traits of the Decameron, 35. Bocliart, his work on the animals mentioned in the scriptures, xix. 33. Bode, his introduction to astronomy, x. 261his astronomical ephemeris, 263. Bode, his work against Mills New Testament, xv. 475. Bode, George Henry, his dissertation on the Orphic poetry, xxi. 39:3his objects, ib.size of his work, ib.the prolegomena, 394his opinion of the period of the Orphic poetry, 395of the country of it, ib.of its nature, 396his character as a scholar, 397emigration to the United States, ib. Bodoni, celebrated printer at Parma, x. 6. Bogota, present capital of Colombia, xxi. 162, 167its Congress Halls described by Captain Cochrane, 167. Bohnenberger, a German astronomer, x. 268. Bojardo, author of the Italian epic, Orlando Innamorato, xix. 353 surpasses all other Italian writers in the exhibition of fancy, 354. Boileau, translation of the third Satire of, iv. 207.translation of the second Satire of, 361of the epigrams of, 364. translation of the fourth Satire of, v. 34sixth Satire, 39 ninth Satire, 138. translation of his eighth Satire, on Man, vi. 242. translation of the first Satire of, vii. 120. his conduct on the acting of the Britannicus of Racine, x. 300. his commendation of Milton, xix. 339censure of Tasso, ib. Bokhara, capital of Bukharia, description of, xxv. 320palace of the Khan in, 321its buildings, colleges, inns, & c. ib.its trade and population, 322. I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 43 Bolingbroke, Lord, remark of, on the study of modern history, in. 292. Bolivar, his address to the Congress of Venezuela, quoted, xix~ 162. his address to the Congress of Venezuela, xx. 78. cited, xxi. 165dictator of Colombia, 166his brilliant reputation, 171birth and education, ib.devoted to South American Jndpendence, ib.his zeal and efforts, 172his character, 173his munificence to the schools of his native city, 442. his remark respecting the Congress at Panamh, xxii. 164. his speech to the Congress of 1819, xxiii. 320. his arrival in Bogotit, in consequence of the insurrection of Paez, xxv. 108assumes the dictatorial authority, 109his conduct in allaying the revolutionary ferment, 109 et seq.ob- scurity of his present conduct and character, 110remarks on the career and future conduct og 178propriety of comparing him with Washington, 179. Boll?nann, Erick, Dr, his Plan for the Money Concerns of the Union ii. 362is a new project for a national bank, 364proposes the substitution of a paper medium of circulation, 367his estimate of the amount of circulating medium in the United States, 370. , his attempt to rescue Lafayette, xx~ 165 et seq. is taken by the Austrians, 167trial and escape, 168. Bolton, Thomas, his Oration delivered in ridicuk~ of those on the 5th of March, v. 177. l3onald, Viscount de, xiv. 367. Bonaparte, Charles Lucian, his American Ornithology, xxiv. 110 its beautiful execution, 123his account of the burrowing owl, 123of the marmot or prairie-dog, 124of the wild tur- key, 126. Bonaparte, Louis, notice of a novel by, i. 131. made king of Holland, vi. 193his government of that kingdom, 194. a collection of Documents published by him, reviewed, xi. 239 et seq.has passed through seven translations ib.character of Louis and of his reign, 240his work free from scandal, 241noble origin of the Bonaparte family, 242. 44 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. L VOLS. the immediate parentage of the present family, 243Louis ac- companies the Egyptian expedition, 244his reluctant marriage with Hortense de Beauharnois, 245negociations for his eleva- tion to the crown of Holland, 346 et seq.resists the enforcing of the Berlin decree in his kingdom, 249Napoleon proposes to transfer Louis to the throne of Spain, to which the latter posi- tively refuses to accede, 251 et seq.Louiss witty reply to the Russian minister, 254determination of Napoleon to annex Holland to France, and his letter to Louis on that subject, 255 et seq.abdication of Louis, 260his letter to Napoleon after the reverses in Russia, 261answer of Napoleon, 262address of Louis to the magistrates of Amsterdam, 264 et seq.his last interview with Napoleon, 268his eul6gium on Holland, 270. Bonaparte, Lucien, his exertions. in the Chamber of Representa- tives, after the battle of Waterloo, xx. 176. Bonaparte, Napoleon, lines to, iii. 334. his manner of meeting the Corps Legisla- tif xi. 30. his conversation respecting Tacitus, xii. 267. turns his attention to a code of laws, xiii. lOdeserving of praise for his exertions on this subject, 11. remark on his character, 168. ~ his aversion to Madame de Stad and Beruadotte, xiv. 114 et seq.contrasted with Frederic II. 120, et seq.Alexanders admiration of, 118his policy to- wards his ministers, ib.his talents, character, and great works, 123 et seq.Moreaus remark on, 125his crimes, ib. affection of people for him after his fall, 126. school established by him at Ecouen, xviii. 3. xx. See Napoleon. Bonpiand, M., a distinguished botanist, xvi. 10describes forty- two new genera of plants, 17. Books, relating to America, ii. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 145, 148, 150,289, 291, 294. relating to America, iii. 1, 4, 9, 145, 150, 151, 30~, 306, 307, 308, 316. relating to America, iv. 1, 145, 289, xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 45 Books, relating to America, vi. 255. number of, printed in the United States, xviii. l62propor- tion of those imported to those printed, ib. See Duty on books. elementary, on education, improvements in, xxiii. 41 et seq. deficiency of, in the United States, xxiii. 206numbers of in the principal cities, ib. Boom, Stephen and Jesse, report of their trial noticed, x. 418 circumstances under which their confessions were made, 422. Boot, Francis, his proposed Flora Novanglica, v. 434. Border anecdote, i. 182. Borgia, Caesar, his war with thc Orsini, and the massacre of Sinigaglia, v. 352Machiavels real opinion of him, 354his infamous life and miserable fate, 361. Borromeo, xii. 218. Bossuet, his reputation rests upon his Funeral Orations and Dis- course on Universal History, xii. 51. Boston, as described by M. Beaujour, ii. 77. first settlement of, iv. 14. first settlement of, vi. 264Shaws Topographical Descrip- tion of, 414. the establishment of the theatre there opposed, x. 295 history of the fever prevailing there in 1819, 396 et seq. settlement of, xv. 257Stansburys character of the people of, 344. failures in, and their causes, xvii. 202 et seq. origin of free schools in, xix. 453number of students educated at them, 455. of the establishment of an academy of fine arts in, xxi. 460. resolutions, past September 12, 1768, xxii. 184. Port Bill, measures in Virginia occasioned by, xxii. 383 Colonel BarrCs conduct respecting it, 201. Botanic Garden at Cambridge, Catalogue of the plants in, vi. 417. Botany, interest in, in the United States, vi. 346notice of the laborers in, 346 et seq.publication of Floras, a valuable means of improvement in, 348. See Medical. Botany, American Medical, Dr Bigelows, ix. 23remarks on the colored plants of, 24. 46 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Botany of the United States, xii. 100 et seq.writers on, and the titles of their books, 100 et seq.extent of 101little attention to it at an early period, ib.Cornuti and other botanists, 102 Catesby, 103botany of the southern part of America culti- vated first, ibClayton, Gronovius, and Linna~us, 104 et seq. Bartram, Colden, Kuhn, Kalm, 105Cutler, 106Wangen- heim, Marshall, Duroi, Walter, 107Castiglioni, Michaux the elder, 108iVlichaux the younger, 109B. S. Barton, Muhlen- berg, 111 et seq.Pursh, 113Elliott, Macbride, Nuttall, 116 Eaton, 118W. P. C. Barton, 119Bigelow, 100, .121 et seq.Schoepf, 122other writers, 124number of plants de- scribed, 125 et seq.incompleteness of botanical works, 125 et seq.this country rich in undescribed plants, 127 et seq. Schweiniz, 131cryptogamous plants, ib.plants common to the two eontinents, ib. J3otta, his History of the War of the Independence of the United States, reviewed, xiii. 172 et seq.happy in his subject, ib. follows the ancient historians as his model, 174has the art of telling a story, 175vindicated against an objection made to his work, ib.his sketches of characters and his descriptions, ib.impartiality and accuracy, 176some mistakes of fact, ib. unjustifiable liberties in the speeches, ibhis moral and po- litical reflections, 177his account of the trial of Captain Pres- ton, 178unfounded suggestions of what might have been the result of the contest, ib.his mistake of the sentiments of the colonies towards Great Britain, examined, 179 et seq.his style, 190Sevelinges translation of, reviewed, ib.Otiss translation, reviewed, 191passages omitted by his translators, ib.extract describing the sea fight between Paul Jones and Captain Pear- son, 192battle of Cowpens, 194hurricane of Barbadoes in 1780, 195description of Washingtons resigning the com- mand, 198. medal for, proposed by the American Academy of Language and Belles Lettres, xiv. 352 et seq. Boudinot, Elias, a Cherokee Indian, his Address to the Whites, noticed, xxiii. 470his remarks on the civilization of the In- dians, 472account of his nation, 471. BoujJlers, M., his Verses for the late Q~een of France, iv. 366. Boulevards of Paris, ii. 413. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 47 Boundaries of the United States, vi. 117words in which they were defined in the preliminary treaty of 1782, 119principles adopted with regard to, in the treaty of 1783, 120imperfec- tion of the lines og 121dispute respecting the line between Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 122decided by Jays treaty, 123difficulty still remaining with respect to the islands in the bay of Passarnaquoddy, 394state of the question concerning, 395commission under the treaty of Ghent for the settlement of, 397sketch of the claims of the several parties, 398 et seq. other commissioners under the treaty of Ghent, for the settle- ment of questions relating to, 397 et seq. Bount~~i, The, account of the mutineers of, v. 250. Bourbons, their restoration, advantages og i. 96. Bouterwek, his history of belles lettres, its merits, x. 261. his critical remarks on the Araucana of Ercilla, xviii. 294. Bouvard, his Nouvelles Tables de la Jupiter et de Saturne, xx. 309, 342. Bowditch. Nathaniel, Dr, on the meteor at Weston in Connecti- cut, i. 371on the eclipse of the sun of 1811, and deductions of longitude from various eclipses, 375on the comet of 1811, 377on the height of the XVhite Hills, 378on the variation of the magnetic needle, 380on the motion of a pendulum sus- pended from two points, 384. has translated the M6canique C~deste of La Place, x. 272. Bowdoin Prize Dissertations, v. 433. Bowles, Rev. W. E., Letter of Byron on his Strictures on Pope, reviewed, xiii. 450 et seq.origin of his contest with Byron and others, ib.Byrons examination of his priaciples of poetry ex- tracted, 454, 458, 461comments on Byrons remarks, 456, 460, 463 et seq., 467 et seq. Bowring, John, editor of Servian Popular Poetry, xxv. 352his remarks on the Slavonic tongues, 354his success as a transla- tor arid editor of Servian poetry, 355his collections of works of European ancient poets, 356his arrangement of the Ser- vian poetry, 357. Bowyer, Fort, defence o1 by Major Lawrence, iii. 241final sur- render of, 258. 48 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Boyd, the translator of Dante, defect of his measure, viii. 324. Boyer, President of Ilayti, his conduct respecting emigration com- mended, xx. 204his instructions to the Ilaytian agent, 205 letter to Mr Dewey, 206other proofs of his good intentions, ib. et seq. Boylston premiums, xiv. 252Medical Prize Dissertations by Dr Hale, 251. Bracebridge Hall, reviewed, xv. 204 et seq.compared with the Sketch Book, 208general character of; 209fundamental er- ror of, 212 et seq. Brackenridge, H. NI., his Voyage up the Missouri, reviewed, iv, 112 origin of the work, 114his account of the Osages, 116ac- count of his voyage, 117his description of the prairie-dog, 119 of the antelope, 120of the Ankara nation, 121of the Mandan chiefs, 124of the buffaloes, 126. mistake of, respecting Florida, xiii. 92. Braddock, Gen., xxii. 379. Bradford, Governor, evidence of, in favor of the Dutch claim to Connecticut, viii. 83his account of an expedition thither, 84. Bradley, Dr, his astronomical observations analyzed by Bessel, x. 270. _______ indefatigable as an astronomer, xx. 310his discoveries, his skill and accuracy as an observer, ib.delay in the publica- tion of his observations, 310, 311advantages of this delay, ib. reduced and published by Bessel, ib. et seq.Bradleys chief excellence, his great accuracy, 3l3examples, 314discovers the apparent motion of the fixed stars, 3l5astronomer royal 1742, 322perfect model of an observing astronomer, ib. Brahma, one of the gods of the Hindoo Trimurti or Trinity, ix. 44. Brainard, John G. C., his Occasional Pieces of Poetry, reviewed, xxi. 217his character as a poet, 218specimens of his poetry, 218, et seq.his humorous descriptions, 222, et seq.superior- ity of his graver pieces, 224. Brarnins, knowledge of the sacred books of the Hindoos, confined to, vi. 386. their method of calculating eclipses, xii. 163their sys~ tem of astronomy, ib.place the moon farther off than the sun, 164anecdote of one, of Tanjour, ib. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 49 Brande, his Manual of Chemistry, reviewed, xiv. 369 et seq. character of his work, 370analysis of his work, 371 et seq. on radiant matter, ib . on carbon and gas lights, 37~2on me- teoric stones, 374his recommendation to analyse substances, and to use the blow-pipe, :375on geology, 376on volcanoes. 377. his Manual of Chemistry, made the basis of Dr Websters, xxiii. 353. Brazil, state of government and society in, v. 229arrival of the Portuguese royal family in, 232causes and origin of the revo- lution in, 233. See Pernainbuco. nature of its government likely to render it troublesome to the neighboring states, xxii. 170. Bread and Bulls, by Don Gaspar Jovellanos, iii. 54. Bretschneider, his Lexicon of the New Testament, xxiii. 107. Brevard, Ephraim, drew up the Mecklenburg declaration of in- dependence, xii. 37. Brewster, David, his edition of Fergursons Astronomy, vi. 205 his additions to the original work, 211his introductory re- marks and general view of the progress of Astronomy quoted, 212his remarks on a conjecture of Dr Olbers with respect to the new planets, 213afford an example of his looseness and inaccuracy, 217objections to his views stated, ib.general remarks on his opinions, 219his remarks on the moon, 221 imperfection of his table at the close, 223general merits of, ib. his investigations on radiant matter, xiv. 371. Brickell, his Natural History of North Carolina, xiii. 102. his History of North Carolina borrowed from Lawsons xxiii. 288. Bricks of Babylon, search for, ii. 188notice of different kinds of, 191, 192. ____ ancient Persian, iv. 328inscriptions on, 333questions with regard to, 335Sir John Malcolms remarks on, 338 passage from Pliny relating to, 339opinions of Major Rennel, 34Psize and structure of ancient bricks, 344nature of the cement of, 345reference to works concerning, 350remarks 7 50 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs of Dr Mitchell., 351conclusions with regard to, 352supple- ment to the article concerning, 422. J3ridgwater, battle of, ii. 327. Bridlington, account of an ebbing and flowing stream of fresh water at, ii. 139. Bristed, John, his Resources of the United States, reviewed, vii. 401his plan, 403his manner of executing it, 404his coni- plaint of the frequency of elections, 406of the mode of voting by ballot, 408his approbation of the constitution of the Sen- ate and the executive vote, 408his proposed change of the seat of government, 409disapproves the change in the mode of electing the executive, 410his consideration of the judicia- ry, 412his mistake with regard to the law of attachment, 414 the deficiences in his account of the constitution, 414speci- mens of his loose and inaccurate statements, 416his remarks on the lite~iture of the United States, 417his singular and extravagant misrepresentations, 419his remarks on habits, manners, and character, 420on the poor laws, on slavery, and on the want of social subordination, 422his bad style, 424 his want of merit as an author, 426. his work on the United States, unfavorable charac- ter of it, xi. 200. on the Resources of America, xiii. 51. Jiritish, conflagration of Havre de Grace by the, v. 157. Brooke, Sir Robert, his Abridgment of the Law, its character, xxiii. o. Brougham, Henry, notice of, i. 342. his motion for the education committee in the English House of Commons, x. 102. his bill for securing the liberty of the press and reforming its abuses, commended, xvii. 255. his Practical Observations on the Education of the People, xxiii. 49its extensive circulation in England, 50. Brown, Charles Brockden, Life of, by William Dunlap, reviewed, ix. 58his carelessness of his fame, 60his peculiar character and habits of life, ib.account of his last hours, 62his litera- ry labors, 63his reputation principally dependent on his nov- els, ib.peculiar character of his novels, ib.their want of xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 51 popularity ascribed to his placing their scenes in his own coun- try, 64sought for many of his characters from abroad, 68--- account of the kind of events and persons introduced into his novels, 69his disposition to account for all things, 71contem- plative term of his principal characters, 752his descriptions of outward objects, 73his delight in solitude, 74his strong and intense conception, 75his want of variety, 76his style and manner of writing, ib. Brown, Charles Brockden, his Wieland, cited, xv. 74character of his novels, 5281. Brown, Samuel R., his Western Gazetteer, vi. 134. Brown, Solyman, his Essay on American Poetry, reviewed, vii. 198 account of his work,5207specimens of his poetry, 5208 et seq. Brown, Thomas, Dr, the metaphysician, notice of, i. 344. his Inquiry into the Relation of Cause and Ef- fect, reviewed, xii. 395 et seq.wrongfully accused of coincid- ing with flume, ib.bis sketch of 1Iumes character, 4526ob- jection to his definition of cause and effect, 430his Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind, 4352. his work on Cause and Effect, alluded to, xvii. 15. his Philosophy of the Human Mind, reviewed, xix. 1his mode of dividing the subject, 152memory the basis of his inquiry, 13remarks on personal identity, 14princi- ples of his new classification, 15his notion of the power of muscular feelings, 17lays down only two constituent elements in the idea of matter, viz. resistance and extension, 18does not consider the five senses as adequate in themselves to attain a knowledge of the external world, ib.strictures on a branch of his theory, 19process of gaining ideas in infancy, 5252his principle that ideas are no other than the mind itself existing in different states, 524two classes of intellectual states, 527prin- ciples of simple suggestion and relative suggestion, ih.power of conception, 529imagination, 30nominalists arid realists, 34relation of resemblance, 35relation of coexistence, 40 explanation of abstraction, 41. his Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind, reviewed, xxi. 19does not define emotions, ib.does not 52 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. notice the topical peculiarity of the emotions, 520arranges them in their relation to time, ib.luminous exposition of their final causes, 5252lectures on the emotions, highly commended, 523his opinion of the nature of avarice, controverted, ib.his ethical system, 525.test of moral right and wrong, ib.con- tends for the uniformity of the moral sense among mankind, 526 his examination of other moral theories, ib.defects of his own, 527and their consequences, 527 et seq.statement of his theory, amended, 528suggests the true theory himselg 30his distribution of the duties, ib.lectures upon them commended, ib.his demonstration of the existence and attributes of God, 31 et seq.argument for the immortality of the soul, 352 et seq. examined, 34adds no strength to the argument, 34 et seq. some notices of his character, manners, and principles, 36, 38his personal appearance, 33mode of lecturing, ib.his prominent capacity, that of an analyst, 4Ominuteness of his investigations, 40 et seq.effects of the study of his writings upon the mind, 41 et seq.his warmth of moral sentiment, 452 his testimonials to the truth of Christianity, ib.his style, 43 its merits and defects, 43 et seq.his poetry, 43his occa- sional obscurity 45, et seq.his general character as an author, 46 et seq.his contributions to natural theology, 47the gen- eral plan of his Lectures, 48his doctrine of cause and effect, & c. criticized. Brown, Thomas, Dr, his Philosophy of the Human Mind, Hedges Abridgment of, xxiv. 430. I3rownie of Bodsbeck, Hoggs, ix. 16 et seq,is in many respects an imitation of Scotts novels, 5252. Brownists, a sect of the Puritans, ix. 368. Bruce, Charles Henry, obituary notice of, vi. 150. Bruce, Dr, his Journal continued, xi. 52529. Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller, xix. 88. Brunton, Mr, author of a grammar and vocabulary of the Soosoo language, and of a translation into that language of a part of the New Testament, xviii. 77. Bryan, Daniel, his Poetical Address, an Appeal for Suffering Genius, noticed, xxiv. 52152. Bryant, William C., his Poems, reviewed, xiii. 380 et seq. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 53 ~ryant, William C., his contributions to the United States Literary Gazette, xxii. 4352his character as a poet, ih.his love of na- ture, and his simplicity, 433his works not hasty and incom- plete, ib.their spirit pure, 434his Murdered Traveller, quoted, ib.his Hymn, 436. Buchanan, Mr, his Sketches of the History of the Indians, xix. 463his work contains some of the hest specimens of Indian eloquence, 464. Bucharest, an academy in this city, x. 134. Biickeburg, Count of, his remarkable character, iv. 5247, note. Buckrninster, Joseph S., his Sermons, x. 5204 et seq.account of his life, 5214character of his sermons, 5216. xiv. 3352. character of; xxi. 448. Buddhists, a metaphysical sect among the Hindoos, ix. 40. Buenos Ayres, school at, suppressed by the Spanish government, xix. 194, note. or Rio de la Plata, separated from Peru in 1778, xx. 5284contains five great provinces, 5285implicated in the in- surrection of Tupac Amarn, 5285. ______ attempt to supply, with milk and butter, xxiv. 5298 expedition of, against the royalists of Chile, 314plan for a new form of government of; 5236proceedings of the committee of Congress relating to it, 5237opinions of the different provin- ces, ib.form recommended by the committee, ib.their argu.. ments in favor of the central form of government, 5239 et seq. Nacional, a political Journal, xxiii. 481extracts from its general review of Europe and America, 4852remarks on the United States, 483. Ru//aloe, destruction of the town of; ii. 3520. Rip/aloes of the Missouri, description of; iv. 1526. BuJfon, his censure of arrangement in natural history, i. 317 character of; 317, note. thought the earth and planets to be fragments of the sun, xviii. 5275. on the animals of the two continents, xxii. 1525. Bugali, librarian of the Ambrosian library at Milan, x. 8. Buisson, M. F. R., his Anatomy, cited, xv. 138his character of Bichat, 143his theory of life, 147. 54 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. Bukharia, account of the Russian Embassy to, xxv. 308 preparations for the expedition, 309account of the meet- ing with the Kirguisians, 310description of that people, 311 et seq.progress of the expedition, 314approach to Bokhara, 316met and welcomed by an envoy from the Khan, 3l7entrance into Bokhara, the city of the Khan, 318reception by the Khan, ib.general aspect of the coun- try, 319its principal towns and cities, 320division of its in- habitants into two great classes, the conquerors or Uzbeks, and conquered or Tadjiks, 322their character, iband popula- tion, ib.obstacle to improvements in agriculture, 323sports and pleasures, 324practice of dyeing, ib.mode of carrying on traffic, ib.value of it with Russia, 325account of the gov- ernment, 326of ~he clergy, ib.system of rapine and extor- tion, 327harem of the Khan, ih.his court, 328his stand- ing army, ib.his relations with other states, 329existence and treatment of slaves, ib.politeness of the Bukharians, 330 dress, manners, & c. of the females, ib.languages spoken, 331state of learning, 332conclusion of the embassy, 332. Bull, Captain, his intrepid conduct at Saybrook, viii. 110. Bull fights, of the Spanish, the prevailing national amusement, xxi. 62their history, 62 et seqformed part of religious cere- flies and festivals, 63their decline during the last half of the eighteenth century, 64reestablished by Joseph Bonaparte, ib. and continued by the Cortes and Ferdinand, 64 et seq.their probable origin, & c. 65preparations for them, 66 et seqde- scription, 67 et seqthe amusement of all classes, ib.their physical and moral influence, 74 et seq.sources of the pleas- ure arising from such exhibitions, 75, 78. Bulls, ecclesiastical, immense sales of, under the Spanish govern- ment in South America, xix. 186, 207. Bull4~, Justice, cited on the law of promise, xxiii. 25. Bulow, Marshal, on the mode of carrying on wars, xix. 292. Bunker Hill, battle of; its interest and importance, vii. 225Geim- eral Dearborns account of, 22Scharge against General Put- nam for misconduct in, 229--testimony of individuals engaged in, in support of this charge, 234peculiar circumstances at- tending the battle of, 237the want of a commander in chief xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 55 in, 237testimony of individuals engaged in, favorable to the conduct of General Putnam, 238-account of, from one of the newspapers of the time, 241affidavits and extracts with rela- tion to the conduct of General Putnam in, 242statement of his probable conduct in, 245extract. from the account of, pub- lished by the Massachusetts Congress, 247letters from the lion. William Tudor and John Adams in relation to, 250. Bunker Hill, battle of, xix. 293. _______ Mr Swetts Notes to his Sketch of the Battle of, xxii. 465anecdotes respecting General Putnams conduct, 465 et seq. Burckltardt, a traveller in Egypt, x. 233astronomer of this name, 270. I3urckhardt, his Tables de Ia Lune, xx. 309. Burg, a German astronomer, x. 270. Burke, Mr, remarks of, at the commencement of the French Revo- lution, viii. 31. passage from, translated into Latin by Copleston, xii. 15. anecdote of, xiv. 166, 188328. his character private and public, xv. 192his elo- quence, 81. extent of his influence on the parliamentary eloquence of England, xxv. 428. his remark respecting blank verse, controverted, xxii. 333. Burlington College, Inaugural Address of the President of, xxiv. 470. Burnet, Dr, his theory of the earth, xviii. 272his notions of chaos and the primitive state of the earth, ib.flrst changes in the earths surface, 273catastrophe of the deluge, 274. Burns, Byrons remarks on, xiii. 467. overrated, and why, xiv. 104. his character, xxiii. 134indebted to the national music, 135. Burton, Asa, his Essays on some of the First Principles of Meta- physics, Ethics and Theology, noticed, xxi. 232. Butler, Bishop, his Analogy, xvi. 357. 56 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Butler, Charles, his Notes to Coke upon Littleton, xiii. 283. _______- his Reminiscences, reviewed and recommended, xx. 272character of the author, ib. et seq.his economy of time, 272his chapter on the Letters of Junius, 275accounts of distinguished British statesmen and orators, most interesting part of the work, 275 et seq.ofLord Erskine, 276Chatham, ib.parallel between Fox and Pitt, 278 et seq.Lord Thur- low, 279remarks on the care bestowed by some eminent writers on their compositions, 28tchapter on jurisprudehce, 282of his other works and opinions, ib. - his address before the London Jnstitution, iii. 157. Butler, Frederick, his History of the United States, reviewed, xvi. 156 et seq. Butirnaun, his Greek Grammar, x. 6his authority on the pronun- ciation of the Greek, 277. Translation of his Greek Grammar, reviewed, xviii. 99 characteristics of his Grammar, l01its extensive use in Ger- many, 102how to be taught, 103. Buxton, Thomas F., on the influence of prison discipline on crime, ix. 288merit of his work, 315. Buztorf, his assertion respecting the integrity of the sacred text, xxii. 311. Bucvtorftan school of Hebrew criticism, x. 13. Buzzards bay canal, on the expediency of, v. 322. Byfteld, Nathaniel, his account of the revolution in New England in 1609, noticed, iv. 155. Bynkersitoek, a writer on maritime law in the seventeenth centu- ry, vii, 337. Byron, Lord, sonnet by, ii. 183. his Destruction of Sennacherib, parodied, iii. 186 his Fare Thee Well, 187parodied, l88poetry of, 274. verses by, iv. 365extracts from the third canto of his Childe harold, 369. character of his poetry, v. 98its peculiarities, 99 his misanthropy, 100his descriptions of scenery, 103his skill in analysing and displaying character, 104his political feelings, 105remarks on his Childe Harold, 107on his ver- sification, 108, 388on his poetry in gener~d, 109. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 57 Byron, Lord, his opinion on subjects for poetry, xiii. 228,242,454, 458his tragedy of Marino Faliero, reviewed, 228 et seq. great age of his hero an objection, 229his dissatisfaction with Dr Moore, in relation to the subject of the tragedy, 230his plot objectionable on account of the means of its discovery, 231 interview between the Doge and Angiolina extracted, 232 other extracts, 236, 238his neglect of harmonious versilica- tion, 240 et seq.his colloquial familiarities, 242amusing ex- tract from his preface, 245his Letter on Bowless Stricture on the Life and Writings of Pope, reviewed, 450 et seq.occasion of the letter, 450his remarks on Bowless principles of poetry, extracted, 454, 458,461, 463his remarks on a ship of the line, Athens, & c. as poetical objects, 454, 458strictures on his re- marks, 456, 460, 463 et seq. 467 et seq.his description of a storm off Cape Sigeum, 455his prowess in swimming, ib. his remarks on the classification of poets from the dignity of their subjects, 461his vindication of Pope, 461, 462, 465 his inconsistency, 463his Don Juan, censured, 464com- pared with Pope, 469, 473melody of his versification, 472 his letter on Bowles commended, 472. his Hours of Idleness, xiv. 2, 104excited by harsh criticism, 5has written too much, 6his powers of invention limited, 107. anecdote respecting his Beppo, xix. 337, noteimi- tated Fortiguerra, 383disagreeable effect of the union of sen- timent and satire in his Don Juan, 384. _______ h~s Poems, reviewed, xx. 1sketch of his life and lit- erary career, 3 et seq.causes of his expedition to Greece, 8 his death, 11excellence as a poet, 12as a prose writer, ib. defects of his writings, 12 et seqquotations from his poems, 15 et seq.particular excellence of his lyric poetry, 7, 19 moral tendency of his writings decidedly bad, 39 et seqmany of them disfigured by grossness, 40looseness of his notions in morals and religion, ib.character of his poetry such as to rea- der it unfit for general perusal, 43 et seq.details with regard to his person and social habits, 44 et seq. Byron, Lord, his character and writings, xxi. 300his acquain- tance with Dallas, ib.with Medwin, 301his degradation in S 58 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. the last years of his life, 302his moral state, 303his char- acter and opinions in youth, 304 et seq.his craving passion, 306his first publication, ib.its character, 3O7specimens, 307 et seqeffects of its review in the Edinburgh Review, up- on him, 311his revenge, ib.defects of his satire, 312his admiration of Pope, 314his misanthropy and disgust of life, 316 et se(l.his travels, 318Childe Harold, ib.specimens, 318 et seq.causes of its popularity, 323its character, 324 his profligate life in London, 325his marriage and separation ib.persecutes his wife, ib.his infidelity, 326criticisms of his poetry, 328 et seq.superiority of the two last cantos of Childe Harold, 332causes of this, ib.specimens and criti- cism, 333 et seq.his descriptions of nature, 337examples, ib. et seq.narrow range of his excellence as a poet, 342 contrast between his grandeur of conception and poverty of sentiment, 342 et seq.his deficiency in consistent thinking, 345unsuccessful delineation of his heroes, 346his female characters, 347influence of the character of the age upon that of his poetry, 34Sone of the causes of his popularity, 350egotism of his works, ib.the interest imparted by it, evanescent, 351his situation during the last years of his life, 352his expedition to Greece, 353his conduct on the death of Shelley, 354his letter to Mrs Sheppard, 355his Cain and Don Juan, 356their character, 3S7estimate of the in- fluence of his writings, 358. Byron, Lord, his expressions concerning Major Cartwright in th~ House of Lords, xxv. 393. xxv.] UENERAL INDEX. C C~bildo, how constituted and the nature of its government, xix. 172. Cabot, Sebastian, a Venetian, sailed in the service of England, xii. 318339. Cabot, John, facts relating to the discoveries of, in America, ix. 366. his voyage to North America, xv. 34. Cabot, John and Sebastian, whether either of them discovered Florida, Xiii. 62. first discoverers of Nova Scotia, xix. 138coasted to a great distance north and south of this coun- try, 139. Calamata, proclamation of the Senate of, xvii. 414. Calculation, powers of an English boy for, iv. 138. Calculus, application of, to the science of astronomy, vi. 209. Calcutta, College of, the natives at, vi. 418. Caidwell, Dr, eulogy of, on Dr Wistar, vii. 136. his Life of General Greene, reviewed, x. 183sources and materials of the work, 186 et seq. Calef, Robert, his collection relative to witchcraft, iii. 316. Calhoun, Mr, Secretary of War, his policy with respect to the frontier posts, xxiii. 274utility the object of his plans, ib. his Letter to the President on Internal Improve- ment, xxiv. 4quoted, ib. Caloric, resemblance of the laws of, to those of gravitation, ix. 123Sir H. Davys explanation of the immateriality of, 124 apparent identity of, with chemical powers, 125connexion of, with electricity, 128. Caluso, of Turin, x. 14. Cambac~r~s, drew up a project for a general civil code, xiii. 10. his attempt to establish a code of law in France after the revolution, xx. 309. Cambridge, discription of, from Worcesters Gazetteer, vii. 68. Cambridge University, its theological character, xi. 101. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Camden, Lord, his speech in favor of America, xxii. 202. camel of the Arabs of the African desert, v. 404. Campagna di Roma, its volcanic formation, and unhealthiness, xviii. 193the testimony of Livy and other Roman writers prove it to have been unhealthy at an early date, ib. 199. Gampan, Madame, her Memoirs of the Life of Marie Antoinette, xviii. 1daughter of M. Genet, formerly under-secretary in the department of foreign affairs in the French government, and sister to M. Genet, who was for a time minister from the French Republic to the United States, 2appointed reader to the kings sisters, 3and femme de chambre to the dauphiness, ib. superintendent of the school at Ecouen erected by Bonaparte, ib.further notices of her life and character, 4her descrip- tion of the occupations and amusements of the French court, 9 her portraits of Louis XVI, and his two brothers, 11her account of the diamond necklace, 13her history of events dur- ing the first stages of the French Revolution authentic and val- uable, 24her remarks on the life and opinions of her brother, M. Genet, the diplomatic agent to the United States, 27her description of the memorable transactions in Paris on the 10th of August, 1792, when she was in imminent danger of her own life, 29her perilous situation and escape, 32. Campbell, his Pleasures of Hope, criticized, viii. 318his other poems noticed, 315. his disapprobation of Bowless poetical opinions, xiii. 450Byrons remarks on, 454. xiv. 6his remarks on Homer, 279. his Gertrude of Wyoming, xx. 210. Gamp at Vertus, description of, ii. 177. Canada, Sansoms Sketches of, vi. 140. ______- Sketches of, by Lieutenant Hall, ix. 139dread of inno- vation in, 140recent tendency to improvement in, l42state of agriculture in, 143subsistence of feudal tenures in, 143 causes of this circumstance, l44hospitality of the inhabi- tants. _______- discovered, xv. 33surveyed, 46settled, 47account of, 226. ______- number of newspapers printed in, xix. 458state of lit- xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 61 erature in, ib.colleges of, 459first original novel printed there, ib. Canada, retreat of Indians before the white inhabitants of, xxiv. 393bargain for Indian lands by the royal government, 399 terms of the treaty, ib. Canadian boatmen, hardships and food of, iv. 115. Canadian Review, remarks on the, xix. 457its design and mer- its, 460. Canal of Languedoc compared. with the great canal of the lakes, xii. 20of Dismal Swamp, 30. New York, proposed name for, xxv. 141. Canals, advantages of, xiv. 231, 236, 249great canal in New York, 234 et seq.expected profits of the New York canal, 238, 241present state of it, 239 et seq.Champlain canal, 240, 248cost of canals, 241Languedoc canal, ib.proba- ble effects of, on the United States, 246 et seq. in the state of Ohio, xxii. result og no longer uncertain, xxiv. 2amount invested in them in England, ib.~that of New York, items relating to, 4communication by, between the tide water of the Potomac and the Ohio, 7its importance, practicability, and course, 8, 9its proposed length, 10Ohio and Erie canal, lbDela- ware and Raritan canal, 12Buzzards and Barnstable Bay canal, 13its course, practicability, and probable expense, 13 et seq.of Taunton and Weymouth, 14one proposed from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico, 15that of Dismal Swamp, 17of Ohio, 18. compared with rail roards, xxv. 66. Cancellus, seat to preach the gospel to the natives of Florida, xiii. 68. Candolle, De, his elementary treatise on botany, xiii. 112. Caninius, an error of this writer relative to the pronunciation of the modern Greek, x. 279. Cannibalism of the New-Zelanders, xviii. 344several authenti- cated instances of ships crews having been killed and devour- ed, 345remarkable case of the Boyd, ib .shocking scenes of cannibalism after one of Shuaghies wars, 346causes of this custom as related to Mr Marsden by a chief, 347, note. 62 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Cannibalism among North American Indians, xxiv. 372. Canning, George, Letter to, noticed, an answer to the calumnies of the Quarterly Review, i. 89. his conference with the French Ambassador, and his frank and noble avowal concerning the republics of South America, xix. 160. policy of, with regard to Greece, xxv. 51his menace against interference with English politics, 56. Canoes of bark, use og in taking white-fish among rapids, xxv. 337 their excellence, 339. Canova, his rejection of Bonapartes invitation to Paris, ii. 179 his letters relating to the restoration of the works of art to Rome, 180. account of his life and works, x. 372, & c..compared with the ancient sculptors, 373patronized by the Pope, 374 his history, ib. et seq.description of the monument of Clement XIV, 376his art of polishing his works, 377his works in relievo inferior to Thorwaldsens, 379refuses to restore the Elgin marbles, 384merit of his pictures, 385. Canovai, his Life & c. -of Vespucci, reviewed, xii, 318character of his work, 319attempt to rob Columbus of his fame, 339. Canstein press at Halle, for printing bibles at a low price, xvii. 311. Cape Cod, canal across the isthmus of, vi. 277. discovered, xv. 36. Cape Horn, difficulties of the passage around, i. 256. Capital, connexion of the increase of, with labor and population, xxv. 416 et seq.tends to accumulate from the spirit of accu- mulation, 420. Capital punishments discussed, xvii. 259, 267. Captive Count, The, translated from Goethe, xix. 319. Caracas, or Venezuela, its union with New Granada, xxiii. 357. Caracas, city of Venezuela, events occurring at, in connexion with the insurrection of Paez in 1826, xxv. 100. Caraites, their literature investigated by de Rossi, x. 11. Cardozo, J. N., his Notes on Political Economy, xxiv. 169his object to examine some of the doctrines of the new school, 169 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 63 et seq.his principal object to refute Ricardos theory of rents, 171remarks on Ricardo, quoted, 1752his objections to his conclusions, 174his supposed consequences, 175his second objection to the theory of rents, 176his dread of the rise of rents, 177more successful in some other strictures on Ricar- do, 179authors opinion of a paper currency examined and shown to be fallacious, 1852. Carey, H. F., his Translation of the Poem of Dante, reviewed, viii. 3522merits and faults of his translation, 3525. Caricature of the French, ii. 174. Carlyle, professor, his specimens of Arabian poetry, xiv. ~i8. Carnot, visit of Theobald XVolfe rJlone to, xxiv. 335. Carolana or Carolina, early application of name, i. 52. description of by Daniel Coxe, ii. 1what part of the country it included, ib. Carolina, fort, where situated, xiii. 70. C~arolina, query respecting the southern boundary of, xiii. 75 expedition against Florida, 93. C~arolina, South, internal improvements in, xiii.~ 45 et seq.soil, extent, climate, produce, 145Santee river, 146Pedee river, 147liberal appropriation for improvements, l48steam-boats and team-boats, 149 et seq.cotton, 1552. education in, xiv. 310 et seq.Lockes constitu- tion for, 310South Carolina college, 3l52legislative appro- priations for education, and abuse of them, 314 et seq.free schools, 314. Carolinas, situation of, at the beginning of the American revolu- tion, xv. 524. Caroline laws, xiii. 18. Carreras, the hrothers, part taken by them in the revolution in Chile, xxiv. 313fate of the two younger, 3l5expedition of the elder, and its fatal termination, ib. Carter, James G., his letters on the free schools of New England, xix. 448his practical and familiar acquaintance with the sub- ject, 449statement of the mode in which the free schools are managed, in the interior of New England, ib.his remarks on a late law of Massachusetts respecting schools, 451quoted, 454. 64 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Carter, James G., his Essays on Popular Education, xxiv. 156 recommended, ib.his projected institution for the instruction of teachers, 157his remedy for the deficiencies in our com- mon schools, 160remarks on the proper qualifications of teachers, and the manner of producing these qualifications, 160 remarks on the absurdity of employing uneducated teachers, 163education as necessary as in other professions. Cartier, James, his voyages of discovery, xv. 46, 225. _________ commissioned by the French king to explore No- va Scotia, and find a place for a colony, xix. 139discovered the St Lawrence, and ascended as far as Montreal, ib. Cartwright, Major, his Life and Correspondence, edited by his Niece, xxv. 367his principles better suited to America than England, 369his early suggestion of a union between the British colonies and the mother country, 370conciliatory pro- position of one of his ancestors, 370his birth and family, ib. his early education, 371enters the navy, ib.promotion and appointments, 372residence in Newfoundland, ib.his exploratory joi~ney into its interior, 373leaves Newfoundland and returns to England, 374turns his attention to politics, ib. his Letters on American Independence, ib.his service as major of militia, 375anecdote illustrating his integrity, ib. becomes obnoxious on account of hi~ politics, and is dismissed from his office, ib.refuses to serve against America, 376 and to accept a commission in her service, 376his publica- tions on annual parliaments and universal suffrage, ib.fails to obtain a seat in parliament, 377his plans of defence, 378 accomplishes the establishment of a society for constitutional information, ib .his Declaration of Rights commended by Sir William Jones and Lord Chatham, 379his marriage, ib. his disinterestedness, ib.his labors in the cause of parlia- mentary reform, 380his feelings with regard to the French Revolution, 381his opinion of Mr Pitt, ib.his conduct with regard to the prosecutions against the friends of reform, 382 his interest in the trials of Home Tooke, Thel~vall, Hardy, and others, 383his testimony given in these cases, 385differen- ces of opinion, between him and Home Tooke, on representa- tion, 38~his further political publications, ib.correspon ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 65 dence with Fox, and Foxs opinion of him, ib.pursues the subject of reform, 3S7his proposal for a temple of naval cele- bration, 383ludicrous mistake with regard to his agent, arising out of political jealousy, 388his conduct in the alarm of an invasion by Napoleon, 339his increasing interest in public affairs, 390his plans of defence, 391letter to, from Sir Philip Francis, 392his tour in the cause of reform, his arrest and the examination of his papers, 393expressions of Lord Byron concerning him, ib.his second political tour, 394effects of his exertions in the multiplication of petitions for reform, 395is indicted for conspiracy and sedition, 396 his trial and conviction 397his continued exertions and pub- lications, 398letter to, from Jefferson, 399his last exertions and death, ib.small effects which followed his efforts, ib.how to be accounted for, 400view of his political opinions, charac- ter, and conduct, 401 et seq.his private and domestic charac- ter, 405his conversation, style, and character as a speaker, 407. Carver, his Travels, cited, xv. 233, 236. Casaregis, a writer on maritime law in the 17th century, vii. 338. Casas, Las, whether he encouraged the slave trade, xiii. 161 et seq. Cases overruled, & c. xv. 65. See Law. Ca~s, Governor, his zeal and success in the cause of meliorating the condition of the Indians, xxv. 333. Cassis cornutus, Linn~eus and others opinion of, xvi. 246. Castello, case of a person so named, x. 420. Castlereagli, Lord, extraordinary blunder of, i. 73. Casts, divisions into, among the Hindoos, ix. 54division into those of the right hand and of the left hand, 56exclusion from, the greatest punishment, ib.anecdote relating to, 57 are destructive to the progress of Christianity, 57. Catalogue of Stars, of Dr Maskelyne, xx. 324of the French as- tronomers, 325 et seq.of Mayer, Zach, Piazzi, and Bessel, 326. Catari, Tomas, protests against the oppressions of the corregidor Aloz to the viceroy of Buenos Aires, xx. 292fails of redress, 9 66 NORTH AMERICAN REV[EW. [voLs. ib.is imprisoned by Aloz, but released by force, ib.made prisoner by Alvarez and executed, 293. Catari, Tupa, name assumed by Juan Apasa, xx. 297assumes the state of viceroy of the Inca, ib.his character, ib.opera- tions before the city of La Paz, and defeat of the Spaniards, 298invests Puno, 300concentrates his forces in La Paz, ib. his court, excesses, impiety, & c. ib.joined by Andres Tu- pac Amaru, 303defeated by Reseguin, 304taken and exe- cuted, 305. Catesby, his Natural History, xiii. 103his herbarium, 104. Catharine, II., Empress of Russia, anedote of:, i. 208. attempts negotiations with Japan, x. 34. Catholic church, not inattentive to biblical criticism, x. 13. Catholic iroquois, by the author of Redwood, xx. 446. Catiline, a tragedy of Croly, reviewed, xvi. 124 et seq.subject at- tempted by three masters unsuccessfully, l49.favorable view of the character of Catiline by the poet, ib.finely conceived, ib. extracts, 150 et seq. Caucasus, Prisoners of:, a Russian Tale, xxiv. 189. Cause and Effect, Inquiry into, by professor Brown, reviewed, xii. 395apology for reviewing, 396definition of the terms, 397 objection answered, 398cause invariably precedes effect, 400notion of power, ib.test of identity, ib.sequences of the will, 401whether the will has power over the thoughts, 402Lockes theory of power refuted, ib.that matter is inert and mind alone active, denied, 403notion of God as a cause, 404coincidence of Browns theory with Mosess account of the creation, 406sources of illusion in regard to cause and effect, are language, and the nature of things, 407belief of power arises from experience only, 4l2reasoning has no concern with this operation of the mind, which is founded on irresistible belief, 413, 418DAlemberts argument for the inertness of matter refuted, 4l4apology for DAlemhert and others, and censure of Brown, 4l6Humes theory examined and compar- ed with Browns, 419objection to Browns definition of cause and effect, 430. remarks on, xiii. 388. Causten, J. H., his Sketch of the Claims of American Citizens on xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 67 the Government of the United States, for French Spoliations, xxv. 153 et seq. Cavaceppi, a sculptor at Rome, x. 372. Cecil, Lord, his praise of Cokes speech in Garnets case, xiii .260. Celsius, his writings on the plants mentioned in the scriptures, xix, 87. Celsus, one of the early opponents of Christianity, importance olthe testimony of; vii. 386. Cemetery, ancient, in Naples, discovery of; v. 120description of, 122probable antiquity of; 124. Census of the United States, utility of, ix. 218remarks with re- gard to, 221. Cervantes, praises the Araucana of Ercilla, xviii. 295. Chceus, C/talus, or La?tus, a Carthaginian writer, x. 227. Citaleur, Bay of, discovered by Cartier, xix. 139. Chalmers, Thomas, Dr, his works on the Christian Revelation, noticed, v. 293. his Evidences of Christianity, reviewed, vii. 364his statement of the principles of historical evidence, quoted, 368his censure on Lardner, 371his chapter on the principles of historical evidence commended, 373plan of his work, 374his omission of the internal argument in favor of Christianity, 375reasons for this omission, 376his reasons controverted, 377his unnecessary recommendation of the in- ductive reasoning, 380tendency of some of his opinions unfa- vorable, 381confusion of his arrangement, 382some errone- ous statements of his, noticed, 383his neglect of writers who ought to have been noticed, 385his omission of the heathen history contemporaneous with Christianity, 386and of the early adversaries of it, ib.and of the uncorrupted preservation of the sacred records, ib.his powerful argument from proselytism, 390 from the internal marks of truth and honesty in the New Testament, 391his remarks on the interpretation of the Scrip- tures, 395his character as a writer and preacher, 399gen- eral character of this work, 400. his mode of preaching, xix. 298. Chambon, Madame, her improved portable stove, ii. 306. Champlain, his account of Canada, xv. 226, et seq. 68 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Chancery, report of cases adjudged in the court of, in New York, reviewed, xi. 140courts of chancery not much known in America till of late, 142in England it is the most active judi- cature, 143reasons why less so in America, 144 et seq.ad- van~tages of its establishment with us, 146charitable uses, ib.guardianships, 143hills for specific performance of con- tracts, 149titles, 150cases in which a chancery jurisdiction is particularly wanted in the United States, 153courts of com- mon law inadequate, 154course which ought to be followed in establishing a court of equity in Massachusetts, 156the court of equity should be a distinct court, 158objection an- swered, 159report made to the legislature of Massachusetts on the subject of a court of equity, in 1808, 160. Chancery jurisdiction, dispute about in Cokes time, xiii. 263. Chanzely, Prince, interpreter of Ali Pasha, x. 434his history, 443. Character, importance of a regard to, vii. 258. Characterization, or the scrutiny and description of character, a distinguishing power of British writers, xxv. 191. Charcas, audience of, its corruption, xx. 292dismay at the de- feat of Aloz, ib.censure the slowness of Flores, 293. Charles VI, of France, grand coutumier made in his reign, xiii. 8. Charles VII, of France, undertook a revision of the laws, xiii. 8. Charles VIII, of France, his invasion of Florence, v. 350. Charles I, of England, his behavior towards Coke, xiii. 275an- nuls the charter of Virginia, 314. prevents Cromwells emigration to America, xv. 28 names New England, 43. Charles II, the effect on English literature of the taste of his age, x. 22. Charles V, Emperor, his Caroline laws, xiii. 18. ~ in Barbary, xxii. 414. Charleston, S. C., the conduct of the magistrates and citizens of, commended, xvi, 57. reformed society of Jews in, xxiii, 69its Jew- ish synagogue and congregation, 73. Charlevoix, his voyage from Louisiana, xiii. 94his voyage from Pensacola to Louisiana, 96. 