Official indoor base ball guide containing the constitution, 1907: a machine-readable transcription.

SPALDING'S Official INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE 1907 1

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CONSTITUTION, BY-LAWS AND PLAYING RULES 5

OFFICERS 6

ADVISORY BOARD 9

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INDOOR BASE BALL 13

INDOOR BASE BALL ORIGIN OF GAME The game of indoor base ball was invented in Chicago in I887. Members of the Farragut Boat Club had as- sembled in- the gymnasium hall on Thanksgiving day of that year and an old boxing glove was carelessly thrown around the room. One of the boys took up a broom and batted the glove back to the thrower, when George W. Hancock suddenly exclaimed, "Say, boys, let's play ball!" Thereupon the huge wrestling mat was hauled around to answer for a diamond and a lively game of "scrub" took place, the broom-handle having been broken off and used for the bat and the unwieldy boxing glove taking the place of a ball. It proved great fun and at its conclusion Mr. Hancock gathered the members around him and unfolded a plan which had occurred to him as the players were sliding around the hall. "I believe this affair can be worked into a regular game of base ball which can be played indoors, and if you all come down Saturday night I'll make up some rules and have a ball and bat which will suit the purpose of the sport and do no damage to the surroundings." And so, on the night announced, two teams were chosen, and Mr. Hancock read the rules he had made up to suit the surroundings and presented to the gaze of the assem- bled members the huge ball and small rubber-tipped bat which have since been identified with the game. The con- test was one of the funniest performances ever witnessed and members and visitors went away loud in their praises of "Indoor Base Ball," as the new sport was christened.

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SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 13 From this beginning, the game has grown until it now reaches out into all parts of the country, and thousands upon thousands are entertained during the winter months either as active participants or as enthusiastic followers of the teams engaged in the sport.

THE GAME'S PROGRESS 17

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SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 17 result was much smaller figures and more on the profes- sional basis of base ball, until now, with numerous clubs and leagues all over the country, the game has reached a scientific standpoint hitherto unsuspected of fulfilment. It can be played in any hall of size which will permit of sufficient light and room for the diamond and fielding, the composition of the floor being immaterial, as the rubber- soled shoes required to be worn will allow running on even the waxed floor of a dancing hall. About the smallest size for a playing floor is 40 x 50 feet. A larger surface will, of course, allow greater freedom for fielding and running. The spectators are usually placed in the right and left field, on either side of the catcher's territory, and in galleries, according to the construction of the room used for play. At first the sport was confined to a few of the social clubs of Chicago, which had organized a league, but of late years great strides have been made toward having the game spread all over the United States. Many of the Chicago clubs have made trips to cities East and West and played indoor ball before large crowds of spectators, who had become initiated in the sport, and consequently extremely interested, for it is said of indoor ball that it is the most exciting sport which the winter i .onths give us, for, the space allotted for play usually being somewhat confined, the spectators and players are at no great dis- tance from each other, and the rapid action is of a very exciting nature. Some excellent players have been developed, especially among amateurs. Several professionals have tried their hand, but find themselves outclassed by the more nimble amateurs, as agility rather than strength enters largely into the sport. In playing the indoor game, ordinary base ball suits are the proper dress, except that the spiked shoes are done away with and rubber-soled ones used instead. At- the knee and hip the trousers should be thickly padded, as

NORMAN K. ROBB, Member Executive Committee National Indoor Base Ball Association.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 19 contact with the floor at these points is a common occur- rence. A different style of play is noticeable in the successful indoor player from that adopted outdoors. In sliding to bases there must be perfect abandon, and, sliding well around the bag, the arm can be thrust out in passing and the base held. In batting, the ball can be bunted success- fully, and, as the first contact with the floor decides its fairness, this feature is one practiced by many of the best players. Still, it must not be supposed that long hits can- not be made, for many home runs have been credited on drives that are astonishing in their force. The short stops usually play close to the batter-about ten feet, one on either side of the pitcher, for in the indoor game the right fielder comes into the diamond and takes the position known as "right short." The umpires' duties are rather difficult, as the quick play and closeness to the players oftentimes actually prevent their seeing the action, but in case one is unable to judge the other may be appealed to. It is surprising to note the expertness with which girls also can play the game after short practice. Many of the schools have leagues for girls' clubs and under proper training they develop wonderful playing, their contests being highly interesting though of necessity the number of spectators is more limited. Indoor base ball is a pleasant, agreeable and moderate sport. It has delighted thousands and incidentally de- veloped an increasing interest in the outdoor game so closely are the two allied. It has emerged from what was at first termed a "fad" to a well-balanced, exciting sport, and there no longer can be any doubt that it has come to take its proper place among such games as foot ball, cricket, tennis and golf,