1 xxv.] GENERAL iNDEX. Charlevoix, cited, xv. 33, 50, 228. his accounts of the Indian tribes, xxii. 58quoted, 67. Charters of the New England provinces, originate the present written constitutions, xvii. 73account of, 78. Ghartier, Alain, anecdote of him, x. 307. Ohase, Judge, his opinion on the common law of the United States, xxi, 129use made of this opinion, 130its alleged conse- quences, ib. diverts Mr Pinkney ~from the study of medicine to that of law, xxiv. 71. Chdteaubri and, his Recollections, extracts from, iii. 154. Chdteauvieux, M. de, his Letters on the Agriculture of Italy, re- viewed, 49 et seq. Chdtelet, Madame du, visited by Voltaire, xii. 38her mode of life, 44influence over Voltaire, 45 et seq.character and writings, 47anecdotes of:, 48. Chatelmont, M., account of the benevolent character and unfortu- nate death of:, i. 202. Chatham, Lord, Dr Franklins account of his intercourse with, vii. 303of his celebrated speech in the House of Lords, 304his opinion of the American Congress, 305. style of his eloquence, x. 71his character of the English ministry, 361. his remark on the addresses of the American colo- nies, xiii. 189. hooks recommended by him to his son, xiv. 148 et seq.his letters to his son, 150 et seq.remarks on, 148, 153 his legacy from the dutchess of Marlborough, 155. character of his eloquence, xv. 86. account of, by Butler, xx. 276his eloquence de- scribed, 276 et seq. Quincys report of his speech, xxii, 202. his commendation of Major Cartwrights Declar- ation of Rights, xxv. 379. Chaucer, Hazlitts account of, viii. 284. his imitations of Bocaccio, xix. 77, 84. ______ his obligations to Italian literature, xxi. 191. Chayanta, a province of Peru, adheres to Tupac Amaru, xx. 292 70 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. previous commotions there, occasioned by Tomas Catari, ib. insurrection of the Indian inhabitants, 292 et seq.revenge the death of Tomas Catari, 293Flores marches against them, ib.his victory and cruelty, 293 et seq. Chemical papers of the Institute, ii. 52. Chemical Philosophy, Danas Epitome of, xxii. 455. Chemistry, in France, Ronelle the father of, i. 205. its influence on systems of mineralogy, v. 75how far admitted in modern systems, 76its rapid advance in the nine- teenth century, 77. rapid progress of in the present age, ix. 113effect of alterations in its theory to render it less attractive, 114Dr Gc~hams Elements of, ib.method best adapted for the teach- ing of, 115different kinds of students of, ib.effects upon, of the use of galvanism as a chemical agent, 1 18foundation of Lavoisiers system of, 130variations in the modern theories of, 131immense accumulation of facts in, in the present cen- tury, 133its obscure and unsettled state, l34claims of, upon attention in the United States, 135. Brandes Manual of, reviewed, xiv. 369 et seq.agri- cultural, 378 et seq. Manual of, by Dr Webster, on the basis of Brandes, xxiii, 349increase of works on, ib.influence of the study on society, 350progress and dissemination of chemical knowl- edge, 351chasm in chemical works, 352. Cht~nier, x. 308. Cherokee language, specimen of in Dr Jarvis Discourse, xi. 109. Cherokee Indians, their country, manners, and institutions, xxiii. 471. Chesapeake frigate, Turreaus remarks on the affair of, iii. 94 true account of, 96. Chesapeake Bay, blockaded by the British, xx. 111 et seq.ad- vantages of its trade to Baltimore, 131. Chesterfield, Lord, xii. 315 et seq. remarks of, on the study of Greek, ix. 421, note. Chestnut trees of prodigious size, xiii. 133. Chevalier, M. le, his enthusiasm for ancient art, xii. 193opens the Sig~an mound, ib. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 71 Chicken-pox, different from the new variolous disease, xiii. 287 Dr Thomsons opinion of its identity with the small-pox, exam- ined, 295 et seq. Children of the poor, education of, ix. 3l1agricultural employ- ment recommended for, 312on the legal separation of, from profligate parents, 313. Chile, manners and customs og ~, 260. - Indians of, ii. 295. - Journal of a Residence in, reviewed, xviii. 288Ovalles work on, 289Freziers voyage to, ib.Vidaurres account of, 290 Molinas work on, 242manner in which it was published, ib.translated into English by an American, 293unpublished manuscripts concerning Chile, ib.Ercillas poem on, 294 geographical position of Chile, 295its natural limits strongly marked, 296Spanish possessions and government in, ib. Robertsons account of Chile, 297volcanoes and earthquakes, ib.mines, 298contains native brass according to Molina, ib. vegetable and animal productions, 300, 3Olcommerce, ib.articles of commerce, 302revolutionary movements, 304 appearance of the country, 306establishments of the Chi- han gentry, 307their entertainments, ib.dread of earth- quakes, 308scenery, 309town of Los Angeles in the south of Chile, 310description of:, 311description of the Indian army collected there, 312reports of commissioners on Chile, 314. first printing-press established there, xix. 196. - capital of:, xxiv. 309number of its inhabitants, 312com- mencement of the revolution in, 313its progress and inci- dents, ib.part taken by the Carreras, ib.success of the roy- alists, 314interference of Buenos Aires, ib.victory over the royalists, ib.unsuccessful attempt of the elder Carrera, 315 connexion of Manuel Rodriguez with the revolution, 316his- tory of the press in Chile, 319influx of merchants and adven- turers, ib.difficulties in the way of commerce arising from va- rious causes, 320. China, system of coins, weights, and measures og xiv. 224early use of gunpowder, printing, the compass, and inoculation in, ib. reception of a Russian expedition in, xxv. 1 Scharacter of the inhabitants of, 19American trade with, 20. 72 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. Chinese ceremonies, engravings of, i. 60. maxims, iv. 358. method of conveying ideas, ix. 94. ships, twelve annually admitted in Japan, x. 34. language, usually supposed difficult, xvii. 1Mr Remu- sats opinion of it, ib.its characters, ib.amount of necessary characters, ibforms of dictionaries, & c., ib.want of elemen- tary books, 8account of the structure of the Chinese lan- guage, 4number and nature of words and character, 5 et seq. modifications and dialects, 8two forms of language, an- cient and modern, ib.langu age of the Chinese without inflec- tions, 9~-expressions of humility substituted for the personal pronouns, ib.forms of address, ib. et seq. literature, xvii. 3 et seq.account of six thousand volumes of Chinese works, 3beauty of their typography, ib.an his- torical work in one hundred and forty volumes, ib.a sort of encyclopmedia, 4Chinese literature valuable as a means of ob- taining a knowledge of Chinese history, 12. mode of catching ducks, from Buffon, xxi. 161. language, unchanged for two thousand years, xxii. 290. Chipman, D., his Law of Contracts reviewed, xvii. 375 et seq. account of him, 376influence of an elective judiciary, ib. Chijopeway war-party, anecdote of, xxv. 341maternal affection, 347. Chi?on, a physician of the heroic ages of Greece, viii, 230. Chiskoim, Dr, his opinion on the yellow fever, x. 389. ~J1soiseul, Duke de, minister of France, Rousseaus fears of, xv. 13. - maintained the Austrian alliance xviii. 6was removed by the influence of his enemies from his place in the ministry, 7. Choisy, Abb6, anecdote of him, xx. 141. Chokodade port in Japan, x. 34. Cholula, city of, its Teocalli described, xx. 85account of the ancient town, 86. Ckotcau, his letter concerning J. D. Hunter, xxii. 106. Christian, Fletcher, leader of a mutiny on board the Bounty, v. 250his death, how caused, 252. - Christian religion, influence of upon the condition of women, -i. 187. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 73 Christian revelation, Dr Chalmers on, v. 293 Christian religion. but a small part of it external, xii. 93mira- cles useful for its introduction, 94progress of, 293. Christianity, design of:, in relation to morality, vi. 227influence of upon the reasonings of moralists, 228. necessity of a continued attention to the evidences of, vii. 364vicissitudes of human opinion concerning, 365char- acter of the first opponents of, after the origin of the spirit of free inquiry, 366metaphysical objection against, raised by Ilume, 367why a new arrangement of the evidences of, is re- quired, 368Dr Chalmers plan for proving the credibility of, 374statement of the internal argument for, derived from its doctrines and character as a dispensation, 375neglect of this argument, leads to the infidelity of Hume, 381remarks on the integrity of the scripture records of, 386Dr Chalmers statement of the argument from proselytism for, 390argument for, derived from the internal marks of truth and honesty in the New Testament, 391. M. de Gerandos encomiuin on, xviii. 256. proof of its truth, from its success at its origin, xx. 369obstacles to its success from the Jews, ib.from the Gen- tiles, 371from the manner of Christs death, ib.means by which they were overcome, 372 et seq. Chrysostoni, style of his eloquence, x. 209. Chuhb, Mr, his charges against the integrity of the New Testa- ment, vii. 388. 6hurch, causes of division in, 180. ____ in America, xviii. 172grand principles on which it dif- fers from the church in Europe, ib.number of congregations among the principal religious sects in the United States, 173. ____ in South America, xix. 188the popes power limited, 189salary of the bishops, ib.abuses practised by the lower orders of the clergy on the Indians, 191. Cicero, Boston edition of his works, noticed, ii. 129his extraor- dinary character, 130. notice of the Boston edition of, iv. 269. a case of murder recorded by him, x. 421 10 74 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Cicero, character of his eloquence, xv. 82his use of historical personages, 163. his Republic, reviewed, xvii. 33 er seq.discovery of the treatise has excited a strong sensation, ik.considered by Cicero the best of his works, 34interesting from the mode of its dis- covery, ib.the character and style of the treatise commended, ib.the facts relating to the original composition of the trea- tise, 37the treatise quoted by the Christian fathers, ib.its disappearance, 39its discovery, 40 et seq.quotation, 46, 52 examination of the theories of the origin of society, 53forms of government, 55constitution of the Roman republic, 57 Mr Villemains discourse and dissertations, analyzed, 62, 67. his character as a philosopher and writer, xviii. 253 et seq. edited Lucretius poem, 271. xxii. 35. - length of some of the speeches of, xxv. 442his account of his professional education, 448. Cid, the, an important personage in Spanish Poetry, xxiii. 126. Cincinnati, Picture of, by Drake, iii. 219. Circello, Marquis di, his diplomatic intercourse with Mr Pink- ney, xxi. 273 et seq. C~irculating medium, nature and purposes of, ii. 364its connex- ion with the tastes and luxuries of mankind, 365the proper materials for this medium, 367amount of it in the United States, 370. Circumstantial evidence, x. 419 et seq. Cities, proof derived from, of the effects of an increase of popula- tion in reducing the expenses of living, xxv. 145. Civil law, the study of, xi. 407 et seq.reasons of its peculiar ira- portance to our countrymen, 408 et seq.continental prece- dents adopted in the English maritime law, 411their actual importance, 412. succession by, xii. 211. has imparted a spirit of strict morality to the laws of in- surance and the courts of equity, xxii. 260its doctrines some- times too high and refined for practical use, 268its wide spread influence, 269. Civil liberty, progress of, xii. 290in England, 2%American 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 75 revolution, 296views of European sovereigns, 297effects of the press, 300. Civilization, origin of viii. 222. in what it consists, xxii. 336. Civilized and savage life compared, xii. 250. Claims of the United States upon European powers, for spoliations, xxi. 269 et seq.their importance to the national prosperity and honor, 270manner in which they have been treated by for- eign powers, 271claim on Naples4 ib.its origin, 272di- plomatic intercourse with relation to, 273 et seq.claim on Hol- land, 278its origin, ib.discussed, 279 et seq.arguments against these claims, refuted, 290nations and not their rulers, responsible, 291claims for French spoliations, 296. Claims for French spoliations, their great amount, xxii. 136di- vided into two classes, 137those excluded from the Louisiana convention, ib.under decree of 9th May, 1793, ib.twice revoked, and finally restored, 138embargo at Bordeaux, 139 Mr Monroe appoints an agent, who reports, ib.obtains partial relief, 140new decree of 2d July, 1796, 141decree of the Directory to the Windward Islands, ib.case of the Patty, 142 decree of 27th November, ib.other decrees, and their op- pressive operation, 143case of Captain Martin, ib.nego- tiations, 144convention of 1800, 146mutual renunciation of claims between France and the United States, 147origin and nature of the claim on the United States, ib.application to Congress by American citizens for relief, in 1802, 148in 1807, 149in 1818, and 1822, 150under more favorable cir- cumstances in 1823, 1824, 151arguments against the claim considered, 152redress not sought by war, ib.character of the hostilities of 1798, ib.argument that the claim was worth- less, answered, 154not worthless, 155 et seq.compared with the Spanish claim, 157value set upon it by the governments of both countries, 158. Claim of France on the United States,~ its origin and amount, xxii, 147renounced, 148. Claims on Denmark, stated by Mr Cushing, xxii. 456history of the spoliations, 456 et seq.Mr Ervings mission. Claims of American citizens on France for spoliations, xxiii. 385 76 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ ~OLS. .their origin, 386Berlin decree, 387its operation princi- pally on American commerce, 388proceedings under it, ib. British retaliatory orders in council, 389followed by the Milan decree, ib.operating chiefly on the United States, 390de- cree of Bayonne, ih.operation of the embargo law, 391de- cree of Rambonillet and seizure of all American vessels in France, ib.iniquity of this measure, 392classification of the property seized, ib.first class, of property not condemned, ib. state of the question with regard to this class, 393important considerations with regard to the Antwerp sequestrations, 394 second class, of property condemned, 396these condemna- tions an infraction of the convention with France, ib.were often only imperial decisions without trial, ib.were often re- trospective, 397and made under the most frivolous pretexts, 398negotiations for indemnity, ibby Mr Barlow, ib.hy Mr Gallatin, 400his repeated attempts to obtain justice, 402 shameful conduct of the French ministry, 403continuation of the controversy under a change of ministers, 404commer- cial difficulties made a pretence for delaying justice, 405new pretence of a question under the Louisiana treaty, 408nature of this obstacle, 409final appeal of Mr Gallatin, 410negotia- tions of Mr Sheldon and Mr Brown, ib.importance of these claims, ib.their amount, 411their payment due to the na- tional honor, ib.ground on which it is evaded by France, 412 serious consideration of this subject contemplated by Con- gress, 413. Clairaut, his method of composing elementary works, xiii. 373. _______ calculated the return of halleys comet, xiv. 31. _______ his solution of diffiulties in the lunar theory, xx. 331 calculation of the comet of 1759, 348. Clap, Rev. Thomas, president of Yale college, wrote a hook in defence of its charter, x. 101character of president Clap, ib. his theory of meteoric stones, xiv. 374. Clarendon, Lord, his opinion of Machiavel, v. 348. Clark, Master John, eulogy on, xii, 314. Clark, Mr, his Naval History of the United States, xxi. 2ac- count of the exploits of Captain Mugford, 5quoted, 9. Clark, Gen. W., his letter concerning J. D. Hunter, 105. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 77 Clarke, Duke of Feltre, his mistaken views of Ireland, xxiv. 336. Classical education, Wyttenbach on, ix. 192. Classical learning, objection to, considered, xxiii. 143advocated, ib. et seq. Classical learning, opinion of Judge Story on, xxiv. 135. Classical Reader, Greenwoods and Emersons, x. 234. Classics, ancient, value of, as a study, vi. 324. advantage of their study, x. 31. study of them, discussed, xi. 311 et seq. their value as a branch of modern learning, xix. 126models of fine writing, ib.no branch of literary history can be well understood without a knowledge of them, 128 particular reasons why they should be studied in the United States, 129encourage an enlightened spirit of independence, 130their strong influence on national character, 131their utility as a branch of study in drawing out and invigorating the faculties, 133. Clavigcro exposed Buffons errors in American zoology, vxi. 21, Clay, Henry, cited, xix. 232, 236, 239quoted, 245. - Collection of the Speeches of, reviewed, xxv. 425 character of his speeches, 443their subjects, 444his quali- ties as an orator, ib.circumstances in which he is deficient, ib.his want of labor and finish, 445his career in Gon~ress, 446his zeal in the cause of South American Independence, ib.his eminence as a public speaker the immediate cause of his popularity, 447. Clayton, account of, xiii. 104his Flora Virginica, ib. Cleaveland, Professor, his Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy, re- viewed, v. 409adopts the general plan of Brogniart, 413his introduction, ib.his account of crystalization, 414his re- marks on the method of Werner, 415his remark on the phys. ical or- external characters of minerals, 419on the best method of arrangement, 422remarks on that of Haiiy, 425charnc- ter of his work, 428. his Mineralogy republished in England, vi. his Mineralogy adopted in the schools in Germany, xii. 134. 145. 78 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Cleaveland, Professor, his Mineralogy, xiii. 124. See Cleveland. Cleirac, a writer on maritime law in the seventeenth century, vii. 335. Clement, of Rome, genuineness of his first epistle to the Corin- thians, vii. 383. Clerc, Laurent, his account of the Abbe Sicards method of in- structing the deaf and dumb, vii. 132. Clergy, benefit of, origin of the phrase, iii. 167. benefit of, explained by Cottu,. xiii. 345. Clergy of the United States, present state og ix. 256proportion of the number of, to that of the people, 257. deference paid to them in the early settlement of New Eng- land, xxiv. Clerk, General, anecdotes of, i. 199. Cleveland, Capt. Richard J., his narrative of a voyage to the Northwest Coast, xxv. 458account of his beating up to the north end of Formosa during the northeast monsoon, 458mu- tiny of his crew, 460arrival and transactions at the Northwest Coast, 461perilous situation of his vessel, 463fortunate ter- mination of his voyage, 464. See Cleaveland. Clifton, William; poetical character of, vii. 204. Climate of the United States, contrasts of, ii. 15. of North America and Europe between the same parallels of latitude, xiii. 55. Clinton, De Witt, his Discourse before the Literary and Philosoph- ical Society of New York, reviewed, i. 390his subjects and manner of treating them, 390quotation from, on the causes which have impeded, and those which may hereafter promote learning, 391 et seq. Discourse before the Literary and Philosophical society of New York, viii. 157. his Discourse concerning the Five Nations of Indians, xix. 465. his Discourse on the History of the Iroquois, xxii. 60. recommends the enactment of a code of laws, xxiii. 200. importance of the public benefit conferred by him in the New York canal, xxv. 141. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 79 Cijo, reviewed, xvi. 102 et seq. See Percival. Club Room, reviewed, xiv. 334 et seq. Clymer, George, xxii. 190. Coaches, public complaint of, i. 15. Coal mines of New Castle, description of, ii. 268. Coal, its existence in the Western Territory, xvi. 250. Cobbeit, character of, i. 69. character of his writings, and degree of influence, ii. 258. confinement of, in Newgate, 355. his Years Residence in America, reviewed, viii. 135ob- jects of his work, 137extracts from his diary, 138his ac- count of the Ruta Baga, 139. cited, xiii. 28his attack on Shakspeare and Milton. 466~ Cobier of Agawam, i. 297. Coccejus, his interpretation of the Bible, xiv. 393 et seq. Cochabamba, in Peru, excesses committed there by the Indians, xx. 295routed by the Spaniards, ib. Cochin China, Mr Whites Voyage to, xix. 140anciently called Onam, ib.Le Poivres account of, erroneous, l4lappearance and character of the inhabitants at the mouth of the river Donnai 144cupidity of the Mandarins, 146description of a chiefs~ house, 147deception and cunning of the head persons, 148 at Saigon, the capital city, the females conduct the mercantile business, 151tedious ceremony of measuring and examining the vessels, which enter the harbor, ib.the natives use every art to delay, embarrass, and cheat, 152are believed to be a degenerate race of the true Chinese, ib.are accustomed to arms, ib .remarkable prosperity of the country effected by the influence of Bishop Adran, 153skill in ship-building and ex- cellence of the timber, 154the inhabitants are polytheists and have temples and idols, 154animal productions of the coun- try, 155curious anecdote, ib. Cochrane, Lord, i. 70. his advice with regard to the attack on New Orleans, iii. 252his abortive attempt on Fort St Philip, 258. Cockrane, Charles Stuart, his Travels in Columbia, reviewed, xxi. 153objects of his tour, 156character of his work, 157account of travelling apparatus, 158 et seq.his annoyan 80 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. ces, 159, et seq.his account of alligators, 162his history of Colombia, ib.its plagiarisms, ib.his description of the Con- gress Halls of Bogot~i, 167, et seq.visits the heads of depart- ment. Cockrane, Captain John Dundas, his .account of Kamschatka, xxv. 16. Code Napoleon, xix. 436. - object of peculiar complacency to its author, xx. 395his agency in its formation, 396its discussion and adop- tion, 400its division into five parts, ib.introduction through- out the French empire, 400 et seqretained in France after the downfall of Napoleon, 402modifications, ib.-account of the subdivisions of the Code, 402 etseq. Code de Procedure Civile, described, ~ 410. Code Civile, called by way of eminence, Code Napoleon, xx. 410 its great value, 402analysed, 403 et seq.conference on it, 404. Code de Commerce, xx. 412analysed, ib. et seq. Code dInstruction Criminelle, xx. 412. Code P6nal, xx. 411briefly analysed, ib. Codes of Law, xxiii. 200enactment of, recommended by the governors of SouthrCarolina and New York, ib.progress made in England, ib. Code, general, practicability and expediency of substituting, for the common and statute law, xxiv. 193sense of the profession of the law against it, ib.division of opinion and probable con- test with regard to, 194. Codices rescripti, xii. 386. described, xvii. Codffication, expediency og considered, viii. 63 et seq. has lately engaged much attention, xx. 413its expedi- ency questionable, 413 et seqwill not destroy litigation, 415 would facilitate the study of law, 415 et seq.forms in which a code might appear, 416its value, ib. Coins, Phcenician, by whom collected and published, x. 227. C~oins of England, xiv. 194 et seq.of France, 203of the Uni- ted States, 205of China, 224. Coke, Sir Edward, his life and writings, xiii. 255 et seq..his xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 81 birth, education, and early life, 256reader of Lyons Inn, ib. his marriage, ib.his rapid rise, ib.his second marriage with Lady Hatton, ib.prosecuted on account of its irregularity 257his friendship towards the church, 257, 278his emi- nence among the lawyers of his time, 258his conduct in the prosecution of the earls of Essex and Southampton, ib.kni~ht- ed by king James, ib.--his conduct in the trial of Raleigh, ib. his conduct in the trial of the conspirators in the gunpowder treason, 260his speech in Garnets case, ib.made sergeant at law and chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, 260 letter to, from Bacon, 260, 283his animosity against Bacon, 261, 268, 270made chief justice of the Kings Bench, 261 his conduct as to extrajudicial opinions, ib.conduct in Overburys cause, ibpersonal anecdote of, 262displeases the king, 263his controversy about chancery jurisdiction, ib. his conduct in the case of commendams, 263, 265his dis- grace, 269 et seq.character as a judge, 271marries his daughter to the brother of the duke of Buckingham, 271 et seq. domestic troubles, 271 et seq.restored to favor, 272mutu- al conduct of him and his enemies, 273conduct in parlia- ment, 273 et seq. 275 et seq~mildness towards Bacon, 273 committed to the tower, 274refused admission to king Charless presence, 275compelled to serve as sheriff of Bucks, ib.his retirement and death, 276seizure of his papers, ib. his family, 277person, personal anecdotes, and character of, 277 et seq.his Reports, 278 et seq.his Entries, 280his Institutes, 281 et seq.his other writings, 284. ~Coke, Sir Edward, cited, xv. 67, 201. his conduct at the trial of Lord Essex, xvi. ____________ quoted, on the institution of justices of the peace, xix. 390on the origin of the common law, 412. his Institutes, xx. 414. Coker, Daniel, a colored man, who for a time had charge of the American colonists at Sherbro, xviii. 51. Colardeau, his Translation of Youngs Night Thoughts, i. 203. Colbert, design of the ordinance of Louis XIV attributed to, xiii. 19. Colburn, Warren, his Arithmetic, reviewed and commended, xiv. 381 et seq. 11 82 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Colburn, Warren, author of valuable publications on analytical arithmetic, xix. 452. Colden, his account of the language and orators of the Five Na- tions, ii. 25. - corresponded with Linnams on botany, xiii. 105. Colden, his opinion in the trial of Goodwin, xi. 120. Coligni, his attempt to colonize Florida, xv. 46. College, Cumberland, Dr Lindsleys account of, xxiv. 223. Colleges, evil from the number of small ones in the United States, iii. 406. - improvement of the means of education at, vii. 272plan for the modeling Qf, in America as schools for the professions, 274advantages of this plan as a means of improving the liter- ature of the country, 276. in the United States, state of, ix. 242habits of students in, 244duties of professors in, 249. Collier, Sir George R., his views respecting the American colony in Africa, xviii. 86. Collins, the adversary of Christianity, his remark with respect to alteration in the Scriptures, refuted, vii. 387. Colman, Benjamin, Dr, his introduction to Penhallows History, iii. 2. first pastor of Brattle Street Church, xxi. Colombia, government of~ its liberal laws respecting people of color, xviii. 84. its present system of government xx. 78 et seq.Hall on the Present State of, noticed, 441stability of its government, ib.administration of justice, 442abolition of distinctions of color, ib.regulations of commerce, ib.emigration, 443re- ligion, ib. Travels in, by Captain Cochrane, xxi. 153his history og, 162proposed History of Mr Restrepo, 163extent and con- tents of the republic, 163 et seq.boundaries, ib.its political and natural advantages, ib.its system of government, 164 et seq.deviations from that of the United States, 165formation of its constitution, 166its revolutionary worthies, Bolivar, 171 Sucre, & c., 173Montilla, 174its present favorable pros- pects, 175its commerce and commercial regulations, 175 et seq. its laws relating to slavery and to public schools, 176 et seq. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 83 Colombia, its form of government, xxii. 462will probably be changed from the central to the federal, 463History of, pre- pared for publication, 464. resemblance of its constitution to that of the United States, xxiii. 314differs in making the government central or consolidated, 3l5circumstances under which it was formed, ib.original disposition towards separate independence of the provinces, 316tendency towards a federal union, 317first formal union, ib.provided only a temporary government, 318 circumstances which favored the disposition for separate gov- ernments, ib.ignorance of the provinces of each other, 319 Congress of Cucuth, 320result of, ib.difficulties in the way of the federal system, 321difference of situation from that of the North American states, ib.success of the government under the constitution, 323the Federalists, ib.sources of danger of separation, ib.danger of large states, ib.difference be- tween the constitution of Colombia and that of the United States, 324in the treaty.making power, ib.superiority of the Colombian in this particular, 325powers of the Congress to require a negotiation for peace, 327ineligibility of the presi- dent beyond a second term, 328wisdom of this provision, ib. Congress the final judge of the meaning of the constitution, 331this provision objected to, 331 et seq.may expel its mem- bers and declare them unfit for office, 335members not neces- sarily inhabitants of the district they represent, 336not bound by the instructions of their constituents, 337admission of the members of other departments of government to the legislature, 338 et seq.omission in the constitution with regard to eligi- gibility to office, 34Oqualifications for the right of suffrage, ib.its loss and suspension, 34lqualifications for the offices of representative, senator, president, and vice-ptesident, ib. mode of election, 341 et seq.objections to it, 342apportion- ment of representation, 343trial by impeachment, 344pow- ers of the president and executive council, ib.objections to the functions of the council, 345duties of the secretaries, ib. foundation of the judiciary, 346division of the republic for in- ternal administration, ib.Declaration of Rights, 346 et seq. trial by jury, 348. 84 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Colombia, exploits of Paez in the revolution of, xxv. 91other in- dividuals distinguished in the service of, 93situation of, in the year 1826, 94circumstances occurring in the settlement of the government of, 95dissatisfaction in Venezuela and Quito, with the operation of the constitution of, 96particular favor shown to Venezuela and Paez by the executive of, 97conduct of a disaffected party in Venezuela, and measures taken by the executive with regard to it, 9S origin of the rebellion in Ven- ezuela against the government of, 99events of that rebellion, lOOimpeachment of Paez by the Congress of, 101demand for a convention to reform the constitution of, 106various revolutionary movements occurring in, 107arrival of Bolivar, and his conduct in allaying the disturbances in, 108 et seq. Columbo, Domenico, father of Columbus, his occupation, 410 his family, ib.removal to Savona, xxi. 4152. Colon, name assumed by Columbus in Spain, xxi. 410. Colonial policy of Great Britain, iii. 351. Colonies, circumstances which influenc~ the prospects of, i. 393 generally the objects of oppression, 395influence of the situa- tion of, upon literature, 396. American, the administration of, v. 1. American, restrictions on the trade of, ix. 381Mr Otiss pamphlet on the rights of, 389. American, the British policy toward them, x. 351 et seq. settlement of the interior discouraged, 353general charac- ter and merits of the colonies, 354difficulties surmounted by them, 357military efforts, 358commercial obligations of Great Britain to them, 359dispositions of England from the peace of 1763American colonies prevented by the English government from abolishing slavery, 368. ____ the New England, compared with others, ancient and modern, xv. 24designed for mere trading companies, 25 English in America, 40French, 46Dutch, 50on the N. W. coast of America, 376, 384. of England in America, origin of their jurisprudence, xxi. 106 et seqnature of their government by the mother country, 107received the common law, ib.various stages of its im- provement, 109their various circumstances and situations i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 85 modified, but did not cause a departure from its proper princi- ples, 109 et seq.their jurisprudence to be investigated in in- vestigating the subject of American common law, 110 et seq. probability that they possessed a common system of polity, 111 reasons for this belief, 111 et seq.authority of Parliament over them, ib.they contended for the e~dstence of a gen- eral civil constitution for them, 115liability of their com- mon law to alteration, 117the power of administering justice in them, an emanation from the crown, 119royal authority limited and questioned, 119 et seqappeals of colonial courts to the king in council, P21origin, nature, and extent of his jurisdiction over them, P21 et seq.their admiralty jurisdiction, P24want of a court of equity, P25contemplated court of ap- peal, ib. Colonization Society, its origin and history, xviii. 40 et seq.first proposed by the Rev. Dr Finley, 42agents sent to England and Africa by the managers, 43their reception and doings at Sierra Leone, 44explore the country down the coast and on the Sherbro islands, 45 et seqsingular interview with king Sherbro, 47benevolent interference of the Colonization Soci- ety in restoring to liberty several captured Africans in Georgia, 49failure of the societys attempts at the Sherbro islands, 50 new agents sent out, who go down the coast to the Bagroo and Grand Bassa countries, 52purchase of Cape Mesurado for the society by Lieutenant Stockton and Dr Ayres, 53 et seq. objects of the society essentially promoted by Captain Spence, 57advantages which may be expected to result from the suc- cess of the society, 58. See Africaslavery can be suppressed in no way with so much facility as by colonization, 61coloni- zation in Africa necessary to carry into effect the laws of the United States concerning the slave trade, 66aids rendered by the society in executing the laws of government, 69remarka- ble incident in Baltimore to this effect, 70benefits of the Col- onization Society in improving the condition of the Africans as regards intellectual culture, progress in useful arts, and religion, 74 et seq.objects of the society practicable, 81various use- ful purposes to which the attention of the society may be turn- ed, 88. 86 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Colonization Society, its Seventh Annual Report, reviewed, xx. l9lGeneral Harpers letter on the objects of the society, l94proved to be practicable, 195 et seq.to be promoted principally by the education of the young, and plan for this pur- pose, 197 et seq. its Colonial Journal and Eighth Annual Re- port, noticed, xxi. 230Mr Bacons sermon on its advantages, 462. Color, difference of, in the human race, xix. 407. Colored plates, on the mode of preparing and printing, ix. 24. Colors, on the sources of the beauty of; vii. 20. Colqulioun, degree of dependence to be placed on his testimony, i. 90. his remarks on the increase of profligacy, ix. 302. Columbiad, a poem, by Joel Barlow, vii. 203. Columbia river, American settlement on, ii, 304. Columbus, sailed in the service of Spain, xii. 318 et seq.his claims to the discovery of the New World, 339. his motives for sailing westward, xiv. 34. Memorials of, xviii. 4l5discovery of curious manu- scripts which belonged to him, ib. et seq.a monument erected to him in Genoa, 4l6account of his early life, 417. influence of his discovery upon the world, xxi. 398its immense importance, 399doubts as to the place of his nativity, ib.controversy on this subject, 400claimed by Pradello, 401 by Cuccaro, 4O3evidence for his birth at Genoa, 406 et seq. changes his name in Spain, 410his birth in 1447, 4llem- ployment of his youth, ib.his early devotion to the sea, ib. exploits of his early life, 4l2voyage to Frisland and the polar circle, ib.his engagement with a Venetian fleet, 413and narrow escape, ib.repairs to Lisbon, remains and marries there, 414his voyages and fame as a navig~~tor, ib.his strug- gles in accomplishing the discovery of America, 415his kind- ness to his father, 4l6repairs to Spain, 417his fortunes there, ib.his extraordinary reverses, ib.returu from his fourth voyage, ib.reception by Ferdinand, 418his treat- ment by him, ib.his death, 419his glory unparalleled, 420his person, habits, and character, ib.his sons, 421 et xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 87 seq.final extinction of the male line of his descendants, 424 history and account of the Codice, ib.its true title, 426docu- ments which it contains, 426 et seq.its importance, 429. Columbus, new documents relating to, xxiii. 484narrative of voy- ages, 485his character, 487. new documents relating to, xxiv. 265discovery of a manuscript narrative of his first voyage, written by himselg 268 quotation from the introduction, 269his greatness how dis.. played during this voyage, 270terror of his crew, 271was the first to observe the variations of the magnetic needle, ib. consternation of his companions on observing this phenomenon, ib.his artifices to support their courage, 271 et seq.quota- tions from his Journal, 272 et seq.his account of the discovery of land, 274what island first discovered, doubtful, ib.his expectation that he was to find the Indies, 275his impression of the amiable character of the Indians, 276quotation of a characteristic passage, ib.narrations of his second and third voyages, 277sells some Indians as slaves in Spain, 278his fourth voyage, 280extracts from a letter to Ferdinand and Isabella, ib.his unpublished letters, 281extracts from them, 282 et seq.his good understanding with Amerigo Vespucci, 283-and testimony of his character, 284singular proof of his infirm health, ib.his birthplace established, 285manuscript notices of his early life, ib.his collection of prophecies, 286 extract from ib.treatment of, by Ferdinand, attempt to palli- ate, 288arguments examined, ib. et seq.first honors paid to him on the discovery of America, 289subsequent injuries and indignities, 290is superseded, seized, and carried in chains to Spain, 291proofs that this was done by order of Ferdinand 292. Columbus, Bartholomew, brother of the discoverer, xxi. 424. Columbus, Diego, elder son of the discoverer of America, xxi, 414 inherits his titles and claims, 422prosecutes his right, ib.. his partial success, 423difficulties with Pasamonte, ib.death, ib.his family, 424. Columbus, Ferdinand, son of the discoverer of America, xxi. 417 his learning and works, 421his life of his father, ib.loss of the original Spanish copy, ib.unaccounted for, 422. 88 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Columbus, Giacomo, brother of the discoverer, xxi. 423. Columbus the Younger, a celebrated corsair, xxi. 411. Combustion, supporters of, a term not applicable in the present state of chemistry, ix. 131. Comedy, Italian, v. 183. Comet, Halleys, its return discovered by Messier, xx. 327twenty discovered by the same astronomer, ib.twenty-five by Pons, 328Euckes, 339method of calculating their orbits simplified since Newton, 347superiority of the method of Olbers, 348 facilitated by the modern tables, ib.number whose orbits are calculated, 349and elliptical, ib..-that pass within the earths orbit, :349consequences of contact of one with the earth, 349 et seq.history of, by Pingr6, 361. Comets, remarks on their orbits, xiv. 26orbit of a remarkable one ascertained by professor Encke, 27 et seq. Comines, De, cited, xiii. 9. Commendams, the case of, xiii. 265. Commerce, General Turreaus View of that of the United States, iii. 80influence of, upon the destiny of nations, 33inconsis- tency of, with democratic institutions, 86absurdity of Tur- reau with regard to, exposed, 87vast influence of, on the con- dition of mankind, 89union of, with science, 156. state of, among the ancients, vii. 324. foreign, the question of laying restrictions on it for the encouragement of manufactures, x. 316. in Chile, as it existed under the vice-royalty, xviii. 301 articles of, 30~2its later improvements, 303. one of the three branches of national industry, xix. 325 remark on, by Destutt-Tracy, 331its peculiar advantages to a nation, ib.of South America, al~vays depressed by the laws of Old Spain, 175all nations excluded from a participation in it, 176mode in which it was carried on, and the cruel exac- tions from the colonies, 177contraband trade, 179pretend- ed decree of free trade, 180account of Captain Kendricks visit to the island of Juan Fernandez, 181wretched commer- cial system of Old Spain, one cause of the revolution in the col- onies, 183. ~ its surprising progress in modern times, xx. 47state ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 89 of, in Holland, Russia, Italy, France, and Great Britain, 47 et seq.British, the great extent it acquired during the eighteenth century, 48. Commercial law, its probable non-existence among the ancients, vii. 3~3. its improvement in Great Britain, not correspond- ent to the advancement of its commerce, xx. 48had made little progress at the commencement of the reign of George the Third, ib.historical review of, 49Malyns Lex Mercatoria not confined to England, ibrefers to no English adjudications, 50 great deficiencies in all the earlier works, 51state of, in France, 53solution of this state of things found in the exclu- sive nature of the common law, 54its principles slowly recog- nised by the common law, 54, 57its improvements by Lord Mansfield, 58stationary in the hands of his successors on the bench, 58 et seq.foreign, little studied by English lawyers, 60 et seq.change in this respect taking place, 14its progress in America since the Revolution, 70. Committees of correspondence in the American revolution, origin of, vi. 309. at the commencement of the Amer- ican revolution, xxii. 381, 38~2, note. Commodus, the Roman emperor, contends in the gladiatorial games for an enormous salary, xvi. 17~2. Common law of England, advantages which have arisen from it in England and the United States, vi. 45progress of the different branches of, 46present state of, 48influence of the publica- tion of Blackstones Commentaries upon, 53various modern works relating to, noticed, ib.its foundation in the feudal insti- tutions, 64. _______ excellence and necessity of, vii. 184 et seq.sense- less vilification of, ib.nature of, 186. ____ character of, xvii. 72said by Sir W. Blackstone to have no authority in the American plantations, 75. See Laws of ]Jiliassaclzusetts. its traditionary origin, xix. 411Lord Cokes opinion on this subject, 412Mr Sampsons investigation of its early history, ib.his remarks on its imperfections and capa 90 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. bleness of being improved, 413 et seq.circumstances which have retarded its improvement, 416its artificialness and tech- nicality, 417veneration and obedience paid to authority and precedent, 418authority the foundation of the English com- mon law, 419time has not improved this science as it has other things, 421.-.--litigation caused by its artificial nature in regard to real property, 424what is meant by the certain- ty of the law, 425all the states, while colonies, adopted the English common law, 428hints for its gradual improvement, 430nothing should be done in times of political excitement, 431 multiplication of reports an evil in the way of the im- provement of the law, 433-task of reformation should be sub- mitted to many skilful hands, 434Napoleon code, 436exam- ples of reform in other branches of law, 437. Common law of England, the foundation of American law, xxi. 377consritution of the United States presupposes it, ib.de- dared to continue in force by many of the states, 378its na- ture and origin, 379 et seqits mode of improvement, 380 illustrated by decisions relating to oaths of witnesses, 381--- objections considered, 382. See Law. its origin and character, xxii. 261remarks of a French writer, quoted by Barrington, 262, note. prevailing ideas with regard to, xxiii. 198support~& by Blackstones authority, l99controverted by Mr Sampson, ib.its wisdom not to be attributed to the ancient inhabit~rit4 of Britain, 200nature of the controversy, 201. ridiculed in the Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham, xxiv. 44. Common schools, xix. See Schools. of New York, Report & f the Superintendent of, January, 1827, noticed, xxv. 223. Commons, House of, in Great Britain, circumstances in which its debates differ from those of the American Congress, xxv. 430 et seq.grent amount of business transacted by, 433. Companies, British Fur, their indulgence and encouragement of the intemperate habits of the Indians, xxiv. 411extent of their sovereignty and their petty wars with each other, 413charac- ter of the proceedings of these companies, 413 et seq.their xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 91 leaders, 414their fraudulent treatment of the Indians, 413 their immense profits, 415bad effects of, upon the Indians, ib. Gomplutensian Polyglott, Greek manuscripts of, made into car- tridges, xii. 180. Composition, necessity of labor and revision to produce a finished piece, xix. 44. care bestowed upon it by eminent writers, xx. 281 by Newton, Burke, Bossuet, and Rousseau, ib. Comstock, J. L., his Elements of Mineralogy, 487its defects, 487 et seq. Comyns, Lord Chief Baron, his Digest of Law, xxiii. 10his high reputation, ib.excellence of his work, 10 et seq.was com~ posed in Law French, ib.value of the original edition, ib. gross faults of the later editions, ib. Concitology, its value as an aid in the study of geology, viii. 409, Concord, in New Hampshire, Annals of, xviii. 407originally in- habited by the Penacook Indians, ib. Condorcet, his Moyen dapprendre i~ compter, recommended, xiii. 367. his vie~vs of the consequences of indefinite increase of population, xvii. 5298his opinion of the possibility of eternal life, 301. Confederation of the United States, the old, its defects, xxv. 2552 Washingtons and Hamiltons opinions on, 5253 et seqits evils greater in peace than in ~var, 5256its inadequacy to securing the interests of the country, 5257. Conference on the Civil Code, xx. 404account of this work, 405 extract from it, 405 et seq. Confessions admitted in evidence, x. 418. Confessions, Rousseaus, xv. 1, 6. Conflagration of Havre de Grace, account of, v. 157. Confucius, the Chinese philosopher, xx. 4352. xxii. 290. Congress of the United States, compared with the House of Commons, xiv. 157, 189, 190. its power in regard to the militia, xix. 5277, noteact of, to provide for national defence, 278authorizing drafts of militia, 5291, note. 92 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Congress of the United States, passes resolutions commendatory of Lafayette, xx. 152its expressions of respect on his de- parture in 1734, 154its resolutions in memory of Count Pu- laski, 388. Register of Debates in, by Gales and Seaton, xxii. 224. under the old system, its deliberations secret, xxiv. 93 appoints a committee to correspond with friends in Europe, & c., 95prepares a commercial treaty to be offered to France and Spain, 97. inadequacy of the power of, under the old confederation, xxv. 253 et seq.General Washingtons opinion on the necessi- ty of giving fuller powers to, 259circumstances in which it differs, as a debating body, from the British House of Com- mons, 435 et seq.of the redundancy of speaking in, 436 pro- lixity not peculiar to, 441. & ngress at Panamh, suggested by Bolivar, xxii. 165how con- stituted, l66its objects, l67subjects to be discussed, 173. See Alliance. Congress of Colombia, its participation in the treaty-making pow- er, xxiii. 325its power to require the executive to negotiate a peace, 327to determine the proper construction of the con- stitution, 33Jto expel its own members, 335members not necessarily inhabitants of the province they represent, 336not hound by the instructions of their constituents, 337officers of other departments not forbidden admission, 338elegi bility of members to office, 34Oqualifications of the members, 341 mode of election, 344powers of trial by impeachment, ib. Congress of Cucut~, or constituent congress, xxiii. 320adopts a constitution with great unanimity, ib. Congreve rockets, inefficiency of, in the expedition against New Orleans, iii. 251. Connecticut, pamphlet relating to the controversy of, with New York, noticed, ii. 145. Humphreys on the Agriculture of, iv. 98. Trumbulls History of, v. 435. Trumbulls History of, viii. 72circumstances in the first settlement of, which have influenced the subsequent char- acter of its inhabitants, 73eulogium on the character of the I xxv.il GENERAL INDEX. 93 people of, 76discovery of the coast of, when and by whom made, 76 et seq.tract of country forming the state of, origi- nally included in the Plymouth patent, 79facts relating to the original settlement and title to the lands of, 80knowledge of the river of, possessed by the Dutch, 82and communicated to the colonists at Plymouth, 83first settlement in, by the Dutch, ib.contest between the Dutch and English about the prior claim to, 84originally settled by colonists from Massachu- setts, 85war with the Pequots and their final destruction, 88 et seqnew colony in, at New Haven, 94controversy of, with Massachusetts, relative to a declaration of war against the Dutch, 95account of the real facts in this case, 96com- plaint of the general court against that of Massachusetts, 103 spirit of the people of, in relation to the Dutch, 105the prohi- bition of the use of tobacco in, 106-residence of two of the regicide judges of Charles I, in, 106republicanism of, 107 charter of, as granted by Charles II, 108inclusion of New Haven within this charter, 108----territory of, included under the patent to the duke of York in 1664, 109invasion of, by Major Andross, 111attempt to invade the charter privileges of, under Colonel Fletcher, 113subsequent attempts, 115foundation of Yale College in, ib.episcopacy in, 116. Connecticut, school fund of, x. 115its effects on the state of the schools, 116. boundaries of, in her charter, xiii. 315school fund, 319. Sketch of, Forty Years since, xix. 467criticism on this work, ib. Connecticut river. See Merrimack. Conquest of Canaan, a poem by Dr Dwight, vii. 202criticism of, 351. Consciousness, not a distinct power of the mind, xix. 13. Consolato del Mare, a collection of mercantile usages, origin of, vii. 329importance and authority of, 330general outline of its method and contents, 331. See Consulate. Constant, Benjamin, an advocate for the Bible, xii. 381. Constantinople, Latin the original prevailing language of, ix. 96. its importance as a place of trade, x. 171multi- tude of dogs in, 439. 94 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Constantinople, description of this city, xi. 233. Constituent Assembly of France, purposes which it effected, xix. 53. Constitution of Massachusetts, Report of the legislative committee in regard to a revision of, reviewed, xi. 359 et seq.discussion of the necessity of a convention, 360 et seq.on the partial ap- portionment of representation to property, 374 et seq.on the relio-ious test, 377the principle of an internal provision for amendment, 382. Constitution, the watchword of the day, xii. 290of Massachusetts, convention for revising, 340. Constitution of the United States, extends the principle of repre- sentation to the executive and judicial, as well as the legislative branch, xxii. 446hence secures the highest advantages of the representative system, 447operation of that part which relates to the election of President, 448of that which relates to the treaty-making power, 449to transfer of allegiance, ib.to internal improvement, ib.writ of habeas corpus, 450works on the constitution recommended, ib. ______ - xxv. See Federal. Constitution, written, that of South Carolina the first, xxiii. 290. Constitution of Colombia, xxiii. 