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REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 23

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SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 23 Alaska is now a fixture on the indoor Base Ball map, with an eight-club league in Nome, and with other towns in the vicinity taking up the sport. The change in the Advisory Committee dividing the Board into sectional committees according to their geographical location, with a Chairman to supervise the affairs of the game and look after its best interests, has been the means of greatly increasing the efficiency of this body and for the advancement of the game. Indoor Base Ball has advanced so rapidly in popular favor the past few years that it seems only a question of time until it will be the recognized national winter sport, the same as outdoor Base Ball is the national sport of the summer months.

Member Advisory Board, St. Paul, Min. Member Advisory Board, St. Paul, Minn.

SUGGESTIONS TO UMPIRES 27

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INDOOR BASE BALL ON THE PACIFIC COAST 29

G. BRACHER, President City Indoor Base Ball League, Dubuque, Iowa.

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THE ART OF BATTING 35

THE ART OF BATTING By AN OLD TIMER. To become a successful batter requires coolness, a good eye, good judgment and a number of other requisites which only come to a man by constant practice. I have followed the game since its infancy and I have never seen two men whom I can say bat exactly alike. It is quite true the position some batters assume are much alike, some crouch low down, while others stand upright, some drive the ball out hard, while others mix them up and place their hit. I would advise a man to assume an easy, natural position so as to be ready for any kind of a ball pitched. Remember the pitcher is always sizing you up to ascertain your weakness while at the bat and you should study him, to find out his peculiarities, as every pitcher has them. Some pitchers would rather pitch to a slugger than to a bunter and vice versa. Always try to do the opposite to what the pitcher intends to make you do, as nearly as you can judge, and confuse him as much as possible. Another thing which you must not lose sight of is, that every player on the opposing team is also sizing you up, and by your position and general way of handling yourself they may judge in which direction the ball may go if you hit it. I would advise a batter to conduct himself in such a manner as to mislead his opponent of his inten- tions. For example, suppose one of your team mates is on base and you wish to advance him and do not want to take a chalice on hitting out a fly ball and causing a double

A. M. GRILLEY, Y. M. C. A., Portland, Ore. Member Advisory Board.

HOW TO BECOME A BASE RUNNER 39

J. A. CANFIELD, President Maplewood Indoor Base Ball League, Chicago, Ill.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 39 running the bases should watch for any slip on the part of the catcher or any pitched ball which pulls the catcher over in such a position from which it would be hard for him to make a good throw to a base. Such an oppor- tunity should always be his cue when he is looking for a chance to steal. The hit and run game can be played just the same in indoor as in outdoor base ball, and many games are won by the use of it. Especially with two out the base runner should leave the base with the pitcher's arm and if the ball is hit by the batsman stands a better chance of mak- ing the next base and of sometimes scoring. There is one play which a good base runner may often attempt and sometimes be successful with, and that is in a close game or with two men out and a weak batter up, he tries to steal home plate while the ball is being passed from the catcher to shortstop and from there to the pitcher. It is surprising how a play of this kind often will get a whole crowd on edge and nothing upsets an opponent any more than men taking chances on the bases when the score is close. While at this point it might be well to state that nothing pleases the spectators more than to see shifty and daring base running. They want to see something else besides the pitcher and catcher putting men out. They want to have excitement and life in the game and clever base running is what gives it to them. There is always a chance for a wild throw when a base runner is attempting to steal, and nothing puts a team "up in the air" so much as to get them throwing the ball wild. To sum it all up, the two essentials for a good base runner are, first, to be wide awake to every opportunity, and when you are sure of your ground be quick and de- cisive in taking a chance; second, to be able to slide to bases well.