314. Consulate of the Sea, account of, xiii. 16translations of, 17. See Consolato. Consumption, supposed cure for, i. 210proportion of deaths from, in several cities in the United States, 402. Contagion, this subject discussed, x. 336definition of the term, 390. xii. 174, et seq.letter from Dr Osgood of Havana on, 175distinguished from infection, 177question of, not a ques- tion of words, 178. Contraband of war, discussed, xvii. 150, 160. See Jays Treaty. Contract, how understood by the Supreme Court, x. 92. Contracts, Maritime, Translation of Pothiers treatise on, reviewed, xiii. 1. Contracts for the payment of specific articles? xvii. 381. Contracts, Verplancks Essay on the Doctrine of, xxii. 253con fusion and uncertainty in the subject, 260incongruities in the xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 95 system of England and the United States, and difficulty of reconciling them, S261common law and courts of equity, 262 et seq.doctrine of insurance, 264difference between the law in this case, and in the case of other bargains, 265illustrated by example, 266doctrine of the civil law and French code respecting warranty, concealment, and inadequacy of price, 267the reverse of the English, 268quaint expressions of the Scotch law, ib.Mr Verplancks doctrine respecting price, 270 and when and how far positive law may differ from the strict honesty and good faith required by conscience, 271. Controversy, the peculiar province of Milton, xxv. 76its impor- tance as an instrument in the detection of error and the discov- ery of truth, 76 et seq. Convention with France, of 1800, xxii. 146, 157. Convention for forming the Federal constitution, loss of the debates in, xxv. 251expediency of the secret sessions of; considered, ib.first step to~vards the calling of; and its failure, 261diffi- culty of ascertaining the precise history of, 262members of, who refused to sign the constitution as promulgated, 270ac- count of the proceedings of that in Massachusetts, 271and of that in New York, 275. Cook, Captain, death of, at the Sandwich Islands, caused by the had conduct of his officers, iii. 43probably not the first Euro- pean visiter of the islands, 45. his visits to New Zealand, xviii. 329, 338sug- gested the use of the cowry tree for masts, 330. xxii. 335particulars of his death, as related by the natives of Hawaii, 345lamented and Worshipped by the islanders, ib. Cooke, his Just and Seasonable Vindication, noticed, iii. 305. Cooper, Reverend Dr Samuel, notices of his life, character, and usefulness, xxi. 445 et seq. Cooper, Thomas, his Address to the Graduates of South Carolina college, xiv. 317his ideas on eloquence controverted, 317 et seq. - his Lectures on the Elements of Political Econo- my, reviewed, xxv. 408his rank as a writer and man of sci- ence, ib.character of his work, 413omits to notice some 96 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. objections to his favorite doctrines, ib.sanctions the singular errors of Maithus on Population, 415his doctrines on this subject stated, 416and shown to be unfounded, 417. Cooper, Mr, the American Novelist, xxiii. 150his Pioneers and Last of the Mohicans, reviewed, ib.unfairness of a comparison of him with Scott, ib.his powers of invention, 151and spirit of romance, 152his characteristic excellence, 153and de- fect, ib.his descriptions of American scenery, 154fictitious characters, ib.real personages not successfully introduced, ib. his Last of the Mohicans, historical event of, 155is not suc- cessful in the delineation of female character, 163instance of want of delicacy, 165his delineations of Indian character, 166not strictly natural, 167his conception of the Scout, bold and original, 172his description of the trail-hunting of the Indians, 181probably exaggerated, 183some defects in his management of incidents, noticed, 191depend too much upon trick, 192his Pioneers, noticed, 193preferred to the Last of the Mohicans, though less popular, 197. Copernicus, his system of the heavenly bodies, xii. 154, 206. - his discovery of the motion of the planets, xx. 309. 1opleston, Professor, his Pr~lectiones Academic~, reviewed, xii. 1 et seq.defender of Oxford university against the Edinburgh Review, 1character of his Pradections, 12his Latinity, 15 translation from Burke, ib. Copley, the painter, xii. 179. Copley, Sir John, (Lord Lyndhurst,) singular mistake of, xxv. 279. Coppermine river, xv. 238. Copper Rock of Lake Superior, attempt to remove, xxv. 348. Corancez, his anecdotes of Rousseau, xv. 11, 13his opinion on the mode of Rousseaus death, 16. Lioray, his edition of Heliodorus x 277 contradicted by Psalida, ib. his reputation as a Grecian, xvii. 390his edition of the Greek Library, ib.translations from the introduction to the Ethics of Aristotle, 391 et seq. Corfu, its citadel, x. 430. Corilla, the famous improvisatrice, xv. 324. Corn laws of England, sketch of the history of, i. 214discussion of the expediency and principles of, 219 et seq. I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 97 Corn, influence of, upoif the price of labor, i. 216statements of Mr Maithus, concerning, ib.comparative price of, in Dant- zick and London, 219price at which a supply og might be furnished in London, 220price of, for two hundred years, 223. consequences of dependence upon foreign nations for a sup- ply of, ib. Corn, Indian, mistake in its cultivation in the Eastern States, iv. 103. Corneille regarded by the French, as the model of the sublime, x. 292his Cid how received, 294receives a pension from Cardinal Richelieu, 296his epitaph on him, ib.his remark on the Bajazet of Racine, 300. Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, xii. 179. Cornuti, his botanical work, xiii. 102. Corny, Mr, his paintings of the battles of Champlain and Platts- burg, i. 132. Corporations, on the law of, x. 85. Correction, house of, ix. 308.Howards remarks on the man- agement of, 310earliest establishment of, 311. Corregio, the painter, iv. 319. Cortereal, explores Labrador, xv. 50. Cortes, founder of the colony of Vera Cruz, xx. 80his cruelty at Cholula, 86 et seq. Cosmogony, a favorite study from the earliest times, xviii. 266of the ancients, 267 et seq.of the moderns, 272 et seq. See Earth. Cobtin, Madame, her Elizabeth, inferior to the true story, xxiv. 191. Cottu, his work on English law, reviewed, xiii. 343 et seq.sent from France to study the system of juries, ib.his reception in England, ib.his admiration of England, 344, 352, 354, 357. his explanation of benefit of clergy, 345his remarks on the manners and local attachments of the English, 346on the im- portance attached to grand juries, 347his contrast between an English and French criminal prosecution, 348 et seq.his de- scription of a court room at the assizes, 351inaccuracies of, 352 et seq.his account of Captain Maxwells offering him- self as a candidate at the Westminster election, 354his 13 98 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. remarks on the happiness of the English, 357on the difficulty of Frances adopting the English municipal regulations, 362. Counsel, in certain cases, not allowed to the accused in England, xxii. 254. Count dArtois, his habits and character, xviii. 12. County gaols, their pernicious influence on the prisoners morals, x. 255report of the grand jury of Suffolk relative to them, 256. Court, Supreme, of the United States, iii. 100safety of the power entrusted to, 102. its equity powers, xxiii. 28 not rendered unfit by the number of Judges, 27. jurisdiction of, in regard to the states, contested by Georgia, xxiv. 353case of Virginia, 353Kentucky stop laws, 355sundry other cases detailed, 355 et seq.decision of, on the steam-boat question, 359im- portance and high character of the tribunal, 361. Courts of justice, mode of giving decisions in, vii. 194impor- tance of written decisions in, 195. jurisdiction of, in the United States, xviii. 171. Courtenay, E. S., his Eulogy on the Hon. William Crafts, xxiv. 473. Cowley, his Essays, xiv. 320, 325. Cowpens, Bottas description of the battle of, xiii. 194. Cowper, William, Third Volume of his Poems, reviewed, ii. 233 difference of opinion with regard to his poems, 234allowan- ces to be made for his gloomy views, 235character of his po- etry, 236of his life, ib.quotations from his poetry, 231 et seq.from one of his letters, 241. ___________ Memoir of his Early Life, reviewed, v. 48char- acter of this memoir, ib.its publication injudicious, 52moral influence of his writings, 53injury to it from this publication, 54. character of his poetry, viii. 300. commenced an improved style of English poe- try, x. 27. a mistaken notion of, respecting versification, xiii. 240Byrons criticism on, 463, 468. cited, xv. 211~his Translation of Homer, 350 his character, 8. 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 99 Oowper, William, his Private Correspondence, xix. 465is mark- ed by the peculiar melancholy and tenderness of his mind, 466. Cowpox, known to the Peruvians, xiv. 429. / Coxe, Daniel, his description of Carolina and the Mississippi, ii. 1. cited respecting the British claim to Louisiana, xiii. 77. Coxe, Tench, his Statement of the Arts and Manufactures of tfle United States, reviewed, v. 234his tables of the manufactured produce of the country, 239his account of the production of sugar in Louisiana, 240his remarks upon the prospects of the Eastern States, 242character of his work, 245. Coxe, Dr, his modification of the theory of acidification, ix. 132. Ooze, William, his Russian Discoveries, cited, xv. 382. Crablie, on the poetry of, viii. 315his power over the passions, 317. Cracow, free city of, vii. 62. Crafts, William, his Address before the Palmetto Society, noticed, xxi. 464quoted, ib. his conduct as a statesman described, xxiv, 473 his talents as a writer, 474. Cranck, William, his Memoir of the Life, Character, and Writ- ings of John Adams, noticed, xxv. 230. Crane, The, a principal chief of the Wyandots, xxiv. 422oppos- ed to taking part in the war of 1812, ib.his proposal to Gen- eral Harrison, 425sends a deputation to the Wyandots who have joined the British, ib. Crawford, Colonel, his reported conversation with Wingenund, xxii. 72. Credit, system of, its effects upon trade, ix. 228. Credulity, remarkable instance of, i. 161. Cremona, Hebrew typography in this city, x. 11. Crime, causes of, ix. 233duty of the innoc4nt with regard to, 289mode in which human laws restrain and prevent, 290 influence of fear of punishment upon us compared with a course of discipline, ib.connexion of, with poverty, 292 et seq. causes of among the youth in London, 295-suppression of, among the young, an important measure, 297effects of drink- ing on the production of, 300of gaming, 301of the love of dress, 302the proper management of the different classes 100 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. of poor as a means of preventing, 305 et seq.education of the children of the poor as a means of preventing, 311 indiscrim- inate admission of strangers a means of increasing, 315. Criminal law of England, its origin, xvii. 249proposed devia- tions from, 250. Cromwell, Oliver, original letter of, i. 182. his behavior towards Sydney, xiv. 64. on the point of emigrating to America, xv. 28. Cronstedt, his arrangement of mineralogy based on chemistry, v. 75. Cross, his History of the Variolous Epidemic in Norwich, review- ed, xiii. 286 et seq.his observations on the efficacy of vacci- nation, 301 et seq.his assiduity commended, 302his re- marks on the baneful consequences of variolous inoculation, 305. Cross, Trueman, his edition of the Military Laws of the United States, xxiii. 24~contains a complete code of the army legis- lation, 245. Cro~onians, a Grecian medical sect, viii. 240. Crozat, Anthony, grant of lands to, xiii. 77. Cruise, Captain, his account of New Zealand, xviii. 329de- scribes an interview between the natives and their relations who had been long absent, 331character of his journal, 332 quoted, 335his anecdote of the fidelity of a native girl, 348 cited, 347, note. Crystallography, Professor Cleavelands account of, v. 414no- tions of Werner upon, 415of Haiiy, 417. Cubi y Soler, Mariano, his Grammar of the Spanish Language, xix. 267. his Spanish Grammar, commended, xx. 450 his other works, 451. his New and Practical System for translat- ing the Spanish Language, recommended, xxii. 451. Cuccaro, a castle in Montferrat, its claim to be birth-place of Co- lumbus, xxi. 401origin of the claim, 402disproved, 403 et seq. Cudwortk, his remarks on the founder of the atomic system, xviii. 269. Culprit, origin of the word, ii1. 169. Cumberland, his remarks on Aristophanes, xiv. 278. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 101 Cumberland, criticized, xv. 60,193. Cunningham, J. W., his Sancho or the Proverbialist, reviewed, v. 239his general character as a writer, 241notices of his pre- ceding works, 242faults of the present, 243. Cunningham, Allan, his Songs of Scotland, reviewed, xxiii. 124 laments the changes in the state of Scottish society, 135and the decay of superstition, 136his opinions controverted, ib. account and character of his work, 137specimens of his poe- try, 138 et seq. Curiosity, a cause of the pleasure arising from scenes of distress, ii. 63. Curran, Recollections of him, by Phillips, x. 62his influence on American taste, ib.character of his eloquence, 6~ et seq.his printed speeches not collected by himself, 69his mode of preparation for a trial, ib.comparison of Curran and Lord Erskine, 78as a lawyer Curran was not distinguished, 82. xiii. 5. Currency of the United States, ii. 362. paper, its true nature and objects, xxiv. 182 e~ seq.fa- cilities given by it for the accumulation of wealth, 183. Curson, Mr, his ascent of the Peak of Mistd, xix. 266. Cushing, Caleb, his Translation of Pothier, reviewed, xiii. 1. his Examination of the Claims of the United States on Denmark, noticed, xxii. 456. Cutler, Dr, his botanical writings, 106. Cuttyhunk, one of the Elizabeth Islands, ii. 122. Cuvier, makes the subject of organic remains a distinct science, viii. 406nature and results of his labors in that particular, ib. et seq.merits of his Theory of the Earth, 410. cited, xii. 135, 148. his memoir on the Axolotl of the lake of Mexico, xvi. 21 has recognised two new species of Mastodons and one true elephant, among M. de Humboldts fossil collections, ib. his classification~ of animals, xix. 400his work on the An- imal Kingdom, quoted, 404, 410. xxii. 123success of his investigations in natural history, 132-likely to mislead ordinary men, 133. Cydonies, Greek academy there, x. 134. 102 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. D DAguesseau, the Chancellor, patronizes Pothier, xiii. 4..account of, ib.his plaidoyers models of eloquence, 5. Dakomy, its ancient bards, xviii. 79. Dakkaba, king of Bambarana, his curious letter to the king of England, xviii. 78. DaTherg, Baron, patronizes Schiller, xvi. 405his family, ib. Dale, Sir T., colonizes Virginia, xv. 45. DAlembert, his opinion of the theatre, x. 295. anecdotes of, xv. 321, 323, 326, 327. ~ his terrible question, xviii. 328. explains the physical cause of the apparent motion of the fixed stars, xx. 315of the precession of the equinoxes, 356 his character and works, 362 et seq. Daihousie, Lord, awkward and coarse letter of, i. 72. Dallas, R. C., his character and works, xxi. 300his acquaint- ance with Lord Byron, ib.quoted, 316attempts to convert Lord Byron, 326. Dairymple, Sir John, his opinion of the future prospects of Amer- ica, i, 164. Daizel, his opinion of Aristophanes, xiv. 275his Lectures, ib. 276. his Collectanea Gra~ca Majora, Professor Popkins edition of, xxiv. 142. Dana, J. F. and S. L., their Mineralogy of Boston and its Vvicin- ity, noticed, vi. 142. their Geology of Boston and its Vicinity, viii. 412. Dana, J. F., his Epitome of Chemical Philosophy, noticed, xxii. 455. Dane, Nathan, remacks on his Digest of American law, xix. 434, 477. ________ his MS. reports, xxii, 181. his General Abridgment andDigest of American Law, reviewed, xxiii. 1his reasons in favor of such a work, quoted, 13, 15his plan and objects, 17remarks on the introduction of the local law of the states, 17 et seq.his discussions of abstract questions and points of law, 25examples of, 25 et seq..his synopsis of pleadings, 26his construction of the third article xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 103 in the Massachusetts bill of rights, 29his judgment and skill in abridging cases, 31examples of, 32 et seq.his summaries of general principles, 36statement of the law of bankruptcy, ib.character of his style, 38excellence of his Index, 39 his character and public services, 40. Dante, Careys Translation of the Vision of, viii. 322his poems admired by his countrymen and neglected by foreigners, 323 causes of this, ib. et seq.want of a popular translator of, 324 of the measure best adapted to, 325comparison of Boyds and Careys translations, ib.his early history, and origin of his great poem, 326-analysis of the Divine Comedy, 327Hell, ib. Purgatory, 329Paradise, 331his defects, 332circum- stances which enhance his merits, 333has been a rich source of imitation, 334his originality, sublimity, and tender- ness, ib.his knowledge of the human heart, 339his union of sublimity, pathos, and wit, 340purit~f his language and style, 341comparison of:, with other poets, 342particularly with Milton, ib.his superiority to Milton in his description of hell, 344in that of heaven, 345is excelled in terrestrial descrip- tions by Milton, 346. manuscript of, x. 11. his love of the ancient tales of chivalry, xix. 341allusions to them in his Commedia, ib. xxii. 322. Danzian school of Hebrew criticism, x. 13. Da Ponte, his Observations on an Article in the North American Review, reviewed, xxi. 189his complaints of the reviewer, 190 his objection to the view of the influence of Italy on English letters, 191to the treatment of Tasso, 195his panegyric of that poet, 195 et seq.his defence of Petrarch, 198further complaints against the reviewer, 204, 207, 208, 2lOstrictures on the treatment of Metastasio, 211his panegyric intemperate, 213his complaints unfounded, 215. Darby, William, his Emigrants Guide to the Western and South- western Territories, reviewed, vii. 268. cited, xii. 147. his Memoir on Florida, reviewed, xiii. 62, 98 et seq.inaccuracies of, 98 et seq. Dartmouth College case, Report of, x. 83. 104 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Dauphin Island, Congress decides against it as a post for defence, xxiii. 262. David, the French painter, xii. 181. Davidojf, commits depredations in the Japanese Islands, x. 38. Davis, Captain, a pirate, plunders St Augustine, xiii. 93. Davis, Judge, his Anniversary Address before the Linnaian So- ciety of New England, i. 314. _______ his edition of Mortons New Englands Memorial, xxv. 209his account of the death of Alexander, predecessor of Philip, 212his criticism on Cotton Mather, 213. Davis, Daniel, his treatise on Justices, reviewed, xix. 390. ______ his edition of Russell on Crimes and Misdemean- ors, noticed, xx. 224. Dawes, Mr, his lines entitled The Spirit of Beauty, quoted, xxii. 441. Dawson, Moses, his Mer~irs of General Harrison, xxi. 248. Davy, Edmond, on fulminating platinum, v. 297. Davy, Sir Humphrey, his lectures at the Royal Institution, ii. 348his manner as a lecturer, 349. his lectures at the Royal Institution, v. 411. ___________________ his discovery of the composition of the alka- lies, ix. 121his theory of the immateriality of heat, 124of the nature of electricity, 126. Day, his Mathematics, notice of, vi. 278. Days of the week, origin of their names, xii. 162. Dead bodies, preserved, xii. 282. Deaf and dumb, education of, v. 435. papers relating to the state of, vii. 127 et seq. Dean, James, on the apparent motion of the earth from the moon, i. 373. Dean, Silas, his mission to France in 1776, xxiv. 95. Dearborn, Henry, General, his Account of Bunker Hill battle, re- viewed, vii. 225his account of the conduct of General Stark, 228of the conduct of the New England miPtia, ib.his charge against General Putnam, 229his competency as a wit- ness in this case, 234evidence adduced by him in support of his charge, 235evidence adduced in opposition to, 238an Ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX~ 105 important part of his charge invalidated, 244, et seq.state- ment of the Reverend Messrs Chaplin and Bullard in support of, 248his neglect to do justice to Colonel Prescott, 256and to General Ward, 257. Dearborn, Henry A. S. his Memoir on the Trade of the Black Sea, reviewed, x. 168merits of the work, 182. Debates in legislative assemblies, importance of the record and preservation of, xxv. 427effect of the practice of reporting upon the character of, 427 et seq.circumstances which cur- tail them in the House of Commons, 433prolixity of, not pe- culiar to Congress, 441. Debt, national, how it may be of utility, ii. 277. Debtors, laws and customs of various nations with regard to, vii. 25necessity of peculiar provisions with respect to those engaged in trade, 27. Debtor and creditor, the law respecting them in the United States, xi. 197 et seq.incorrect statement of Mr Bristed on this sub- ject, ~00progress of the law of debtor and creditor in Ameri- ca, 201practice in England, 203difficulty of this subject of legislation, 204. Decarneron, The, of Boccaccio, its origin and foundation, xix. 78 et seq.its literary history and merits, 83Ginguen6s de- scription of the, 84the prototype of some of Chaucers finest Canterbury Tales, ib.immoral and indelicate in several of its parts, 85shows the low standard of the state of society at the time it was written, ib. Decazes, administration of, in France xix. 60. Declaration of Independence, proceedings in Congress prior to, xxii. 385circumstances attending it, as related by John Adams, 386the original draft compared with the form adopt- ed, 388. Decrees, Berlin and Milan, & c. xxiii. 387 et seq.an infraction of the convention of France with the United States, 396their retrospective operation, 397frivolous pretexts by which they were made applicable to cases, 398. Deffand, Madame du, anecdote of, i. 53account of the life and death of, 54. 14 106 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs Dejfand, Madame du, extract from her letter to H. Walpole, relat- ing to Lafayette, xx. 150, note. De Gerando, M., his History of Philosophy, reviewed, xviii. 234 first metaphysician in France, 235character of his work, and tone of his opinions, ib.his acquaintance with the authors of antiquity, and devotedness to the cause of philosophy, 236 moral tendency of his writings, ib.his History of Philosophy relates chiefly to the sources and certainty of knowledge, 237 his remarks on these topics, ib.plan of his work, S238distin- guishes five successive periods in the progress of intellectual and moral science, 239these enumerated, ib.his description of Anaxagoras, 242account of the ancient sophists, 244his parallel between Plato and Aristotle, 246character of Plato drawn in a more direct form, 247portrait of Aristotle, 249 the author attempts to confute Platos theory of ideas, 251al- lows too little to Cicero, 25-1embodies the opinions of the Alexandrian Platonists, 255his attachment to the Christian Fathers, and encomiums on the spirit of Christianity, 256his chapter on the philosophy of the Arabians, 253notice of Tho- phail of Seville, ib.remarks on the life and history of Abe- lard, 261his account of Raymond Lully, published in the transactions of the Institute, 265. I)egree of the meridian, measurement of, at several times, xx. 355. Deists, character of, in the seventeenth and first half of the eigh- teenth century, vii. 366metaphysical objections of, in the lat- ter part of the 18th century, 367. Dekay, James E. his Address before the Lyceum of Natural His- tory, xxiii. 204presents a brief outline of the natural sciences in the United States, ib.his account of the progress in Miner- alogy, 205Geology, ib.Botany, ib.Zoology, 206of the~ principal libraries in the United States, ib.his Address com- mended, 210. Delambre, his Tables Ecliptiques, & c. xx. 309tables of the mo- tions of Jupiter and Saturn, 342tables of the eclipses of Jupi- ters satellites, 346 et seq.his work on Astronomy, 359his- tories of Astronomy, 361. Delano, Captain, his Voyages and Travels, reviewed, v. 244ob- jects and contents of this work, 246his departure from Amer~ I Xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 107 ica, 247undertakes a voyage with Commodore MClure, 248 his good-natured account of an imposition upon him, ib.his account of the mutineers of the Bounty, 250of his feelings when in danger of drowning, 255estimate of the value of his book, 256. Delaval, Sir Francis, anecdotes of, xi. 350 et seq.unites with Foote in necromantic exhibition, & c. 353. De la Viga, his narrative of the expedition of Ferdinand de Soto, not trustworthy, xxii. 108, note. Delaware Indians, ix. 156. See Lenni Lenape. their language and history, xxii. 68. maintained peace with the United States in 1812, xxiv. 417. Delaware language, no prepositions in, xxii. 79. De Lille, his remark on translations, xiv. 91. Della-Cruscan Academy, xix. 373. Deluge, the general, Dr Burnets account of, xviii. 273caused, according to Whiston, by the earths running into a comets tail, 274new account of; 277. Demaillet, his curious account of the origin of mankind and of animals, xviii. 275. Demetrius, the Hero of the Don, an epic poem, by Alexis Eusta- phieve, reviewed, vii. 258quotations from, 263analysis of the story of, 266. Democracy, government of the United States not a simple, iii. 19. in the United States, History of, xxiii. 304its essen- tial hostility to European institutions, asserted, 305influence of its principles deprecated by European governments, 309 proposed counterpoise, 310failure of attempts against, ib. Democratic party in 1810, a foreigners account of its principles and purposes, ii. SO. Democritus, his system of monads, or atoms, xviii. 241improved on the notion of Leucippus, 268. De Monts, settles Acadia, xv. 47, 226. made lieutenant general of Acadia, xix. 140examin- ed the bay of Fundy, 141. Demostlienes, cited, xii. 180. ~ character of his eloquence, xv. 10$ NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Demosthenes, character of, drawn by Heeren, xviii. 403. character of his eloquence, xxii. 35less known, and less easily understood than Cicero, ib.argumentative, forgets himself in his subject, 36not to be appreciated by extracts, nor from a translation, 38character of Leland~s, 39extract from the second Olynthiac, ib.remarks upon it, 40extract from the third Philippic, 41two defects in his oratory, 42 the oration on the Crown, his masterpiece, 43three passages quoted, 44 et seq.his works should he particularly studied in this country, 48prolixity of American speakers in Congress compared with the British parliament, ib .taste for ornament, ib.husinesslike style of Demosthenes wanted, 49students in our seminaries should be taught to debate extempore, 50. Denmark, territorial charges of; vii. 50how settled at the peace of 1815, 59. claims of the United States on, xxii. 456. See Claims. Dennie, his style, xiv. 332. Denon, his remarks on the ruins of Denderah, xvii. 235makes a drawing of the zodiac at Denderah, 236. Deny, his historical and geographical description of North Amer- ica, noticed, iii. 9. Depons, quoted, xix. 168, 178. De Prades, Abb6, his dispute with the doctors of the Sorbonne, xv. 321. Depravity, human, Dr Dwights language concerning, vii. 359. Desaix, General, first notices one of the zodiacs at Denderah, xviL 236. Desault, the anatomist, xv. 137 et seq. Descartes, xii. iSSapplies algebra to geometry, 172. adopted in some degree the absurd atomic theory of the ancients, xviii. 241his mode of making the world, 266. Detroit, history of, xv. 232. the central point of Indian negotiation during the war of the revolution, 377. Deuteronomy, whether it differs in style from the preceding books, xxii. 293more diffuse, 294. Devin du Village, St Pierres opinion of, xv. 4authors opinion of, ib.effect of its representation, 13. x xxv.] GENER4L INDEX. 109 Devonshire, in England, its elections, xiii. 357. Dewey, Loring D., his expulsion from a theological seminary, iii. 143noticed, 212. De I Vitt, his administration of the affairs of Holland, vi. 186 the leader of the Arminian party, ib.causes of his downfall and ultimate fate, 187 et seq. Dexter Lectures at Harvard University, v. 140. Dexter, Samuel, Exhibition poem of; lii. 339. Dey of Algiers forces an American frigate to take his presents to Constantinople, x. 169. Dey, original meaning of the word, xxii. 415. Dialogues, as a method of imparting instruction, xxiii. 109. Dials, proposed establishment of, i. 334. Diamond necklace, curious account of the one, which the jeweller Boehmer endeavored to impose on the queen of France, xviii. 13singular part acted by the Cardinal de Rohan in the affair, and his interview with the king, 14. of great size, xiv, 372. Dibdin, T. F., his account of a bibliographical work, ii. 46. Dickenson, John, his Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, & c. xiii. 181, 184. author of the Farmers Letters, xxii. 189. Diderot, anecdote of, xii. 257. Digest, Metcalfs, of Cases decided in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, xx. 458. Digest of the Law of Maritime Captures and Prizes, by Henry Wheaton, ii. 218. Dig/don rock in Massachusetts, the inscription on it has been fan- cied to be Phenician, x. 227. Dignity of Woman, poem translated from Schiller, xvii. 285. Diodati, on the language of our Savior, refuted by de Rossi, x. 5. Dionysius, of Utica, translates the work of Mago from Punic into Greek, x. 227. Diophanes of Bithynia reduces the translation of Mago to a com- pend, x. 227. Diplomacy, The, of the United States, xxiv. 92the first publica- tion of its kind, 93author of; his remarks on the state of the colonies before the revolution, 94committee appointed in 110 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. 1775 to correspond with Europe, 95letter from French minis- ter to the king, quoted, ib.account of the secret aid given by France in the early part of the revolution, 96commercial treaty proposed to France, 97reception of envoys, ibtreaty declined, 98advantageous proposals to France and Spain, 99 at first rejected, but after Burgoynes surrender accepted by France, 100and by Spain, 101ministers appointed to Eu- rope, ib.account of the negotiation with Spain, 102media- tion of Russia and Germany for a general peace, l03authors view of the negotiations, quoted, 104difficulties attending them, 105advantages secured by the treaty, lO7owing to the firmness and abilities of ministers, lOSnew negotiations with Europe, 108authors description of the powers and views of Bonaparte, 109. Disunion, political, on the abuses of, iv. 193. Dismal Swamp canal, xii. 30. Dissenters in Maryland, controversy of, with Lord Baltimores gov- ernor, i. 155. Distress, scenes of, the pleasure derived from, ii. 59instances of, 60distress itself not the source of the pleasure, 61causes which do give rise to it, ib. et seq. Divan, in the Algerine government, has only a nominal existence, xxii. 415. Division of labor, the doctrine of, examined, xvii. 428. Djezzar, pasha of Acre, xi. 289. Dobbs, Arthur, his Account of the Countries adjoining Hudsons Bay, ii. 9. Dobree, x. 262. Dockerty, Michael, story of, xv. 459. Doddridge, Dr, says that two hundred sermons are enough to be written by an individual, x. 213. Dogmatic school of medicine, origin of, viii. 243opposed by the Empirics, 247. Dogs, used as beasts of draught on the snow at the Sault de Sainte Marie, xxv. 337. Domestic industry, expediency of protecting by governmental influence, considered, xxv. 414. Donnai, a navigable river in Cochin China, xviii. 144view of its waters and banks, 150. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 111 Don Quixote, quoted, on the Araucana of Ercilla, xviii. 295. Dorpat observatory, its high latitude, xx. 313, note. Downing college, Cambridge, in England, the case of, x. 98. Drake, Daniel, his Picture of Cincinati, iii. 219his description of the river Ohio, 220and of North America, 221of the South-west wind, humidity and Indian summer of Ohio, 223 of the antiquities of Ohio, 226his observations on the ancient works, 227. on the geology of the valley of the Ohio, xxii. 5. Drake, Sir Francis, his landing in Florida, xiii. 92. Drake, Nathan, his Age of Shakspeare, vi. 420. on the British essayists, xiv. 322. Drama, Italian, its origin, v. 182its progress in tragedy, 183 in comedy, ib.origir~ of a ne~v kind of dramatic poetry, 185 the musical drama, ib. Drama, not to be confined to the passion of love, xiii. 227, 242 et seq.different modes of dramatizing history, .230of writing prose and poetry in, 242. xvi. 124considered a lost art in England, 284Miss Baillie approaches nearest the old drama, ib. Drawbacks, pernicious effect of their abolition, x. 326. Dream of Scipio, preserved by Macrobius, alluded to, xvii. 35. Dresden, account of the bombardment o17, ii, 207destruction of the library og 208. Dress, effects of the love of, on the progress of crime, ix. 302. Drinking, bad effects of in the production of crime, ix. 301. Drogoman, import of that term, xi. 281. Drummonds Island, continuance of the British garrison at, xxv. 335. Drummond of Hawthornden, the most eminent poet of the reign of James I, xxiii. 132. Dryden, his character, as a poet and moralist, vi. 233. his imitation of Boccaccio and Chaucer, xix. 77, 84. Dubois, J. A., Abbe, his description of the character, manners, and customs of the people of India, ix. 36his opportunities for the preparation of the work, ib.character of his work not equal tc~ expectation. Ducis, the French poet, iii. 12L 112 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Ducis, successor of Voltaire in the French Academy, xii. 59. histranslations from Shakspeare, described, xvi. 141. Dudley,~Paul, his account of the Falls of Niagara, xv. Duelling, remarks on, by a citizen of Virginia, controverted, xvi. 57. Dummer, his letter on the Canada expedition, iii. 150. Dumoulin,~his edition of the Costume of Paris, xii. 6cited 9. Dunlap, William, his Life and Writings of Charles Brockden Brown, reviewed, ix. 58. Dunlop, Mr, his Memoir on the controversy respecting the boun- daries of Pennsylvania and Maryland, xxiii. ~2S6. Dunn, John, his letter concerning J. D. Hunter, xxii. 106. Duns Scotus, the subtle Doctor, xviii. 263. Dupin, on the establishment of a Marine Academy, v. 298. Da Ponceau, his Memoir on English Phonology, quoted, ix. 94his account of the manner in which sounds alter while their representatives remain unchanged, 95his report on the languages of the American Indians, l79important and singu- lar results of his labors, 181. his Discourse on the Early History of Pennsylvania, reviewed, xiv. 386 et seq.extract from, respecting Penn, 386 et seq.extract on the early history of Pennsylvania, 390. his Discourse before the American Philosophical So- ciety, xviii. 157, 177. his Essay on the Languages of the Indians, xix. 465. his translation of the Code Penal of Napoleon, xx. 411of the Code de Commerce, 412. his Dissertation on the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the United States, xxi. 104his Discourse at the opening of the Law Academy, ib.quoted, 113his remark on the adminis- tration of English law, 116on the admiralty, 124his doc- trine of the common law of the United States, 13 [made up of the common law of England and of the colonies, 134 et seq. his arrangement of the Library of the American Phi- losophical Society, xxii. 2dissertation on the language of the Berbers of Africa, 11, 430. his work on the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the United States, cited, xxiii. 200some opinions of his On the common luw, ib. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 113 Du Ponceau, his remarks on some Asiatic languages, xxv. 29. Dupuis refers the age of the Zodiacs at Denderab, to thirteen hundred, instead of thirteen thousand years A. C., xvii. 237. Dutch, peculiar character of the, vi. 181. their original settlements within the limits of the patent of James I, to the Plymouth company, viii. 81their knowledge of and trade to the river Connecticut, shown, 82the first settlement there made by them, 83conflicting claims of, with the English, 84proposed war against, by the New England colonies, 95 supposed plan og for the destruction of the New England colo- nies, 96close of the controversy with, 105. two of their ships annually admitted in Japan, x. 34. they introduce the double principle, free ships, free goods, and hostile ships, hostile goods, xvii. 118~ Dutch, High, no such language, x. 122. Dutens, collector of Phcenician coins, x. 227. Duties, distribution of, by Dr Brown, xxi. .30duties to God, 31 consideration of the proofs of his existence and attributes, 31 et seq.duties to ourselves, 32immortality of the soul, 32 et seq. Duty on books, its amount and injurious effects, xviii. 163much more burdensome in this country, than under the European governments, ib.two arguments by which it is supported, 164 false grounds on which these are built, ib.mischievous ten- dency of this branch of the revenue on the interests of litera- ture and the progress of knowlege, 165it falls on those, who are least able to bear it, and whom the public good requires should be supplied with books in as great abundance as possi- ble, ib.no duty ought to be imposed; or, at least, a specific should be substituted for an ad valorem duty, 166Mr Jeffer- sons memorial, ib,character of a bill proposed to Congress on the subject, 167. Duty on the exportation of gold and silver in Mexico, discussed by a committee of Congress, xxi. 430former views on this sub- ject, ib.objects of such a duty two, 435both shown to be fallacious, ib. et seq.other objections to the duty, 440. Dwarf, The Black. See Black Dwarf. Dwight, Timothy, President, Poems of, vii. 202life and writ- 15 114 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. ings of, reviewed, 347.his early life, 348his success as an instructer, 349as a chaplain in the revolutionary army, ib. as a politician, ib.his settlement as a clergyman, 350his choice as President of Yale college, ib.his death, ib.his po- etical works, criticized, 351his character as a minister and preacher of the gospel, 353and as President, of the college, 354partial and injudicious statements of his biographer, 356 his style and merit as a sermon writer, 359quotation from his sermon on Total Depravity, ib.from that on the Divine Decrees, 360his style sometimes verbose, 363. E Eagle, method of killing, by the Indians, xxii. 118, note-its feathers, in what esteem among the Indians, ib. bald, of America, Wilsons description of, xxiv. 120. Earth, apparent motion of, when seen from the moon, i. 373. investigations into the structure of, viii. 396facts in the history of, 398Huttons theory of 400. the interior of, never explored, and why, xiii. 134 et seq.. superiority of the interior, 137 et seq. theories of, examined, xviii. 266 et seq.theories of the an- cient philosophers, 267 et seq.Atomic theory of Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus, 269 et seq.Burnets theory, 272 Whistons, 224whimsical notions of Leibnitz, Buffon, Kepler, and Demaillet, 275. its figure conjectured by Newton, xx. 350demonstrations by Maclaurin, & c. 350 et seq...its greater density towards the centre, 351theories and calculations relating to its oblateness, 352, et seq.consequence of a supposed decrease in its temper- ature, 354. Earth, new, discovery of, vii. 145. Earthquake in New Hampshire, i. 382on the river Mississippi, ib. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 115 Earthquakes in Chile, xviii. 297, 308. East, specimen of the modern regal style of the, v. 187. Eastburn, James Wallis, his Yamoyden, reviewed, xii. 466ac- count of, ib. Easter, great festival of the Greek church, x. 440. Eastern States, Letters on, reviewed, xi. 68 et seqcharacter of the work, 70Episcopalian worship, 78excellent spirit in which the work is written, 102. East indies, unfounded prejudice in America against the trade thither, x. 332. Eastport, town of, on Moose Island, taken and claimed by the British, vi. 395 et seq. Eaton, Amos, his Geology of the Northern States, vi. 416. his Index to the Geology of the Northern States, reviewed, xi. 226 et seq.his lectures on geology, 230. account of his Manual of Botany, xiii. 118. his Survey of Rensselaer County, xiv. 379 et seq. Ebeling, notice of the death of:, vi. 143. his library presented to Harvard College, vii. 288. his library, Mr Thorndikes donation of, to Harvard Uni- versity, viii. 208account of the library, 210. his library, xii. 325. his Geography of America, xiii. 57. Eccentricity, a poem by Mr Allston, extracts from, v. 382 et seq. Ecclesiastical Establishments, of France, xv. 432of Spain, 436 of Portugal, 438of Hungary, 440of the United States of America, 442of Italy, 445of Austria and Switzerland, 446 of Prussia and the Netherlands, 447of Denmark, Norway, Russia, and Turkey, 448of England and Wales, 449 et seq. of Ireland, 449of Scotland, 450project for diminishing the expense of, 451whether a reform of, is practicable, 453. Eclipses of the sun, i. 375. Ecliptic, its decreasing obliquity, xx. 340. Economy, wrong views of, xii. 17. Economy, Political, new science of, xxi. 432its effects on com- merce, industry, and national prosperity, ib. ________ Cardozos Notes on, xxiv. 169. Ecouen, female school at, established by Bonaparte, and put under the superintendence of Madame Campan, xviii. 3. 116 NORTh AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Edgeworth, Maria, general characteristics of the writings of, vi. 153how she differs from other novel-writers, 154is a phy- sician to the novel-sick mind, 156her singular dignity and propriety, 157has a higher merit than that of genius, 157the scope and object of her writings, 157 et seq.inculcation of moral lessons her chief object, 159probability of her reception with posterity, 160object had in view in her tale of Harring- ton, ib.sketch of her Harrington, with remarks and quotations, ~161 et seq.of her Ormond, 169 et seq.her elevated charac- ter as a writer, 235. her merits as a writer, xiv. 112. -~ a new edition of her works, xvii. 383progress of her reputation, 384her character as a novelist, 385cir- cumstances under which she has written, 386. her use of the common artifices of novelists, xx. 269. her influence in forming the public taste for novels, xxi. 179. .Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, and Maria, their Readings on Poetry, reviewed, vii. 69their system of education, censured, 74exe- cution of their work, ib.defects of their plan, 76quotations from and strictures, 77 et seq. his Memoirs, continued by his daugh- ter, reviewed, xi. 340 et seq.biography of his ancestry, 343 et seq. Edinburgh, character of society in, i. iSSnotice of some of the principal literary characters in, l9limitation of the English in, 338medical quarrels in, 345Shakspeare controversy in, ib. a French travellers account of, ii. 26Oits great in- crease, ib.remarkable changes which have taken place in, 26lcomparison of the society of, with that of London, 265. monitorial system of instruction in the High School of, xvii. 185. Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, v. 288. Edinburgh Review, influence of, on public opinion, i. 342sketch of the principal contributors to, ib. ~ forty-six unauthorized words in one article of, x. 364. I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 117 Edinburgh Review, its injustice to the poetry of Wordsworth, xviii. 360. style of its criticism, xxi. 311its review of Lord Byrons first work, ib. Edinburgh Reviewers, their predictions of the instability of the government of the United States, xx. 421how verified, ib. always unfortunate in their prophecies, 422. Editions, American, of law books encumbered with useless notes, xxiii. 13. Education discipline the proper object of, vi. 325. narrowness of some notions in the modern system of, vii. 69 et seq..Miss Edgeworths opinions on, 74means of, in the United States, 270plan for the farther improvement of, 274. indirect influence of, on individuals and society, ix. 2 imperfection og in the United States, ix. 138mode of im~~ proving, recommended, 189article of Wyttenbach on, 192. of the poor, its defects one cause of their profligacy, ix. 295 et seq.means of providing it for the orphans and destitute chil- dred of the poor and profligate, 311its acknowledged im- portance, 314. some improvement has been made in its theory, xi. 356. appropriation of public lands for the purposes of, xiii. 310 et seq.importance of, in a government of the people, 335 et seq., 487its effects on morals and religion, arts and scien- ces, 337attention to it in Maryland, 338 et seq.study of mathematics, 364 et seq.study of Latin and Greek, 365. remarks on the modes of, xiv. 331 et seq. 399. by free schools, xv. 30system of, in England and iii the United States, 56 et seq.Fellenbergs system of, 361. Pestalozzis system of, 365in Geneva, 366 et seq. classical, arguments against it refuted, xvi. 51 et seq. examples of distinguished men without it alluded to, 51not a study of words merely. 52 et seq. in the United States, xviii. 159liberality of public exertions and endowments in the several states, ib. in South America, means of, exceedingly limited, xix~ 193a few universities and colleges established, but under such 118 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. restrictions as to be of little use, 194 et seq.the Inquisition, by proscribing books, presented a most formidable bar to the progress of knowledge, 196. Education, advances in, during the present century, xxiii. 41of the people, Mr Broughams Observations upon, 49attention lately paid to the subject, Siscarcity of books upon, ib.im- provement in this particular, 52popular education should be intelligible, ib.common mode of teaching grammar unintelli- gible, 53and school-books for reading, 54indiscriminate reading of Scripture disapproved, ib.evils of teaching without understanding, 55popular education should be interesting, 56 proverbial dulness of schools, ib.causes of, 57proportion in different departments of education, 59popular education should be practical, 61be directed to the formation of char- acter, ib.should fit men for life, ib.education of adults, 63 associations of mechanics, & c. for improvement, ib.import- ance of the subject to America, 64influence of, on national character, 65Mrs Barbaulds remarks upon, 382. of teachers, proposed institution for, xxiv. 157neces- sity and propriety of such a project shown, 157 et seq.happy feature in the proposed institution, 165recommended to the patronage of the different states, 166policy of free govern- ments to foster education, 165patronage yielded by the state governments to free schools, ib.should be extended to the ed- ucation of teachers, 167. in Tennessee, Dr Lindsley, his Address concerning, xxiv. 219his remarks on common schools, 220on teachers, 221the effects of education, 222. of children, remarks and opinions concerning, xxv. 225. Education, American Journal of, xxiii. 214its plan and extract from the prospectus, 215. Edwards, anecdote from his History of the West Indies, xii. 7. Egypt, early state of, viii. 222how diseases were regarded in, 223state of medicine in, ib.art of embalming in, 224dis- semination of the arts of, 225. description bf the present natives of, xi. 287 et seq. Liclihorn, x. 228character given of his Introduction to the Old Testament, by Bishop Marsh, 262. 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 119 Eichhorn, his opinion of the number of documents employed by Moses, xvii. 133. Eighteen Hundred and Twenty, a poem, reviewed, xiv. 360 et seq. design and principles of, ib.the author suspected to be an American, 361extracts from, respecting Spain, 362, 364. Eldon, Lord, his remark on Lord Erskine, xx. 276. Elections, frequency of, in the United States, alleged evils of, vii. 406recommended as a remedy of the same evils in England, 407objections to making them by ballot, 403. in the United States, their influence on the government, and on society, xviii. 168. Electricity, Galvanic. See Galvanism. effect of a current of, iv. 131. Sir H. Davys theory of, ix. 126connexion of, with light, heat, and chemical affinity, 127 et seq. Elizabeth islands, effects of the ocean upon, ii. l22relic of the first settlement of, in 1602, ib. narrative of a visit to, v. 313first occupied by Bartholomew Gosnord, in 1602, 31 5description of the one oc- cupied by him, 316. discovered, xv. 35. Elizabeth, Queen, literature of the age of, v. 301. Ellesmere, Chancellor, his dispute about chancery jurisdiction, xiii. 263his conduct in the case of commendarns, 267 et seq. Elliot, Jonathan, his publication of the Debates on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution, xxv. 249. Elliott, Stephen, his Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, vi. 347. his Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, xiii. 116. Ellis, G., notice of, ii. 172. Ellis, Rev. William, visits the Sandwich Islands, and aids the missionaries, xxii. 343his conversation with a priestess, 351. Elms, American and European, remarkable fact concerning, ii. 59. Elmsley, x. 262. Eloquence, attempts of Mr Ogilvie to improve, iv. 378neglect of, in this country, 379necessity of, 380not that it should be as powerful as in ancient times, ib.of the ancients, not suited to modern times, 381ancient and modern, nature and causes of 120 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. the difference between, 382influence of modern habits upon, 383opportunity for in modern free states, 384qualification of Mr Ogelvie for teaching, 385. Eloquence, remarks on, xiv. 317 et seq. ______ defined, xv. 76parliamentary, ib.of the pulpit, 77 cultivation of, 80of Robespierre, Bonaparte, and Mirabeau, compared, 74of Burke and Isocrates, 81of Cicero and De- mosthenes, 82of Patrick Henry, ib.of Chatham, 86of Burke, Fox, and Pitt, 192. parliamentary, of little consideration in England before Lord Chatham, xxv. 428has kept pace in that country with the march of free principles, ib.amount of Burkes influence upon, ib.sudden and extraordinary growth of, owing to the practice of contemporaneous reporting, 429of the American Congress, in no high repute, 430comparison of, with that of Parliament, ib.circumstances in which they differ, ib.in the division of labor, the number of speakers, tenure of office, party discipline, & c., 430 et seq.influence of the manner of report- ing upon, 438. Elysium, furnished with newspapers, xii. 346occupations of the Elysians, ib.dialogue there between Montesquieu and Frank- lin, ib. Elzevir, his edition of the New Testament, xv. 471. Embalming, art of, in Egypt, viii. 224. heads in New Zealand, how performed, xviii. 341. Embargo, of the United States, iii. 96-opinion of the policy of, 240. laid by congress in 18,07, xiii. 390followed by the decree of Bayonne, ib.effects of the embargo and its repeal, 391substitution of a non-intercourse, ib.which is followed by the Rambouillet decree, ib. Emerigon, a writer on maritime law in the eighteenth century, vii. 342. xiii. 10. Emerson, George B., his Classical Reader, noticed, xxiv. 234 et seq. Emigration to the Western States, iii. 377disappointment of the hopes of emigrants, 378advantages offered to, by Maine, 379. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 121 Emigrants Guide to the Western and South-western States, vii. 268. Emigrants to America, miserable condition of:, iv. 130. to the West, prospects of, viii. 349their difficulties and sufferings, ib. appearance 6f, on the river Ohio, xvi. 63. difficulties and distresses of, xxiii. 312opposed by European governments, ib.tax on the property sold of emi- grants, ib.rapid progress of, in the Western country, 363. Emigration in the United States, remarks on, xiii. 328 et seq. _____ to and from New England, xv. 297, 300from Great Britain into the United States, 293 et seq.quantum of, ac- cording to official documents, 301effect of, on the increase of population in the United States, 304. from the Rhenish provinces, xvii. 92its amount from Wurtemburg and Switzerland, 93difference between the Ger- man and American emigration, 94. to America, Mr Hodgsons remarks on, xviii. 22~2mis- erable condition of the emigrants in Canada, 223. of free people of color to Hayti, correspondence rela- tive to, xx. 191not inconsistent with African colonization, 192, 201recommended, 202liberally encouraged by Presi- dent Boyer, 204 et seq.emigration of twenty-four persons from Illinois, 209. Emile, Rousseaus opinion of, xv. 4price of, 8manuscript of, burnt, 13. Eminelt, wife of Ali Pacha, xviii. 112celebrated for her beauty and accomplishments, ib.Pouquevilles improbable account of h6r death, 123. Emmet, Thomas Addis, Tones Eulogy of, xxiv. 330. Emotions, according to Dr Browii, in their nature incapable of being defined, xxi. 19their corporeal seat, 20Dr Brown neglects to notice this ib.mind not the immediate seat of them, ib.their division by Dr Brown into immediate, retro- spective, and prospective, ib.their subdivisions, 21their re- lation to our desires, fears, and passions, 22their final causes, ib. 16 122 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Empedocles, an enthusiast, xviii .242. Empiric school of medicine, origin and principles of, viii. 247. Enchanted Throne, a tale, translated from the Persian by Baron Lescallier, xii. 365not interesting intrinsically, 366history of; and extracts from, 368. Enche, professor, his discovery of the true orbit of Eackes comet, xiv. 29 et seq. his comet, xx. 339. Encyclopcedia Metropolitana, notice of, vi. 419. Engineering, a branch of study at West Point, xxiii. 268. Engineers, civil, profession of; scarcely known in America, viii. 13 studies necessary to the qualification of, 15society of, in Great Britain, 21. Engines, Steam, memoranda concerning, i. 26. England, curious tax return in, i. 24domestic novels of; 30 state of the press in, 61account of the newspapers, 62, note predominant disposition to boasting in, 63ridiculous exhibi- tion of the national vanity of, 64coarseness of manners in, cases of; 71 et seq.monstrous case of corruption at the elec- tions of; 76fracas between members of Parliament in, 78 connexion of church and state in, 80state of married life in, 82importance of a close and intimate connexion with the United States, 87corn laws of; 130account of the war of, with America, 131state and progress of refinement of manners in, 184corn laws of; 214estimation of classical learning in, 341, literary enterprise of; ii. 40abuse of America in the periodical publications of; 43state of mendicity in, 173 travels in, 242gentlemen of; 246fashionable life in, 249. manners of the higher classes in, 251hospitals of, 253thea- tre of; 255society of; out of London, 256general culti~ation of the mind in all parts of; 257state of political feeling in, 258appearance of wealth universal in, 259of the state of the poor of; 260the appearance of the judges of; 270ad- vantages of the sectaries of; 271state of different sects in, 347clergymen of the established church of; 348concerts among the fashionable people of; 349manners of the country people of; 351opinions with regard to America in, 352ac- xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 123 count of prisons in, 354of the governmnt of, 357compari- son of with France, 358 et seq.monarchy of, 387. England, income of the principal landed estates in, iii. 137mis- management in the last war with the United States, 237troops of, take possession of Pensacola, 241defeated at Fort Bowyer, ib.driven from Pensacola, ibdisembarkation near New Or- leans and defeat in a night action, 249signal defeat on the eighth of January, 251termination of their expedition, 258 colonial policy of, 351. nature of its constitution,iv. 107difficulties in the representation of, ib.expenditures of, as stated in the Extra- ordinary Red Book, 109sinecures of, 110allowances to the foreign ministers of, ibpolicy of towards the superstition of the Hindoos, 304. Madame de Sta~ls panegyric on, viii. 55. freedom of opinion in, on all subjects, ix. 324abuse of America in, 325. causes of the unfriendly feeling in America toward her, x. 335English travellers dissatisfied with all countries, 337 source of the attacks on America in the English journals, 339 hostile feeling toward America, 340ignorance on the subject of American national and state politics in England, 345politi- cal and mercantile jealousy of America, 351hostility of the Reviews, 362England not the first nor second government that abolished slavery, 369. feelings with which she should regard America, xii. 6eulogized by Bailly, 159attention to ancient art, 191law of succession, 211not so much courtesy to strang- ers in, as on the continent, 216mode of receiving bills in the House of Lords from the Commons, 300harmony between the branches of government, 348remarks on the constitution of, 347 et seq. Essiiy on the Complaints in America against the British Press, reviewed, xiii. 20effects of a voyage to, on American prejudices, 33 et seq.not on the decline, though there are considerable evils in the state of the country, 4limportant that she should have her present preponderance, ib.state of, in regard to slavery, 43 et seq.law of slavery in, 43Som- 124 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs ersets case, 44English society, 159Cottu on the English law, 343 et seq.courtesy of the bar towards Cottu, ib.Cot- tus remarks on the manners and local attachments of the Eng- lish, 346importance attached to grand juries, 347contrast between an English and French criminal prosecution, 348 et seqremarks on the English character, 350description of a court-room at the assizes, 351remarks on elections, 352 et seq.Cottus panegyric on, 357constitution of, not under- stood, 358remarks on the government of, 359 et seq.ez ojjicio information, 361much room for improvement in her institutions, ib.her penal code, 427 et seq. ~.punishment of forgery, 431effects of a community of language with the United States, 479 et seq, England, remarks on the revolution in, in the seventeenth centu- ry, xiv. 59her system of weights and measures, 194 et seq. comparison of this system with the French, 211 et seq.canals of, 231progress of the English language, 323 et seq.Royal Institution, 369her improvements in machinery, 401 et seq. her manufactures, 414her claims to superiority in mechan- ical invention, 417 et seq. her former colonies, xv. 40a Foreigners Opinion of, reviewed, 51 et seq.constitution of, 192on the causes of her distress, 196on her rules of war, 203on her church estab- lishments, 450. state of relgion in, xix. 115 et seq. her great accession of power from machinery, xxi. 152 state and prospect of her system of government, 152 et seq. her canals, xxiv. 2advantages derived from them, ib. contest with France for the superiority on the continent of North America, 365did not acquire an equal influence with France over the Indians, 367is responsible for the measures relating to them till the revolution, 368actual relation to them and policy towards them, 369employment of tFiem as allies, 375and acknowledged want of power to restrain their excess- es, 376gives commissions to Canadians as officers of savages, 377various instances of the encouragement given to Indian warfare and barbarity by, 377 et seq.means used to engage them in the war of 1812, 384number subsidized and support- ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 125 ed, 385appropriation of Australasia by British troops, 392 instance of their hostilities towards the natives, ib.evidence of their intention to take possession of the continent, ib.sale of public lands in America, 397treaty for the purchase of lands from Indians in Canada, 399apathy of the government with regard to the condition of the Indians, 409 et seq.no re- straints upon the purchase of ardent spirits, 409pretended hu- manity of the English in restraining Indians, 429head-money offered to the Indians for American prisoners, 432citizens of Michigan forbidden to ransom their countrymen, 433. England, prejudices against other nations existing in, xxv. 5her policy in regard to Greece and Turkey, 47points in which she is opposed to Russia, 48represents one of the classes of the powers of the civilized world, 172view of the political state of, 175probable progress of liberal principles in, 176 superiority of the works of fiction of, 185state of parties in, affords no hope to the friends of parliamentary reform, 400 House of Commons no representative of the people og 401par- ties with regard to the constitution of, 402revolution of senti- ment in, on the breaking out of the French Revolution, 403 parliamentary eloquence of, of no consideration before Lord Chatham, 428causes of its previous inferiority and subsequent improvement, ib. England, Bishop, his Discourse before the Hibernian Society of Savannah, xix. 470its objects and character, 471traces the origin of the Irish to Pho?nicia, ib.his life and apostleship of St Patrick, ib.complains of the oppressive government in Ire-~ land, 472. English Episcopal Church in the United States, xviii. 173. English language, comparative purity of, in America and England, x. 362worse spoken in the latter country by the uneducated classes, 363causes of its purity in America, ib.various sources of corruption of the language in England enumerated, 365 et seq. state og in the United States, xiii. 30 et seq. English literature, its obligations to the Italian, xxi. 191 et seq. lessened by the Reformation, 192influenced by the French, 192 et seq.deflciency of researches into its history, 215. 126 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. English melodies, iii. 182. English poets, Hazlitts Lectures on, viii. 276. English universities, Oxford attacked by the Edinburgh Review, and defended by Dr Copleston, xii. 1places of residence for young men of fortune, and nurseries for the church, 2 et seq. reasons why they are entitled to respect, 3course of education at them capable of improvement, especially as it regards law, politics, and the natural sciences, 7value, management, origin, and defects of their system of fellowships and scholarships, 8 et seq.professorship and professors of poetry at Oxford, 10. English, their treatment of a Dutch ship, in the port of Nangasa- ky, in Japan, x. 61English authors on Phamician coins, 228the English unacquainted with the German writers, 260 et seq. Engravings, inferior quality of those sold in America, ii. 157 manner in which they are made, ib. Enterprise, force of, in Ali Pacha, xviii. 107. Entomology, American, by Thomas Say, noticed, xxi. 251. Epics, ancient and modern, comparative merit of, i. 51. Epics, four preeminent, xxiv. 139their subjects and eras, 139 et seq.of little consequence to the man of genius what is his sub- ject, 140. Epicurus, two books of his treatise De Naturd discovered at Herculaneum, xiv. 296. adopts and improves the atomic, theory of Leucippus and Democritus, xviii. 268his system, 269. Epigrams in~ verse, iii. 344. Equinoxes, precession of the, its causes discovered by Newton, xx. 356researches of DAlembert, 356 et seq. Equity system in the United States, its want of uniformity, xxiii. 28foundation for it in the Constitution, and in the Supreme Court, ib. Erasmus, his character of Sir Thomas More, viii. 171. anecdote from, xii. 107. his first edition of the New Testament, xv. 462his subsequent editions, 466, et seq. Ercilla, his life and adventures, xviii. 294his epic poem, the Araucana, ib.Bouterweks criticism on, ib.Cervantes praise xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. of, 295Voltaires remark on, ib.the best epic of which America has furnished the subject, ib.translated into English in part, by Hayley and Boyd, 293. Erie, Fort, description of, ii, 320. Ermenonville, the last residence of Rousseau, xv. 15spared by the Allies, 19. Ernesti, John Augustus, his Elements of Interpretation, xiv. 395 et seq. revises Hedericus Greek Lexicon, xxiv. 150his character as a scholar, 150. Erskine, Lord, remark of, on the influence of the laws, ix. 290. compared as an orator with Curran, x. 78. his speech respecting Pitt, xiv. 171. account of, by Butler, xx. 276. Erving, G. W., his mission to Copenhagen, xxii. 456. Escalala, a poem, by Samuel B. Beach, reviewed, xx. 210sub- ject of the poem, 212founded on a tradition of the planting of a Norwegian colony in America, ib.the plot, ib.extracts, 213. Esckevarri, his residence at Jalapa, xx. 81refusal to submit to the federal government of Mexico, 82. Esculapius, the Grecian physician, his mode of practice, viii. 231 practice of medicine in the temple of, 232its effects on the imagination, 233honors paid to the memory and deeds of, 234. Espinasse, his Digest, its character and value, xix. 155. Esquimaux woman brought to London by Major Cartwright, an- ecdotes of, xxv. 373. Essay on postures, v. 164. St Pierres, on Rousseau, reviewed, xv. 1 et seq. Essays on Various Subjects, by a Citizen of Virginia, reviewed, xvi. 45 et seq.subjects of the Essays, 47their characteris- tics, ib.their style, 48views of classical education, com- mended, 50favorable opinion of duelling, controverted, 55. Philosophical, by James Ogilvie, iv. 378. See Ogilvie. Essay-writing, remarks on, xiv. 319 et seq.Aulus Gellius, 319 Bacon, 320Cowley, 320, 325Temple, ib.Shaftesbury, 320-Steele, 320et seq.Addison, 320 etseq., 325et seq.Spec 128 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. tator, 321, 328Montaigne, 320Johnson, 322, 327 et seq. Hawkesworth, Chesterfield, Cumberland, Mackenzie, Con- noisseur, 322Goldsmith, 323Melmoth, 327Sketch Book, 332 et seq.Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, 332Club Room, 334 et seq.Idle Man, 334, 340 et seq. Essex, Earl of, his trial, xiii. 258. his trial, xvi. 306. Establishments, charitable, list of, in London, xvii. 317their in- fluence in creating pauperism, doubted, 318. Estancia, or country seat in Chile, described, xviii. 306enter- tainments at, 307. Este, family of, its munificent patronage of letters, xix. 352was attended with the happy success of developing genius, ib. Eta, the Greek leWer, Mr Pickerings researches concerning, ix. 106. Ethical system of Dr Brown, his test of moral right and wrong, xxi. 25its unifbrmity among mankind, 26liable to be modi- fied, ib.defects of the theory, 27and consequences, 28 amended, 28 et seq.true theory subsequently suggested by Dr Brown, 30. Eton, school at, visited by Dr Niemeyer, xvii. 320description of, ib. Etruscan antiquities, the opinion of the Italians upon them fan- ciful, ~x. 231. Etruscans, account of, by Mr Niebuhr, xvi. 431. Et~,mology, use of, in determing the pronunciation of the ancient languages, ix. 103. Euclid, his Elements, xiii. 374 et seq. Euler, value of the works of, vi. 412. his Algebra, reviewed, xiii. 368. notices of his labors, xx. 329, 331, 338, 356his writings and character, 363. Euphrates, the river, ii. 185. ruins in the valley of, iv. 330. Europe, present prospects of, i. 109situation of the various pqw- ers of, 110. four of the governments of, promote war, vi. 40proba- bility of a change in, 41. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 129 Europe, political state of, before the French revolution, vii. 41 divisions of; ib.when and how first disturbed, 42acquisi- tions of France in, during the revolution, ib.changes in the territory of Austria in, during the same period, 44in that of Prussia, 46of Russia, 47of Great Britain, 49of Sweden, ib.of Denmark and Poland, 50of the Netherlands, ib.of Switzerland, 51of Spain, Portugal, Turkey, and Germany, 52of Italy, 53of Naples, 55state of the governments in 1812, ib.final disposition of, after the fall of Napoleon, 56 et seq.prospects with regard to the future tranquillity of, 63 plan of the universities i~, 272. progress of civil liberty in, xii. 290present governments of; founded in ages of ignorance, 293change in the govern- ments should be gradual, 358. present struggles in, xiv. 361emigrant policy of, 363. Europe, by a Citizen of the United States, r~viewed, xv. 177, 210changes in the government of, 179prospect of its consolidation, 182its policy towards France and Russia, 183 effects of the military consolidation of, 183, 185 et seq. people of, superior to those of the other continents, xviii. 391Mr Heeren s remarks on the subject, 392hints at the cause, 394. state of the governments in, before the French revolu- lution, xix. 50abuses had multiplied to a great extent, 52. its prevailing policy opposed to that of America, xxiii. 305toleration of the liberals in, 307its privileged orders in- debted to liberalism for their preservation, 308promise of its sovereigns to introduce representative governments, violated, 309influence of the success of American institutions upon the people, ib.resistance of the governments to emigration, 312. policy of the principal powers of in relation to Greece, xxv. 45comparison of some of the principal powers of, 172 et seq.probability of the progress of liberal principles in, 174. European languages, possibility of their possessing two forms, in the progress of time, xvii. 9. Eustapideve, Alexis, his Demetrius, or Hero of the Don, an Epic Poem, reviewed, vii. 258his undaunted enterprise as an au- thor, 258his success in the writing of English, 259his 17 130 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. grammatical faults, 260his deficiency as a poet, 262his want of smoothness of versification, 263specimens of his finest passages, ib. Eustathius, argument deduced from him relative to the pronunci- ation of ~, x. 287. Eustis, William, presents the American claim against Holland, xxi. 278its reception, 279its renewal, ib.his reply to the argument of Baron de Nagell. Evans, Estwick, his Pedestrious Tour, xv. 340. Evans, his translation of Pothier on Obligations, xiii. 5. Eve of St John, a tale of the Grecian Islands, xxii. 445. Evenings in New England, noticed, xx, 230. Everett, Alexander H., his New Ideas on Population, reviewed, xvii. 288 et seq.extract from the preface, 289origin of the controversy on population iii Mr Godwins Political Enquirer, 290cWaracter of Malthus work, 291the proposition of the ratios of food and population examined, ib. 293true cause of the inequalities between population and supply, 294extract showing the influence of skill, as a new element of productive- ness, 296 et seq.population and food advance in equal ratios, 298the influence of vicious forms of government considered, 300explanation of the moral checks to population, 301sim- plicity of Mr Malthus proposition, 302doctrine of emigration, 304analysis of Mr Everetts work, 367, 311)character of the work, ib. his controversy with Baron de Nagell, xxi. 281 et seq. his New Ideas on Population, xxiv. 218ob- ject of, and success, ib.French translation of, 484. Everett, Edward, his Translation of Buttmanns Greek Grammar, reviewed, xviii. 99its characteristics and value, 101 et seq. his Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, reviewed, xx. 417its subject, the peculiar motives to intellectual exertion in America, 418extract on the purely elective and representative system established in America, 423his opinion, that there is no undue tendency of talents to politics, objected to, 427his discussion of the probable effect of this novel po- litical organization on literature, 429repels the objection to xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 131 free governments, that they do not patronize learning, 430his argument objected to, 431 et seq.his opinion of the favorable effect of a community of language in the United States on lite- rature, & c. commented on, 436 etseq.his closing remarks, 439his Oration at Plymouth, ib.its merits, 440faults of these discourses, ib.their value, ib. Everett, Edward, his manuscript relating to Columbus, xxi. 429. Evidence, new and important decision on the rules of, v. 192. Evidence, historical, principles of, vii. 368, 373. Exchange, bills of, xvii. 213. Excommunication of mice, insects, & c., by the Catholics, iii. 58. Exercise, athletic, its effects upon the forms and health of the English gentlemen, ii. 247. Exhibition of paintings at the Gallery of the Boston Athenmum, xxv. 227. Exmouth, Lord, bombards Algiers, xxii. 423. Expedients, description of a man 9f, viii. 117. Expedition to the Sources of St Peters River, Narrative of, by Major Long, reviewed, xxi. 178niggardly policy of the gov- eminent with regard to it, 178 et seq.outline of what was ac- complished by it, 179 et seqquoted, 180, 182, 184import- ant service rendered by it, 185researches relating to the Abo- rigines, 186proofs discovered of their cannibalism, 188 character of the work, 189. Experiments, remarks on, xiv. 261 et seq. E%ports, domestic, from the United States in 1816, quantity and value of, iv. 429. Extemporaneous debate, tends to create a good delivery, xxii. 51 should be matter of instruction in our schools, 50. Extraordinary Red Book, reviewed, iv. 107. 132 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. P. Fable, translated from Goethe, xix. 323. Fairfax, remarks on his Translation of Tasso, xiv. 87 et seq.vin- dicated against the aspersions of bole, 88 et seq.account of, 90his other writings, 91merits of his translation, ib.ex- tracts from it, 92 et seq.elegance of his diction, 100. his Translation of Tasso, xix. 338Drydens encomium on him, ib. Fairy Queen of Spenser, grandeur and peculiarity of its plan, v. 302its allegorical form, one cause of its unpopularity, 303 pedantry of Spenser the only cause of the obscurity of his alle- gory, 306want of a key to the poem, 307its elevated mo- rality, 308. Faliero, Marino, a tragedy by Lord Byron, reviewed, xiii. 228 et seq.the story of, 223the great age of the hero an objection, 229plot objectionable on account of the means of its discov- ery, 231interview between the Doge and Angiolina extract- ed, 232other extracts, 236, 238harsh and prosaic lines, 240. Fanny, a poem, commended, xiv. 5. Farms, remarks on the proper size and management of, xxiv. 483 et seq. Farrar, Professor, on the comet of 1811, i. 376. Fashionable life in London, ii. 249. Fathers, of the Christian church, their literary character mention- ed with praise, xvii. 38. their writings, xxiii. 95. Faust, of Goethe, iv. 262. Faux, his Travels in America,4eviewed, xix. 92his misrepresen- tations, detraction, and falsehoods, 95 et seq.his vulgarity, 97 et seq.his letter in the Charleston Courier, 101. Fayal, colony planted on, by iluerter, xiv. 35, 37a place of trade, 49. Fearon, an English traveller in America, an instance of falsehood in his work, refuted, x. 342he is praised by the Edinburgh Review and Lord Grey, 344. 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 133 Fearon, account of his life, xiii. 27his specimens of American dialect, 30. Federal constitution, adoption of, its salutary effect on the com- merce of the United States, xx. 106. Federal constitution, publication of the debates in the sev- eral states on the acceptance of, xxv. 24~9utiliLy of this publication, 251loss of the debates in the convention for the formation of, to be regretted, ib.insufliciency of the publications relating to it, ib.circumstances which pro- duced dissatisfaction with the old confederation and rendered a new constitution necessary, 252General Washingtons opinion, 253hamiltons, 255evils existing after the conclu- sion of the war, 256 et seq.influence exerted by Washington in relation to this subject, 260first step towards a reformation, 261its failure, 262opinions of Jay, Madison, and Hamilton, with regard to the elements of a proper form of government, 263readiness with which the members of the convention laid aside their individual prepossessions, 267opinion of Jefferson with regard to the new constitution, ib.letters from him re- lating to it, ib.members of the convention who refused to sign it, 270its ratification, ib.account of the convention for its ratification in Massachusetts, 271and in New York, 275. Federal party in the Eastern States during the war of 1812, iii. 234. Federal party in America, account of it, xi. 7~2 et seq. Federalist, The, study of it, recommended, xxii. 450. a masterly defence of the Uconstitution of the United States, xxv. 267. Federalists in 1810, a foreigners account of their principles and purposes, ii. SOtheir real character, 85. Feelings, muscular, their agency according to Browns theory, xix. 17. Fell, Dr, his edition of the Greek Testament, xv. 473. Fellenberg, his schools, xv. 361. Fellowes, Sir James, his opinion on contagion, x. 389account of the fever in Malaga, 392-in Gibraltar, 393. Fellowships, observations on the systems of, at the English uni- versities, xii. 8 et seq. 124 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Female characters, difficulty of delineating in a novel, xxiii. 163 defects in those of Mr Cooper, 164. education, xii. 316. education, Judge Storys remarks on, xxii. 134. literature, amount and excellence of; characteristic of the present age, xxiii. 368its service to education, 369. Fenelon, his reputation rests upon his Telemachus, xii. 51. Rousseaus admiration of, xv. l4remains of, respected by Marlborough and Eugene, 19. his Dialogues on Eloquence, recommended, xix. 302. Ferdinand V, of Spain, his cruel and unjust treatment of Co- lumbus, xxi. 418 of Diego Columbus, 422his death, 423. attempt to palliate his treatment of Columbus, xxiv. 287 et seq.refuted, ib.is responsible for the treatment of the navigator by Bobadilla, 294. Ferdinand VII, of Spain, his conduct with respect to the consti- tution of 1812, xvii. 365, 368. his humiliating appeal to the European governments to assist him in recovering the colonies in South America, xix. 159. Ferdinand IV, king of Naples, ii. 169. Ferguson, his Astronomy, extensive circulation of, vi. 206im- perfectons of; ib.Brewsters edition of, noticed, 24. Fernanda de Noronha, visited by Captain Porter, i. 251. Fessenden, Thomas G., his Essay on the Law of Patents, reviewed, xvi. 199 et seq.law of patents becoming more important, ib. a good treatise on it much wanted, 200objections to Fes- sendens, 201. Festivtsls, Corays remarks upon their effect on industry, xvii 394. Feudal institutions, importance of the study of; for understanding the common law, vi. 64. system, its tenures removed in New England, by the ef- fect of the royal charters, xvii. 73. tenures, continuance of in Canada, ix. 143causes of this continuance, 144. Fever, the malignant, in the United States, in 1819, z. 386 et seq. Fever, yellow, xiii. 57. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. Fevers, Essays on, by Drs Miner and Tully, reviewed, xvii. 323 et seq.history of the yellow fever at Chatham, 334 et seq.dis- cussion of the origin of the infection, 336analysis of the cases at Middletown, 337remarks on the tone of the work, 339. Ficlite, his rank as a metaphysician, xx. 141, notehis ~extrava- gant notions on education, ib.his treatise on the End of Man, ib. Fiction, works of, disposition for them in the present age, xxv. 183 that species of, called novels, peculiar to English writers, 185 of the Italian Novella, 186causes of the inferiority of the au- thors of, in the South, 187excellence of some works of, among the French, l90progress of works of, in England, 191 Shakspeare and Scott as writers of, 1~2. works of, their province and influence, v. 257objections to, considered, 259their extensive circulation and probable influence, 260. Field preachers, one cause of the effect they produce, x. 64. Fielding, remark of; on unreflecting charity to the poor, ix. 293. his works, remark on, from Baron de Grimm, i. 30. Fine Arts, institution for, in Boston, ii. 153their influence upon savage and uncultivated minds, 154---objections to their intro- duction, considered, 156their tendency t~orrupt society, ib. our want of wealth, ib.of taste, 158and of artists, ib. their general tendency, 163. in the United States, iii. 194reasons for the pro- ficients in, to visit Europe, l95want of taste for, l96success of our artists in Europe, 200. ~ in England, xv. 60, 198influence of the, on litera- ture, 96in Switzerland, 356, 366. Finley, Rev. Dr, first projector of the Colonization Society, xviii. 42chosen President of Franklin College in Georgia, 43his character, ib. note. Finley, Anthony, his Atlas, xix. 261. Fire-Worshippers, The, one of the poems in Lalla Rookh, vi. 18. Fisheries, Captain Smiths idea of their importance, xvi. 283. Fishermen of the United States, Talleyrands portrait of; ii. 90. Fitzkerbert, Sir Anthony, his Abridgment of the law, xxiii. 5its character, ib. 136 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. Fitzpatrick, General, his motion for an inquiry into the imprison- ment of Lafayette, xx. 169. Five Nations, Indians of the, their wars with the Algonquins, ii. 20their warlike character, 21their customs in war, 22 their eloquence, 24specimens of it, 27. Flamsteed, astronomer royal in 1675, xx. 320. Fletcher, Colonel, appointed commander of the militia of Connec- ticut and the neighborhg provinces by the king in 1692, viii. 113his reception at Hartford, and his authority denied, 114. Flint, Timothy, his Recollections, reviewed, xxiii. 355his oppor- tunities and means of observation, 357his qualifications, 358 his hardships and sufferings, 359account of the book, 360 description of the boatmens life, 362of the emigrants es- tablishment in Ohio, 363fleet of boats near New Madrid, 364 of a defence of a loghouse, 365history of Miss Jamieson, 366faults of the work, 367. Flint Island, the residence of some tribe expert in Indian manu- factures, xvi. 244. Flora Novanglica, publication of, proposed by Dr Bigelow and Mr Francis Boot, v. 434. Florence, governed peaceably by the Medicis for three genera- tions, v. 349a~cession of Pietro de Medici to the government of, ib.territory invaded by Charles VIII. 350spirited re- sistance of, to his demands, 351ruled by the monk Savana.. rola, 352by Pietro Soderini, 352restoration of the family of the Medici by Leo X. when a Cardinal 355confirmation of the authority in the hands of that family, 357subsequent history of, during the life of Machiavel, 358. Florida, travels of Ferdinando de Soto in, i. 5characteristic notices of the Indians of 10. ______- when and by whom discovered, xiii. 62 et seq.origin of the name, 63voyages of De Ponce, ib.voyage ofNarvaez, 64 et seq.voyage of Soto, 66voyage of Cancellus, the friar, 68 voyage of Ribault, ib.voyage of Laudonni~re, 69second voyage of Ribault, 70voyage of Menendez, 71, 91voyage of De Gourgues, 73boundaries in cha~rer of Philip II. and according to De Laet, and Sanson, 74charters of Charles II. ib.treatieu between Spain and Great Britain, 75ceded to 1 xxv.] GflNERAL INDEX. 137 Great Britain, 76western boundary, 76 et seq..treaty of Utrecht, 78treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, ib.contests between the French and English colonies, 79ceded by Spain to Great Britain, 84boundaries of East and West Florida fixed, and governments established by Great Britain, ib.conquered by Spain and ceded by Great Britain, 85boundary of West Flori- da by the treaties of 1783, ib.tre aty of 1795 between Spain and the United States, ib.territory ceded by France to the United States, in 1803, 86 et seq.4etter of Talleyrand on the boundaries, 89survey of the coast, 91St Augustine plun- dered by Drake, and by Captain Davis, 93settlement of Pen- sacola, 93, 96expedition against Florida from Carolina, 93 voyage of Charlevoix, 94St Joseph, ib.expedition from Ja maica, 95attacks on Pensacola by the French, ib.Perdidos, why so named, 96expedition under Oglethorpe, ib.deserted by the inhabitants when ceded to Great Britain, 97efforts to setile, ib.Governor Brown and Dr Trumbull, ib.Forbess Sketches of, 98Darbys Memoir on, 98 et seq~materials for an interesting history of, 100. Florida, settlement of, xv. 46. its law founded on the civil law, xxiii. 23its increasing interest, ib. ______ importance of the acquisition of, xxv. 219rapidity of the improvement of, ib.Gadsdens Description of, 220. Flower, Mr, his interest in the free people of color in Illinois, xx. 208sends an agent to Hayti, ib.assists twenty-four emigrants to reach Hayti, 209. Flute, the three-holed, among the American Indians, consecrated to love, xxv. 336. Flynt, Father, repartee of, to Whitfield, ii. 134. Fogs of Newfouudland, conjecture concerning the cause og ~. 7. Folger, Captain Mayhew, first discovers the mutiiieers of the Bounty, at Pitcairns Island, v. 250. Folger, Walter, account of a clock constructed by, ii. 120. Folsom, Charles, Letter of, accompanying books for the library of Harvard University, v. 128. Fond du Lac, treaty of, with the Indians, xxv. 345. Fontenelle, notice of the death of, i. 44the first to make phi- 18 138 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. losophy popular in France, 45defects of his style, 46his insensibility to sentiment and beauty, 47his epigrammatic wit, ib.his indifference and want of feeling, 4Shis thirst for praise, 50his detraction from the superiority of the an- cients. Fontenelle, an abusive epigram on Racine ascribed to him, x. 304. his remark on Newton, xii 158anecdotes of, 253 et seq. anecdote of, xv. 8. his remark on the comparative superiority of the an- cients and moderns, xvii. 249. Food, doctrines of the new school of political economy with regard to the supply of, xxv. 135 et seq.supply of, increased by in- crease of population, 138price of, how determined, 142fall in the price of, as society advances in opulence, 422its actual tendency to increase in quantity, 423. Foote, character of; iv. 43. Forbes, his Sketches of the Floridas, reviewed, xiii. 62, 98. Forcellini, his Latin Lexicon, x. 14. Ford, Timothy, his Address before the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina, viii. 157. Foreign institutions compared with American, xii. 4. Foreign travel, on the proper objects of, ix. 263. Forefathers Rock in Plymouth, ii. 123. Forgery, punishment of; in England, and in the United States, xiii. 431 et seq. Formosa, first attempt to weather the north end of, during the northeast monsoon, xxv. 458. Forms of government, Ciceros opinion of; xvii. 55 er seq. Foresters, The, an imitation of John Bull, ix. 335. Fort William Henry, capture of; xxiii. 155. Fort~Jlcations of the United States during and after the revolution- ary war, xxiii. 256acts of Congress providing for the defence of the principal posts in 1794, 2S7renewed attention to the subject in 1808, 256hasty and defective nature of the works then erected, 258twofold object of those works, ib.surveys fully made subsequent to the war of 1812, 2S9~generaI system of national defence adopted in 1819 and 1820, ib.general ac xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 139 count of this system, 260.-.works divided into three classes, 261 importance of the works on the Delta of the Mississippi, ib. works on Dauphin Island decided against by Congress, 262 works at Hampton Roads, ib.and Newport, 263amount of force necessary to man the home fortifications, 264conse- quences of the want of fortifications on the character of the last war, ib.-expense of completing the proposed plan, 265. Fortiguerra, his Ricciardetto may be considered the Don Quixote of Italy, xix. 382imitates Pulci, ib.and is imitated by Lord Byron, 383. Foschi, Abb6, Letter of; on communication with America, v. 133. Foscolo, his Latin style, x. 14. fifteen editions of his Jacopo Ortis, xv. 164. xix. 388. Fossil remains. See Organic remains. Fossil tree, account of a, xv. 248. Foster, Justice, on the admission of confessions in evidence, x. 428. Four~nont, his catalogue of Chinese works in the Royal Library, xvii. 3. Fowle, William B., his True English Grammar, reviewed, xxv. 451his objections to the old systems, ib.his plans of reform, described, 452his doctrines with regard to nouns and adjec- tives, ib.verbs, 454. Fox, Charles J., anecdote of the liberality of, ii. 267. his critical knowledge of Greek, xiv. 144politi- cal intercourse with Pitt, 159, 162 et seq.character of, 167 his remarks on dissolutions of Parliament, l7lattempts for a coalition of, with Pitt, 174 et seq.character of his speeches, 179in parliament at the age of twenty, 190. compared with Burke and Pitt, xv. 192 et seq. compared with Pitt, xx. 278 et seq. ________- Mr Pinkneys opinion of, xxiv. 72. Major Cartwrights remark concerning, xxv. 380 his opinion of the Major, expressed in ~Parliament, 387 his views of parliamentary reform, 401. Foxes, characteristic tradition of, respecting the separation of the Indian tribes, xxii. 93. 140 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. France, defect of materials for domestic novels in, i. 30the revo- lution of, 86, 91its effects and advantages, 93restoration of the Bourbons to, 96difficult position of the king of, 97. mode of observing the sabbath in, 100dislike of the Austrians in, 105influence of the manners of, l84peculiarity in the language of, 204Ronelle the founder of chemistry in, 205. disposition of the English to find fault with, ii. 393state of society in, not understood, 399first landing in, described, 401military aspect of the people, 4O2appearance of the country, 405character and condition of the French, 417 their attachment to Bc~naparte, 4l3manners of the common people of, 419of the women of, 422their moral character, 425married life in France, ib. et seq.state of the country as drawn by an Irishman, 428present situation and probable de- cline of, 431. Narrative of Events in, by Miss Williams, iii. 106tolera- tion in, 116number of works published in, in 1815, 179. its acquisitions of territory during the revolution and the reign of Napoleon, vii. 42territory of, as fixed at the peace of Paris in 1815, 56conduct of the Jesuits in, when first intro- duced, 112circumstances which gave them an ascendancy in. I 13intentions of the court of; with regard to the United States in the terms of the treaty of peace, 306. oa the revolution of; viii. 26abuses which existed in the former government of; 28constitutioa of the States-General in, ib.nature and extent of the authority of the kings of, 29. practical abuses in the government of; before the revolution, 30 events which followed the assembly of the States-General of, 33the Tiers Etat constitute themselves the National Assem- bly of, ibconduct of the Constituent Assembly of, 37their errors in the formation of a constitution of, 38bad effects of the interference of neighboring powers, 40. one cause of the degeneracy of its nobility was the want of such nurseries as the English universities, xii. 3anxious to re- cover her colonial dominions, foments divisions in Hayti, J 18 attention to ancient art, 190mode of getting tickets for the theatre, 216her atheists, 256quarrel of musicians, 263. unwritten law of; xiii. 6 et seq.rivalry between the cue ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 141 tomary and the civil law, 7various collections of the unwrit- ten law, 8ordonnances, 9jurisprudence des arrits, lOef- feet of the revolution on the laws, ib.Projet de Code Civil, ib. the various codes of Bonaparte, I 1French society, 160 decline of French tragedy, 272Cottu sent to study the system of juries, 343contrast between an English and French crim- inal prosecution, 348 et seq.rernarks on the French charac- ter, 350difficulties of adopting the English municipal regula- tions, 362. France, theory of morals in, xiv. 109system of weights, meas- ures, coins, & c., 201 et seq. 230comparison of this system with the English, 211 et seq.partial return to the old system, 214the rival of England in mechanical invention, 417, 419. claims og to the discovery of Americacolonies of, in America, xv. 45policy of Europe towards, 183present politi- cal situation of:, 188poetry of, unfit for music, 13late ministry of, disturb the remains of Rousseau, 19gentry of:, at the be- ginning of the revolution, 354chief actors in the revolution of:, 73effects of the revolution og on civil liberty, 177 et seq. Queen of. See Antoinette, xviii. political and moral condition of, before the revolution, xix. 51, 52, 57advantages which it gained by the revolution, 62 peasantry of, extremely ignorant, ib.causes which have re- tarded the progress of liberty in, 63. originally inhabited by Gauls, xx. 396introduction of the Roman laws, ib.sketch of the history of the law in France, 396 et seq.effects of the revolution upon it, 398 Code Napoleon formed, 399 et seq.retained after the downfall of the emperor, 402. position of liberal writers in, xxi. 142not benefited by the of the law for censure of the press, ib strenoth of repeal the ioyal government in, 143state of liberal opinions and liberty in, 144 et seq.claims of the United States against, 296of those prior to 1800, ib.mode in which they have been disposed of, 296 et seq.valid against the government of the United States, 209. 142 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. France, claims of American citizens on, xxiii. 385. See Claims. king of, letter to, from his minister, on American affairs in 1776, xxiv. 95court and nation of; their reception of the Ameri- can envoys, 97reject the first propositions of the United States, but afterwards accede to them, 99 et seq.king of; his letter to the king of Spain on American affairs, 100concludes a treaty with America, 101account of negotiations, relating to a gen- eral peace, 103 et seq.terms with Great Britain, 105. France, real weight and importance of, as a political power, xxv. 173policy of the government of, 174causes of the inferior- ity of the fictions of, 189excellence of many of the works of, 190. Francis Berrian, or the Mexican Patriot, noticed, xxiv. 210de- fects of the plot, ib.its improbability, 2l1principal merit in its descriptions, 212. Francis I, king of France, his tyranny and voluptuousness, xix. 53. Francis, Sir Philip, his letter to Major Cartwright, extract from, xxv. 392. Franklin, Captain, account of the miserable condition of the In- dians at York Factory, xxiv. 411their free use of ardent spir- its, ib.their excesses authorized by the Companies, 412his account of the frauds and deceptions practised upon the In- dians, 416. Franklin, Dr, humorous letter from, to Mad. ilelvetius, i. Sian. ecdote of, 53flattery of; in Paris, ib. notice of a poem supposed to be his, iii. 307. examination of; relative to the repeal of the Stamp Act, v. 275. Memoirs of the Life of, by Himself; with a Continua- tion, by his Grandson, and his Private Correspondence, review- ed, vii. 289moral influence of his Memoirs of himself, ib.his character in early life, and means by which he advanced in the world, 290anecdote illustrating some of his peculiar charac- teristics, 291his account of his religious impressions, 293 his plans for his own moral improvement and that of mankind, 294his progress in life, 295characteristic anecdote, 296 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 143 his agency in promoting the Pennsylvania Hospital, 297his first mission to Europe, 293his indecision and wavering in politics, ib.circumstances in his conduct of doubtful charac- ter, 300 et seq.his account of his intercourse with Lord Chat- ham, 303of the eloquence of that statesman, 305his mis- sion to France, and his conduct on that mission, 306his com- plaint that his services had not been properly requited, ib.his attempt to mitigate the miseries of war, 307his letters to Mr Oswald and Mr Hartley on this subject, 308his return to America, 313his benevolent efforts, 314his adieu in verse, 315of his disbelief of Christianity, ib.his respect for religion, 316letter indicative of his religious feelings, 317his zeal and talents for being useful, 318his characteristic letter on lending money, 319peculiarity of his character, ib.his high reputation in literature and science, 320. Franklin, Dr, answer of, to a report on American affairs, ix. 397 remark of, on the relief of the poor, 293. ______ how he formed his style, x. 29. his example sometimes quoted as unfavorable to the necessity of a knowledge of the languages, xi. 418. dialogue between him and Montesquien in Elysium, xii. 347in favor of a single legislative body, 361. his remark respecting the sentiments of the Ameri- can colonies, xiii. 186degradingly misrepresented in the translations of Botta, 191. his lightning-rods, xiv. 152his negotiations at Par- is, 159his style, 332. notices of, xv. 1, 9, 83, 211Mirabeaus notice of his death, 93cited, 310Morellets anecdotes of, 328, 332, 335humorous ode to, 334. his biography, xvi. 187his style, ib.anecdotes ofj, 188is afflicted at the commencement of hostilities, l89an- ecdotes of, at Paris, ib. founder of the American Philosophical Society, xxii. 1notices of, in England, 194, 197, 204his return to Ameri- ca, 206. attention with which he was received in France, xxiv. 97his humorous remarks with respect to the wild turkey, 128. 144 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Franklin, William, son of the philosopher, account of, from a French work, i. 330. Franklin, William Temple, grandson of Dr Franklin, editor of his Life and Correspondence, vii. 289manner in which he has performed his office, 322. Franklin, town of, its description by Major Long, xvi. 248. Frederick II, of Prussia, commentary of, on the Prince of Machi- avel, v. 346. Free agency, Essay on, revie~ved, xiii. 384 et seq. remarks on, 356 et seq. Free schools of New England, xix. 448origin of, in Boston, 453 first legislation upon, in Massachusetts, ib. See Carter. Free skips, free goods, discussed, xvii. 160, 178. See Jays treaty. Freedom, its influence when granted to slaves in their present con- dition in the United States, xviii. 60. Freigang, Baron, Travels of, iv. 134. French authors, on Phcenician coins, x. 5228French travellers in England, 4523. French, contest of; with England in North America, xxiv. 365 decline of their power, 366-their power of accommodation to the character of the Indians, 368their attempts to prevent the sale of spirituous liquors to them, 407. French Traveller in Great Britain, Journal of, reviewed, ii. 2452. his qualifications, 2452, 346objects of his notice, 243his na- tional feeling, 244his account of Bath, ib.of the Avon, 245 of English gentlemen, 5246of London and fashionable life, 249 of customs at table and the ceremony of introduction, 251his visit to the hospitals, 253reflections on the English theatre, 255 of the universal mental cultivation in all parts of the cout~try, 257of the state of political feeling, 258of the appearance of wealth, and the state of the poor and rich, 259his account of Edinburgh, 260of the mode of life among the poor in Scot- land, 262of the Highland scenery, 263comparison of Edin- burgh and London, 265of Walter Scott, 267of the coal mines of Newcastle, 268of York, 270of Oxford, 273his return to London, 274account of sects, 347of Davys lec- tures, 348of fashionable concerts, ib.of country manners, 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 145 349of opinions in England on America, 352of Newgate, 354of the English government, 357and comparison of Eng- land and France, 358 et seq. French legislature, its imperfections, xviii. 169. spoliations. See Claims. xxii. spoliations of the, on American citizens prior to 1800, pamphlets relating to, reviewed, xxv. 153mission from the United States relating to, 155history of the negotiations, with the difficulties arising in the course of them, 158 et seqrati- fication of the treaty, 167report of the Senate relating to these claims, 167statement of the nature and justice of the claims, 168. Freron, his remark on Voltaire, xii. 51. Frezier, his voyage to the South Sea, xviii. 289translated into several languages, 290animadverted on by Feuill~e, ib. praised hy Molina, ib. Prick, William, his Translation of Jacobsens Maritime Law, re- viewed, vii. 323manner in which he has performed his task, commended, 343. Fridolin, a poem, translated from Schiller, xvii. 279. Friendly Society, composed of free colored people at Sierra Leone, xviii. 44. Friends, or quakers, their benevolent activity in Philadelphia, xx. 218 et seq. Friendships in Paris, specimen of, i. 53. Frigates, the Greek, pamphlets relating to, reviewed, xxv. 33 et seq. Frisbie, Levi, Professor, his Inaugural Address, reviewed, vi. 224 his definition of moral philosophy, 225his remarks on the influence of the Bible and the importance of revelation, 228 on the law of nations, 2~29on the practical influence of moral philosophy, 230on the incorporation of religion with morality, 236. his remarkable coincidence of opinion with Dr Brown, on the theory of morals, xxi. 27quoted, 29. Frisland, mysterious island of, xxi. 412voyage of Columbus to, ib. Frost, John, his Class Book of American Literature, noticed, xxiv. 234. 19 146 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Frotliingltam v. Dutton, in the Maine Reports, noticed, xxii. 31. Fry, Mrs, her character and manners, xviii. 180mode in which she has produced such wonderful effects in reforming prisoners, 181extent of her system, 182. Fuller, quoted respecting Coke, xiii. 277. his Worthies of England, quoted, xviii. 376. Fulton, Hamilton, employed as an engineer in North Carolina, xii. 26report of surveys made by him, reviewed, 16 et seq. Fulton, Robert, notice of i. 141. commended, xiv. 286his remarks on canals, ib. Fuzies, Gregorio, his History of Paraguay, Buenos Aires, and Tu- cuman, reviewed, xii. 439account of; 441. his remarks on Las Casas, and the slave trade, xiii. 162. his description of the sufferings of the Indians under the mita, quoted, xix. 202exposes the false definition, given by the Spanish Academy, of the word mita, 203, note cited, 203, 206. his history of the insurrection in Peru, xx. 383 quoted, 290his description of Tupa Catari, 297. Furstenwarther, his work called The German in North America, reviewed, xi. 1 et seq.objects of his visit to America, 2his free remarks on the American character, 6his aristocratic prejudices, 13his estimate of America, 14 et seq. G. Gadsden, C. E., Sermon on the death of General Pinckney, no- ticed, xxii. 222quoted, 223. Gadsden, Colonel James, his Address before the Institute of Florida, xxv. 219. Gaetano, said to have discovered the Sandwich Islands, xxii. 335. Gage, General, xxii. 206. Gage, Thomas, a Dominican Friar, his account of Mexico, quot.. ed, xx. 89 et seq. xxv.] GENERi~L INDEX. 147 Gagern, M. de, procures the work of Furstenwiirther to be pub. lished, xi. 2his instructions to this gentleman, ib.his pom- pous epilogue to the work of Furstenwiirther, 15injudicious desire to keep up the national peculiarities of his countrymen in America, 18. Gaisford, x. 262. Gaius, his Institutions discovered at Verona by Niebuhr, xii. 388 account of the work, 387of the author, 391. Gale of September, 1815, account of, ii. 57effects of, in Cam- bridge, 134. Galen, the ancient physician, account of, viii. 250his works, character, and influence on medicine, 251. Gales ~ Seaton, their Register of Debates in Congress, noticed, xxii. 224. Galiani, xii. 208 et seq. ______ his argument against the French Atheists, xv. 329. Galileo, persecuted for adopting the Copernican system, xii. 255, 206invents the telescope, 155 et seq. Gall and Spurzheim, Drs, Mr Lawrences opinion of them, xvii. 18errors of, proved by Dr Warren, 31Dr Spurzheim does not reply to a challenge regarding a discovery in anatomy, 32. Gall, Ludwig, his work on America, xvii. See Schmidt and Gall. Gallapagos Islands, visited by Captain Porter, i. 261turtles of, 265. Gallalin, Mr, his Sketch of the Finances of the United States, xvii. 427. cited, xxiii, 392his instructions from Mr Monroe with regard to claims on France, 400his negotiations with the French ministry, ib.repeated and renewed with different min- isters, 400 et seq.reception of his remonstrances, 405his further negotiations, 406his last attempts, 410. Gallaudet, Mr, his Letter, containing an account of the Con- necticut Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, viii. 123. Gallison, John, his life and character, xii. 489 et seq. Galt, John, his Life of West, reviewed, iv. 263remark on his style, 269. Galvanism, effect of upon a person struct with lightning, i. 379. influence of its introduction into the laboratory upon 148 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. L VOLS. the science of chemistry, ix. 1 18effects of the Voltaic appara- tus for the developement of, ib.decomposition of the alkalies by, 121light thrown by, on the nature and powers of matter, 121. Galvano, Antonio, cited as to the discovery of the Azores, xiv. 36. Gaming, effects of, on the production of crime, ix. 301effects of lotteries as a species of, 302. Ganges, Delta of the, xii. 140. Garat, his M6moires Historiques, reviewed, xii. 246account of him, 47. Garden, Alex., his Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War, & c., re- viewed, xv. 455his remarks on the study of history, 456. Garneti, James M., his Seven Lectures on Female Education, no- ticed, xx. 444recommended by Judge Marshall, Bishop Moore, and De Witt Clinton, 445their subjects and merits, ib. Garrick, David, anecdote of, i. 200. Dr Johnsons opinion of, illustrated, iv. 39, 41. ______ anecdotes of, xv. 328, 331 et seq. Gas lights, xiv. 372. Gates, General, letter to, from General Lee, vi. 93his friend- ship for, and final estrangement from Lee, 94. Gattinara, his Discourse on Italian Literature, reviewed, xv. 94 extracts from, 99, 101 et seq. Gauchos, inhabitants of the Pampas, described, xxiv. 301. Gauld, surveyor of the coast of Florida, xiii. 91. Gauss, professor of Astronomy at Gbttengen, x. 264his Theoria, noticed, 264 et seq.rapidity of his calculations, 268. his method of finding the elements of an orbit, xx, 334 its important application, ib. Gay Head, the northwestern extremity of Marthas Vineyard, v. 318Indian tradition relating to, ib. Gazetteer, Western, or Emigrants Directory, by Samuel ft. Brown, notice of, vi. 134. Geddes, Dr, a distinguished Catholic critic, x. 13. Genesis, first book of, many of the ancients borrowed their notions of creation from it, xviii. 271. Genet, under secretary in the department of foreign affairs in the French government, and father of Madame Campan~, xviii. 2. 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 14~ Genet, son of the above, xviii. 27was secretary of legation in Petersburgh, ib.afterwards minister to the United States from the French Republic, ib.his character, 28. Geneva, Letters from, reviewed, xi. 19 et seq.character of the work, 20manners of this city, 23. artists of, xv. 366societies og 368. Genoa, monument erected at, in memory of Columbus, xviii. 416. its claim to be the birth-place of Columbus, xxi, 405 proved, by the opinions of authors, 406by documents, 407 and by the acts and writings of Columbus himself, 408in- volved in the Mediterranean warfare of the 15th and 16th cen- turies, 411. Geoffrin, 1~Iadame, saying og on the Abb~ Trublet, i. 197anec- dote of, 199. her literary circle, xii. 253. Geojjfroy, his Cours de Litt~rature Dramatique, reviewed, x. 291 account of the author, ib.prejudice in favor of the age of Louis XLV, 292his opinion on the introduction of love in the drama, 297his indignation at the fate of the Phddre of Ra- cine, 301his remarks on the Femmes Savantes of Moliere, 306his hostility to Voltaire, 608commendation of his let- ters, and account of the manner in which he wrote his plays, 309 et seq.his praise of C~esar, 313. Geographical Dictionary, by Joseph E. Worcester, reviewed, xvii. 180 et seq.this edition greatly improved, 181authorities stated, 182. Geography, deficiency of knowledge of; in the United States, vii. 39want of good systems of, 40sketch of the changes which have taken place in that of Europe, 56 et seq. the study of it rapidly increasing in the United States, xviii. 382early editions of Morses work on, very defective, ib. the last edition greatly improved, 383importance of the study, 395. Geological systems, account of, iii. 209. Geology of the United States, vi. 146. - investigations in the science of, viii. 396systems of, in- creased difficulty of forming, 397principal facts stated to which a theory of, must conform, 398Huttons theory of, stated, 150 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. 400Werners theory of, 402difficulties which arise under both theories, 404relation of the study of organic remains to the science of, 406fact which is most thoroughly estab- lished in, 408Danas Geology of Boston and its Vicinity, 4J2. Geology, Essay on, by Ilayden, reviewed, xii. 134 et seq..ancient history of the globe, 135changes in the globe, 136theory of the alluvial district on the Atlantic coast of North America, ib. theory of deltas, 142decomposition of rocks, 148. - its connexion with agriculture, xiv. 378 et seq. - of parts of the United States, xv. 230, 233 et seq., 237, 239,245. ______- objects of this science, xviii. 279. of the country~travelled over by Major Longs Expedition, xxi. 183 et seq.Lectures on, by Dr Van Rensselaer, noticed,~ 240. progress of, in the United States, xxiii. 205Mr Mac- lures labors, ib. Geometry, view of xii. 171applied by Newton to the phenome- na of the heavens, 173. Geometry, Legendres, reviewed, xiii. 374, 376 et seq.remarks on the study of, 379. George III, letters from, to Pitt, xiv, 161, 175, 178 et seq., 182, 186. Georgia, settlement of, and character of its founder, viii. 432. treaty between France and Spain to destroy the colony of, xiii. 76defended against the Spaniards by Oglethorpe, 97 cession of territory to the United States, 319. singular law in, concerning recaptured Africans, xviii. 49Mr Meades visit to, ib. Journal of the Board of Public Works of, xxiii. 211 board established by law, ib. Report of the Board of Public Works of, noticed, xxiv. 466. German emigrants to America, their distressed condition in Hol- land, xi. 3terms of the contract for their passage, 4their treatment on board American ships best, 5 et seq.views of the American government with respect to German emigration, 7 I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 151 laws for the protection of emigrants, 9this emigration advan- tageous to America, 16might he made use of to produce a gradual extinction of slavery, ib.causes of the great emigra- tion from Germany, 18, 19. German language, peculiar mode of addressing persons in, iv. 223. language, its fancied resemhlance to the Maltese, x. 235 necessary to an astronomer, 268works of the German as- tronomers little known in England, 261. - poets, enumerated and characterized, xvi. 285. - scholars, their valuahle labors, v. 67. - writers, their characteristics, xix. 304. Germans, whether esteemed in the United States, xi. 11their language disappearing, 12. their attention to ancient art, xii. 189. excel other nations in their elementary works for schools, xviii. 281their philological labors, 283. Germantown, battle of:, loss of it ascrihed by Judge Johnson to Pu- laskis neglect of duty, xxiii. 422account of:, in a letter from Colonel Pickering, 423 et seq.was a complete surprise, 434 true account of the halt at Chews house, 437. Germany, empire of, changes in its constitution, during the French revolution and the reign of Napoleon, vii. 52establish- ment of the confederation of, in 1815, 60. remarkable for the encouragement of letters, x. 133. literature of:, xiv. 276 et seq.intensity of the specula- tive principle in, 278 et seqinattentive to mechanical inven- tion, 419. its poetry unsupported by royal patronage, xvii. 273. liberal provisions of its governments for bringing in, and distributing foreign books, xviii. 163. literature of, xix. 305. its situation according to M. de Sismondi, xxi. 146his opinions refuted, 146, et seq.state of its petty principalities, 147its influence in the overthrow of Napoleon, l48charac- ter of its people, and gradual consolidation, 148 et seq. works og in sacred literature, xxiii. 107their superi- ority to the English, 108. 152 NORTH AMERICAN REV[EW. E VOLS. Gesenius, professor at Halle, his Hebrew Lexicon, proposed trans- lation of, vii. 143. his work on the Maltese Language, reviewed, x. 225 analysis of it, 23() et seq. his Hebrew Grammar, xiii. 474 et seq. translation from the preface to his Hebrew Grammar, xiv. ~2, 59. his Hebrexv Grammar, xvii, 136. his works on the Samaritan Pentateuch, & c. xxii. 274 his decisidn respecting its value, 278his thorough examina- tion of it, 280his argument that Moses did not write the Pen- tateuch drawn from the prophetic passages, 294other argu- ments, 300his account of the cases in which the Samaritan and Septuagint agree in differing from the Hebrew, 304 et seq. his visit to England, 314discovers and publishes Samaritan Hymns, 315 et seq. Ghent, commissions provided by the treaty of, for the settlement of disputed questions, vi. 397. Gibbon, Mr, supposed dialogue of; with Dr Johnson on the char- acter of Garrick, iv. 41. his panegyric on the civil law, xxiii. 24. Gibbs, Colonel, his cabinet gave the first impulse to the study of mineralogy in America, xi. 226. Gi~ford, Mr, spirit of his writings in relaticrn to America, xix. 94. Gilbert, Lord Chief Baron, fate of his writings, xxiii. 7. Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, his attempt to colonize North America, xv. 35. Gil Blas, attempt to vindicate the claims of Spain to the author- ship of, by two Spanish priests, xxv. 278existence of a contro- versy concerning for a long time, 280Memoir by Count F. de Neufch& teau, asserting the claim of Lesage, 281controversy between the Count and Father Llorente, ib.examination of the argument, 283its Spanish origin indicated by the strong and deep Spanish coloring which pervades the work, 283diffi- cult to believe that a foreigner should have acquired the neces- sary familiarity with local characters and customs, 284examples of this familiarity 285correct use of Spanish names and titles, and of compound significant names, 286knowledge of the I XXV.] GENERAL INDEX. 153 geography of Spain, and of manners and customs exact, and particular, 287accurate description of the habits of the rob- bers of Spain, 288the errors in the work not of a kind to di- minish the force of the argument, 289some of these errors totally unaccountable on any supposition, 290 et seq.others accounted for by supposing a foreign transcriber, 296attempt to fix the date of its composition anterior to the time of Lesage, 297is shown to be nnfounded, ib.arguments drawn from the frequent occurrence of Spanish idioms throughout the work, 299from the use of the word seigneur, ib.from the pure Spanish interspersed through the work, 300from an attempt- ed illustration of the verbal niceties of the Spanish language, 302probable that this romance was prepared by Lesage from an unpublished Spanish manuscript, ib.manner in which Lesage came by it, 303resemblance between the Bachelor of Salamanca by Lesage, and Gil Blas, render it likely that both were from the same MS., $06the real authorship assigned by Llorente to Don Antonio de Solis, 305circumstances which render this conjecture plausible, 306character and merits of the romance of Gil BIas, 307. Ginguen6, his Literary History of Italy, extracts from a review og v. 182. ~ his review of the Decameron of Boccaccio, xix, 84 cited, 361, 374, note. Girard, the French painter, xii. 181. Girardin, the elder, patron of Rousseau, xv. 15his account of Rousseaus death, 16 et seq.the younger, a pupil of Rous- seau, 15restores his remains to their original place of burial, 19. Giraud, French consul in Boston, mistaken account of, from a French work, i. 332. Glaciers, phenomena of the, xv. 364 et seq. Gloucester, Duke of, his attentions to the agents of the Coloniza- tion Society, xviii. 43. Gluck, his interview with Rousseau, xv. 12. God, opinions of the Hindoos concerning, ix. 38 et seq. existence of, and attributes, Dr Browns demonstration of, xxi. 31 et seq. 20 154 NORTh AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Godman, John D., his American Natural history, noticed, xxiv. 467. Godwin, William, severe and sombre cast of the w;itings of, vii. 192his views of the character of mankind and of human so- ciety, ib.tendency of his doctrines, 93effects of them on society, 95arid on individuals, 96his Mandeville, reviewed, 97his style, 104. his answer to Maithus, reviewed, xv. 289 et seq. See Population. ___________ originates the controversy on population in the Political Enquirer, xvii. 290his view of political institutions, 291his opinion of the effect of indefinite increase of popula- tion, 298his ideas on government, marriage, and the laws regulating the descent of property, controverted, 299. Goede, professor, his Opinion of England, reviewed, xv. 51 et seq. his travels in England commended, xvii. 311. Goeschen, professor, sent to transcribe Gaius, xii. 390. Goethe, his Life, by himself, iv. 217his birth, 218early devel- opement of his talents, 219singular display of his religious feel- ings, 221anecdote of his family, 224his mode of learning languages, 225his remarks on learning the Hebrew, 226 anecdotes of his early life, 227, 233resorts to the University of Leipsic, 236his pursuits and progress there, ibhis ear- liest dramatic production, 239his remarks on the sacraments, ib.his return from the University, 243his adventure with the daughters of a French danciiig-master, 244his acquaint- ance and connexion with Herder, 246his adniiration of the Vicar of Wakefield, 248circumstances which gave origin to the Sorrows of Werter, 252 et seq.its publication and great success, 256remarks on his style, life, and works, 259 et seq. the growth of his mind, xii. 52. his character liLtIe known to us, xvi. 285his acquaint- ance with Schiller, 410. and Schiller compared, xvii. 270. his works, reviewed, xix. 303the most national poet of the Germans, 305his genius of the highest order, 306inci- dents in his life, ib.studied at the University of Leipsic, 307 resided at Weimar, ib.was honored with various civil titles, I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 155 ib.his passion for literary pursuits, 308travels in Italy, 310 character of his later works, 312beauty of his style, ib. reasons why some of his works cannot be popular in America, 314characteristics of his writings, 315his songs, 316his shorter poems, 321practical tendency of his writings, 324. Goettingen, University of, its library, ii. 214protected by the French and by Jerome of Westphalia, 216. notice of the course of instruction at, vi. 274. Gold and silver, amount of, produced in Chile, xviii. 299. their importance to Mexico, xxi. 430proposal to raise the duty on their exportation, ib.formerly esteemed the true source of wealth, 430 et seq.light in which they are now regarded, 433report to the Mexican Congress with re- gard to them, 434expediency of a duty upon their exportation discussed, as a means of revenue and for the purpose of retain- ing them in the country, 435 et seq. Goldau, a poem, quotations from, viii. 149. remarkable destruction of, xv. 359. Golden Fleece, The, a dramatic poem, by Grillparzer, reviewed, xvi. 283 et seq.English drama, state of, ib.German drama entirely new, 284German poets described, 285their Ian- guage praised, ib.Mr Grillparzer commended, ib.character of his p~m, 286comparison of his with Corneilles Medea, ib.nature of the poem, ib.extracts from, 289 et seq. the Argonauts, 290Meden, 292extracts from the poem, 293 et seq. Goldsborough, Charles W., his United States Naval Chronicle, re- viewed, xxi. 1his account of Revolutionary events meagre and desultory, 2.of the difficulties with France and the Tripo- litan war more full, ib.ends with the Tripolitan war, 18. Goldsmith, his poetry, viii. 309. his Vicar of Wakefield, criticized, iv. 248. Golownin, his adventures in Japan, x. 33sent to survey the Ku- rilian and Shantar islands, 38manner of conversing with the Japanese by signs, 41surprised and made prisoner by the Japanese, 44sent to Chokodade, 46examined by the gov- ernor, 48sent to the city of Matsmai, 49escapes to the mountains, but is retaken, 55finally released by the Japanese, 59. 156 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voi~s. Goodwin, the Report of his Trial, reviewed, xi. 214 et seq. Gordon, respecting committees of correspondence, quoted, xxii. 382 note. Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, his Narration of Plantations in America, ii. 289his America Painted to the Life, published by his grandson, 291. his colonies, xv. 41 et seq. Gorliarn, John, his analysis of sulphate barytes, i. 373. his Elements of Chemical Science, reviewed, ix. 113method of arrangement adopted by him, 114his chapters on the general powers of matter, 117his account of the effects of the Voltaic apparatus, ib.of Sir H. Davys theory of the immateriality of heat, 124and of his theory of electricity, 126his division of the elementary bodies, 130 his system commended, 135. Gorton, Samuel, persecutions of, xv. 419. Goslington Shadow, a novel, reviewed, xxi. 102its plot and characters, ib.acquaintance which it evinces in the author of Scottish character and manners, 103. Gosnold, Bartholomew, discovery of a cellar dug by him in 1602, ii. 122. --- visits the Elizabeth Islands in 1602, v. 315 accounts of the remains of his settlement, 316. discoveries of, xv. 36. Gospels, Miss Adamss Letters on the, reviewed, xx. 366object and outline of the work, 367 et seq.recommended, 369. spurious, use of, in illustrating the New Testament, xxiii. 95. Gotliarn, Merry Tales of the Three Wise Men of, reviewed, xxiv. 37object of the work, 39its division into three memoirs, 40 first memoir, of the Man-machine, ib.second memoir, of the Perfection of Reason, 43its object to ridicule the common law, 44third memoir, of the Phrenologist, 48. Gottingen. See Goettingen. Gottscltalk, his Pocket-book for Travellers to the Hartz, review- ed, xii. 268. Gottsched, anecdote of, iv. 238. Gould, Benjamin A., his edition of Adams Latin Grammar, no- ticed, xxii. 228defects of Adam, 233excellences, 234. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 157 Gould, Benjamin A., his edition of Virgil, xxiii. 220.its fidelity and correctness, 223i Gourgues, De, his expedition to,~lorida, xiii. 73. Government, what it is in the theory of the American constitution, x. 104. of the American colonies, xv. 24 et seq. 40 et seq. notions of our ancestors concerning, 28characteristics of a free, 53Mirabeaus views of, 90changes of, in Europe, 179. ancient forms of not sufficient for the state of things in modern times, xxi. 152forms which have existed, 362gov- ernment of the will, ib.government of the law, 363operation of these forms in the division of men into two great parties, 364. Central form of, recommended by a committee of the Congress of Buenos Aires,. xxiv. 237their arguments in favor of it, quoted, 237 et seq. state of the principal civilized nations of the world in regard to, xxv. 172probable progress of liberal principles of, in Europe, 174considerations with regard to the introduction of these, 176of the ndvancement of, in Great Britain, ib. connexion of, with religion, 179 et seq.consideration of a pop- ular argument for the protection of domestic industry by, 414. Governments, free, their influence upon the condition of mankind, xx. 423formed by confederacies of small states, their tenden- cy, ib. et seq.furnish motives of emulation, 425tendency to direct talents to the exclusive cultivation of politics, 427 et seq. objection that they do not afford patronage to learning repel- led by Professor Everett, 430his arguments answered, 431. popular, their alleged unfitness for the conduct of a war, xxiii. 252. free, their policy to foster education, xxiv. 166an institution for the education of teachers consonant with this policy, ibthe glory of a republican government to watch over the education of children, 167their rights in this particular, 168. division of, into three classes, xxv. 172. Gower, Lord, speech of, quoted, xxii. 202. Grajjigny, Madame de, her Private Life of Voltaire and Madame dii Ch~telet, reviewed, xii. 38her Peruvian Letters, 38, 41 158 NORTh AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. interview with Voltaire, 39offends him, 40her justifica- tion, ib. Graham, Robert, agent of Mr ~~wer to President Boyer, xx. 208 his reception, 209opinion of the state of society in Hayti, ib. Grammar, Hebrew, Professor Willards, v. 63French, Wanos- trocht s, 292. study of, not suitable for children, xii. 310Barretts, reviewed, ib. Chilian, xviii. 291Garcilasos, 292of the New- Zealand language, 35. an abstruse and profound science, xxiii. 53unintel- ligible to children, ib.should be postponed to a later period of education, 54founded upon induction, 111names used in, liable to objection, 113English, of the last century, 114 Tookes notions of, not original, 115reform of, not probable, 118. English, Mr Fowles reformed system of, reviewed, xxv. 151. Grammars, Greek, deficiencies of those in common use, xviii. 99 Herrmanns Greek Grammar, 100Matthims, ib. Thierschs, 10JButtmanns, ib.in what manner it should be taught, 103. Granite Point on Lake Superior, xxv. 342. Grant, Mrs, of Laggan, notice of, i. 193. Grassi, a Jesuit, his Present State of America, reviewed, xvi. ~229 et seqcaricatures and scandal originate with ourselves, 231 Catholicism not dangerous in a temporal view in America, 240 its utility when well administered, 241. Gratitiwe, the sentiment of, made the foundation of our sense of merit by 1)r Smith, viii. 383cases in which it cannot be so considered, 386. Gran il7ackc, account of this rock, xi. 235. Gravitation, resemblance of the laws of, to those of caloric, ix. 123. Gravity, Newtons theory of, xx. 309unimproved till the time of Euler, DAlembert, & c. 329. Gray, the poet, remarks on the writings of, viii. 307. Byrons remarks on, xiii. 462. 159 GENERAL INDEX. xxv.] Gray, Francis C., his Address before the Phi Beta Kappa Socie- ty, iii. 289. Gray, John C., his Oration before the 1~hi Beta Kappa Society, xiii. 478his remarks on the present state of American literature, ib.on the effects of a community of language with England, 479 et seq.every department of literature not occupied, ib. English models of style one advantage of a community of language, 481English criticisms, another, 482extended sphere of celebrity and usefulness, another, 484field of litera- ture left open for American cultivators, 485diffusion of ele- mentary instruction among our countrymen, ib.diffusion of refinement throughout a community not chimerical, 486im- portance of education to our country, 487literature a bond of union bet~veen our states, 488. Gray, Mr S., his work on population, alluded to, xvii. 289. Great Britain, public expenditure of, for 1814, ii. 168. Journal of a Tour and Residence in, by a Fren.ch Traveller, reviewed, ii. 242. territorial changes of, during the French revolu- tion, and the reign of Napoleon, vii. 49possessions of, as es- tablished at the peace in 1815, 58. See England. Grecian art, history of, xii. 178 et seq.Winckelman, Bottiger, 188Thiersch, 189island of iEginn, ib.Visconti, ib.- Millin, Quatr~mere de Quincy, 191Knight, ib. Greece, republics of, their example not favorable to small states iii. 409. medicine in, viii. 227state of the eurly inhabitants of, 228early medicine of, a divine art, 228and a heroic art, 229 Chiron, t~e first heroic physician of, 230practice of medi- cine in the temples of, 232physical constitution of the earliest inhabitants of, 237their education and manners, 238the government of, 239systems of philosophy in, 239. Modern, patronizes learning, x. 134whether its lan- guage be much corrupted, 277. sophists of, xiv. 286 et seq.Greek of the New Testa- ment, 397 et seq. character of the contest now waged there, xviii. 392, 400 monastic establishments in, 394character of the modern 160 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. Greeks misrepresented by travellers, 398they are entitled to sympathy as Christians, 399as a civilized and enlightened people, ib.as an enterprising and industrious people, 400- their independence might be the subject of a guarantee among the great powers, 402what has been done by the Greeks, in the present struggle, 404a translation of their constitution, 404 et seq.policy of acknowledging their independence, 413 proclamation of the Senate of Calamata, 415contributions in aid of the Greeks, 418missionary efforts, 419grounds of sympathy with the Greeks, 4522duty of this country toward them, 4523. Greece, the confederacy of its republics different from that of the United States, xx. 423their government in Homers time, 433. character of its ancient liberty, xxii. 163. prospects of the contest for the independence of, xxv. 40 small advantages gained by the enemies of, up to 1827, 40 rupture of Ali Pacha with the Porte, a fortunate circumstance for, 42prospect of interference by the powers of Europe in favor of, 46 et seq.natural alliance of, with Russia, 46 probable union of counsels for the termination of the war in, 50 present situation of the contest in, 52its consequences upon the population, 53want of a leader, 54sympathy of the world an encouragement, 56consequences of its subjection, 58obligation upon Christian countries to rise in the defence of, 60. Greek literature, professorship of, in Harvard University, i. 127. Greek language, Pickering on the Pronunciation of, ix. 92origin of the European pronunciation, ib.~cannot be ranked among the dead languages, 94peculiar circumstances which must have affected the spoken language, 95causes of its corruption, 97pronunciation of, probably has departed from the ancient standard, 99means of arriving at the original pronunciation of, considered, 100 et seq.Mr Pickerings learned remarks concerning, 105state of, in modern Greece, 110purity of that used in the church service, 111of the accents of, ib. Wyttenbachs remarks on the importance of understanding well, 414directions for the attainment of, 415on lexicons of, 416 Wyttenbachs description of his method of studying the, 419. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 161 Greek merchants, their advantages in carrying on the trade of the Black Sea, x. 174-.house of a Greek merchant at Joannina, de- scribed, 441. pronunciation, x. 272controversy relative to it, 274Mr Pickerings essay on this subject, ib.pronunciation of the Greek, in Europe, the Erasmian and Reuchlinian, 275objec- tions to the modern Greek pronunciation, answered, 280.the argument from errors in inscriptions, 23largument from oriental vowels, 290. and Latin languages, more perfect vehicles of thought than the modern tongues, x. 32. on studying it before the Latin, xi. 209 et seq.causes that delay the study of Greek, 2l0advantages of beginning with Greek, 214Greek and English Lexicon, 217. language, Mr Pickerings Memoir on its Pronunciation, praised, xvi. 51Dr Rushs acquaintance with it, alluded to,55. language, how it should be taught, xviii. 103. Reader, Jacobss, translated from the German, reviewed, xviii. 230its characteristics and value, 231. revolution, resistance of Ali Pacha to the Ottoman Porte among its first causes, xviii. 140. idiom of the New Testament, controversy as to its purity, xxiii. 35language, its varieties, 37dialect of each Grecian state, ib.amalgamation under Philip and Alexander of Mace- don, ib.dialect of Athens the standard of purity, 33further degeneration into the Byzantine, ib.and in Egypt and Asia Minor, 88 et seq.written language does not necessarily con- tain all the words spoken, 96. Lexicon of Schrevelius, English translation of, xxiv. 162.. its improvements on the original, 145its neat typographical execution, l46proper character of the dictionary of an an- cient language, ib.Greek and Latin Dictionary of Hadrian Junius, 143Thesaurus of Stephanus, ib.Lexicon of Hederi- cus, ib.revised by Ernesti, 150Lexicon of Schneider, 152 of Rierner, 153. frigates, pamphlets relating to the, reviewed, xxv. 33no- tice of the transactions relating to, 34character of these 21 162 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. transactions, 35conduct of the counsel in the case of, 36ex.- orbitant demands of the arbitrators in the case of, 38personal outrages growing out of the controversy concerning, 39. Greeks, modern, their restoration supposed impracticable, xi. 280 modern Greek nobility at Constantinople, their wretched condi.. tion, 284. introduced system into geometry and astronomy, xii. 152 et seq.said to have derived their knowledge from the Indians, 166this fact disputed, 168Siga~an mound, 193Cyclopian walls, 195gateway of Mycen~, ib. early condition of, xviii. 395sources of the culture of the Greeks, 396Grecian mysteries, ib.heroic age of Greece, and the Trojan War, 397argument in favor of the reality of the heroic age, ib.analogy in our North American Indians il- lustrating the heroic age of Greece, in addition to the analogy of chivalry in former times in Europe, 398republican forms of government in Greece, 399Amphictyonic councils and Per- sian wars, 401constitutions of the Grecian states, 402judi- cial institutions, army and navy, 403orators; character of De- mosthenes, ib.sciences and arts, 406. See Heeren. Greeks, best works of the, produced during their independence, xix. 130their poets, orators, and philosophers7 still remain un- rivalled, 132. Greene, Gen., Caldwells Life of, reviewed, x. 183. Johnsons Life of, reviewed, xv. 416memoirs of, ib. et seq.ietters of, 422Luzernes remarks on, 458. urged an early declaration of Independence, xxiii. 457. Greenfield Hill, a poem, by Dr Dwight, vii. 352~ Greenland, and Other Poems, by James Montgomery, veviewed, ix. 276. Greenland, yearly supply of newspapers in, xii. 1. Greenleaf, Moses, Statistical View of the District of Maine, iii. 362 account of the work, 370divides the district into sections7 372his account of the amount of emigration in New England, 378of the commerce, manufactures, and wealth of Maine, 381 et seq.of the interior and value of land, 382 et seq.on the promotion of emigration to, 385 et seq. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 163 Gre enleaf, Simon, his Cases Overruled, & c., reviewed, xv. 65, 71. ______- his Reports of the Supreme Judicial Court in Maine, xxii. 27increase of law books, 23character of the work, 30cases cited, 31. Greenstone, abounding in New England, xi. 237. Greenwood, F. W. P., his Classical Reader, noticed, xxiv. 234. Gregory, Dr, his controversy with the Edinburgh physicians, i. 345. Grenada, city of, in Spain, xxiii. 127. Grenville, Sir Richard, attempts to colonize North America, xv. 35. Greville, Mr, extracts from Maxims, Characters, and Reflections by, i. 169character of himself, 172further extracts from, 353. Grey, Lord, Madame de StaI~ls character of, viii. 56. Griesbach, his New Testament, xv. 460his Prolegomena, cited, 470account of his labors on the New Testament, 479his opinion of Latinizing codices, 432number of manuscripts made use of by him, ib.his Symboke Critica~, 433his clas- sification of manuscripts, ib.rules for applying various read- ings, 485. Griffith, Thomas XV., his Annals of Baltimore, reviewed, xx. 99. Grimm, Baron de, Correspondence of, i. 28extract from the preface to the English edition of, 29various extracts from his work, observations on English domestic novels, and the want of materials for them in France, 30on the dissertation of the Abbe Pr6vost on the language and literature of Italy, 32 death of Montesquien, 36account of a vain and ridiculous author, 37 et seq.notice of the death and character of Fonta- nelle, 44 et seq.letter from Dr Franklin, 51and anecdotes of him, 53specimens of the friendships in Paris, 53death of Madame du Deffand, 54consequences of the drunkenness of an actress, 55Abke Millots military and political memoirs, 56anecdote of Voltaire, 196account of the Abb~ Trublet ib.of General Clerk, 199of Rousseau, 201tragical event at Lyons, 202death and remarkable character of M. Chatelmont, 202Colardeaus translation of Youngs Night Thoughts, 203 peculiarity of the French language, 204Rouelle, the chem 164 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. ist, 205anecdote of the Empress Catharine, 208cure for a consumption, 210Translation of Johnsons Life of Savage, ib. of his Life of Thomson, 211travels of M. Anquetil du Perron, and Sir William Joness letter to him, 212. his account of Don Paul Olivades, iv. 159. his remarks on the decline of the French tragedy, xiii. 227. Grimshaw, William, his books for schools, xxiv. 225. Griscom, Professor, his Travels in Europe, reviewed, xviii. 178 his work contains many practical details, 179his notice of Mrs Fry, 180visits Newgate prison with her, 181his ac- count of the High School of Edinburgh, 185notice of litho- graphy, 188his remarks on Lasteyries method of lithographic engraving, 190on hospitals, 191Pestalozzis school, ib. character of his work, 192. Gronovius, his Flora Virginia, xiii. 104. Grosvenor, Judge, his testimony with respect to the conduct of General Putnam in the battle of Bunker Hill, vii. 238. Grotius on the law of Peace and War, vi. 38. cited on usury, xii. 215. Wheatons eulogy on, xiii. 165. Growth of the Mind, xxiv. See Reed. Guanaxuato, value and present state of its mines, xx. 97. Guebres, sacred books of, translated by Anquetil, i. 212. Guest, George, his invention of letters for the Cherokee language, xxiii. 472. Guienne, M. de, author of the Preface to Pothiers Pandects, xiii. 4. Guipuscoa, company of, its institution and objects, xix. 179. Gulf Stream, use of the thermometer in its navigation, xxii. 8. Gun boats, efficiency of, in the defence of New Orleans, iii. 243. Guy Mannering, review of, i. 403compared with Waverley, ib. outline of the story of, 404 et seq.quotations from, 406 general character of, 435reported author of, 445. Gwillim, Mr, his remark relating to Lord Gilbert, xxiii. 7his edition of Bacons Abridgment, 8. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 165 H. Haarlem, siege of, vi. 183cruelties of the Spaniards after the surrender of, ib.reported heroism of the women of:, 184. Habeas corpus, writ of, recognised in the constitution of the Unit- ed States, xxii. 450. Hadad, a dramatic poem, xxii. See Hilihouse. Hadjee, a title assumed both by Mahometan and Greek pilgrims, xi. 289. Hadley, his quadrant, its origin, xx. 318. Hager, Dr, on Babylonian bricks, iv. 332. Haines, his collection of papers respecting canals, xiv. 233. Hakluyt, Richard, his translation of a Portuguese tract on Vir- ~inia and Florida, i. 5his opinions on the proper mode of treating the Indians, 6. cited, xv. 33active in colonizing America, 38. quoted concerning Nova Scotia, xix. 140. Hale, Enoch, his Boylston Medical Prize Dissertations, reviewed, xiv. 251venous injection, 258experiment upon himself, 259. Hale, Nathan, his MapL of New England, xxiii. 466. his Remarks on Rail Roads, xxiv. 475. Hale, Sir Matthew, his mode of delivering his decisions, vii. 195. his maxim relative to the corpus delicti, x. 431. xix. 477. an example of wonders wrought by a methodi- cal use of time, xx. 275. his character of Lord Rolle and of his Abridg- ment of Law, xxiii. 6. Hales, J. G., his Map of Boston and the Vicinity, v. 439. Halfax, in Nova Scotia, founded, xix. 147chooses two mem- bers to the provincial legislature, 152college established at, 154. Halkett, John, his work respecting the North American Indians, reviewed, xxii. 53its character, 108. Hall, Francis, Travels in Canada and the United States, re- viewed, ix. 135his character and merits as a tourist, 136~ his account of Nantucket, 138his account of the Cana 166 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. dian peasants, 139his route, ib.his sketch of Lower Cana- da, 141of the dread of innovation in that country, ib.of the hospitality of the Canadians, 146his account of the General Hospital of Quebec, 147his visit to the Mohawks, 149his account of their present state in Canada, 150his account of Tecumseh, 152his visit to the tomb of Washington, 153 and to Mr Jefferson, 154. Hall, Francis, his Present State of Colombia, noticed, xx. 441 the authors character, ib.quoted, 442 et seq. Hall~, his eulogium on Bichat, xv. 144. Hailer, opinion of, with regard to the priority of medicine, viii. 221. Halley, astronomer royal in 1719, xx. 320his extensive labors, 321his disinterestedness, 322return of his comet, 347. Hamburg, dissensions there relative to the version of the Lords prayer, x. 335. ~ bank of, plundered by Marshal Davoust, xxi. 271re- funded by Louis the Eighteenth, ib.its case considered by Baron de Nagell, 286refutation by Mr Everett, 271. Hamil, Bey, a powerful Turk in the Morea, x. 453. ilamilton, Alexander, mistakes relating to, in a French biographi- cal work, i. 330. his great services in establishing the national credit, ii. 362. letter of to General Wilkinson, vi. 103a sketch of his political opinions, 105his opinion of General Washington, 107coolness between him and Washington, 108. his Report on Manufactures, xvii. 428- his opinion of the defects and dangers of the old confederation of the United States, xxv. 255his letter to Washington on that subject, 256sketch of his opinion on the subject of a new constitution, 266. Hamilton, J., on the Gulf Stream, xxii. 7. Hamilton, Mrs, author of Letters on Education, i. 347. Hamilton, Richard Winter, curious extract from a Sermon of. ii. 168. Hampton Roads, high importance of, as a place of rendezvous and refuge in time of war, xxiii. 262. ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 167 Hancock, Governor, extract from his speech, xvi. 185his char- acter unduly qualified, 186. President of the Massachusetts convention for adopting the Federal Constitution, conciliatory proposition of, xxv. 274. Hannibal, xiii. 166 et seq. Hanno, the Carthaginian navigator and author, x. 227. Hanover, the kingdom of:, its university, x. 132. Hanoverian law of torture, xii. 210. Ilanse Towns, sea laws of xiii. 18. Happy temperament, on the, ix. 206. Harby, Isaac, his Discourse before the Reformed Society of Israel- ites, reviewed, xxiii. 67, 74notice of the author, 74his ac- count of the purposes of the society, 75of the past character of modern Israelites, 76complaints of his opponents, 79. Hardwicke, Lord, his opinion on the law of slavery in England, xiii. 45. ___________ on the administration of justice, xxii. 254, note. Hardy, trial of:, xxv. 383. Harem, x. 456. Harlan, R., his Fauna Americana, reviewed, xxii. 120ob- ject of the work, ib.its subjects classed, 121his careless- ness, 123confusion of names, 124animals peculiar to the old and new worlds, ib.to New Holland, 426faulty in the connexion and arrangement of species, 127confusion in the subdivisions, 128 et seq.faults of style, 131want of clear- ness from inattention to typographical arrangement, 132too ready to erect new genera and species, 134danger to Ameri- can science from this propensity, 135confusion arising from it, ib.his controversy with other naturalists, 136. Harmony in music, definition of, iv. 19. Harpe, La, xii. 265. Harper, General, his remarks on the utility of the plan of colo- nizing the free people of color in Africa, xviii. 59on their condition in this country, 62. his speech on the expediency of a canal from Pittsburg to Baltimore, xx. 99letter to Dr Woods on the edu- cation of free blacks, 194objects and success of the Coloni 168 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. zation Society stated, 195, 197principal dependence to be placed on the education of the rising generation, .197plan of a seminary formed for this purpose, 197, 199its advantages, 200. Harrington, a Tale, by Miss Edgeworth, vi. 160its object un- necessary in the present state of the world, 161sketch of the story of, with extracts, ibremarks on, 167 et seq. Harrington, his version of the Orlando Furioso, xix. 338 et seq. Harris, Thaddeus M., his Natural History of the Bible, reviewed, xix. 86characteristics and value of his work, 90 et seq. Harris, Mr, the greatest proficient in Oriental literature in Amer- ica, an engraver, xvi. 51. Harrison, W. H., Major General, Memoirs of, by Moses Dawson, noticed, xxi. 248. his vigorous and decisive campaign against the Indians, xxiv. 381his letter relating to charges contained in the Quarterly Review, 434. Hartley, the friend of Franklin, xiv. 165anecdote of, ib. Harvard University. See University. professorship of Greek Literature in, i. 127 longitude of, as ascertained by Mr Bowditch, 375proposed ob- servatory at, 377establishment of a professorship by Count Rumford in, 442appointment of professors in the Medical School of, 442. intelligence relating to, ii. 135, 281theolog- ical education in, 282. intelligence relating to, iii. 139, 287. intelligence relating to, iv. 140medical col- lege of, 284. intelligence relating to, vi. 146books pre sented to the library of, 286Botanic Garden of, Catalogue of the Plants in, 417circular letter relating to, 421. plan for the modelling of, vii. 274Ebeling library presented to, 283. ____________ library of, viii. 192state of, and means of en- larging, 194importance of an observatory at, 205Mr Thorn- dikes donation of the Ebeling library to, 203. library of, ix. 246. Harvest Festival, and Other Poems, noticed, xxiii. 460speci- mens, 461. I xxvi GENEflAL INDEX. 169 Harz mountains, described, xii. 268 et seq.-.-.excursion to, 270 et seq.Brocken, the sumniit of the Harz, described, 276dia- lects of, 278Biels cave, ib.Blankenherg, 279Rostrappe, 280superstitions, ib. et seq.Quediinberg, 281Ilsenberg, 283Oker, 284Goslar, ib.Ramelsberg mines, 287. Hase, his opinion of the Greek pronunciation, x. 276. Hasseiquist, his travels in Palestine for the purpose of studying the natural history of the country, xix. 87the Queen of Swe- den redeemed his papers, and had them arranged and published under the direction of LinnEeus, 88. Hassler, on the survey of the coasts of the United States, xxii. 9. Hauy, Abbe, i. 316. his opinions on crystallography, v. 417on arrangement in mineralogy, 425. Havre de Grace, account of the conflagration of, v. 157. Hawaii, Journal of a Tour round it, reviewed, xxii. 334size and population of the island, 335its condition when visited by the missionaries, 339overthrow of idolatry, 340causes leading to this event, ib.missionary stations, 344its volca- noes, 349affecting scene among the natives, 353. Hawaiian dialect, xxii. 354one of the five Polynesian, 355its sounds expressed by few letters, ib.every syllable ends with a vowel, 356specimens of the written language, 357 et seq. no words equivalent to many leading terms in the Scriptures, 360. Hawley, Jesse, his calculations respecting the great canal in New York, xiv. 245. Hayden, his Geological Essays, reviewed, xii. 134 et seq.theory of the alluvial district along the Atlantic coast of North Amer- ica, 136theory of deltas, 142theory of decomposition of rocks, 148character of his work, ib. Hayradin, xxii. See Barbarossa. Hayti, pamphlets relating to, i. 134. books relating to, reviewed, xii. 1 [2 et seq.condition of the slaves at the time of the revolution, 113remarks on the revolution, 115 et seq.its horrors, 116 et seq.exhortation of a slave to his compatriots, 1 [8divisions fomented by France, ib.intellectual powers of the blacks defended, 118 et seq.its 22 170 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. government, 119king Henry praised and vindicated, 120 the code-Henry, 122conduct towards other nations, ib.her troops, 124advancement in the useful arts, 125attention to agriculture, iball classes of men free, 126the monarchy feudal, 127confiscation of property of ex-colonists defended, ib.progress in civilization, 123 et seq.education, 129lan- guage, 130the late revolution, 132government of Petion and Boyer arbitrary, 133. Hayti, emigration to, xx. 203its government and prosperity, 203 et seqaspect of society, administration of its government, 209 state of education and schools, ib. its legislature, executive, and army, 210. Hayward, George, his Translation of Bichat, reviewed, xv. 132. Hazlitt, William, his Lectures on the English poets, reviewed, viii. 276subjects of his lectures, 281his omissions, ib.his general remarks on poetry, noticed, 282his remarks on Chau- cer, 284on Spenser, 286his notices of poetry, 290.his opinions of Pope, 291of Thomson, 298of Cowper, 300 of Bloomfield, 302of Swift, 304of Hannah More, 312of Campbell, 313of Crabbe, 318of Wordsworth, ib.~his char- acter as a writer and critic, 320. Head, F. B., his Journey across the Pampas, xxiv. 295agent of a mining company, 297does not inform us of the success of his expedition, ib.his account of other speculations, 298 and of the attempt to supply Buenos Aires with butter, ib. extent of his journey, ib.his account of the Pampas, 300of the modes of travelling, ib.description of the Gauchos, 301 visits the gold mines of La Carolina, 303his passage across the Andes, ib.account of the fall of a mule, 305passage of the region of snow, 306visit to the silver mine of San Pedro Nolasco, 307. Health of literary men, viii. 176course of education which will best promote it, 177. Heat. See Caloric. origin of, in combustion, examination of the theory of, vii. 430. Hebbe, his account of Fayal, xiv. 42. Hebrew Bible, printed at Constantinople and in the Levant, x. 10. I xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 171 Hebrew language, Professor Willards Grammar of, iv. 63au- thenticity of the vowel points of, 64controversy relating to them, ib.Professor Willards hypothesis, 67peculiar sim- plicity of the language, 68when it ceased to be a living lan- guage, ib.subsequent state of the language, 69advantage of the use of the points in the study of, 70in the pronunciation of, 71. Stuarts Grammar of:, reviewed, xiii. 473 et seq.how much attention bestowed on it in New England, ib. remarks on the study of, xiv. 51 et seq. 59. used in the Jewish liturgy, xxiii. 68proposal to use the English also, 69knowledge of, limited in America, 80increase of advantages for its study, 81idiom of, preva- lent in the Greek of the New Testament, 86degree of its in- fluence, 94.study of, necessary to understanding the character of the Jews, 102its strong claims to attention, 104. Hebrews, poetry of the, xix. 91. Heckewelder, John, his Account of the Indian Nations of Pennsyl- vania and the Neighboring States, reviewed, ix. 155his account of the emigration of the Lenni Lenape, 157and of their subse- quent history, 159 et seq.want of authority for his representa- tions of these events, 162his account of the Indian tradition of the first arrival of Europeans among them, 163his account of their religious notions, 171their education, ib.their inter- course, domestic life, and marriages, 172 et seq.his account of their opinions of the whites, 174of their food, dress, and traditions, 175character and value of his work, 178his cor- respondence concerning Indian languages, 179. the Indian historian, xv. ~58. cited, xix. 464. his character, xxii. 64his representations of the Indian character partial, 65errors noticed, 68. _________ his visionary views of the Indian character, xxiii. 166. Hedericus, his Greek Lexicon, xxiv. 150revised by Ernesti, ib. its immense success, 151. Hedge, Levi, Professor, his Elements of Logic, reviewed, iv. 78 first to introduce an account of the true method of reasoning 172 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. into a text-book, 84his work commended, 85his account of inductive reasoning, 88of analogical reasoning, 89. Hedge, Levi, Professor, hi~ Abridgment of Browns Philosophy, xxiv. 480. Heeren, A. H. L., his Life of Heyne, reviewed, ii. 201. his Politics of Ancient Greece, reviewed, xviii. 390high character of his writings, 391his remarks on the superiority of the European over every other race of men, ib. ascribes political and military superiority to the Europeans, 392 hints at the causes, 394 et s!q.on the religion of the Greeks, 396on the analogy between the heroic age of Greece and of modern Europe, 397on the republican forms of gov- ernment in Greece, 399on the authenticity of the poems of homer, ib. 400Persian wars and their consequences, 401 constitutions of the Grecian states, and political economy of the Greeks, 402judicial institutions, army and navy, 403char- acter of Demosthenes, ib.the authors wQrk calculated to ele- vate the standard of knowledge on the government and charac- ter of Greece, 406. Hciau, idol temple of the Sandwich islands, xxii. 347one built by Tamehameha, described, ib. llcidelberrr, University of, embassy from, to the Pope, iv. 157. Heineccius records some cases of confessions, x. 426. Heinsius, minister of William III, of Orange, account of, vi. 188. Hellak, a town near the ruins of Babylon, ii. l84its fertility, 185. Hellenistic dialect, x. 6what the modern Greeks understand by Hellenistic, ib. Helvetic republic, formation and dissolution of, vii. 51. Hemans, Felicia, Mrs, her Poems, reviewed, xxiv. 443state of public mind to which her poetry is adapted, 444has an exalt- ed idea of what a female writer should be, 449disadvantages of her literary career, 450account of her works, 451of The Skeptic, with quotations, 451, 453Vespers of Palermo, 454~ Siege of Valencia, ib.quotations from, 455The Forest Sanc- tuary, 457quotation from,, 455 et seq.character of her poe- try calm and serene, 460is feminine, 460the Hebrew Moth- er, 461Elysium, ib.her poetry generally known in America, 463. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 173 Hennepin, his account of Niagara, xv. 228, 231. Henry, king of Hayti, praised and vindicated, xii. 120his wife beloved as queen, 121discards the French language and sub- stitutes the English, 129. Henry, Don, voyages of discovery under his direction, xiv. 36 plants a colony at the Azores, 36 et seq. Henry, his account of copper tnines, xv. 238. Henry IV, of France, his character and reign, xix. 53. henry, Dr, his system of Chemistry, xxiii. 352. Henry, Patrick, Wirts Life of, reviewed, vi. 293, account of the birth and early years of, 297his ~arly marriage and occupa- tions, 298becomes a lawyer, 299his success in the contro- versy between the people and clergy of Virginia, 300his hab- its of life, 301his celebrated resolutions respecting the stamp act, 302splendor of his first appearance in Congress, 311 failure as a writer, 312his resolutions on defence of the col- ony, 313and extract from a speech in their defence, ib.his employment in a military capacity, 315is chosen governor, ib. takes part in the Virginia convention, ib.his opposition to the federal constitution, 316specimens selected from the speeches of, 317talents displayed by, 318his retirement from public life, 319his political opinions, and charge of apostacy from, ib. death and character, 320his excellence as an orator, 321 peculiar character of his eloquence, 322. anecdote of, vii. 224. commencement of the Revolution ascribed to the resolutions of, in the Virginia legislature, ix. 378compared with James Otis, 401. Heraclitus, the weeping philosopher, surnamed Obscure, xviii. 242. Herbelot, his Biblioth~que Orientale, x. 11. Herbert, Lord, the founder of modern deism, vii. 366. Herculanean manuscripts, Dr Sicklers method of unrolling, vi. 409. xii. 386. _______________ xiv. 296 et seq.discovery and appear- ance of, 299 et seq.Philodemus, 301 et seq.Epicurus, 296, 301, 308method of unrolling, 301Mr Hayters attempts to unrol them, 303Dr Sicklers method, 305 et seq.Sir H. 174 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Davys attempts, 308reflections on their preservation, ib. et seq. Herculaneum, account of, and of the discoveries there, xiv. 297 et seq. Hercules, Dying, of Mr Morse, i. 441. Herder, John G., his works reviewed, xx. l38character of his mind, his excellence as a translator, his other works, 138, 140 kindness and humanity of his character and feelings, 140 his birth and education, ib. et seq.his early works, prudence in the expression of his opinions, 141their reception, 142 extent of his acquirements, ib.his writings in theology, ib.his election to a professorship at G5ttengen, negatived by George III, 143invited by the Duke of Weimar to his court, ib.his labors there and death, ib.character of his prose writings, 144 his influence on the age, ib.his collection and translation of popular songs of all nations, ib.insertion of two of them, 145 et seq. Heresy, punishable by death, under the colonial code, xvii. 89. Hermes Trismegistus, medicine of, viii. 223. Herodotus, his theory of the overflowing of the Nile, i. 163. Wyttenbachs character of, ix. 197. quoted, xiii. 155 et seq. his History among the first books to be read by stu..~ dents in Greek, xviii. 105. heroic age in Greece, xviii. 397analogous to the age of chivalry in modern Europe, ib.and to the character and manners of the North American Indians, 398. Herrera, his imputation on Vespucci, controverted, xii. 330mis- taken, 335. _______ his charge against Las Casas, xiii. 162 et seq.his char- acter for authenticity, 163 et seq.Stevenss translation of; 165. Herschel, Dr, his theory of spots on the sun, iii. 38. account of him, x. 270. his astronomical instruments, xx. 319observations on the surfaces of the heavenly bodies, double stars, & c. 326 et seq. Herschel, the planet, vi. 220. Herrmann, x. 261on the pronunciation of Greek, 276. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 175 Herrmann, his Greek Grammar, xviii. 100his work on the .Me- tres, ib.his edition of Vigerus on the Greek Idoms, ib.his character as a critic, ib. his examination of the probable antiquity of the poems ascribed to Orpheus, xxi. 390. liesse Cassel and Hesse Darmstadt, have universities, x. 132. Heyne, Christian Gottlob, Life of, by Heeren, ii. 201rank of, among literati, ib.difflculties of his early life, 202poverty of his parents, ib.his education at school, 203at the universi- ty, 205removal to Dresden, ib.his extreme want, ib.his first works, 206acquaintance with John Winkelman, ib.ad- ventures and misfortunes during the seven years war, ib. made profesor at Gdttingen, 209his literary habits, ib.his labors as librarian, 211his editions of the classics, 212of Homer, and review of Wolfs edition, 213his private life, 214 his death and funeral, 216. ______ xii. 189. Hieroglyphical columns, the records of science, xii. 161. Highland orators, account of, i. 284. High School of Edinburgh, monitorial system of education in, xviii. 185described by Professor Griscom, 186. Hilihouse, A. L., his remarks on the olive, xiii. lOOtranslation of Michaux, ib. ililihouse, J. A., his Hadad, reviewed, xxii. 13the scene favora- ble, 14the subject bold, 15several passages cited, 17 et seq. high character of the work, 25a few faults, 26. _____ his Oration. before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, xxiv. 129his subject, 137his distinction of poetry, into the Classic, Romantic, and Scriptural schools, l37opinion of Scripture as affording materials for the poet, 139. Hindmarsh, a disciple of Swedenborg, passages from, xii. 91, 92,94. .Uindoos, religious opinions of, vi. 386the pure docrines of the sacred books of, 388religious worship, 390arguments used by in support of idolatry, ib.college of, at Calcutta, 418. history of medicine and surgery among, viii. 226. inconsistency of the religious and political character of, ix. 38their belief in the unity and perfections of God, ib doctrine of some of the sects of, concerning the nature of Deity, 176 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. 39and of the universe, 40the popular religion of, polythe- ism, 42docrine of the Trimurti or Trinity of; ib.imrnense number of the subordinate deities of, 47anecdotes of the dei- ties of, 48worship of, compared with that of Greece and Rome; 49their familiarity with their gods, 50their belief in genii and giants, ib.their belief in metempsychosis, 52 their mythology leads to belief that all religion originated in revelation, 53their division into casts, 54into casts of the right hand and of the left hand, 56exclusion from cast the greatest punishment among, ib. Hindoos, mental advancement of, xx. 433. their alphabet, xvii. 8. Hinicley, Edward, his remark on laying the corner-stone of the Baltimore Athenmeum, xx. 138. Hints to My Countrymen, by an American, xxiii. 467. Hippak, a fortification in New Zealand, xviii. 338. Hipparchus, the fou.pder of astronomy, xii. 153. Hippocrates, curious manuscript of the Aphorisms of, vi. 2852. physicians of the name and family of; viii. 241ac- count of the most remarkable one of this name, ibof his works, 242. the physician, distinguished as a philosopher, xviii. 242. Hippolito, Cardinal, his reply to Ariosto on receiving the Orlando Furioso, xix. 360. Historians, manner in which they have treated the subject of war, vi. 37. Historical evidence, principles of; vii. 368Dr Chalmers chapter on, commended, 373. Historical romance, new materials for, xv. 250 et seq. Historical societies in the United States, viii. 414. Historical Society, Massachusetts. See Society. New Hampshire, collections of the, noticed, xx. 448. _________ of New York, Collections of the, xxiv. 216. History, American, materials for, xxiii. 275their loose condi- tion, 276means of preserving, 277importance of historical societies for this purpose, 286deficiency of public libraries, 287proper objects for preservation, 289revolutionary docu xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 177 ments, ib.a collection of the statutes of the colonies, ib. paucity of public colonial manuscripts, 291materials for colo- nial history in a public office in Great Britain, 292revolution- ary materials, ib.letters of Paul Jones, ib. History, Ancient and Modern, Worcesters Elements of, xxiii. 41want of such a work, 42character of Tytlers Elements, 42 et seq.of Whelpleys Compend, 44of Worcesters Ele- ments, 46mode of studying history, 48true source of its in- terest, 58. New Universal, by Dr Ramsay, proposed, i. 443. and ancient literature, papers on, in the transactions of the Institute for 1813 and 1814, ii. 55. _______ influence of the study of, iii. 290writers of, that should be preferred, 291importance of that of New England, 293. ______ of the United States, by Dr Rainsay, vi. 331continu- ance og by Dr S. S. Smith and others, 340. observations on the writing of, xiii. 169 et seqancient historians, 109what is required in modern historians, 170best periods for an historian, 171histories of recent events, 172. of the New England colonies, xv. 22 et seq.of New Eng- land, distinguished into periods,. 33of voyages to North America, 33 et seq.of attempts to colonize North America, 35remarks on the study of, 456. ______ of the United States, noticed, xxii. 229. of the Jews, its relation to the interpretation of the New Testament, xxiii. 98civil, Lord Bacons remarks on, 275 causes of its imperfection, ibdifficulties of the task, 276.of Democracy in the United States, 304. of New England, by John Winthrop, xxiv. 23of our country neglected, ib.and why, 24of the American colo- nies before the Revolution, deficiency of materials for, 214 ingenious attempts of some writers to disguise the facts of 287. province of, xxv. 195compared with worksoffiction, ib.uncertainty of:, 196Sir Robert Walpoles remark con- cerning, ib importance of a knowledge of political economy to the understanding of, 411. 178 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voi~s. Hitchcock, Edward, his Discourse on the Utility of Natural His- tory, xviii. 213. Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice, xiii. 260 et seqhis conduct in the case of commendams, 5268. his opinion on a point of commercial law, quot- ed, xx. 57. Hobbes, the first in modern times to assail the genuineness of the Pentateuch, xxii. 303. Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times, notice of, xix. 2652. reviewed, xxi. 86its story faulty, 86 et seq.characters well drawn, 87quoted, 87 et seq.delineation of Indian character, 90quoted, 90, 94its reputation injured by its ca- tastrophe, 94 et seq. xxii. 400. Hodgson, Mr, his Journey in America, reviewed, xviii. 22ltopics discussed by him, 525252his remarks on emigration, ib.r~pre- sentations of the difficulties to be encountered by emigrants in Canada, 52523his loose mode of narrating his adventures, ib. his tour through the Southern states, 52524describes a Southern inn, 52525his account of the immense numbers of turkeys in Norfolk 52526remarks on the patrician families in South Caro- lina, ibpatrician young ladies, 2527his adventures from Charleston to New Orleans, 52528goes up the Mississippi in a steam-boat to Natchez, 52529sees the governor of Mississippi, and makes reflections on the manners of our republican gover- nors, ib.tells frightful stories about the cruelty of masters to slaves, 5230his credulity, ib.his adventures from Portland to Portsmouth, 5231describes the court of justice at Portsmouth, ib.--his ingenious mode of classifying the inhabitants of the United States, ib .characteristics of the classes, 2352his ami- able temper and honest intentions, 233. Hoffman, David, his Course of Legal Study, reviewed, vi. 45ob- ject of his work, 63his directions with regard to the beginning of the studies of, 64his hints on the method of pursuing them, 66his division and arrangement of the study of law, 67his re- marks on the reading of reports, 68his work recommended 76. his lectures on law, xiii. 341. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. I4~, Hogg, James, his Queens Wake, reviewed, ii. 103his dedica- tion, ib.his introduction of barbarous and obsolete terms, 109. his works, reviewed, ix. 1original cause of the re- ception of his poems, 1his education and genius for poetry, 2 his change of occupation not a desirable one, 5doubtful influ- ence of such a change on the character, 6 his Queen~ Wake, 7his story of Kilmeny, quoted, 7his Pilgrims of the Sun, 11 quotations from it, 12 et seq.his character as a poet, 15and probable fortune, 16his attempt as a novelist, ib.annlysis of the story of his Brownie of Bodsbeck, 17with quotations, 18 et seq.his supposed imitation of Scott, 22. Holbacit, Baron, his conversion to Atheism, xii. 257his wri- tings, 258anecdote of, 259. Holbein, his paintings, xv. 356. Holland, Van der Palms account of the revolution of 1813 in, vi. 173origin of its distinct existence as an independent state, 179desperate state of affairs on the first union of the provin- ces of, 180gradual progress of, to independence and power, 181violent hatred of the Spaniards by the inhabitants of, 182 political dissensions in, 184rise of the Arminian party in, 185 et seq.administration of, by De Witt, and the cause of his ultimate downfall, 186reign of William III in, 188office of stadtholder vacant from his death to 1748, 189troubles and dissensions arising in, after the American war, 189quelled by the interference of Prussia, 190existence of a strong re- publican party in, 191interference of France in the affairs of, 192Louis Bonaparte made king of, 193termination of the French influence in, with the downfall of Bonaparte, l95rev- olution takes place, 197events occurring during the revolu- tion, 199formation of a new government in, 202kingdom of the Netherlands formed by the Congress of Vienna, 2O3a knowledge of the history of, recommended, 2O4commercial wealth and importance of, ib.literature of, ib. ______ establishment of the kingdom of, in 1806, vii. 50. ______ revival of the national spirit of, ix. 77literature of, probably suffered from employing a foreign language, 79want of originality among the writers of, ib.character of its arts op~ 180 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLs. posite to that of its literature, ib.Mirabeaus commendation of one the writers of, SOpolicy and conduct of, in the New World, 85. Holland, supposed by some of the learned to be the Elysian Fields, xi. 271. _______ origin of the claim of the United States against, xxi. 278 its treatment of the claim for indemnity, 279independence of its government under Louis Bonaparte, 280diplomatic dis- cussion of the claim, 279 et seq.arguments on which the re- fusal of indemnity is founded, 290its struggles for freedom, 293erected into a kingdom by Napoleon, ib.formed, with Belgium, into the kingdom of the Netherlands, 294 et seq. ______ state of the population in, according to Malthus, xxv. 142. Holmes, Abiel, notice of his American Annals from a German publication, vi. 272. flolt, Lord, his doctrine of bailments, vi. 46. his denial of the negotiability of promissory notes, xx. 49. Holy Alliance, character of the, vi. 41. its character and purposes, xxii. 163its aspect upon South America, 169. Home, Sir Everard, his experiments on the course of fluids from the stomach to the bladder, xiv. 253. Homer, Heynes edition ~f, ii. 213controversy on the authentici- ty of, ib.Wolfs edition of, reviewed by Heyne, 214. cited, xii. 193. his use of the word barbarian, xiii. 155. theories of the German School respecting, xiv. 279his comparative freedom from indelicacy, 291singular fate of his poems, 309. the question of the authenticity of his poems, discussed, xviii. 309Odyssey to. he read in the early stages of the study of the Greek language, 104remarks on his poems, ib. Homicide, singular Mahometan law concerning, v. 29. the law concerning it in America, xi. 114how regard- ed by the civil law, 116. lionorius 111, ~ prohibits teachiiit~ the civil law in Paris, xiii. 7. ixxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 181 Hontan, Baron de Ia, his Travels in North America, noticed, ii. 148his account of the indians, 149plan of an expedition, ibdialogue with an Indian, ib. Hooft, a Dutch historian, commended by Mirabeau, ix. 80. Hooke, xii, 158. Hooker, x. 19his Ecclesiastical Polity, 24. his remark on law quoted, xxiv. 345. Hoole, his aspersions of Fairfax, xiv. 88, et seq.reniarks on his translation of rrasso 89 et seq. hope, Mr, his Anastasius, its minute fidelity to the actual state of the countries its scenes lie in, xv. 283. hopkins, Squire, Mr J-Jo~ves account of, iv. 93a benefactor of Harvard college, 94. Hopkins, Dr Samuel, poetical character og vii. 203. Ilopkinson, Judge, his biography, xvi. 192letter from, 193. Ilopkinton, Mr Howes Century Sermon at, iv. 93. horace, translation of an ode of, iii. 343. ______- translation, Book I. Ode 2, v. 334and Ode 9, 336. ______- quoted by Pitt, xiv. 160. Home, Mr, his Introduction to the Study of the Scriptures, review- ed, xvii. 130 et seq.intended as a manual for the biblical stu- dent, 130account of the work, 132of the genuiness and inspiration of the scriptures, 132, et seq.documents supposed to have been employed by Moses, 133discussion of the prin- ciples of interpretation, 135geography and antiquities of the Scriptures, 138necessity of an acquaintance with the Oriental languages to the biblical critic, 141. home Tooke, some particulars of the trial of, xxv. 383his fear- less and in dependent conduct, 384testimony of Major Cart- wright to his character, 385his opinion on representation, 386. hiorneinann, the African traveller, xviii. 89. Homer, Dr, on the temperature of the sea, xxv. 25. Hornsby, publishes a table of fixed stars deduced from the obser- vations of Bradley, xx. 310delays the publication of his com- plete labors, 311. hfortense, queen, anecdote rCs~)ecting, xv. 35~. ilioruc, xxii. See Bcularossa. 182 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Hosack, his Memoir of Williamson, reviewed, xi. 31 et seq.en- titled to credit for bringing to public knowledge the author of the disclosure of the Hutchinson letters, 37. Hospital in Boston, proposed, iv. 284. Hospitals in London, account of the manner of treating patients in, ii. 253. Hospodar of Wallachia, account of that dignity, xi. 290. House-breaking, law concerning, xix. 393. Howard, remarks of, on management of prisons, ix. 310on the employment of female superintendents for female prisoners, 319. Howard, Lord, a witness against Russell and Sydney, xiv. 97 et seq. Howe, Admiral, Lord, his zeal in endeavoring to prevent the American revolution, v. 303. - anecdote of, xxv. 372. Howe, Nathaniel, his Century Sermon at Hopkinton, reviewed, iv. 93singular character of his discourse, ib. Hoyt, E., his Antiquarian Researches, noticed, xxi. 234his noti- ces of Indian wars, 235, 236. Hubbard, William, his History of New England, publication of, i. 445. ______ his History of New England, ii. 221his remarks on the origin of the aboriginal Indians, quoted, 224 his character of John Robinson, quoted, 225of Brewster, 226his account of some early inflictions of punishment, 226 of memorable accidents in New England, 227of witchcraft, 229. his narration of the Indian wars in New En- gland, iii. 4. Hucumarimi, decisive battle of, xx. 306 et seq. Hudson, Henry, Captain, his voyages of discovery to America, viii. 77. __________________~ his voyages and discoveries, ix. 84sup- posed Indian tradition of his arrival inAmerica, 163. Hudsons Bay company, books relating to, noticed, ii. 9. Huerter, the planter of the first colony in Fayal, xiv. 35, et seq. flag, professor at Friburg, a Catholic, x. 13. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 183 Huger, F. K. assists Dr Bollmann in his attempt to rescue Lafay- ette, xx. 166is taken by the Austrians, l67trial and escape, 168. Hughes, Mr, hits travels in Greece, and account of Au Pacha, xviii. 108. Iliuguenots, the French, their attempts to find an asylum in Amer- ica, viii. 435. hull, General William, his Memoirs of the Campaign of the North- western Army in 1812, noticed, xx. 226. acquitted in the public opinion, xiv. 450 his revolutionary character and services, ib. Hulseman, J. G., his History of Democracy in the United States, xxiii. 304its object and execution, ib...preface by another hand, ibemanates from the Austrian cabinet, 3O5asserts an essential hostility between European and American principles, ib.professed impartiality, ib.disapproves the toleration of the liberals in Europe, 3O6proposition with regard to ne~v Ameri- can governments, 3lOrecommends emigration to the liberals, 311bad faith of this recommendation, 312. Humbert, his extraordinary success in Ireland, xxiv. 342. Humboldt, Baron W. his work on the Basque language, xiv. 134, 143. Humboldt, Baron A., xii. 433. his remarks on a canal across the isthmus of Panamh, xiv. 424 et seq.on the population of Mexico, 427 et seq.on the mines of Mexico, 431 et seq.his account of the mine Valenciana, 432 et seq.Mr Blacks translation of, 435 his account of the establishments for science and the fine arts at Mexico, ib.statistical statements respecting Mexico, 436. his works, reviewed, xvi. 1 et seq.his birth, 2 projects a voyage to Egypt, 3a voyage of circumnavigation, ib.conceives the project of exploring the alpine region of cen- tral Africa, ib.r~pairs to Spain, 4is presented to the king, and obtains permission to explore the Spanish colonial posses- sions, ib.M. de Humboldts collection of instruments excel- lent, 6explores New Andalusia, 7repairs to Cuba, ib. departs for the western coast of South America, and arrives at Quito, ib.projects an expedition to the heights of the Andes, 184 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. ib.repairs to Lima, ib.to New Spain, ib.his Political Es- say on New Spain, described, ib. et 12arrives at Philadelphia, ib.prepares triplicates of his specimens, 9account of his works, 13 et seq.his Personal Narrative, described, 22ex- tracts from the last volumes of; 25 et seq. Humboldt, Baron A., on the gold and silver of Chile, xviii. 298 quoted on the potato, 300. Hume, his opinion of the effects of government upon arts and sci- ence, i. 399. his remark on Shakspeare, ii. 234. the author of the metaphysical objection to Christianity, vii. 367. his definition of merit, viii. 3S5. his quarrel with Rousseau, xii. 263his theory of cause and effect, examined, 419character of:, by Dr Brown, 426. mistake of:, respecting Florida, xiii. 93. quoted, xv, 27 et seq.his disposition, 29his plan of a commercial dictionary, 331used to meet the French atheists at Baron Holbachs, 328. quoted, xix. 303. his attempt to demonstrate that arts and science and re- fineinent can only take their rise under a free government, xx. 418specious and probable, but unsupported by any substan- tial historical testimony, 419. Humidity of the Western country, iii. 225. humphrey, Rev. President, his Address before the Amherst Insti- tution, xviii. 407. Humphrcys, David, his Discourse on the Agriculture of Connect- icut, iv. 98. ______ his character as a poet, vii. 203extracts from his Life of Putnam, 252 et seq. _______ minister to Portugal, xxii. 420frames a treaty with Algiers, ib. Humphtreys, Charles, on the science of the law, xix. 478. hungarian deputies, emperor of Austrias speech to, xiv. 364 et seq. Hunt, Leigh, his Story of Rimini, reviewed, iii. 272his remarks on Pope, quoted, 275his self-complacency and faults, 282. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 185 Hunter, Dr John, compared with Bichat, xv. 161. Hunter, John D., his Narrative of a Residence among the In- dians, reviewed, xxii. 53praised by the Quarterly Review, 94 errors of that Review exposed, 95 et seq~his whole story proved to be an imposition, 101 et seq.his residence with the Osages impossible, 101his visit to the Pacific impossible, 102 his description of Indian manners false, 104letters proving him to be an impostor, 105 et seq. Hunter, William, his Oration on the 4th of July, 1326, xxiii. 453-- his illustration of the character of the first settlers of Rhode Island, 454and of its revolutionary spirit, 455. Iluntley, Lydia, her Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse, reviewed, i. illher circumstances and character, ib.extracts from her poems, 1P2their merits, 119. Huron, one of the original languages of the Indians, radically dif- ferent from the Sioux, xxii. 74. Hutc/iinson, Governor, his many offices enumerated, xvi. 341. xxii. 195. Hutchinson, Mrs, schism occasioned by,ii. 227. Hutton, Dr, his theory of the earth, stated, viii. 400Playfairs answer to some objections to, 401. Huygens, xii. 158. Hydraulics, difficulties attendant upon, viii. 14discovery of the basis og 17experiments and researches of different writers re- lating to, 13notice of works relating to, 20importance of the knowledge of, 23. Hydriotes, their commerce, xvii. 399. Hymn of the Moravian Nun.s at the Consecration of Pulaskis Banner, xxii. 439. Hyperion, essays of Quincy under this signature, xxii. 183quot- ed, 185. 24 1 SG NORTH AMERICAN REVTE~~ 1. Iambic verse, on the use of trisyllabic feet in, ix. 426. Iberville, sent to explore the mouth of the Mississippi, xiii. 77. lichneumon, The, an Essay on Politics (luring the war of 1812, ii 378extracts from, 379 et seq. ictinus, xii. 183. Ideal, The, in poetry, thought by the continental critics the high- est excellence, xvi. 133this opinion controverted, ib. ideas, innate, doctrine of, refuted by Aristotle, xviii. 251. identity, personal, i. 14. Idiom, Greek, of the New Testament, xxiii. 85causes of its de~ parture from the true standard, 89. Idle Alan, reviewed, xiv. 334, 340 et seq. idolatry, amongst the Israelites, xxii. 297in the Sandwich IsV ands, 340. ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, account of, v. 26his first disciples in Paris, 309his first enterprise, ib.assumes a name for his order, 310receives the approbation of the Pope, ib.and extended privileges, 311his character and the spirit of his order, in opposition to the spirit of Christianity, 312. privileges obtained by him from the Popes for the Jesuits, vi. 129claim laid by him to inspiration, 130 defeated in his attempt to introduce his Society at Salamanca, 132his directions to the Jesuits at Alcala, l33attempts the introduction of his order at Paris, 405. illinois, Birbecks Letters from, viii. 347advantages of the situa- tion and soil of, 360. and Indiana, disposition of many of the inhabitants to in- troduce slavery, xx. 206insecure abodes for free blacks, 207 evasions of law in relation to slaves, ib.particular instance of outrage, 206 and 208. tribes of Indians, xxii. 84. imagination, elements of the, xix. 30. Imitation, province and use of, vi. 380. Immanuel, R., his commentary valued at its weight in gold, x. 11 I xxv.] GENERAL iNDEX. 1 t37 limmortality of the soul, Dr Browns argument for, & c. xxi. 32 et seq. improvement, expectation of, characteristic of the present age, xxiv. 56checks to it arising from the boundaries and succes- sive stages of life, 57how these operate, 57 et seq.checks and obstacles of various other kinds, 59absolute progress not- withstanding them, 61important to entertain a proper appre- hension of human powers and the objects to which they should be applied, ib.progress of science accelerated by the princi- ples of Bacon, 62. Improvisation, its frequency among the Italians, xix. 387. improvisatori, xv. 324 et seq. Incas, hereditary rulers of Peru, xx. 283insurrection of the Inca Tupac Amaru, ib. inchiquins Letters, review of, in the Quarterly, noticed, i. 61 and 69authorship of the review denied by Mr Southey, 442. India, J. B. Dubois Description of the Manners and Customs of; ix. 36character of the work, 37sketch of the early his- tory of; ib.sketch of the religious notions of the people of, 38 et seq. (See Hindoos.) India trade, supposed unfavorable nature of, 224balance of, proved not to be against us, 226. its knowledge of astronomy, xii. 162 et seq.account of the duration of the world, 163method of calculating eclipses, ib.ignorance respecting the moon, ib.pride, ib.astronom- ical tables, 164age of its astronomical books, 168arith- metic and algebra, 169. Inhan languages (North American), strong tendency to combina- tion of words, xxii. 76exemplified, 77do not want the sub- stantive verb, 8~2words appropriated to the sexes, ib.diffi- culty of classifying the dialects, 83errors of Adelungs Sur- vey, 84 et seq.resemblances and differences, with examples, 87 et seq.significancy of the proper names, 359, note. indian summer of Ohio, iii. 224. indian wars in New England, iv. 5. Indiana, examination of mounds in, vi. 137. . See illinois. Indians, American, method of treating, recommended by Hack- luyt, i. 6characteristic notices of, in Florida, 10barbarous 188 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. treatment of by Dc Soto, 12notices of several chiefs of, 160 oral literature of, 313peculiar manners and language of, ib. Indians, American, M. de Paus account of, ii. 2Pernetys answer to, 3anonymous defence of, in opposition to M. de Pau, 4present degraded condition, no likeness to the orig- inal state of, 19vices and virtues of, 20account of the wars of some tribes of, ib.their customs in war not more barbarous than those of many Christian nations, 22Indians of Mashpee, 112their situation and character, 113their morals, 114 their religion, 115and superstitions, ib.singular fable relat- ed by them, 116exertions made for their improvement inef- fectual, 117their incapacity for civilization, 118of Nan- tucket, account of, 121their rude and uncultivated state, ib. wars among, and story relating to, l22conversion of, to Christianity, considered, 146far-sighted views and policy of the French government with regard to, 152contrasted with that of England, ib.origin of, considered by Mr Hubbard, 224of Peru, customs of, 295of Chile, ib. ____________ Eastern, Wars of, with New England, iii. 1 Wars of, in New England, hubbards Narrative of, 4notice of some of their sachems, 5capture of one, 6condition of their women, 7antiquities and remains of, in the Western region of the United States, 226treatment of, by the New England colonists, 294. of New England, described, iv. l6Osages. account of, 116Ankara, 121Mandan, 124of Virginia, their dress, 148their manner of burying their dead, 149. of Marthas Vineyard, tradition of, v. 318 their present condition, 319project of improving, 320. of New England, hostility of, to the colonists, viii. 88war with those of the Pequot tribe, ib great de- struction and final extinction of this tribe, 90 et seq.cruelty towards, of the English, 93supposed plot of, with the Dutch, for the massacre of the English colonists, 96speech of, to Governor Clinton, 422. of Pennsylvania, Heckewelders Account of, ix. 155their origin and contest with the Alligewi, 157their sub- sequent history, 159 et seqtheir complaints of the treatment xxv.] GENER& L INDEX. 189 of the whites, 166their ruin and degradation in consequence of the settlement of Europeans; 167right of Europeans to obtain their lands, ib.conscientious treatment of, by many of the English colonists, 168policy of the United States toward, 170 Mr Heckewelders favorable representation of them, ib. (See Lenni Lenape.)the languages of, 179 (See Languages) origin of, Sanfords account of, 358resemblance of some tribes of, to those of Asia, 360. Indians, American, their right to the soil, discussed, xi. 94caus- es of their disappearance, 96importance of collecting their traditions, 97description of a party of vagrant Indians in the neighborhood of Boston, 98Discourse on the Religion of the Indian tribes, by Dr Jarvis, reviewed, 103increasing attention to the subject of the Indians, ib.its causes, 104the religion of the Indian tribes, 105 et seq.whether the Indians are de- scended from the Ten Tribes of Israel, 108want of a syste- matic orthography in the Indian languages, 110the impor- tance of their study, 113. ~ their languages, xiv. 135 et seq.purchases from, 388. their mode of writing, xv. 240considered as materials for poetry and romance, 253anecdotes of them, 242, 244, 247, 396 et seq. 418 et seq. _____________ their character and relation to the white pop- ulation, discussed, xvi. 32 et seq.the substitution of a civ- ilized for an Indian population not a melancholy spectacle, 36 et seq.thirty Indian churches formerly at one time near Bos- ton, 38. their written characters compared to the Chi- nese, xvii. 8. their singular appearance in the army of southern Chile, xviii. 312North American, have some resemblance in their manners and character to the heroes of Grecian Antiquity, 398. condition of them, in South America, xix. 198 cruel treatment of the Spaniards towards them, 199exer- tions of Las Casas, in their favor, ib.subject to a capitation tax, 200barbarously oppressed by the utita, 201their con- 1 9() NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. dition described by Funes, 202defrauded by the officers ap- pointe(l to govern them, 204Sketches of the history of, 463 no grounds of complaint or regret, that their place is occupied by civilized man, 464a philosophical history of them desirable, 465. 1fl(lians, American, their state on the discovery of the continent, xxii. 53little progress made in acquaintance with their character and institutions, S4jugglers and prophets, ib.laws and administration of justice, 55anecdotes, 58the Catholic missionaries the earliest writers, 57Charlevoix, 56little done by the British colonies, ib.question of their descent from the Israelites, ib.difflculty of becoming familiar with them, 59 incompetency of interpreters, ib.light thrown on the sub- ject by Governor Clinton and Mr Schoolcraft, 60Major Longs expeditions, 61the totem described, 63Heckewelders ac- counts of the Indian character examined, 64Indian langua- ges, 73examination of Du Ponceaus philological remarks, 74 difficulty of understanding and arranging the languages; ex- amples and illustrations, 79 et seq.traditionary legend of the Foxes, 93imposture of John D. Hunter, 44decrease of the Indian population, not to be attributed wholly to the faults of white men, but to natural causes, and their established habit~i, 108power of abstinence and repletion, 109effect of the de- struction of game, 110of small-pox, and ardent spirits, ib. of their ceaseless hostilities, 111tribes beyond the influence of the whites have decreased as well as others, ib.reflections on their present state, 112efforts for meliorating their condition, by the French, 114by the United States, 115how far likely to be successful, ib.removal not likely to benefit them, 117 hereditary enmities, ib.what steps seem to promise the best result, 119. adapted to romance, xxiii. 166delinea- tion of, by Mr Cooper in the Last of the Mohicans, ib.not strictly natural, 167adoption of their habits and manners by many whites, 171characteristic incident, 178their trail hunting, 181exaggerated by Mr Cooper, 183various scenes in which the Aboriginals appear, 184 et seq.character of Chin- ~achgook, as it appears iii the Pioneers, 195. See Aborigines. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 191 Indians, American, of New England, their treatment by the Pil- grims, xxiv. 30of the West India Islands, their amiable char- acter as described by Columbus, 276sold as slaves by him in Spain, 278parts taken by different tribes of, in the contests between England and France, 365relat~ation of their exer- tions, 366calamitous consequences of the contest to them, 367they justly appreciated the real motives of the belligerents, ib.advantages from their cessions and sacrifices, 369their ac- tual relation with the British Government., ib.nature of the treaties between them, ib.first introduction of the plan of per- mnnent annuities to them, ib.cruel treatment og by the Brit- ish, 370attempt of Congress to prevent their taking part in the American revolution, 371provisions of Congress for their improvement and security, ib.passions which lead them to war, 372horrible customs of the Man-eating Society, ib.but two serious occupations of the Indians, 373their war dance, ib.taking of scalps and general conduct in war, 375employ- ed by the British, though not under their control, 376their ravages in the Revolutionary war, ib.Canadians constituted officers of them, -377their refusal to undertake an expedition for the British, 378encouraged by the British in their modes of warfare, ib.their war on the United States in Washir~g- tons administration, 380assisted by the British from Detroit when conquered by Wayne, 381refused shelter by the British at fort Miami, ibtalk of President Madison to them, 382 dissuaded from engaging in the war of 1812, 384changes produced upon them by that xvar, 385disease, mortality, and disasters which they endured, 386their feelings on this sub- ject, ib.nature of their tenure of the soil, 390mode in which it has been alienated, ib.their present condition, 391no ten- dency to improvement, ib.have receded before the British as well as American population, 393mode in which their lands have been purchased by the United States, explained, 394 terms on which they have been ceded to the English, 399land ceded to the whites has lost its value to them from the recession of game, 400success of the United States in preventing hos- tilities of particular tribes, 401their rights carefully protected by the government of the United States, 402their civilization 192 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. provided for by Congress, ib.their inordinate indulgence in spirituous liquors, 404its early existence, ib.instance of their strong love for them, 405confined to the frontier settle- ments, ibselling these liquors to them made penal by the United States, ib.the law prevented from operation by the difficulty of execution, 406missionary establishments for their education, 408plan for their removal beyond the Mississippi, ib.nothing done by England for their improvement, 409but still regarded as means for hostile purposes, 411Captain Franklins ac- count of their intemperance about Hudsons bay, 411author- ized and encouraged by the fur companies, 412defrauded by them, 414Indian hostilities generally instigated by Europe- ans, 416general fanatical spirit which spread among the In- dians in 1811, 416tribes which joined the English in the war of 1812 did not do it for the preservation of their territory, 419 massacre of Americans at the River Raisin, by Indians, 429 of Colonel Dudleys detachment on the Miami, 431pretend- ed attempt to restrain Indian cruelty, 432its futility, 433 letter from General Brock advising to indulge it, 434. indians, American, of New England, notices of the religious faith and practices. of, xxv. 214clothing, complexion, and manners of, 215within the United States, continuance of the custom of giving presents to, by the British, 335religious worship among, 336instance of devotion to a female, among, ib.fondness of, for dancing, 338anecdote of the Chippeways, 341tradition of, concerning Keweena Point, 343Indian accommodations, 344 their paramount love of whiskey and tobacco, 345treaty with, at Fond du Lac, 345-integrity of, in keeping their prom- ises, 345instance of despair in one, 346posthumous husband- ship among them, ib.instance of hemiplegia among, 347 their term for the Aurora Borealis, 348number and condition of on Lake Superior, 349. Indies, Council of the, its origin, xix. 166its defects, 167cen- sured by Millot, 168its pretended decree of free trade, 180. Laws of the, when compiled and published, xix. 168stric- tures of Mr Mendez on this code, 169does not deserve the r xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 193 praise bestowed on it by Spanish writers, 170did not correct abuses, 205. induction, as a means of acquiring the use of words, xxiii. 110 the foundation of grammar, 111. inductive method of reasoning, iv. 84Duncans definition of, 85 Hedges account of, 88Stewarts opinion of, 89 et seq. Indus, delta of the, xii. 146. Industry, house of; recommended, ix. 307mode of managing, 308. national, three branches of; agriculture, manufacture, and commerce, xix. 325. Ingersoll, Charles J., his Discourse, reviewed, xiiii. lS7general character of his work, 158his remarks on education in the United States, l59opinion on the study of the ancient langua- ges, l6Oprogress of literature in the United States, 161cu- rious statements of the ~number of books published in the United States, l62on the encouragement of the arts and sciences in this country, l67on the principles of legislation and jurispru- dence in this country compared with those of Europe, 168 number of lawyers in the United States, l70jurisdiction of the courts, 171medical science and physicians, ib.condition and prospects of the American church, 172number of congre- gations in the leading sects, l73curious particulars of the Catholic church in the United States, 174Jesuits, 174 et seq. parallels between this country and England sometimes run too far, 177. his Address on the Improvement of Govern- ment, noticed, xx. 227objects and character of this perform- ance, 228 et seq. his Discourse in Commemoration of Penn, no- ticed, xxii. 212quoted, 214character of his style, 215. inquisition in Spain, iii. 55. powers of, abridged by Charles III, iv. 163 restored, ib.exercised on Don Paul Olivades, 164. attempts of the clergy to procure the reI~stab lishment of; xxv. ~279. inscrzptions, Phwnician, where found and by whom collected, x. 227. 25 194 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. insects, the suffering from, in South America, described, xvi. 25 et seq.form a constant subject of conversation, 26inhabi- tants bury themselves in the sand to avoid them, 27passage ol Dante applied to them, ib.missionaries and monks complaints of them, 28different species sting at different hours, 29some species said to present important obstacles to civilization, ib.~ destroy archives and libraries, 30. their physical structure, xix. 403. inspiration of the Scriptures, unnecessarily attacked by Mr Law- rence, xvii. 29considered with great learning by Mr Home, 134. of the~ Scriptures, xxiii. 86. instinct of animals, xix. 409Cuvier on the, 410. institute, French, account of the transactions of, for 1813 and 1814, ii. 51. institution for the fine arts, ii. 153its probable influence in pro- moting the knowledge of architecture, 162and in promoting industry, 163plan of, ib. Institution, Massachusetts, proposed plan of, ii. 309.report to the legislature concerning, 311. institution, Royal, of Great Britain, founded by Count Rumford, iv. 278. Institutions, literary, in the United States, improvement of, vii. 270. instruction, mutual, remarks on, xvii. 319recommended by Coray to be adopted in Greece; 397. monitorial system of, as practised by Bell and Lancas- ter, xviii. 184its principal features, ib.employed with great success at Edinburgh, by Dr Pillans, 185reflections on its utility, 187. Instruments, modern astronomical, great perfection of, xx. 315 superiority of the English, 316celebrated English artists, 315 et seq.German artists, 318excellence of the English instru- ments of reflection, ib.of their chronometers and clocks, 319. Insurance, law of, slightly noticed by the early English writers, xx. 49 et seq.remark of Blackstone, 51state of, according - to several writers, till the tim9 of Lord Mansfield, 51 et seq. its greater progress in France, 53its rapid improvement in xxv.] GENERAL INDEX, 195 America since the revolution, 70historical sketch of the prin- cipal modern English treatises on, 71 et seq.their inadequacy to supply the necessities of the American bar, 72indispensa- ble necessity of a new treatise for American lawyers, 73 Treatise of Mr Phillips, ib. See Phillips. Insurance, laws concerning, xxii. 265. See Contracts. Intelligence relating to various subjects, scientific, literary, and miscellaneous, ii. 135, 281, 432. miscellaneous and literary, iii. 137 et seq. miscellaneous and literary, iv. 130 et seq. Intemperance, a source of crimes, xiii. 437prevalence of, in the United States, 437. its increase and dangers, xxiii. 65means of cor- rection, 5. Internal improvements, observations on, xii. 16in New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, 20in North Carolina, 21. _______________ Mr Rawles opinion on the constitutional question respecting, quoted, xxii. 449. act of Congress relating to, xxiv. 1why so little attention heretofore paid to, in the United States, 3 Report of Engineers relating to, 4Mr Calhouns letter the basis of a system of, ib,work first proposed, a canal from the Poto- mac to Ohio river, 7importance of this canal, 8its practica- bility, and course, 9its length, 10Ohio and Erie canal, 11 Delaware and Raritan, 12of the Delaware and Chesapeake, 12of Buzzards and Barnstable bay, 13of Taunton and Weymouth, 14of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, 15of Dis- mal Swamp, 17of Ohio, 18national road from Washington to New Orleans, 19state of these various improvements, 21 state of public feeling with regard to this subject, ib.constitu- tional doctrine on the power of the general government over in- ternal improvement, 22. Interpretation of the Scriptures, Dr Chalmers opinion og, vii. 395 insufficiency of grammatical learning for, 397difficulties in, arising from the inherent defects of words, 398and from the general character of all Janguages, ib. of the Scriptures, Ernestis Elements of, xiv. 395 et 196 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. seq.allegorical, 391of Coccejus, 393Turretin, 394Jon- court, ib. Iflter/)ret(ltiofl of the New Testament, xxiii. 98its dependence upon the history, & c. of the Jews, ib.the geography of Pales- tine, 99the civil and political geography of the age, 110. Ireland, supply of corn from, to England, i. 2526. remarks of the Cobler of Agawam on, i. 304. origin of its inhabitants, xix. 471its mythology and lan- guage, ib.its wrongs, 4752its patron saint, 491. condition of, in the time of Swift and Molineux, xxiv. 3526 and subsequently at the close of the American war, ibnar- row policy of England the cause of the misery and degradation of, 327 et seq.influence of England in the government of, 330effects of the French Revolution upon the people of, 331 French invasion of, in 1799, 336its result, 337violent measures of the administration of England against, 338anoth- er attempt for the liberation of, ib.circumstances favorable to its success, 339why abandoned, ib.new expedition projected, 3452landing and remarkable success of Humbert, ib.its re- sult, ib. Iron ore in Middleborough, Massachusetts, v. 313. Iroquois, or the Five Nations, ix. 149their conduct during the war of the Revolution, 150tradition with regard to their origin and emigration, 157their settlement and wars with the Le- nape Indians, 159their plan for the humbling of thd Lenape, ib. ______ xxii. 71. their adherence to the English interest in the contest terminating in 1763, xxiv. 365relaxation of their exertions, 366their address to Queen Anne, 367change in their coun- sels, ib.their wars against the Wyandots, 421. Irving, Washington, principal writer of Salmagundi, ix. 3522al- most the only American who has supported himself by litera- ture, 333his peculiar wit and humor, 336his amiableness, ib.his successful mixture of wit and sentiment, 337his style, 338his employment of worn-out terms, ib. his forced man- agement of wit, 339his description of Will Wizard, quoted, ib.sketch of his Salamagundi, 342his Knickerbocker, 345 his description of Walter Van rrwiller quoted, ib.his charac xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 197 ter of Peter Stuyvesant, 347alteration of his style in the Sketch Book, 348is inferior to that of his former works, 350 criticism on particular points of this work, 351his Rip Van Winkle, 353his remarks on English writers in America, 354. irving, Washington, his works, xv. 206. writings of; xxv. 170. Labella, queen of Spain, ransoms some Indians sold as slaves by Columbus, xxiv. 278. Isla, J. F. de, his vindication of the claims of Spain to the author- ship of Gil BIas, xxv. 278deals in round and angry assertion rather than argument, 280produces little proof of the position he maintains, 281. ismail Sarnanee, character of, iv. 302. Isocrates, his oratory, xv. 81, 84. israel, Ten Tribes of, revolt, xxii. 297succession of prophets, 29~ the true worship not wholly lost among them, 299jealousy be- tween them and the Two Tribes rather civil ~ian religious, 300 table of the kings, 297. Israelites,. Reformed Society of, its institution at Charleston, xxiii. 69its petition to the vestry of the congregation, ib.rejccted, 71its constitution, ib.purposes of the society, 72number of members, 74its professed objects, 75modern Israelites, their character, vindicated, 76. litalian language, opinion of the Abb6 Privost with regard to, i. 32its capabilities in poetry, 33difference between it and the French, 34. literature, Augustan age of; essay on, iv. 309. Academy of the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, vii. 142. language, held by some to be an ancient vulgar dialect of the Latin, x. 278Italian authors on Phomician coins, 228. painter, anecdote of; xvi. 131. narrative poetry, revie~v of, xix. 337characteristics of the Italian school of poetry in English literature, 338orna- mental writing of the Italians, 386not without useful ends, 388. literature, its influence over the English, xxi. l9llcssen- ed by the reformation, 192revived in our own age, 195 its 198 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. relation to that of Spain, 204its feuds, 213of the difficulty of estimating it by foreigners, 214. italy, Augustan age of the literature of:, iv. 309why the seat of the first revival of literature, 311causes of its progress in the age of Leo X. 312rank of the poets of, 316historians of, 317llarth6lemys sketch of fictitious travels in, 318decline of its literature, 326. interest and advantages of the study of the antiquities of, v. 1 19account of the drama of, .182invention of the pastoral fable and the musical drama, 185. changes in the government and territory of, during the French revolution and t~he reign of Napoleon, vii. 53political condition of, as established at the peace in 1815, 61. Rambles in, reviewed, ix. 260. abounds in scholars, x. 13they excel in the Latin, 14. its agriculture, the Letters of Chateauvieux on this subject, reviewed, xi. 49 et seq.divided into three regions, 56the agriculture of ~ombardy, 57of Tuscany, 62of the Marem- ma, 64. attention to ancient art in, xii. 189Political State of, by Mr Lyman, reviewed, 198 et seq.religion, index expurgatorius, 205ecclesiastical government, 208Pius VII, 209govern- ment of the ecclesiastical provinces, 210liberal principles, ib. torture abolished, ib.law of entails and succession, 21 1su- perstition, 212finances, ib.Luoghi di Monti, ib.courtesy to strangers, 216provision for pilgrims, 217beatification and canonization, 218modern miracles, 218 et seq.monaste.. ries and convents, 222Lazzaroni, 223burials, 224Jews in Rome, 225robbers and banditti, Rinaldo Rinaldini, 227 Carbonari, 229universities, ib.her navigators explored the new world for the benefit of other nations, 318split into fac- tions, ib. remarks on, by Algernon Sydney, xiv. 68 et seq.a refuge for exiles, 70. language of, adapted to music, xv. 13associations with, 94 et seq.literature of, affected by her fine arts, 96literary con- troversies of, 98literature of, affected by the Greek emigrants, 99the improvisatori of, 325general taste for music in, ib. ecclesiastical establishments in, 445. - zxxv] GENERAL INDEX. 199 Italy, Scenes in, remarks on, xviii. 192. its attractions for a traveller, xix. 310. its political situation, xxi. 149tendency to union of pur- pose in its different states, 149 et seq. the novella or novel of, xxv. 186cause of the inferiority of the fictions of, found in the condition of the people, 188. Iturbide, the leader in the revolution in Mexico, xiv. 437 et seq. makes a declaration of independence, and a plan of a consti- tution, 438 et seq.treats with ODonoju, 441 et seq.compar- ed with Washington, 444 et seq.his unlimited authority, 445 et seq. his fate just, and propitious to the cause of American in- dependence, xx. 77 et seq.visited by Mr Poinsett, 94de- scribed by him, 95. Iturup, a Japanese island, x. 34, 38. ivory, Mr, his method of computing the orbit of a comet coincides with that of Dr Olbers, x. 260. various notices of, xx. 348, 350 et seq., 353. J. Jack, Mr, his certificate respecting the Mecklenburg declaration of Independence, xii. 36. Jackson, General, storms and takes Pensacola, iii. 241arrives at New Orleans, 242state of affairs in that city at his arrival, ib. his vigilance and activity in preparing means of defence, 24~ proclaims martial law, 245night action of, !with the British, 249action of January 8, 251 et seq.joins in a public thanks- giving, 259superior talents displayed by, in this campaign, 261 treatment of, by the state of Louisiana, 262addressed by the citizens of New Orleans, ib.his answer, 263. charge against by the Quarterly Review, xxiv. 435. Jackson, Justice, cited, xx. 185. Jackson, Mr, his account of Tombuctoo, v. 209. 200 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E V0LS. Jackson, Samuel, his new method of teaching languages, noticed, xxv. 225. Jacobs, Frederick, his Greek Reader, reviewed, xviii. 280 et seq. his Latin Reader, edited by George Bancroft, noticed, xxi. 246. Jacobson, Frederick 4., Maritime Law of, translated by William Frick, reviewed, vii. 323account of his work, 344principal value of 346. Jakn, professor, at Vienna, a Catholic critic, x. 13. on the study of the original languages of the Bible, xiv. 51 et seq. his inquiry concerning the diction of the Penta- teuch as compared with that of later books, xxii. 291its thoroughness and conclusiveness, 292his harmony of the book of Chronicles, 313. Jakob, Von, his work on Political Economy, reviewed, xix. 439 Professor at ilalle, ib.his views of the principles of taxation, 441on revenue and income, 442on direct and indirect taxa- tion, 443 et seq.various sources of taxation, 445his views of paper currency, ib.method of removing the evils of a depre- ciated paper currency, 447. Jalapa, visited by Mr Poinsett, xx. 81its history and description, 82its celebrated fair, 82 et seq. James I, of England, xiii. 258his displeasure against Coke, 263, 266, 269, 274his conduct in the case of commendams, 266 et seq.criticizes Cokes Reports, 269his quarrel with parlia- ment, 274his character of Coke, 274, 278. influence of his belief in witchcraft, xx. 425. designed a complete codification for his colonies, xxi. 107. Scottish poetry in his reign, xxiii. 132. James II, of England, Clarkes Life of, noticed, v. 144. Jameson, Professor, extract from his Treatise on the Character of Minerals, v. 418. his Notes to Cuviers Theory of~ the Earth, viii. 410. ______ his account of a large diamond, xiv. 372. Jamieson, Miss, history of, xxiii. 366 et seq. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 201 Janissaries, of Algiers, described, xxii. 417 et seq. _______ attempted destruction of, xxv. 43its difficulty and impolicy, 44nature of this kind of troops, 44. Japan, little known, x. 33conditions of intercourse with the Dutch, 34geographical description, ib.attempts of the Rus- sians to open negotiations, ib.answer of the Japanese govern- ment to the propositions of Laxman, the Russian envoy, 35 another attempt to negotiate, 36the Japanese questioned the Russian prisoners that were marched through the villages, and wrote down the answers, 47use the left hand in preference to the right, 48supposed the Russians had changed their reli- gion because they had left off wearing queues, 49their condi- tions of releasing Golownin and his companions, 57 et seq. population of Japan, 60the Japanese have two sorts of writ- ing, syllabic and alphabetical, 60 et seq.are fond of read- ing, 61. Japanese, employ the Chinese characters and an alphabet, xvii. 8. ______- account of some, at Kamtschatka, xxv. 12. Jarvis, Dr, his Discourse on the Religion of the Indian Tribes, re- viewed, xi. 103. on the Religion of the Indians, xix. 465. Java, poison tree of, vi. 276. Jay, J., mistaken account of:, in a French biographical work, i. 330. his treaty and the rule of 56, discussed, xvii. 142 et seq. extract from A Few Notes, & c. 142provisions never held contraband by the American government till the treaty, 144. Marshalls account of the circumstances attending the consider- ation of the treaty, by President Washington, 148, 150the question of the effect of the sixteenth article, in sanctioning the British order, discussed, 150discussion of the doctrine of flee ships, free goods, L61 et seq. writes the Address to the People of England, xxii. 383. minister to Spain, xxiv. 101his negotiations with that power, 102. sketch of his opinions on the subject of a new constitution for the United States, xxv. 263his letters to General Wash- ington, giving an account of the proceedings of the convention 26 202 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. in New York, 275 et seq.occurrences in Congress relating to the treaty negotiated by him, 154instructions under which it was negotiated, 155. Jeddo, capital of the empire of Japan, x. 36its population, 60. Jefferson, President, account of:, from a French work, i. 331. his Letter on Peace, iii. 33. testimony of, with regard to the agency of Patrick Henry in the commencement of the Revolution ix. 296. _________ one of the commissioners for the Virginia university, x. 116. mention made by him of the convention of Pardo, xiii. 75. his Notes on Virginia, xv. 211, 333. quoted, on the moral effects of agriculture, xix. 336. _____________ his correspondence respecting the colonization of free people of color at Sierra Leone, xviii. 41his memorial to Congress concerning the duty on books, 166. writes the Declaration of Independence, xxii. 386inserts strong expressions against the slave trade, 387, 39~2. reduction of the army in his administration, xxiii. 249increase authorized in 1805, ib.not acted upon till just before the war of 1812, 250his policy preeminently pacific, 251result of it, 252his observations on the division of the powers of government, 332. his solicitude with regard to the condition of the Indians, xxiv. 407his circular letter with regard to their procuring spirituous liquors, ib. letter of, to General Washington, on his opin- ion of the new American constitution, xxv. 267letters from, in Paris, showing his opinion of it in 1788, 268conipared with Napoleon, 234. Jeifreys, Mr, his theory of beauty, vii. 7on the sources of pleas- ure from landscapes of different kinds, 8examination of the opinions of, 10objections to, drawn from the material uni- verse, 11from poetry, morality, and philosophy, 15his com- plaint of Mr Stewart, 19on the beauty of colors and sounds, 20his character as a philosophical inquirer, 24. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 203 Jeifreys, Judge, his conduct at Sydneys trial, xiv. 80 et seq. Jena, its university, x. 132. Jenkins, cited, on elementary books of law, xviii. 376. Jenks, Francis, his Selection from the Prose Works of John Milton, reviewed, xxv. 73. Jenner, Dr, xix. 479. Jerome, quoted, xx. 274, 311. Jesuits, inquiry concerning, iv. 305. account of the origin of, v. 26first converts in Pa~is, 309assume the name of the Society of Jesus, 310approved by the Pope, ib.first missionaries of, 311rules of the order not peculiar, ib.extension of their privileges by a succession of Papal bulls, ib. their unbounded ambition manifested in the plan and priv- ileges of the society of, vi. 129their progress under the pa- tronage of the pope Paul III, 130their rapid increase and num- bers at distinct periods, 131opposition to, in Salamanca, 132 and at Alcala, 133their false claim to a graduation at Paris, 405means by which they were introduced in Paris, ib.op- position to, by the law coupsel of the king of France, 406. conduct of, in France ~vhen first introduced there, vii. 112 advice of the bishop of Paris with regard to, 113. Report of the Faculty of Theology of Paris respecting, viii. 201their functions interdicted by the bishop of Paris, 202prophesied against by the archbishop of Dublin, 203 their first establishment in Portugal, 204their proceedings there and odium excited by them, ib. their edition of Newtons Principia, xx. 321, note. Jewish manners and history, excellently adapted to poetry, xxii. 14. Jews, origin and state of medicine among, viii. 225resemblance of the institutions of to those of the Egyptians, 226. in Rome, xii. 225persecuted in Germany, ib.correspond in modern Hebrew, ib.why they do not come to America, 227 in Turkey, ib. their number and situation in Algiers, xxii. 427. worship of, proposed improvement of, xxiii. 6services of their synagogue, 68number of, in the United States, 72emi- 204 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VoLs. gration of, 73descent of, ib.their history illustrates the New Testament, 98their character as a people, 102to be studied in the Old Testarnent~ ib.their literature was the Bible, 103 their religious sects, 105. Joannina, capital of Albania, its population, x. 446. See Yanina. Johnson, Dr, his Lives of Savage and Thomson, translated into French, by M. le Tourneur, i. 210. his opinion of Garrick illustrated, iv. 39, 41. remark pf, on orthography, v. 94on the indefinite article, 96. xiv. 322his Rambler, 327. his Lives of the Poets, xvi. 391. quoted, xix. .Johnson, John, his edition of Cowpers works, ii. 233his Life of him, 236. Johnson, Judge, his Life of Greene, reviewed, xv. 416his testi- mony against duelling, 430. his charge against Count Pulaski, and imputation on Washington, refuted, xx. 391 et seq. his Remarks on an Article in the North American Review, reviewed, xxiii. 414account of the controversy, 416 his inconsistent representations of Pulaskis character, 421 doubts if he were recommended by Washington, ib.his igno- rance of the history of the Revolution, 422his new views of the battle of Germantown, 423proved to be erroneous, 430 et seq.deficiency of authority in his work, 439. Johnson, Mrs, narrative of her captivity by the Indians, xviii. 36. Johnson, P., testifies to the conduct of General Putnam, xxii. 466. Johnson, W. Esq., his Chancery Reports, reviewed, xi. 140their character, 164. his Reports of Cases in New York, reviewed, xviii. 371. Johnson, his Wonder Working Providence, & c., ii. 124. Johnsonian style, remarks on, viii. 301. Joncourt, his quarrel with the Cocceians, about interpretation, xiv. 394. Jones, Dr, his account of the last illness and death of Dr Frank- lin, vii. 314. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 205 Jones, John, his dissection of the verb, xxiii. 117. Jones, John Paul, Bottas description of his sea fight with Captain Pearson, xiii. 192. appointed a lieutenant in the American navy, xxi. 6his actions in command of the Providence and Milford, ib. et seq.sketch of his life, 7, notehis engagement with the Serapis and the Countess of Scarborough, 11 et seq.anecdote of, 12. discovery of his letters, xxiii. 293account of his papers, ib. Jones, Mr, character of his contributions to the poetry of the Unit- ed States Literary Gazette, xxii. 440his Hymn of the Hus- bandman, quoted, ib. Jones, Sir William, letter of, to M. Anquetil du Perron, on his works, i. 213. Essay on Bailments, vi. 46his remarks on Blackstones Commentaries, 53. on the Hindoo doctrine of the Trimurti, ix. 44. cited, xii. 162on Asiatic literature, 367. his commendation of Pothier, xiii. 1his re- mark on the style of Littletons Tenures, ib. a remarkable example of industry and econo- my of time, xx. 273his remark on the poetry of the Hindoos, 433. his remark on some oriental MSS., xxiv. 129. his commendation of Major Cartwrights De- claration of Rights, xxv. 379. Jones, Thomas Ap Catesby, defence of the gunboats against the British near New Orleans, iii. 244. Jongleurs, among the Indian tribes, xxii. 54. Josepitus, writings of, xxiii. 95their importance in the interpre- tation of the New Testament, 98. Jourdan, E., testifies to General Putnams conduct on Bunker Hill, xxii. 465. Journal of a Pedestrian Tour, iv. 175. Journals relating to America in France and Germany, xxiv. 226. 206 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Jovillanos, Don Gaspar, his Bread and Bulls, iii. 54. Judiciary, authority of, in the United States, iii. 100excellence of this feature of their institutions, 101safety of the power en- trusted to, 102. the proper authority for the construction of the constitu- tion, xxiii. 331 et seq.foundation of, in Colombia, 346. Julia Severa, or the Year 492, reviewed, xv. 163. Junius, character and writings of, i. 399. Junius, Hadrian, his Greek and Latin Dictionary, xxiv. 148ac- count of him, ib. Jupiter, his satellites, used in finding the longitude, xx. 345La- granges theory of their motions and mutual attractions, 345 et seq.Laplaces theory of the laws which govern their motions, 346Delambres tables of their eclipses, 345 et seq. Jurisdiction, royal, its origin, nature and extent over the American colonies, xxi. 119 et seq. Jurisprudence, American, a pamphlet, ii. 230. American, study of, recommended to the English bar, xx. 67. __________ of the United States, its origin in the institutions of the mother country, xxi. 106English, its mode of administra- tion, 115its influence on the ~colonial, 119 et seq.actually existed in the colonies, 127. Jury, grand, importance of, in England, xiii. 347duties of, 347 et seq. trial by, its introduction by the Code Napoleon, xx. 401 not adapted to the state of continental Europe, ib.unanimity required, and manner in which its verdict is adopted in France, 412. Justice, administration of, its immense importance in a govern- ment, xix. 438. Justices, Daviss Treatise on, xix. 390extracts from, 391, 393 character of the work, 392. Justinian, his Pandects remodelled by Pothier, xiii. 3his altera- tions in the Code and Novels, ib.marine law in his Pandects and Code, 15. singular fate of his Institutions and Digest, xiv. :109. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 207 Justiniani, Lorenzo, his account of an ancient cemetery in Na- ples, v. 120his opinion of its antiquity, 126. Juvenile delinquency in London, causes and cases of, ix. 295 et seq. K. Kabyles of North Africa, xxii. 12, 429. Kaim, his Travels in America, xiii. 106. Kamco, mother of Au Pacha, her ill treatment by Cardikiotes, xviii. 111her death, 115. Kamtschatka, arrival of a Russian expedition at, xxv. lOresi- dence of some Japanese at, 12account of a Russian exile at, 13great mortality at, 14account of the Aborigines of, ib. the women of, ib.productions of, 15climate of, lOaccount of the state of, in 1322, by Captain Coclirane, ib. Kant, his theory in close resemblance with that of Plato, xviii. 252. his rank as a metaphysician, xx. 141. Karaitnoku, prime minister of Hawaii, xxii. 342favors the mis- sionaries, 363. Kara-Kapaics, a tribe of Calmuck origin, xxv. 315. Kaunitz, Prince, his ability as a statesman, xviii. 5. Keating, W. H., compiler of the narrative of Major Longs Second Expedition, xxi. 178description of scenery, quoted, 184 character of his work, 189. Keill, his indignation at Descartes, xviii. 267. Keith, George, missionary tour of, in America, i. 305his Ser- mons aoainst the Quakers, 306. Kendrick, Captain, a singular account of his visit to the Island of Juan Fernandez in his first voyage to the North West Coast, xix. 180. Kennebeck river, dates of its being closed and opened, iii. 324. Kennicott, his collection of various readings, x. 8. ~ his judgment respecting the age of Samaritan MSS., xxii. 276. 208 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Kenrick, John, his Horrors of Slavery, v. 293. Kent, Chancellor, his distinguished character, xi. 140his agency in forming the chancery jurisdiction in America, 150. ________ his Commentaries on American Law, xxiv. 345his tribute to the Judge of the British Admiralty Court, quoted, 348his remarks on the mode of the choice of Presi- dent of the United States, quoted, 351his account of the prin- cipal cases of contested and concurrent jurisdiction under the general and state governments, 353of the suit against Geor- gia, ib.sundry other cases, ib. et seq.of the steam-boat ques- tion, 359doubts the decision of the Supreme Court upon it, 360his remarks on the authority of courts to decide on the constitutionality of law, quoted, 363doctrine on this point, ib. Kentucky, circumstances of her erection into a state, x. 153. number of law books printed in, xix. 478. character of, vindicated from the aspersions of the Quarterly Review, xxiv. 437Kentucky stop-laws, 355. Keopuolani, a chief woman of Hawaii, xxii. 340, 343. Kepler, his discoveries in astronomy, xii, 156his poverty, 157 et seq. his notion of the vital power of the earth, xviii. 275. his elliptical theory, xx. 309. Keweena Point, description of, xxv. 343Indian tradition con- cerning, ib. Kiddeekiddee, missionary establishment at, in New Zealand, xviii. 337, 341. Kilbourn, John, his Ohio Gazetteer, xxiii. 458. Kimcki, his lexicon, x. 11. King, Rufus, his speeches on the Missouri question, x. 137his public services, 146. ______ his history of Captain Martins case, xxii. 143. his opinion that the purchase of Indian lands has been unprofitable in a pecuniary view to the United States, xxiv. 396. _____________ letters from, to Mr Madison, on the proceed- ings of the Massachusetts convention for the acceptance of the Federal Constitution, xxv. 272. Kiosu and Kunashir, Japanese Isles, x. 34description of the town of Kunashir, 40. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 209 Kirauea, a volcano of Hawaii, described, xxii. 348its craters, 350. Kirguisians, a wandering people of Asia, encountered by the Rus- sian embassy to Bukharia, xxv. 310their mode of life, man- ners, customs, & c., 311barbarity og 312their degrees of authority, 313their division into hordes, ib.their singular mode of declaring war, 314example of their poetry, ib. Kirkland, President, his Election Sermon, iii. 267. his Life of Fisher Ames, commended, xv. 211. Kirwan, his theory of the deluge, xii. 138. Kiaproth, the German chemist, death and notice of, v. 289. Klopstock, his Messiah, translation of the Proem to, vi. 251. Knickerbockers New York, by Irving, ix. 345character of Wouter Van Twiller, from, ib.character of Peter Stuyvesant in, 347. commended, xv. 206. Knight, T. A., his experiments on sap, iv. 131. Knowledge, Human, Ogilvies Essay on; iv. 398remarks on the origin and nature of, 399his opinions and statements com- mented on, 401relation of cause and effect, 402. Knowledge, origin of, a preliminary topic in the study of philoso- phy, xviii. 237. its amount, how estimated, xxiii. 58. Knox, Captain John, his Journal of Campaigns in North America, ii. 5. account of the capture of Fort William Henry, from his Journal, xxiii. 155. Knox, General, presented a plan to Congress relating to the mili- tia, xix. 277. letter from, to Washington, on the powers of Con- gress, xxv. 257his sketch of the elements of a new constitu- tion for the United States, ~ Knox, Vicesimus, xii. 316. Kong Couber, a head man in the Sherbro islands, xviii. 46. Koppe, proves the recent origin of the square Hebrew character, xxii. 306k Koran, a rare dissertations on, x. 11. 27 210 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Kosciusko, character of, iii. 109anecdote of, 110his opinion of Napoleon, lii. Kotzebue, xvi. 285. Krebs, on the word barbarian, xiii. 158. Krusenstern, his Voyages and Researches, xxv. 1his remarks on the name of the Washington Islands in the Pacific, 4his re- searches into the subject of Russian commerce, and suggestions for its improvement, 8sent out as commander of a maritime expedition, 9account of his expedition, 10 et seq.his ac- count of Kamtschatka, 14his arrival and reception in China, 18his opinion of the Chinese character, 19of the American trade with Canton, 20return, and great success of his expedi- tion, 22his vocabularies of Asiatic languages, 27his collec- tion of hydrographic memoirs, 30. Ku/tn, the first teacher of botany in the United States, xiii. 105. Kuricke, a writer on maritime law, in the seventeenth century, vii~ 336. Kurreem Khan, anecdote of, iv. 300. L. Labor, principle of the division of, not applied in the United States, viii. 2human, in the Western country, wages of, 351. to be made a privilege in the management of the poor, ix. 309. productive and unproductive, as defined by Adam Smith, xix. 327division of, a means of increasing execution, 330. La Gail/c, his immense labors in astronomy, xx. 315. Lacroix, his remarks on the study of mathematics, xiii. 366his Arithmetic, reviewed, ib. et seq.his Algebra, reviewed, 366, 370 et seq. Laderas of the Andes, passage of, xxiv. 303 et seq. Lact, Dc, cited, xiii. 74, 93. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 211 Lafayette, xix. 468. Lives og by M. Regnault-Warin, and Ducoudray Hol- stein, noticed, xx. 147these totally destitute of any claims to au- thority, 148distinguished members of the family of Lafay- ette, ib.his birth, education,and marriage; his advantages of fortune, rank, connexions, and character, 149departure for America, 149 et seq.excitement occasioned by it, 150arrival in America, and happy effect produced by it on the revolution- ary contest, 151his services, ib.created major general, ib. returns to Prance, ib.agency in the treaty between France and America, 152returns to America and serves in the war of the South, ib.his popularity in France, 153communicates to Congress the news of peace, 154his third visit to the Unit- ed States, ib.respect paid to him by Congress on his depar- ture, ib. e t seq.takes part in the affairs of France which pre- ceded the Revolution, 155his motion for a representation of the people, and proposition for a declaration of rights, l56ap - pointed commander in chief of the national guards, ib.difficult and delicate situation, ib.conduct on the fifth of October, 157, 159his opposition to the Jacobins, 159 et seq.renunciation of the title of Marquis, 160swears to the constitution on the 14th of July, 1790, ib. retires to his estate, 162is appointed a general in the war with Austria, and denounces the Jacobins, 1C2leaves France, 163is declared a traitor, 164seized by the Austrians and confined at Olmutz, ib.his infamous treat- ment, and sufferings, 164 et seq.attempt for his rescue, its failure, 165, 168increased sufferings, ib.joined by his fami- ly, 169his final release, 170residence in Holstein, 171 return to France, ib .treatment by Napoleon, 172by the Bourbons, ib.conduct after the return of Napoleon from Elba, 173his resolutions in the Chamber of Representatives, 174 impressive reply to Lucien Bonaparte, 176promotes the abdi- cation of the emperor, ib.heads a deputation to the allied pow- ers, ib.retires to La Grange, ib.visits the United States, 177 circumstances of this visit, ib.his political character, 178 happy effects of this visit, ib. et seq. his interview with Red Jacket, xxii. 67, notc. his testimony in favor of Pulaski, xxiii. 431. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. IIVOLS. La Grange, various notices of his labors, xx. 338, 344, 348, 250, 353his character and writings, 363 et seq. La Harpe, his expression with respect to the value of prose, xvi. 143. his remarks on Popes Rape of the Locke, xix. 384. La Hontan, cited, xv. 52528, 240. Lake Superior, description of, xv. 5236. and Winnipeck, xxi. 180, 1852. grandeur of the entrance to, xxv. 339rage of the winds on, ib.description by Mr Schoolcraft of the Pictured Rocks of, 340scenery at Granite Point, 3452at Keweena Point, 343number and condition of the Indians on, 349. La Lande, various notices of his astronomical labors, xx. 3525, 3526, 333, 348his system of astronomy, 358its merits an~ defects, ib.his character, ib. Lalla Rookk, a poem, by Moore, reviewed, vi. 8outline of The Prophet of Khorassan, one of the books of, with extracts, 9 et seq. Paradise and the Pen, 17story of The Fire-Worshippers, 18 quotations, 19Light of the Haram, 523. Laniarek, his classification of animals, xix. 399. Lambert, Jonathan, xviii. 143. See Tristan dAeunka. Lambree/itsen, N. C., on the history of the New Netherlands, ix. 80object of his work, 81does not give much historical in- formation, 80his~principal merit the spirit of nationality, 82 account of his work and its contents, 83his account of Hud- sons voyages, 84his notice of the New England emigrants, 86his account of the emigration of the Waldenses to New Netherlands, 88and of the ultimate prosperity and loss of the colony, 89his account of its subsequent history, 90. La?npedosa, island of, suggested as a compensation for the Ameri- can claims on Naples, xxi. 5277. Lamprey eels, singular effect of human saliva upon, i. 379. Lancaster, Joseph, his labors in the cause of education, ix. 238. improved on Bells method of monitorial in- struction, xviii. 184. Laucasterian system of instru6tion, found among the Algerines, xxii. 4526. Landlord, American, Tales of an, xxi. 100. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 213 Lanes, public, of the United States, xiii. 310 et seqeach state entitled to a I)roportionate benefit from, 311, 319 et seq.sys- tern pursued by Congress, 322 et seqnot subject to state ju- risdiction. 325quantity required to give each state its propor- tional bei~efit in respect to education, 331report of the senate respecting appropriations of, 332 et seq. Langford, John, his account of the contest between the Dissent- ers and Lord Baltimores governor in. Maryland, i. 154, 156. Language, italian, its capacity and force, i. 33in general, prin- ciples of the improvement of, 35peculiarity of the French, 204connexion of with literature, 307a peculiar one im- portant to the literature of a country, 309. unsettled state of, oue of the causes of the dark ages, iv. 309influence of the Italian upon the revival of letters, 311. utility of a common one among the learned, xii. 11 how the Latin has ceased to be such a common language, ib. the Latin used as a vernacular language in the Hungarian Diet until 1805, when it gaVe place to the native Hungarian, 12 the Magyar used and cultivated by the Hungarians, ib. of the Greeks, degree of change which the pronuncia- tion of, has undergone, ix. 93peculiarity of that of the Clii- nese, 94Mr Du Ponceaus account of changes taking place in, 95Latin the original prevailing language of Constantinople, 96corruptions of the Greek and introduction of barbarisms, 97modes of identifying the ancient pronunciation of, 100 shown to be of little value, 100 et seq. when it becomesf%ed, xiii. 31changes in, retarded by a written literature, 32study of Latin and Greek, 365effects of the community of language between England and the United States, 479 et seq. . of New Zealand, its grammatical peculiarities, xviii. 354resembles in this respect the Tonga and Malayan, ib. community of, in the United States, its effects on intel- lectual exertions and character, xx. 436opinion of Mr Ever- ett, ibcommented on, 436 et seq.advantages of a diversity of languages, 437 Ct seq.Spanish, its future importance to the United States, 450. ~ English, Lewiss Outlines of, xxiii. 109Greek, dia 214 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. lects of, xxiii. 87their amalgamation, ib.its deterioration, 88Hebrew, used in the services of the synagogue, 68 study of, recommended as connected with the interpretation of the Scripture, 102. Languages, of the American Indians, review of the papers of Mr Dii Ponceau and Mr Heckewelder, concerning, ix. 179qualifi- cations of these gentlemen for the investigation of, 180sin- gular results of Mr Du Ponceau with regard to, 181their co- piousness shown, 182may he reduced to three principal or mother tongues, 183importance of a uniform an d universal system of orthography for, 185. importance of studying the Oriental, xiv. 51 et seq.re- marks on the Oriental, 54 et seq.hest mode of studying, 52, 59-Adelungs Survey of, reviewed, 128 et seq.number of American, 129comparative philology, a new science, ib. number and general divisions of, in each quarter of the globe, 133 et seq.list of North American, 135 et seq.Humboldt on the Basque language, 134study of American, recommended, 143progress of the English language, 323 et seq.causes of the decline of, 329of the Bible, 396 et seq. ancient, particular reasons why they should be studied in our schools, xviii. 160advantages to the young mind from the discipline of studying Latin and Greek, ib.principles incul- cated, and feelings inspired, by reading the ancient authors, highly propitious in a free government, 161. study of, the first step in a course of liberal and enlarg- ed education, xix. See Classics. of the North American tribes, xxii. 73various examples of words and sentences, 75 et seq.classification of the dia- lects difficult and uncertain, 83Adehungs Survey, examined, 84of the Polynesian Islands. See Hawaiian dialect, and Polynesia. Jacksons New Method of Teaching, xxv. 225. Lansdown, Marquis of, his motion to recognise the independence of the South American Repuhlics, xix. 161. Laocoon, a poem by Sadolet, translated, ii. 197. La Parsire, the name of a river in the interior of Africa, accord- ing to Adams, v. 21. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 215 La Paz, city of Peru, centre of the operations of Tupa Catari, xx. 297besieged, 298, 300extremity of the besieged, 300 et seq.siege raised by Flores, 301defeat of the Spaniards and renewal of the siege, 302arrival of Andres Tupac Amaru, 303 city reduced to extremity, 304relieved by Reseguin, ib. La Perouse, on the first discovery of the Sandwich Islands, iii. 47. his testimony respecting the discovery of the Sand- ~vich Islands, xxii. 335. La Place, his M~canique C6leste, Bowditchs translation of, vi. 279. his M6moire sur Ia Figure de la Terre, xx. 309ex- planation of the acceleration of lunar motion, 333of the equation of the lunar longitude, 335 et seq.of planetary mo- tions, 388 et seq.theorem, the planetary. orbits, 340its de- fects, ib.periodical equation of Jupiter and Saturn, 341the- ory of the laws governing the motions of Jupiters satellites, 34G on the theory of the earth, 355 et seq.of the tides, 357M& canique C6leste, 365. La Plata and Chile, Travels in, xxiv. 295. Laraguais, Count de, his remark on England, i. 71. Lardner, censure on, by Dr Chalmers, vii. 371shown to be un- founded, ib. et seq. Las Casas, Bartolom~ de, the Spanish philanthropist, Verplancks account of, viii. 418charge against him of the introduction of African slavery, 420. first visited the new world in one of the voyages of Columbus, xix. 199warmly espoused the cause of the Indians, and succeeded in procuring laws to be passed for ensuring towards them a milder treatment, than that prac- tised at first by the Spaniards, ib. origin of his sympathy for the Indians, xxiv. 278some account of his labors and life, 278his writ- ings, ib.his exertions in the cause of the Indians, 279pro- poses the substitution of African slaves, ibcarried into effect, 280. Last of the .Alohicans, xxiii. See The Last of the Mohicans. Lasteyrie, Count, introduced the art of lithography into Paris, xviii. 189his method of operating, 190. 216 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Latin writings, discovQry of; ii. 433. Latin, of the Romish Church, state of, in the seventh century, ix. 3. Latin language, remarks on its pronunciation, xxii. 229. Latinity of different nations, xii. 14. Latour, Major A. L., his Memoirs of the War in W. Florida and Louisiana, reviewed, iii. 232his military rank, 240his work commended, 265emendation suggested, 266. Laudonnie, his voyage to Florida, xviii. 69his escape, 72. Laurens, his remark on the proposition for a union of the colonies with Great Britain, quoted, xxv. 370. Lavater, anecdote of, iv. 234. Lavoisier, his system of chemistry, how founded, ix. 130his views of combustion, how modified by subsequent discove- ries, 131. Law, profession of, its influence upon political events, i. 397. instruction in the profession of, iii. 12state of, in the early history of the Colonies, 15progress of, 17. cause of the uncertainty of, vi. 48improvements of, do not lessen the necessity of study, 49difficulties of the study of, in former compared with present times, ib.superior advantages at present in elementary books, 51effects of modern facilities upon the thorough study of, 55changes which have taken place in, 57and the effects of these changes, ib. et seq. Lord Ashburtons letter on the study of, 60present state of, in the United States, 63Hoffmans work on the study of, ib. hints on the mode of pursuing the study of, 66general course of the study of, 67abridgments and digests of, noticed, 74. importance of the attendance of a student at a school of, 77. the state of the profession of, in the United States, ix. 250 the school of statesmen, 252. number of reports of, xv. 65errors of, ib. et seq.general certainty of, 67system of, in the United States, 68improve- ments in, suggested, 69notion of systematizing, 70of na- tions, in regard to war, remarked on, 199 et seq. difficulty of making a scientific arrangement of the, xix. 477 Sir Matthew Hales plan defective, ib. 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 217 Law, its two schools of construction, xxi. 104 et seq. local, of the various states, community of its origin and its actual correspondence, xxiii. 17 et seq.History of the, Samp- sons Discourse and Correspondence on, 197. Law, American, Danes Digest and Abridgment of, xxiii. 1neces- sity of such a work, 13, 15its plan, 16 et seq.peculiarities and advantages of its plan, 21general character of the work, 22 circumstances which give it a distinguis~iing value, 22 et seq. Kents Commentaries on, xxiv. 845character of the work, 348. Law, civil, large extracts from, in Danes American Law, xxiii. 23 utility of, ib.the basis of the law of Louisiana and Florida, ib.its nature and value, 24Gibbons panegyric upon, ib. Dr Browns praise of, ib. Law, commercial. See Commercial law. xx. Law, of contracts, the same in all commercial countries, xiii. 2 law of England and of Europe indebted to the civil law, ib. unwritten law of France, 6French and English common law illustrative of each other, ibopposition in France and Eng- land to the introduction of the civil law, 7civil law prohibited, by Pope Honorius III, to be taught in the university of Paris, ib.various collections of the unwritten law in France, 8or- donnances, 9verbosity of English and American statutes, ib. .-....Projet de Code Civil, 10the civil law commended, 11 codes of Bonaparte, ib.history of maritime law, and an ac- count of the treatises on this subject, 14 et seqinternational, 154Roman, Russian, Turkish, 160deficiency in legal bi- ography, 235English Reports, 278remarks on the study of Coke upon Littleton, 283Cottu on English law, reviewed, 343 et seq. Law, common, of the United States, derived from that of Eng- land, xxi. 106causes of its departure from the English found- ed in its very nature, 108received by the colonies at various stages of improvement, 109its diversities in the different col- onies indicated no departure from its proper principles, ib.in- fluence of various circumstances in modifying it, 110its inti- 28 0 218 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. mate connexion with colonial jurisprudence, 111claimed by the colonies as the basis of a general civil constitution, 115 causes of its varieties, ib.its mode of administration in Eng- land, 115 et seq.consequences, 116its liabilities to altera- tion in the colonies, l17its connexion with their jurispru- dence, in which its elements are to be sought, 126English, claimed by Congress, 127decided by jurists to have been brought over by the colonists, 128 et seqits existence presup- posed by the constitution, l3lopinion of Mr Du Ponceau with regard to it, stated and examined, ib. et seq.its essential im- provement in the United States, 1117necessity of its existence, 139. See Gommon law. Law, common, of England, the basis of the laws of New York, xxiv. 196. Law, international, agitation of important questions of, viii. 259 neutrals, 260. Law Journal, reviewed, xvi. 181 et seq.its plan and execution commended, iSicontents given, l82necessity for an ac- quaintance with foreign jurisprudence, 183. Law, Mahometan, singular article of, v. 29. Law, martial, proclaimed by General Jackson, in New Orleans, iii. 245. Law of Maritime Captures and Prizes, Digest of, by Henry Whea- ton, reviewed, ii. 218. Law of prizes in the United States, early attention to, viii. 254 principles of, as established during the revolution, 256its pre- sent state, 258. Law Reports, their rapid increase, xviii. 375numerous in the time of Charles II, 376n umber of law treatises and reports in England since Edward II, 377States of the Union in which reports are made by public authority, ib.evil of the multiplication of reports, 373a plan for lessening the evil sug- gested, ib.abridgments on certain principles recommended, 381. reasons for their publication, xx. 181, l83means of diffusing a knowledge of the laws, l83advantage of written opinions, 184. _______~ English, reason for their circulation in the United xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 219 States, xxi. 335those of Sergeant and Lowber, noticed, ib. contain some superfluous matter, 386. Law School, in 1-larvard University, v. 289. Lawrence, Major, his gallant defence of Fort Bowyer, iii. 241his final surrender, 258. Lawrence, Mr, his Lectures on Physiology, & c., reviewed, xvii. 13 et seq.opposition to the publication of this work injudicious, 14his opinion of the materiality of the soul, ib.arrangement of the argument, 15varieties of organization not shown to ex- ert their influence in mental phenomena by material arrrange- ment, 17general principle of Mr Lawrence, that the white excel the dark species, 20the human species differ from the brute not by gradation, 22 et seq.size and proportion of the brain, and relation to the nerves, 25 et seq.time of the con- nexion of soul and body unknown, 27Mr Lawrences hypoth- esis unsupported, ib.notion of life explained, 28needless at- tack on the inspiration of the Scriptures, 29. on the causes of the varieties of the human spe- cies, xix. 409. Lawrence, Thomas Beach, his Address at the Eleventh Exhibition of the American Academy of Fine Arts, noticed, xxi. 455 quoted, 461. Laus, imperfection of, the cause of crime, ix. 285influence~ of, in the prevention of crime, 290modes in which they operate, ib. of Massachusetts, new edition of, by Professor Stearns and Mr Shaw, reviewed, xvii. 69 et seq.examination of the de- partures of the laws of Massachusetts from the English law, 21 English common law differs from that received as such in America, 72discretion used by the colonists respecting being bound by the English law, 74their character modifies their la~vs, 77account of the colonial code, ib.church members only to be freemen, 79administration of justice by the early colonists, 80 et notecode promulgn~ted in 1648, 81 et seq. form of church worship, 82militia laws, ib.municipal pro- visions, 83la~vs regulating marriage and divorce, ib.provi- sions for public schools, 84tenures adopted by the colonists, ib.registry of deeds, 85administration of justice, ib.no 220 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW~ E VOLS. writs issued in the kings name, 86method of taking the oath, 87criminal law, ib. et seq.abrogation of the colonial laws in 1683, 90. Laws, tardy progress of improvement in, xxii. 253 et seq.recent progress in England, 255more uneinbarrassed in the United States, ib.examples of Louisiana and New York, 257of in- surance, 264. looseness with which they are enacted by the legislatures of the states, xxiv. 199imperfections of, and evils of their admin- istration, 346 et seq. written, impossibility of adapting, to all cases which may arise, viii. 64. Lawson, his History of North Carolina, xxiii. 288. Lawyers, European, disqualified by their education and habits for statesmen, ii. 74American, difference of, 75. _______ English, their jealousy of all foreign law, xx. 60 et seq. bad consequences of this narrow spirit, 62 et seq.change tak- ing place for the better, 64examples of this in Sir James Mackintosh and Lord Stowell, 65 et seq.contrast between English and American, in their subdivisions into classes, 68,- their comparative merits, ib. in Suffolk county, Massachusetts, historical sketch of; xxi. 225 et seq.their professional prospects, 227their re- spectability, 229. _______ eminent, evanescent nature of their reputation, xxiii. 10. Lead mines in Southampton, account of, i. 335. Learning, neglected by the national government, xii. 18fostered by individual states, 19. Leclcrc, the Haytians profit under him in the art of war, xii. 125. Ledyard, John, the Americaii traveller, and first person employed by the London African Association to explore the interior of Africa, xviii. 89his~ journal of a voyage round the world with Cook, 332, 334, notecontains facts not found in any other ac- count, 333was near Cooks person when he was killed, ib . remarks on his singular and eventful life, ib.- his observation on the nature of government among barbarous people, 336 cited, 344his vocabulary of New-Zealand and Otaheitan words, 354. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 221 Ledyard, John, the first American who proposed a trading voyage to the North West Coast, xix, 181, notehis fruitless negoci- ation with Paul Jones at Paris to fit out such a voyage, 182. Lee, Ann, a leader of the sect of Shakers, history of, xvi. 81 et seq.embarks for America, 82stays two years at New York, 83goes to Albany, and makes a settlement a few miles from there, ib.visits for two years different societies of the sect, ib. dies September, 1784, 86. Lee, General Charles, a candidate for superseding General Wash- ington, vi. 91account of his capture by the British, 92his letter to General Gates, 93his objects in the course of con- duct pursued by him in 1776, 93. Lee, Richard Henry, his Life and Correspondence, reviewed, xxii. 373its dedication, 377its character arid typography, 393 educated in England, 378early entrance into public life, 379 speech against the slave trade, ib.a leader of the popular par- ty, 380takes an active part in the early stage of the revolu- tion, 381proposes committees of correspondence in the colo- nies, ib.his measures in the assembly, 383a member of the Continental Congress, ib.drafts General Washingtons com- mission, 385moves for the independence of the colonies, ib. removed from Congress, 395demands an inquiry, and is acquitted, ib.is restored to Congress, ib.opposes the adop- tion of the federal constitution, 396his opinion, quoted, 397 his death, 398. Lee, Richard Henry, his disposition of the papers of his relatives,, commended, xxiii. 294. Lee, Stephen, his observations on light, iii. 40. Lee, Thomas, his early attention to the Western territory, xxii. 378. Legendre, his Geometry, reviewed, xiii. 374, 376 et seq. Legislation, science of, little studied by statesmen, xxii. 253be- ginning to be more attended to, 235. Legislature, the controlling power of a republican government, xxiii. 329not the proper judge of the constitutionality of a law, 331 et seq. Leibnitz, xii. 375. _______ his notion of the origin of the earth, xviii. 275. his remark on the writings of jurisconsults, quoted, xxii. 256. 4 222 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VoLS. Leisure Hours at Sea, Poems by a Midshipman of the United States Navy, noticed, xxii. 453A Song at Sea, quoted, 454. Leland, his Translation of Demosthenes, xxii. 35correct, but wants elegance, 39specimens, 40 et seq. Lelorrain, M., executes the project of removing the Zodiac at Denderah, xvii. 239obtains permission to dig for antiquities, ib.arrives at Denderah, ib.opens the roof by gunpowder to introduce the saws, 245embarks the Zodiac, 24lcircum- stances of its arrival at Cairo, Alexandria, and Marseilles, ib. Leinaistre, Translation of his Leper of Aost, noticed, xxi. 243. Lemon, Mr, discovers the manuscript of Miltons Treatise, xxii. 365. Lengthy, an Americanism, defended by Mr Webster, v. 86. Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians, tradition of their emigration from the West to the shores of the Atlantic, ix. 157their set- tlement and subsequent history, iSStheir wars with the Men- gwe or Iroquois, 159their humiliation by that nation, 160 their enmity to the English, 162their religious notions, 171 their education, ib.their social habits I72condition of their women, ib.their marriages, 173their remarks upon the white people, 174their habits in regard to food, 175their dress, 176their mythology and traditions, 177their language more widely extended than any on this side the Mississippi, 183. Lenni-Lenape, its derivation and meaning, xxii. 68. Leo X, his influence upon the revival of letters, iv. 312. when Cardinal de Medicis, effects the restoration of his family to power in Florence, v. 355his dishonest conduct for this purpose, ib.governs the state through the younger Loren- zo, 357. Leo Africanus, his discoveries in Africa, v. 207.-his account of the Niger, near Tombuctoo, 218of the desert of Zahara, 404. Leper of Aost, noticed, xxi. 243. Le Poivre, his work on Cochin China, xviii. 141. Leprosy, its nature and consequences, xxi. 243. Lesage, alleged larceny committed by, in assuming the authorship of Gil Blas, xxv. 279doubts of his right to it entertained by his contemporaries, 28Opronounced a literary pirate by Father Isla, ib.his works gener~l1y were translations or imi xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 223 tations from the Spanish, 284probably was not the author of Gil Bias, but prepared it from an unpublished manuscript, 302 manner in which he probably caine by it, 303he probably prepared Gil Bias and his Bachelor of Salamanca from the same manuscript. Lescallier, Baron, his Tr6ne Enchant~, from the Persian, review- ed, xii. 365account of, 366. Leslie, Professor, controversy respecting his election, i. 348sin- gular character of, 349. ______ xii. 395. Letter from a country gentleman on modern manners, iv. 306. to an English Gentleman on the Libels and Calumnies on America by British Writers and Reviewers, noticed, xxiv. 464. Letters, alphabetical, French rebus with the names of, i. 204. Letters, men of, their obligation to their country, iii. 297. Letters, from the South, by the Author of John Bull and Brother Jonathan, reviewed, vi. 368the authors attempts at humor, ib.pleasing account of slavery contained in, 370description of Richmond, 371remarks on education contained in, ib. good description of sceiiery, 375of a character, 376descrip- tion of a village sabbath, 377of some traits of manners among the backwoodsmen, 378sorry attempts at humor in, 379. of Hutchinson. Oliver, & c. disclosed at the beginning of the American revolution, xi. 31lawfulness of taking possession of them, 33said to have been done by Dr Williamson, 34the question of the probability of this fact discussed, ib. et seq. Leucippus, founder of the atomic doctrine, xviii. 268. Lewis and Clarke, their expedition gave the first correct informa- tion in regard to the Western territory, xvi. 59full of romantic incident, 61. Lewis, John, his Outlines of the English Language, reviewed, xxiii. I 09his modesty, I 10his view of the use of induction, ib. character of his work, 113a worshipper of John Home Tooke, 114regards the noun as the fundamental material of the language, 116. Lewis, Judge, his strictures on Mr Livingstons system of penal laws, xxiii. 47& Lexicons, Greek, Wyttenbachs remarks on, ix. 416. 224 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs Leyden, Dr, quoted on the climate of Western Africa, xviii. 85. Libby, Mr, his description of the Grand Saline of the Arkansas, iv. 127. Liberal principles in government, their influence in England and America, xxi. 251 et seq. Liberia, colony at, its prosperity, xx. 193success of, as an ex- periment, and present state, 195 et seq.its government, 196 school there recommended, 201arrival there of some lib- erated Africans, ib. et seq. Liberty, civil, progress of, since the French Revolution, xv. 177 et seq.how far it must necessarily keep pace with civilization, 178, 184of Western Europe, 180how to be affected by a military subjugation of Europe, ib. - obstacles to the progress of, in France, xix. 62its ulti- mate success, 67. - of the press, project in the penal code of Louisiana for punishing attacks against, xvii. 253. Liberty, Vision of, a poem, by Henry Ware, xix. 468extracts from it, 469 et seq. Libraries in England, Ireland, and Scotland, ii. 169. ________ in the United States, v. 430in Boston and its neigh- borhood, ib. want of, in the United States, viii. 192are essential to the prosperity of a University and of literature, 193on the means of forming and increasing, 195. in the United States, ix. 246. in America, their deficiency in materials for American history, xxiii. 287establishment of, by the states, an important measure, ibthat of North Carolina, 288. public, in the principal cities of the United States, xxiii. 206. Library of Dresden, destruction of, ii. 208of Gottingen, Heynes services in, 211. L~fc, human, miseries of, iv. 192. principles of, xv. 144organic and animal, 146 et seq.ac- tive and nutritive, 147 et seq. theory of, xvii. 27 et seq.material life, Mr Schmidts opin- ion of, 94 et seq. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 225 Light, Lees observations on, iii. 411P. explanation of the phenomena of, ix. 126. its successive propagation discovered by Roemer, xx. 345 if influenced by gravity, 349. Light of the Hararn, one of the poems in Lalla Rookh, vi. 23. Lincoln, General, notices of, in Massachusetts Historical Collec- tions, ii. 124his excellent character, ib.habits and opinions, 123his character as a military commander, 126his conduct at Savannah, ib.his political character and opinions, 127his religious character, ib.his personal appearance and domestic life, 128. character of, viii. 310. Lindeneau, B. de, his Tables, xx. 309, 342. Lindsay, Rev. 11., his letter on the present state of the seven churches of Asia mentioned in the Apocalypse, iv. 187. Lindsly, Philip, President of Cumberland College, his Inaugural Address, noticed, xxi. 237quoted, 237 et seq. - his Address on Education, xxiv. 219. Linncean Society of New England, Judge Daviss Address before, i. 314labors and prospects of, 320hame of, 325. ii. 314. vi. 141. Linneirns, character of, as a naturalist, i. 317, notevoyages pur- sued by the disciples of, 3.~7 assists in making the Flora Virginica, xiii. 104his la- bors on American botany, 105. quoted, xix. 398his classification of animals, 401, note. Linschoten, his description of an earthquake at the Azores, xiv. 41. Lipsius, xii. 339. Lisbon, the favorite resort of Italian adventurers in the fifteenth century, xxi. 414. Lisiansicy, his account of the Russian settlements, & c. xv. 396 et seq. Literary Gazette, United States, Miscellaneous Poems, selected from, noticed, xxii. 432. Literary History of the Eighteenth Century, by Garat, reviewed, xii. 246. 29 226 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Literary men, on the health of, viii. 176circumstances in the education of, which influence their health, 177. _______ societies, benefit of annual discourses in, xviii. 178. Literature, national, connexion of, with national language, i. 307 various circumstances which influence, 308of the aborig- ines of America, 313. of Anirerica, delinquency of:, ii. 33reputation of, abroad, 34at home, ib.causes of its delinquency, 35 et seq. remedies of, 42. on models in, iii. 202imitation in, 204literature of a country, domestic, 207of the United States, its backward- ness, 297obstacles to the progress of 298. Italian, Augustan age of, iv. 309advance of, in the age of Leo X, 312one of the causes of the reformation, 314. - English, influence of various causes on, v. 301. moral influence of, vi. 230improvement of the moral character of, within the last century, 232state and character of, in the reign of Charles II, 233remarks on the improvement of, in the United States, 37.~ national, imp~rtance of, to each of the minor states of Europe, ix. 78cultivation of, impeded by the use of a dead lan- guage ib. in the United States, xviii. 161reasons why it runs in particular channels, ib.it grows with the other improve- ments of the country, 162. national, will always be peculiar, xix. 304reasons why a foreign literature will not be in harmony with the taste acquired at home, 305literature of Germany, ib. influence of the novel political organization of the United States on, xx. 429has generally been the fruit of monarchies and despotisins, 435. sacred, its late rapid progress in America, xxiii. 80 increase of books relating to, 81circumstances which promote attention to it, 82attention necessarily confined to a limited field in America, 84what this is, 85language of the New Testament, ib.its departure from the pure Greek idiom, ib. et seq.causes, 89mode of studying, 92pt ogress of the Ger- mans in, 107superiority of their books, ib.deficiencies of the English, 108. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 227 Literature, female, xxiii. See Female. Lithography, its origin and history, xviii. 188 et seq.invented by Sennefelder at Munich, ib .mode of operating, 189the art introduced into Paris by Count Lasteyrie, ib.adopted by Westall in England, 190Lasteyries method as described by Professor Griscorn, ibobjects which can be best represented by it, ib.much cheaper tl~an the old mode on copper, 191. Litigation does not grow out of the uncertainty of the law, xx. 415. Littleton, his Tenures, style of, praised by Sir William Jones, xiii. 1, 252edition of, by M. Houard, 7, 282Cokes commentary on, 281 et seq. See Lyttieton. Liverpool, number and qualification of its electors, xiii. 353. _______ its increase compared with American cities, xx. 100 et seq. Liverpool, Lord, his speech cencerning the independence of South America, xix. 162. Livingston, Mr, famous resolution of; relating to Jays treaty, xxv. 154. Livingston, Edward, his Report on a Penal Code for Louisiana, reviewed, xvii. 242 et seq. See Penal Code of Louzszana. _________ bis Digest of the Criminal Jurisprudence of Louisiana, xxiii. 23strictures on his system of penal la~vs, 478. Livy, Machiavels Discourses on, their probable object, v. 360. compared with Tacitus, vi. 327. stojies of the existence of his entire history, not true, xii. 386. Llorente, J. A., his Critical Observations on Gil Blas, reviewed, xxv. 278his zeal in asserting the claims of his country to the authorship of tbis romance, 279his singular error concerning the topography of Madrid, 294attempts to fix the date of Gil Bias before the time of Lesage, 297is answered by NeufcM- teau, ib.probability that his supposition of the authorship is true, 302his theory of tbe manner in which it came into the hands of Lesage, 303assigns the real authorship to Don An~ tonio de Solis, 305. Loccenius, a writer on maritime law in the seventeenth century, vii. 336. 228 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Locke, anecdote of:, viii. 432. his constitution for North Carolina, xii. 22. his constitution for South Carolina, xiv. 310. his refutation of the doctrine of innate ideas nearly the same as that of Aristotle, xviii. 252. xix. 9, 10. on a reformation of language, xxiii. 118recommends at- tention to particles, ib. Logan, George, his agency in restoring peace with France, vi. 104. Logic, Hedges Elements of:, reviewed, iv. 78its different as- pects under different circumstances, 79is both a science and an art, 80history og ib.influence of Aristotle upon, 81its progress, 82the just methods of reasoning not introduced into systems of:, 83is worthy of study and attention, 85its relation to grammar and rhetoric, 87of the inductive and an- alogical modes of reasoning, 88 et seq. Logos, use of the term by St John, xxiii. 105. London, account of, by a French traveller, ii. 246fashionable life in, 249. Institution, address at laying the corner-stone of, iii. 157. approach to it described, xviii. 179. Long, Stephen H., his Account of the Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, reviewed, xvi. 242 et seq.Cumberland road de- scribed, ib.arrives at Louisville, 244arrives at the mouth of the Ohio, 245passes the Grand Tower, ib.the lands in Kas- kaskias unjustifiably obtained, ib.arrives at St Louis, 246 identity supposed of Asiatic and American shells, ib.connexion of the native American population with that of the Asiatic isles, 247prize question relative to the subject, by the Society of Geography at Paris, ib.account of the dog-dance, 252whiter quarters, 253Indians not alarmed by martial music and guns, 255extracts from winter journal of the party at the garrison, 256 et seq.the Snake Indians devour ants, ib.torment suf- fered as expiations by the Minnetarees, 259human sacrifices among the Pawnees, 260language of signs, described, 262. Major Long returns to the Council Bluff, 263excursion to the source of the river Platte, ib.description of bison herds, 264 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 229 obtains a view of the Rocky Mountains, 265the mirage seen, ib. Highest or James Peak visited, ib.descent of the river Arkansa, 266loss of their manuscripts, 267execution of the work, commended, ib.parsimony which defeated the original conception of the expedition, censured, 268compara- tive resources of foreign nations with ours, ib. Long, Stephen H., his Second Expedition, xxi. 178his zeal and industry commended, 179his remarks on the military fea- tures of the country between lakes Superior and Winnipeck, 182. little added to our knowledge of the native Americans, by means of his expeditions, xxii. 61his obser- vations hasty, iWtrusted too much to interpreters, 62. Longfellow, Mr, character of his contributions to the United States Literary Gazette, xxii. 439his Hymn of the Moravian Nuns, quoted, ib. Longitude of Harvard University, i. 375. of the moon, equation of the, xx. 335 et seq. Lord North, his conversation with Quincy, xxii. 195. Lord of the Isles, a poem by Walter Scott, reviewed, i. 275plan of the poem, ibextracts from 277 et seq. Lorenzo de Medici, his scholarship, and liberal patronage of liter- ature, xix. 342-described by Machiavelli, 351. LQfteries, a species of gaming, effects of, in producing crime, ix. 302. Loudoun, Lord, resistance to the demands of, in Massachusetts Bay, vi. 305. Louis XI, of France, desirous to introduce uniformity in the laws, & c. of France, xiii. 9. Louis XII, xix. 53. Louis XIV, his marine ordinance, xiii. 19. the effect of his character on French and English poetry, xvi. 136. strictures on his character and reign, xix. 54. Louis XVI, real character and disposition of viii. 30, 33origin of the mistakes in his conduct, 34his attempted escape and arrest, 40gratitude of Americans to, 44~ 4 230 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Louis XVI., portrait of his character by Madame Campan, xviii. 1 1. his love for the mechanical arts, especially for working in iron and hammering out locks and keys, ib.a rigid observer of the rules of the church, ib.anecdote of his conveying anvils and iron tools into his private library, and working there with a locksmith, 12his dialogue with Cardi- nal de Rohan concerning the famous diamond necklace, 14 queens character of him, 25remarkable instance of his ineffi- ciency, 26his timid and wavering conduct when attacked in his palace on the 10th of August, 30 et seq. Louis XVIII, portrait of his character as drawn by Madame Campan, xviii. 12. Louis Bonaparte, his independence as king of Holland, xxi. 280 still respected by his former subjects, 282universally be- loved when king, ~i93. Louisburgh, surrender og after a siege of forty-nine days, six. 143. Louisiana, culture of the cane and manufacture of sugar in, ~. 240. Historical Memoirs of the War in, iii. 232description of the bayous, prairies, & c. of, 247departure of the British from, 258narrow spirit exhibited by the state towards Gener- al Jackson, 262. treaty for the cession of it to the United States of America, x. 160how affecting the Missouri qu~stion, 161. law decisions in, reported, and law digested, by Mar- tin, xiii. 5receives its name, 77settlement of, ib.English expedition to, ib.English claim to, ibcontests between the French and English colonies, 79negotiations between France and England, 80boundaries unsettled, 81boundaries fixed, 82 et seq.ceded by France to Spain, 84treaty of 1795 be- tween Spain and the United States, 85ceded to France by the treaty of St Ildephonso, 86ceded by France to the United States, ibextent of territory ceded to the United States, ib. et seqletter of Talleyrand on the boundaries, 89. state o1, Report of a Penal Code for, reviewed, xvii. 242 et seq.circumstances propitious to its trial, 243necessi- ty of a new code from the peculiar situation of Louisiana, 244. I XXV.] GENERAL INDEX. 231 Louisiana treaty, its provisions, xxi. 298. cost of its purchase, xxii. l60importance of its ac- quisition, 161. its law based on the civil, xxi i. 23its jurisprudence reduced to a system oP the basis of th~ Napoleon Code, ib.se- lections from its law by Dane, 38treaty, questions arising un- der, made an obstacle to the payment of the French claims, 408 state of this question, 409. treaty, convention, liquidation, and payment of Ameri- can claims under, xxv. 156. Love, whether to be introduced into the drama, x. 296. not the only dramatic passion, xiii. 227, 242 et seq. Lovel, Master, xxii. 180. Lovewell, his celebrated fight with the Indians in New Hampshire, xviii. 35. Low Countries. See Holland. Low, XV., his testimony respecting General Putnam at Bunker Hill, xxii. 465. Lowber, John, his English Common Law Reports, xxi. 377. Lowth, his Lectures on Hebrew Poetry, xii. 11. Loyola. See Ignatius. Lucas, his Cabinet Atlas, contains maps embracing the surface of the whole world, xviii. 388maps showing the comparative heights of the mountains and length of rivers, ib.maps of the United States and the Wesi~ Indies, drawn chiefly by Mr Lucas, 389his maps of South America remarkably well drawn, ib. beautiful execution of his Atlas, 390. Lucian, his two grand qualifications in a historian, xxiii. 275. Lucretius, extolled by Byron, xiii. 462. his poem De Rerum Natur5~ xviii. 270extraordinary for its beauty and poxver, ib.Drydens criticism on it, ib. Casaubon on the purity of its Latinity, 271Cicero its first ed- itor, ib. Ladlarn, Governor, quoted on African wars, xviii. 74. Lully, Raymond, xviii. 264De Gerandos memoirs respecting him, 265. Lunar orbit, difl~culties attending its investigation, xx. 330 et seq. their solution by Clairaut, 331 et seq.tables of halley, 331 232 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Mayer, 332Burg, ib.and Burckhardt, 333lunar mo- tion, its acceleration, ibexplained by La Place, 333 et seq. longitude, equation of. explained by La Place, 336 et seq. time of revolution has ~uffered no change, 355. Lunatics, retreat for, at ~7ork, ii. 271. Lusitana, Candido, cited respecting the discovery of the Azores, xiv. 36his life of the infant Don Henry, ib. Luther, his belief in the approach of the end of nll things, iv. 169. Lyman, Theodore, his Political State of Italy, reviewed, xii. 198 style and character of the work, 201 et seq. 229. Lyttleton, Lord, his opinion of Machiavel, v. 346. See Littleton. M.. Mably, Abb6 de, President Adamss letter to, iv. 48 et seq.note of, to Mr Adams, 57. Macbride, Dr James, notice of, vi. 348. Mac Fingal, & c. See McFingal, & c. Machiavelli, works of, reviewed, v. 344his singular fate, ib. opinions of different parties with respect to his treatise of The Prince, 345and of various authors, 346 et seq.spurious let- ter prefixed to his works in London attributed to the Marquis of Wharton, 348his conduct onty to be explained by the politi- cal state of his country, 349events of his life, 352Secretary of State in Florence under Peter Soderini, ib.accused of par- ticipating in the massacre of Sinigaglia, ib..account of his con- nexion with that affair, 353suspected of conspiracy after the return of the Medici and deprived of office, 3S6composition of his works, iLproposes a constitution for Florence, 357 writes the History of Florence and the Art of War, 358his death, 359character of his writings and of himself, 359 et seq. justice rendered to his memory by his countrymen, 365. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 233 Machiavelli, his portrait of Lorenzo de Medici, xix. 351cu- rious description of himself and his employment, ib. note. Machinery, improvements in, xiv. 401 et seq.of ancient times, ib. reasons for the former slow progress in, 402 et seq.cotton, 403, 408 et seq. 415, 417-~--Arkwright, 403, 408Watt, 404 et seqsteam-engines, ib. et seq.Hornblower, ib.Woolf, 405 Evans, ib. et seq.Hargreaves, Kay, Crompton, 408wool- len, 410flax and hemp, 411for manufacturing metals, 411 et seq.labor saved by, and forces best for, 413 et seq.of one nation a benefit to others, 416rival claims of England, France, aI]d America, 417 et seq.in Germany, Holland, Rus- sia, 419Brunel, Blanchard, ib. multiplication of, one of the greatest advantages deriv- ed to manufacturing industry, xix. 330. opinion that it may be made too perfect, injurious ten- dency of, xxiv. 170. Mackenzie, author of the Man of Feeling, notice of, 1. 346. Mackintosh, Sir James, notice of, i. 344. his censure of the British negotiators at Ghent, x. 352. his Introductory Discourse on the Law of Nations, commended, xx. 64na example of the advantages derived from the study of foreign la~v, lb. Maclary, General, his evidence with respect to the conduct of General Putnam at Bunker Hill battle, vii. 234. Illaclure, Mr, his Geology of the United States, vi. 146. his work on the Geology of the United States, xi. 229. his Observations on the Geology of the United States, xxiii. 205. Macneven, Professor, his edition of Brandes Manual of chemistry, xiv. 370, 376. his edition of Brandes Chemistry, xxiii. 3~52. Mac querrie, river in Ne~v Holland, xvi. 60. iViaculloch, J. R., number and value of his writings on Political Economy, xxv. ll2character of his writings, 113his proper merit, 114his doctrine of wages, examined, uSits incon- sistencies demonstrated, 115 et seqinconsistency of his opin- 30 234 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. L VOLS. ions on the poor laws and on friendly societies, 121his doc- trines essentially the same with those of Adam Smith on the subject of wages, 133adopts the principle of Malthus, 134. Madison, President, his Message of June, 18152, quoted, xxiii. 399. his Talk to the Indians in 1812, xxiv. 3852 extract from, ib. sketch of his opinions on the subject of a new constitution of the United States, xxv. 264. Aliadness, prevalence of, among the Quakers, ii. 272its frequen- cy in England and Scotland, 5273. Madrid, its Prado or public walk, xxi. 58, 61its bull fights, 6~2 et seq. Majfei, xii. 388. Magdelenc hospital, salutary effects of, ix. 303. Magdeleine de la Palud, her remarkable case, x. 4524. Jlifagellanic premium, account of; v. 3452. Magnalia Christi Americana, by Cotton Mather, vi. 255strange story of a spectie ship relatod in, 5258extract from, relati;g to Governor Winthrop, 5259book of the lives of clergymen, con- tained in, 52652notice of the several other books of, 5268 et seq. value of the work, 52752. Magnetical needle, on the variation of, i. 380. Mae, netizing power of the violet rays, vi. 286. Mago, a Carthaginian writer on agriculture, x. 2527. Magyar, the language of the Hungarians, xii. 152. Mahomet compared with Swedenborg, xii. 108. lJlahornetanism, embraced by mnny of the negroes in the central and ~vestera parts of Africa, xviii. 81. lIJiai, of Milan, x. 14his prospectus of an edition of homers Iliad, 525252. his discoveries of ancient manuscripts, xii. 386 et seq.dis- covery of Ulphilas, 394. discovers Ciceros treatise De Republic~, xvii. 39success in his futUre researches anticipated, 41. Mail coaches in the United States, i. 15. Mail, transportation of the, how the laws concerning it are evad- ed, xviii. 52524. Maine, District of, question of its separation from Massachusetts, xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 235 iii. 369its situation and extent, 371its division into sections according to soil and productions, 372according to the face of the country, ib.in regard to climate, 373remarkable fact with regard to the temperature of a particular tract, 374vege- table productions and fertility of:, 376unfounded prejudice against the climate arid prospects of, ibpopulation of, in 1810, 377prospects held out by it to emigrants, 379amount of emigration to, ib.-sale of lands in, 380commerce, manufac- tures, and wealth of, 381 et seq.description of the interior of, 383value of land in, 384on the promotion of emigration to, 385proposed separation of, from Massachusetts proper, 386 means taken to promote it, 389question as to the power to effect this dissolution, considered, 392policy of the measure, 397objected to on account of its increasing the number of states, 397 et seq.other reasons in favor of the separation, con- sidered, 411 et seqwill increase the expense of government, 414injure the business of, 416-- prevent emigration, 417 other disadvantages of the separation, 420its bad effects upon the standing and influence of Massachusetts in the nation, 423. Maine, first settlement of, xv. 24, 41. revision of the laws of, xxiv. 201. Maistre, Count Xavier de, his Russian Tales, xxiv. 188. Malaria, account of it, xi. 65 et seq. of Rome, remarks on, xviii. 195 et seq.season when it prevails, ib.places in which it occurs, ib.once thought to have been a dense exhalation from the Pontine marshes, 196 number of patients suffering under the disease produced by the malaria, received in the hospital at Rome in 1818, and the year following, ib. notePope Pius VI undertook to drain the Pon- tine marshes with the view of stopping the malaria, 197cause not to be sought in the marshas, but in the soil around Rome, 198decline of Rome in the middle ages not to be ascribed to the malaria, 199Gregory Xli did not establish himself at the Lateran on account of the malaria, 200the site of ancient Rome deserted by reason of this pestilence, 201its invasions on the modern city, ib.melancholy result anticipated from the ravages already made, 202no chemical difference has been detected between the malaria and the common air, ib.it is 236 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. known only in its effects, 203desolate appearance of the country ~vhere the malaria prevails, 204. Malay, description of a, xviii. 95. JI~falayan language, radically different from the Polynesian, xxii. 36bspecimen, 362. Malcolm, Sir John, extracts from his account of Persia, iii. 169. History of Persia, iv. 295 et seq.remarks of; on the characters on the ancient Persian bricks, 338. Malleville, assists in drawing up the Projet de Code Civil, xiii. 10. Malta, its inhabitants a distinct race, x. 225in the power of the Arabs for some time, 230. Malte-Brun, his Political and Historical Account of Ali Pacha, reviewed, xviii. 106his character as a writer, 109. Maltese language, x. 225contains some Occidental words, 231 but it is mostly common Arabic, 232is not a written lan- guage, ib. Malthus, T. R., his Observations on the Corn Laws, reviewed, i. 214his statement of the argument respecting the influence of corn on the price of labor, 216his division of the question coa- cerning the corn laws, 2i9consideration of the first point, ib. of the second point, 221of the third point, 228remarks upon his arguments and inferences, 229 of; 233. concluding remarks Godwins Answer to, reviewed, xv. 289charac- ter of his work on Population, ib.cited, 311, 312, 315. See Population. character of his work on Population, xvii. 291 his ratios, examined, ib. copies an error of Ricardo relating to riches and value, xxiv. 179his celebrated theory of population confuted by Everett, 218. germ of the theory of; on population, xxv. 134 original object of his work, ib.principles which he maintains, 135sophistry of his arguments, ib.nature of his reasoning, and its inconsistency, l36--practical illustrations in refutation of his theory, 138his opinions of the state of Norway and Hol- land compared, 142his opinions adopted by Dr Cooper of South Carolina, 444. 1 xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 337 Malynes, his Lex Mercatoria, some account of, xx. 49. Mammoth, its introduction into poetry, xx. 212. Man of expedients, vii. 117. Man, what kind of animal, xii. 312. Alan, an article in Reess Cyclopedia contributed by Mr Law- rence, referred to, xvii. 14. Man, changes in his social and political condition in the present age, xxi. 360. Mandan chiefs, description of, iv. 124. - villages, their decline, xxii. 111. Manderille, a novel, by God~vin, reviewed, vii. 92account of the plan of, with quotations, 97 et seqits character and style, 104 its peculiar merits, 105. Mankind, superficial taste of, xiii. 134 et seq. Manners, refinement of, i. 184-influence of women upon, 185 state of, among the ancients, 186. Manners, modern, hints with regard to, i. 19. Man sfeld, Lord, contributes to the improvement of the common law, vi. 46. epoch in English judicial history, on his accession to the bench, vii. 341his distinguished attainments, character and influence, ib. his opinion in Somersets case, xiii. 44. to great improvement of English maritime law at- tributed him, xx. ~2his administration and improvement of insurance law, 58 et seq. his doctrine on questions concerning seignories, xxi. l22creator of English commercial law, 384. on the multiplication of law hooks, xxii. 28 founder of the great system of English commercial law, 264. Manual of Mineralogy. See Aikin. Manufacture, one of the three branches of national industry, xix. 326its importance in supplying the wants and promoting the wealth of sockty, ib.aided by the work of nature as much as agriculture, 329particularly advanced by the multiplication of machinery and division of labor, 330its influence on the mind of those employed in it, 336. Manufactures, delicacy of legislative interference in, i. 234 course of, in different countries, 235. 238 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Manufactures, domestic, the question of their encouragement dis- cussed, x. 316 et seq.what particular manufactures should be encouraged, 323. the evil of forcing them, xi. 52. encouragement of, xvii. 214 et seq. See Prospects before us. in England, as described by Southey and others, xix. 240 et seq. Manuscript, discovery of a curious one, relative to the Stuart fam~ ily, v. 144. Maps, importance of; vi. 135. Marchmont Nedham, Quincys essays under this signature, quot- ed, xxii. 190. Mareotis Lake, xii. 147. Maret, Duke of Bassano, character of, ii. 174. Margaret, of Scotland, wife of Louis XI, anecdote of her, x. 307. Mariner, Mr, a resident in the Tonga Islands, cited, xviii. 349, 351. Marini, lately deceased at Rome, x. 14. Marion, General, character of; xv. 456 et seq. Maritime law, state of, among the ancients, vii. 323narrow compass of, among the Romans, 327gradual improvement of, 323the Consolato del Mare, system of, 329interest belong- ing to the history of, 332sketch of some of the principal writers on, 333, 343. See Commercial law, xx. Marius, quotation from his speech in Sallust, xiii. 41. Marius, Mr, his advice concerning bills of exchange, xx. 50. Marlborough, Duke of, remark concerning, from the Tattler, ii. 177. xx. 395. Marmontel, note of, to President Adams, iv. 57. epigram of; xii. 265. Marmot, or prairie dog, xxiv. 124. Marriage, among the Algenines, xxii. 425. Married life, Jeremy Taylor, on the duties of; ii. 344. Marsden, Rev. Mr, his visits to New Zealand, xviii. 330his Journal, 332carried horses and cattle to the island, 334pur- chased a tract of land for a missionary establishment, 337de- xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 239 scribes the customs of the natives in regard to the heads of their chiefs killed in battle, 340his amusing description of the speeches of three warriors urging their party to take up arms against a neighboring tribe, 342. Marsh, Bishop, his character of Eichhorns Introduction to the Old Testament, x, 262. Marsh, James, his Inaugural Address as President of Burlington College, xxiv. 470extracts from, 471 et seq. .Marsh, Joseph, xxii. 180. Marshall, author of Arbustum Americanum, xiii. 107. .AJarshal/, Chief Justice, account of, in a Franch work, i. 331. his opinion on a case growing out of the neutral commerce in time of war, v. 115. his opinion in the Dartmouth College case, x. 89. _____________ his Life of Washington, quoted, respect- ing the claims to Louisinna, xiii. 79. _______ his account of President Washingtons deliberation on Jays treaty, xvii. 148 et seq.his decision in the case of the Nereid, 167. president of the Richmond Auxiliary Colonization Society, xviii. 90. _____ his remarks on the subject of the Militia of the United States, xix. 277, 287. his opinion of Garnetts Lectures on Fe- male Education, xx. 444of the influence of the female charac- ter in society, 445. ______ his influence on American jurisprudence, xxi. 128quoted, ib. et seq. his opinion in a case of fraud, xxii. 259. Marshes, their importance as objects of agriculture, iv. 103. on the sea-coast of America, the importance of draining them, xi. 93. Marsh?nan, translator of Confucius, xxii. 290. Marthas Vineyard, visit to, v. 318tradition of the Indians of, ib. situation of the Indian inhabitants of, 319. Martial, Translation of an epigram of, vi. 253. Martin, reporter of decisions, and author of a Digest of the Law of 240 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Louisiana, xiii. 5his Translation of Pothier on Obligations, ib. Martin, his life of St Pierre, reviewed, xiii. 200 et seq. Martin, M. Saint, his Notice of the Zodiac of Denderah, re- viewed, xvii. 233 Ct seq. See Zodiac of Denderak. Martyrs islands, remarks on, xiii. 63Charlevoix shipwrecked on, 94. llliarylanci, pamphlets relating to an important contest in the early history of, i. 154statement of the circumstances of the case according to each party, 135. toleration in, xii. 207. Report and Resolutions of, respecting the appropriation of public lands, xiii. 311 et seq.Resolutions respecting the Virginia claim to the Western lands, 317refusal of, to join the confederation, 318attention of, to education, 338 et seq. defects in the constitution of the former university of, 339 present university of, 341St Marys College, ib. settlement of, xv. 24. reports of canal commissioners in, xviii. 217. its first settlement, xx. 101early act of toleration, 101 et seq.amount of its crop of tobacco, 104. lllosiipee, an Indian colony, account of, ii. 111character and sit- uation of the Indians, 112 et seq. ]Ilasias, his Codex of the Syriac Ilexapla, x. 8. Maskeli~ne, astronomer royal in 1765, xx. 323his valuable ob- servations, ib.complimnent from the French Board of Longi tude, 323their letter, 324, notehis Catalogue of the Funda- mental Stars, 324. Mason, Lowell, his Address on Church Music, noticed, xxiv. 244. Mason, William P., his Reports of Cases in the Circuit Court of the United States, viii. 253notices of the contents of, 268 et seq. Masonry, forbidden in Brazil, but made a secret political instru- merit, v. 230. Masoretic points, (See Vowel points.)commentary, iv. 72. text, its antiquity, x. 8no manuscripts of the Bible old- er than this text, ib.Dr Buchanans pretensions to the discov- ery of an older text, 12. Alassachuscttcnsis, Letters of, ix. 376a valuable document in the history of the Revolution, 4O3analysis of, 404. i xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 241 Massachusetts, return of the number of slaves in, in 1754, ii. 122. returns of the Inspectors of, iii. 151measures of the democratic party in, 234denounced by the national gov- ernment, 236political connexion of with the District of Maine, 388its proposed disolution, considered, 391unfavorable in- fluence of the measure upon the standing of Massachusetts in the nation, 423. See Maine. and Nova Scotia, controversy respecting the divid- ing line between, vi. 122how settled, 123colony of, its re- sistance to Sir Edmund Andross, 303early spirit of resistance to the, mother country in, 307origin of the committee of cor- respondence in, 310. controversy of, with the other New England colo- nies relative to the Dutch, viii. 95decision of, against the ex- pediency of war, 101conduct of, wholly defensible, 103dis- sents from the determination of the commissioners of the New England confederation relative to war with the Indians and the Dutch, 104. origin of the name of, ix. 372facts with regard to the first settlement of, 373origin of the writs of assistance in, and procee(lings relating to them, 382language of the gover- nor of, on that occasion, 383remonstrance of the Legislature of, against the arbitrary acts of the governor ,3S4excitement produced in, by the tax acts of 1762, 387instructions of the House of Representatives of, to their agent in London, 388 petition of, to the House of Commons, 393circumstances which show the prominent part taken by, in the Revolution, 395 et seq. convention in, for revising the constitution, xii. 340 Mr Adams, late president of the United States, a member, 341 most interesting subjects discussed, 342Speeches of Messrs Story and Webster, ib. obscurity of her charter, respecting her territory, xiii. 315criminal laws of, 429 et seq.state prison, 432 et seq. 438law respecting convicts, 436. censure of, by An Englishwoman, xiv. 16a his- tory of, a desideratum, 389. its law of exemptions from militia duty, xix. 280 free schools in, 448 et seq. 31 212 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. E VOLS. Aliassackusetts, local law of; its relation to that of other states, xxiii. 18third article in its bill of rights, Danes construction of, 29. a history of, a desideratum, xxiv. 24first colonists of. See New England. convention in, for deciding on the federal constitu- tion, xxv. 271interest taken in the proceedings of, ib.Mr Kings account of the proceedings of, 272account of individ- uals and parties in, 273circumstances finally leading to the ratification by, 274. Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections of, reviewed, ii. 109. See Society. --. vi. 47. xi. 104. Massachusetts Institution, plan of; ii. 309report to the legisla- ture, concerning, 310. ]PJiassacltusetts Peace Society, Dr Wares Address before the, xx. 455. Massachusetts Reports, by D. A. Tyng, reviewed, vii. 184de- cision under the statute of 1811, respecting public worship and religious freedom, 188decision relating to a statute of the Unit- ed States, 189that nothing short of a criminal or fraudulent act constitutes barratry, l90concerning the wages and provi- sions of a crew during detention by hostile seizure, ib.on the rules of evidence, 192with regard to the statute of limitations in case of a foreigner, ib . d eficiences and errors of this vol- ume, 196. by Mr Pickering, noticed, xxiii. 217ad- vantages of their early publication, ib . notices of some of the decisions, ib. Massuchusetts State Papers, reviewed, xi. 306 et seq. ]IJiateria Medica, Treatise on, by Dr Bigelow, reviewed, xvi. 365 et seq,nature of the work, 366considered as complete, ib. adulteration of medicines, 367misapplication of medical names, 369Dr Bigelows opinion on the importance of chem- ical relations in drugs, 371uses and exhibition of medicines, 372reasons for preferring Dr Bigelows work, 373 et seq. account of the national Pharmacopoila, 375 et seq.2general con- vention of medical delegates at Washington, 376its imperfec xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 243 tions, ib.objects of the national Pharmacopmia, 377its mer- its, 378. ]Ilatkematical and Physical papers of the Institute for 1813 and 1814, ii. 51. Mathematical studies, no disproportionate attention paid to, in the United States, vi. 371. Mathematics, Ogilvies Essay on the Study of, iv. 396its ex- travagance, ib. effects of, on the mind, xiii. 364 et seq.Lacroixs remarks on the study of, 366Lacroixs Arithmetic, 366 et seq. Condorcets Moyen dApprendre ~ Compter, 367Eulers Alge- bra, 368Lacroixs Algebra, 366, 370 et seq.in France, England, and the United States, 374Legendres Geometry, 374, 376 et seq. study og at West Point, xxiii. 270attention paid to it, ib. Mather, Cotton, his Life of Sir William Phips, iii. 308extracts from, relating to witchcraft, 311. his Magnalia, vi. 255his character, 256instance of his superstition, 257his account of Governor Winthrop, 259 his rage for punning, 266his account of Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians, 267of Harvard College, 268of the Quakers, 271. on Indian names, quoted, xxii. 360, note. remark of, respecting reading sermons, examin- ed, xxv. 213. Matsmai, the southernmost of the Kurilian islands, x. 34de- scription of its inhabitants, 47their language, ib. Matter, nature of the general powers of:, ix. l2lanalogy between their laws, 124. Matthw i, his edition of the New Testament, xv. 480. ]Ilatthi 03, his German Greek Grammar, x. 6his authority on the pronunciation of Greek, 278. _______ his Greek Grammar, xviii. 100. Maturin, Mr, his Woman, reviewed, viii. uSinstances of coarseness and extravagance both in manner and spirit, 131 moral effect of his writings considered, 132his stories hinge too much on the selfish passions, ib.his excellences and de- fects, 133. 244 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [VOLS. Maturin, Mr, xii. 368. Maipertais, anecdote of; xx. 355, note. Mavromiclialis, Prince, his character, xvii. 417. ]JJiazcy, V., his Report relative to the appropriation of public lands for the purposes of education, xiii. 310 et seq.his remarks on the equal rights of each state, 311on appropriations by Con- gress, 3520on the general and local benefit from appropriating public lands for the purposes of education, and on the effects of emigration, 3527 et seq.his Reports commended, 3452. May, supposed the Maltese language to be of Punic origin, x. 52529. ]JIay, James, his relation of an anecdote illustrative of the con- nexion of the British and Indians, xxiv. 378. Mayer, Tobias, a German astronomer, x. 270his T~b~es gained a part of the longitude prize, ib. pursues the study of astronomy at Gdttingen, xx. 314his Lunar Tables, 315. McBride. See Macbride. MeFingal, a poem, by Trumbull, vii. 201. McKenney. See MKenney. MicKenzie, Mcintosh, McGlary, MeGlure, MeNeven, MeCullock, See Mackenzie, & c. McQaeen. See ]JIQueen. Meadicy, his Memoirs of Algernon Sydney, reviewed, xiv. 59 et seqcommended, 86. Measures, xiv. See JVeights. Mecca, description of the pilgrims who arrive there, xi. 289. Mechanics, associations of; for improvement, xxiii. 63approved and recommended, 64. Mecklin, Archbishop of, (Abbd du Pradt) his character of Maret, ii. 174anecdote of; 176. Mecklenburgh declaration of independence, xii. 35. Medical Botany of America, by Dr Bigelow, and another by Dr Barton, announced, v. 434. of America, works on, reviewed, vi. 347simulta- neous appearance of; unfavorable, 349proper objects of such works, 350Professor Bartons work on, 351Professor Bige- lows work on, 361. Medical College of Harvard University, iv. 5284. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 245 Medical colleges and schools in the United States, xviii. 171. ______- schools in America, their progress and history, xxii. 226. lJledici, family of the, their power in Florence, v. 349accession of Peter and his unpopularity, 349enters into an alliance with the king of Naples against the French, 350submits himself to the French king, ib.is discarded by the Florentines and his family exiled, 351attempt of the Cardinal de Medicis to re- cover the authority of the family, 355discovery of a conspira- cy against the family, 356. Medici, family of the, its patronage of letters, xix. 342. Aledicine, its first records, viii. 218its progress in successive ages, 219legitimate objects of the history of, 220qualifica- tions of the historian of:, ib.simplicity of, in the earliest ages, 221subsequent in its origin to surgery, ib.state of, in Egypt and~ India, 222system of, according to Hermes Trismegistus, 2~3state of, among the Jews, 225among the Hindoos, 226 in ancient Greece, resembled that of all other civilized na- tions, 227was first divine, then heroic, 228practice of medi- cine in the temples of, 232connexion of, with religion, 235 late origin of, in Rome, ib.new era of; in Greece, 237the first germs of a rational and scientific study of, existed there3 ib.connexion of the philosophical system of Pythagoras with, 239change in the character of, after the time of Pythagoras, 240reformation of, by Hippocrates, 241of the dogmatic school of, 243school of, in Alexandria, 246empiric school of, 247various subsequent revolutions in, 248 et seq.ap- pearance of Galen and his influence upon, 250 et seq.degrad- ed state of, in the dark ages, 251. ]Pliedwin, Captain Thomas, authenticity of his conversations of Lord Byron, questioned, xxi. 301his general credibility proba- ble, ib.grounds for this opinion, 301 et seq.his description of Lord Byron at the funeral of Shelley, 353. Melancholy, Address to, by a maniac, iii. 337. Mieichior Cano, opposes successfully the Society of Jesuits at Sal- amanca, vi. 131his opinion of them, 133. Mcli, a Sicilian chemist, a song of his inserted, xx. 146 et seq. llJiellen, Chief Justice, his opinion in case of the proprietors of Kennebeck purchase, & c. cited, xxii. 31law declared un- constitutional, 32. 246 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Mellen, Grenville, his Ode for the Celebration of Bunker Hill hat- tie, noticed, xxii. 209quoted, 211his Lines on Mount Wash- ington, quoted, 442. Melody in music, deffinition of, vi. 78. Memorial, The. See The Memorial, xxiv. Memorial, New Englands, by Nathannel Morton, xxv. 207.testi- monials to the work, ib.its objects and value, 208Judge Daviss edition of, 209. Memory, the basis of Browns Philosophy of Mind, xix. 13. observations on, contained in Reeds Growth of the Mind, xxiv. 64connexion of, with the affections, ib. .llienander, Plutarchs judgment of, xiv. 293. Mendez, Mr, his remarks on the Laws of the Indies, xix. 169on the Royal Audiences and other Courts of justice in South America, 173. Miendicity in England, ii. 178anecdote relating to, ib. Menendez, his voyage to Florida, xiii. 71his perfidy, 72his ad- ministration of the government of Florida, 91his d~eath, 92. Mengs, restores the taste for the antique, x. 372. Mennais, Abb6 de Ia, his Essai sur lIndifiiSrence en Matk~re de Religion, reviewed, xii. 371bigoted, 374opposed to Lan- casterian schools, 382eloquent extracts from, ib. Mercer, General, death of, at the battle of Princeton, vi. 96his pure and elevated patriotism, 97account of his escape after the battle of Braddock, ib. Mercer, Charles F., his Address at the first meeting of the Colonization Society, xv iii. 42extract from his letter, 49, Merchants, elevation of the character og in modern times, iii. 91 rank of, in the United States, ib. Merit and demerit, Dr Smiths theory of, stated, viii. 383Humes definition of, 385nature of, examined, 383. Merrimack and Connecticut rivers, survey of a route for the union of, iii. 427. Message, Presidents, respecting Russian claims, xv. 370. Mesurado, Cape, on the west coast of Africa, xviii. 52territory purchased there by Lieutenant Stockton and Dr Ayres, for the American Colonization Society, 53troubles with the neigh- boring chiefs after the contract was made and the colonists had arrived, 56houses erected and colonists established, ib..hos I XXV.] GENERAL INDEX. 247 tilities of the natives, ib.fortification erected by Captain Spence, 57regular sailing packet between Baltimore and Mesurado, ib.local situation favorable, SStestimony of sev- eral writers to its general healthiness, ib. et seq. Metaphysics, xix. 1. See Philosophy of Mind. lJletastasio, monotonous sweetness of his poetry, xxi. 2llopin- ions of critics with regard to it, 211 et seq. Metcalf, Theron. See Yelverton. xiv. his comments on law books, commended, xxiii. 13. his Digest of Cases decided in the Supreme Ju dicial Court of Massachusetts, noticed, xx. 458. Metempsychosis, Jlindoo doctrine of, ix. 52it was once proba- bly universal, ib.different modifications of, ib. Meteor at Weston in Connecticut, notice of Mr Bowditchs paper on, i. 370. Meteoric phenomenon, account of an extraordinary one, iii. 320. stones, Dr Brewsters theory og vi. 216. stones, theories respecting, xiv. 374. Meteorological observations at Bowdoin College, i. 122, 287at Cambridge, 125, 285, 437at Albany, 126, 289, 439abstract of meteorological observations taken at Cambridge from 1790 to 1813, 382. ii. 131 et seq. 277 et seq. iii. 132, et seq. 284, 426. iv. 129, 283, 420. v. 149, 299, 439. ~~... at Cambridge, vi. 149, 292, 438at Brunswick, 149, 438at Lexington, 150. at Cambridge, vii. l48at Bruns- wick. ib. Methodists in America, xviii. 173. Metlin, Robert, anecdote of his walking to Boston, xxii. 219. Meton, reinvented the golden cycle, xii. 161. Metternich, Prince, his character and influence, xxi. 148. Meusel, his Bibliotheca Historica imperfect on the article of Ph~ze- nician coins, x. 228. Mexican pyramids, xvi. 14method of computing time, 17. Mexicans, a fierce and warlike people, xx. 283their emperor elective, ib. 248 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Mexico, account of, xiv. 423 et seq.Robinson~s ma~ of, 430 mines of, 427, 431 et seq.mine Yalenciana, 432 et seq. Obregon, Count de la Valenciana, 432 et seq.establishments for science and the fine arts, 435revolution in, 436 et seq. declaration of independence, and new constitution, 438 et seq. ODonoju, 441 et sequnlimited power of Iturbide, 445. M. de Humboldts account of; xvi. strongly recommended, 13our most important frontier, ib. University of, xix. 195constitution of:, 207. its present favorable political prospects, xx. 77its federal system only an experiment of uncertain, success, 78sfate of education, 93its conquest by Spain more arduous than thatof Peru, 283an elective empire, ib. (See Poinsett.)city of:, visited by Mr Poinsett, 88account of the city at its conquest; its extent, splendor, & c., SS et seq.Thomas Gages account of it, quoted, 89 et seq.its present state described by Mr Poinsett, 90, 93. products of its mines of precious metals, xxi. 430Report of a committee of its congress on an increase of tax on exporta- tion of gold and silver, 430, 434liberal and sound principles of the report, 437interest of the nation to encourage exporta- tion of coin, 438beneficial influence of free commerce upon it, 440 et seq.devotion of the government to the best interests of the nation, 440restoration of colleges, 441establishment of schools, 442laudable efforts to preserve ancient documents, ib.improvement in its manufactures, 443its cheering pros- pects, ib. government of the new states of, in successful operation, xxii. 462preference of the federal to the central form of the republic, 463European interest in Mexico, 464. a federal republic, xxiii. 474its means of defence, 475 its foreign relation, 476its established religion, ib.its cler- gy, 477its separate states, ib. Meyendw if, Baron, account of the Russian Embassy to Bukharia, xxv. 308his account of the females of the country, .330. Aliezerai, the historian, anecdote of; xx. 141. Mezzofante, celebrated scholar at Bologna, x. 14. A/IFingal. See ]JlcFingal. Miarnies, their defection to the British, xxiv. 418. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 249 Miantunnomok, sachem of the Narragansetts, his trial and execu- tion, xxiv. 30 et seq. Micale, his Italy before the Romans, xvi. 429. Michael Angelo, xii. 184. Michael, St, Dr Websters Description of, reviewed, xiv. 34. Michaelis, x. 228. 231, 262. ~ commended, xii. 11publishes an edition of Lowths Lectures on Hebrew Poetry, ib. Michaux the elder, and his writings, account of, xiii. 108. Michaux the younger, his botanical works, xiii. 109. ]Ilichillinzackinac, island of, described, xxv. 350. Micmacs, a tribe of Indians in Nova Scotia converted to Christi- anity by the French, xix. 149. Middleborough, account of a lake in the town of, v. 313. Middleton, of Charleston, his Essay on Cyclopian Walls, xii. 195. Middletown, in Connecticut, its general healthiness, xvii. 327.. analysis of the yellow-fever cases in, 337. Milan decree, xxiii. 389its chief operation on the United States, 390. Military, Academy. See West Point. xxiii. glory, too highly estimated, xiii. 167 et seq. laws of the United States. See Army. profession, the existence of; one of the principal causes of war, vi. 31. spirit of Europe, ii. 409. Militia of the United States, ix. 232. of the United States, Washingtons remark on the, xix. 275its condition before the revolution, 276power over it vested in Congress by the Constitution, 277General Knoxs plan, ib.first successful legislation on the subject, 278per- sons to be enrolled, ib.militia ought to be armed at the ex- pense of the national government, 279importance of training, 280rules of exemption, ib.mode of collecting returns and reports, 281modes of discipline, 282ought to be the same as those of the army, and uniform in every part of the country, ib.General Bernards opinion on this subject, 283rules of in- spection, 284laws of Congress providing for calling out the militia according to the Constitution, ib.power of the Presi- 32 250 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. dent in executing these laws, 236classification of the militia, 287, 290the plan of encampments objectionable, 288laws putting certain drafts of militia under control of the President, 290General Sumners remarks, 292utility of the militia, ib.examples of its prowess and success in actual warfare, 293. Militia system in Colombia, the cause of the insurrection in Vene- zuela, xxv. 99. Mill, James, some views of, relating to the increase of capital, stated and considered, xxv. 419. iVijil, his critical edition of the New Testament, account and character of xv. 473. Miller, W. W., his Address for the Benefit of the Greeks, xviii. 411. Miller, Samuel, his Discourse before the Literary and Philosoph- ical Society of New Jersey, noticed, xxii. 226. Miillot, Abb6, his Military and Political Memoirs collected from the Documents of the Duke de Noailles, i. 56his account of the Duke, 57. Milman, II. 11., his Lord of the Bright City, reviewed, ix. 26 belongs to the class of scholar poets, 27his defects, ib... his characters and incidents, 28remarks on his poetry, 35. Milton, comparison of, with Dante, viii. 342remarks on his char- acter of the infernal spirits, 344was indebted to Dante, 345 his peculiar superiority in the description of terrestrial objects, 346. first brought into general notice by Addison, x. 26. Byrons remarks on, xiii. 462, 466 et seq.his poems su- perior to Popes, 469melody of his versification, 472. his profound acquaintance with Italian literature, xix. 339 Boileaus praise of his Italian pieces, ib.cited, 377, 339, note. his reasons for not taking orders, quoted, xxii. 366his opinions in religion, 367 et seq.his Treatise on Christian Doctrine, reviewed, 364authenticity of the work, ib.how preserved and discovered, 365the manuscript, described, 366 character of the work, 367how far Calvinistic, ib.antitrini- tarian, 368his opinions respecting the creation, ib.quoted, 369respecting the form of the Deity, 370the Sabbath, mar- riage, death, 371value of the treatise, 372. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 5251 Milton, Selection from the English Prose Works of, reviewed, xxv. 73value of his prose writings, ib.greatness of his character most completely disclosed in these works, 74causes of their want of popularity, 75their bitter and controversial spirit, ib. his regard for the truth, 81principal objects of his attack, the prelacy and kingly government, 852quotations from his Are- opagitica, a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, 83 from his Reason of Church Government urged against Pre- laty, 84 et seq.his intemperate and abusive language, and lit- erary faults of style, 36his opinions in advance of his age, 88. ]Plind, sketch of the progress of, viii. 158influence of, on the body, 176. the human, remarks on its faculties and operations, xiii. 385 et seq.free agency of, 386 et seq. - Philosophy of, xix. 1. See Brown. Philosophy of, xxi. See Brown. - Growth of the. See Reed, xxiv. Mind, Godfried, the painter, notice of, ii. 181. Miner and Tully, Doctors, their Essays on Fevers, reviewed, xvii. 323 et seq. Mineralogy, necessity and difficulties of the scientific arrangement of, v. 74its connexion with chemistry, 75want of taste for, among general readers, 409zeal of the cultivators of, 410 wants the sanction of taste and fashion which it possesses abroad, 411interest given to, by Sir Humphrey Davy, ib. effects of its becoming fashionable, ib.state of the science in this country, 4152analysis of the elementary work of Pro- fessor Cleveland, 413schools of mineralogy now existing, 4521 circumstances of difference, ib. et seq.objection to the chemical method of arrangement, 423the system of Ilauy, 425of Werner, 426. increased attention to it in America, xi. 226value of this branch of science, 228. of the United States, xv. 238, 244, 246. in the United States, xxiii. 205study of, at West Point, 269. _____ Comstocks Elements of, noticed, xxiv. 487. Minerals, their properties, and modes of judging of them, v. 78 et seq. 252 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. Minerals, American, Dr Robinsons Catalogue of, xxi. 233. Mines of the Southern republics of America, the objects of modern speculation, xxiv. 293advantageous results of their being worked, 296difficulties to be encountered, 298account of that of San Pedro Nolasco, 307hardships of the laborers in, 309. 1J1lntosh. See Mackintosh. Mirabeau, anecdote of, ii. 266. his commendation of the Dutch historian, Hooft, ix. 80. his advice to Rousseau, xv. 4his works, reviewed, 73 political character of, ib.oratory of, 75, 83his writings, 82 et seq.his private history, 84his person and manner, 86 specimens of the eloquence of, 88 et seq. Miracles, Swedenborgs opinions on, cited and reprobated, xii. 91 et seq.calculated to draw the attention of mankind to Christi- anity, 94. Miseries of Human Life, iv. 192. Mission to the Sandwich Islands, xxii. 337names of the persons composing it, ib. notetheir reception, 343tour round Hawaii, 344 et seq.stations, 354difficulties in translating the Scrip- tures, 360probable success, 362encouragement, schools, 363. Missionaries, Catholic, collect a mass of materials for the study of Chinese, xvii. 3. Register, cited, xviii. 347. Missionary establishments for the Indians, praised, xvi. 42 et seq. the instruction of the Indians in the arts of life recommend- ed, ib.school at Cornwall, praised, 43at Harmony for the Osages, relinquished, 44. establishments in New Zealand, xviii. 330, 332lands purchased of the natives by the missionaries, 337their exer- tions and perils, 354. ______ establishments for Indian youth, xxiv. 408their ex- penditures, ib. Mississippi, description of the bayous, prairies, and levees of, near New Orleans, iii. 247annual rise of, 248. slavery, why admitted in this state, x. 152. Delta of the, xii. 147. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 253 Mississippi, expedition to explore, xiii. 76. source of the, xv, 241, 243. Valley of the, xxi. 114. Delta of, its importance as a place of defence, xxiii. 261Valley of:, its growing importance, 355its discovery by the French, 356imperfect knowledge of it, 357Mr Flints travels in, ib.mode of travelling on the river, 361boat- men, 362rapid improvement of the country, 363fleet of boats on the river, 364. free navigation of, negotiation relating to, with Spain, xxiv. 102. Mississippian Scenery, a poem, reviewed, x. 14. .Missouri river and country, iv. 113beauty of the scenery of:, 118 account of the prairie-dog of, 119and of the antelope, 120. question, x. 137 et seq.its history, 147its merits, 154, 371the first just cause of reproach on America for the tolera- tion of slavery, 370. spoken of as the largest river known, xvi. 60brings to the common channel four times as much water as the Mississip- pi, ib.its length more than four thousand miles, ib. Mist6, peak of, in Peru, its great elevation, xix. 266ascended by Haenck, and Mr Curson, ib. Mita, a cruel mode of oppression practised on the Indians in Peru, xix. 200described by Funes, 202false definition of, by the Spanish Academy, 203, notecurious particulars respecting it as employed at Potosi, 204, note. Mitchell, Dr S. L., his remarks on ancient Persian bricks, iv. 351. his explanation of a geological difficulty, viii. 404conjectural character of his notes to Cuviers Theory of the Earth, 411. Mitchell, his translation of Aristophanes, reviewed, xiv. 2~3, 278 a follower of the German school, 278his opinion respecting Socrates, 281. Al Kenney, Thomas L., his Tour to the Lakes, reviewed, xxv. 334 large space in his work devoted to the description of familiar places, ib.his visit to Drummonds Island, 33Switnesses the religious worship of an assembly of Indians, 336describes the mode of taking white-fish at the rapids of the Sault de Ste 254 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [ VOLS. Marie, 337sees an Indian dance or ball, 338enters Lake Superior, 339his narrow escape, 341his description of the scenery at Granite Point, 342of Keweena Point, 343visits an Indian hamlet, 344collects some interesting information with regard to Indians, 346his account of scenery on his re- turn through Lake Superior, 348his views of the Indians of Lake Superior, 349visits Michillimackinac, 350general re- marks on his work, 251. 1I1Kenzie. See Mackenzie. MNeven. See Macneven. Mobile, fever there, x. 408. Mocking bird, American, animated description of, by Mr Nuttall, xvi. 66. Wilsons description of, xxiv. 119. Models in literature, iii. 202dangers from, 204 et seq. Moderns, as compared with the ancients, i. 50. Mohawk tribe of Indians, ix. 149their present state, 150. Mohicans. See The Last of the Mohicans, xxiii. Moldavia, mode in which that province is governed, xi. 290. Moldenhawer, his labors on the New Testament, xv. 480 et seq. Moliere, his best pieces not successful at first, x. 305why he ridiculed physicians, ib.his Femmes Savantes, 306. Molina, his History of Chile, xviii. 292its accuracy and value, ib. translated into English by an American, 293Molina s ac- count of unpublished manuscripts concerning Chile, ib.de- scribes the mines and mining, 298 et seq.on the commerce of Chile, 302. Molloy, de Jure Maritimo et Navali, xx. 50. Monadnock mountain, height of, iii. 287. Monarchs, influence of their opinions, xx. 424instanced in James I, ib. Monarchy, state of, in Europe, ii. 387occurrences under that of England, 388influence of, upon rights, property, & c., 389 state of politics in, compared with that in a republic, ib.con- dition of different classes in, 390. Money, digging for, i. 161. scarcity o~f, causes of, considered, ix. 228 et seq. real value of, how determined, xxi. 437effects of a re- strictive duty on its exportation, ib. xxv.] GENERAL INDEX. 255 Monopoly, there may be a foreign as well as domestic, x. 321. Monroe, President, extract from his Message relative to South America, xxii. 175. his Message to Congress, December, 1823, xxiii. 310. his doctrine on the power of Congress as to internal improvement, xxiv. 22visited by Theobald Wolfe Tone, 334. Montague, xiii. 265succeeds Coke as chief justice of Kings Bench, 270. Montague, Lady M. W., her saying in regard to the religion of the Albanians, xviii. 109. Monteagudo, his Essay on the Necessity of a Confederation of the South American Republics, reviewed, xxii. 162his character, 166. Montes~jwuieu, Baron de, death of, i. 36. anecdotes and conversation of, xii. 248 et seq.his Spirit of Laws overrated, 251his Greatness and Fall of the Romans, 252his Persian Letters, 253dialogue between him and Dr Franklin in Elysium, 347~on the British government, ib. ~___- his theory of the origin of society, xvii. 53his remarks on the effect of persecution, 89. Montgomery, James, Poems of, reviewed, ix. 276his poetical his- tory, 277character of his poetry, 279his successive poems noticed, 283account of his Greenland, 284extracts from it, ib.his smaller poems, 286. his Prose by a Poet, remarks on, xix. 260. Monument to Washington, proposed, ii. 329those of Europe, 330different kinds of, considered, 331 et seq.Report of the committee of the legislature, concerning, 338. Monuments to the dead, custom of the ancients with regard to, v. 121, note. Moon, apparent motion of the earth when seen from the, i. 373. the face of the, vi. 221. See Lunar Orbit, xx. Moore, Thomas, parodies of his songs, iii. 183, 190, 191. his Lines on the Death of Sheridan, iv. 76. 256 NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. [voLs. .Moore, Thomas, his character of as a poet, vi. 1delicacy of his voluptuousness, 3his ingenious and indefatigable fancy, 5 general objections to his poetry, 6review of his Lalla Rookh, 8outline of The Prophet of Khorassan, 9of Paradise and the Pen, 17of The Fire-Worshippers, 18of The Light of the Haram,