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INDOOR BASE BALL IN CANADA 43

1, McCourtney; 2, Rogness; 3, Hanson; 4, Norris; 5, Smith, Mgr.; 6. Hanger; 7, Tique; 8, Mills; 9, DuFord; 10, Goldbloom; 11, Rennix. Photo by Lee Bros. APEX TEAM, Minneapolis Indoor Base Ball League.

1, Read; 2, Newman: 3, Henrickson; 4, Sears; 5, Donaldson; 6, Klube; 7, Green; 8, Knight; 9, Merrit; 10, Burns; 11, R. Green; 12, Andresen, Phys. Dir. AURORA (ILL.) Y. M. C. A. TEAM.

1, McConnell; 2, Anderson: 3, Jeffords; 4, mlullen; b, ttu.mp; b, tSaCnolrr; 7, Kennedy, Mgr.; S, Ic:keringill- 9, Daley. Photo by Black. CATHOLIC ATHLETIC TEAM, JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

1, Cameron; 2, Werle; 3, Foley; 4, Schwing; 5, Branch; 6, Kline; 7, Johnson; 8, Orr; 9, Ball, Capt. and Mgr.; 10, Saner. Photo by Bairstow. COLUMBIAN ATHLETIC CLUB TEAM, WARREN, PA.

1, Lutz; 2, Bognish; 3, Woodland; 4, Ziemer; 5, Andres, Capt.; 6, Kiess, Mgr.; 7, Gibbons; 8, Meacham; 9, Abels. COMPANY E TEAM, THIRD REGIMENT M. N, G,, ST. PAUL, MINN,

1, A. Cummings; 2, White, Mgr. and Capt.; 3, Pederson; 4, Early; 5, J. Cummings; 6, Vervais; 7, Raudenbush; 8, Burocher; 9, Connell. COMPANY D, FIRST INFANTRY, M. N. G., Champions National Guard Athletic Association of St. Paul, Minn.

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IMPLEMENTS OF THE GAME 51

1, Elward; 2, Forrest; 3, McDonough; 4, Ryan; 5, Gropan; 6, Murphy; 7, Kempf; 8, Mee; 9, Gorman; 10, Egan. Photo by Priesleben. DE LA SALLE INSTITUTE TEAM, CHICAGO.

SPALDING S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 5I The pants should either be padded at the knees and hips, or the regular adjustable knee-pad used to prevent actual contact of these parts of the anatomy with the floor, SHOES. All shoes worn must have rubber soles; those with cor- rugated rubber having been found the best. MATS. Where bases lie near a wall, padded mats should be stood up opposite, against which the players may strike when running or sliding.

1, Seminon; 2. Fisher, Capt.; 3, Pierson, Phys. Dir.; 4, Summers; 5, McReynolds; 6, Regal; 7, McIllehany; 8, Ford; 9, Ritter. EVANSVILLE (IND.) Y. M. C. A. TEAM.

CONSTITUTION 55

1, Baxter; 2, Robb, Mgr.; 3, Blue: 4, Curtiss; 5, Mulvihill; 6, Uckerman; 7, Stevens; 8, Cramer; 9, Keeley; 10, Goeckel. Photo by Stafford & Son. HAYNES CLASS TEAM, BIBLE CLASS LEAGUE.

1, Eberhardy; 2, Schumacker; 3, Petzke; 4, Lewis; 5, Vollmer; 6, Yule; 7, Herman; 8, Hegeman, Umpire; 9, Whitaker; 10, Burke, Mgr.; 11, Tully, Capt. KENOSHA (WIS.) TEAM, H. S. Brown, Photo,

1, Richards; 2, Lucas; 3, Hoffer, Phy. Dir.; 4, Streator; 5, Moore; 6, Goodell; 7, Wright; 8, Smith; 9, W. Heilman; 10. Wilson; 11, P. Heilman. Walinger, Photo. OAK PARK (ILL.) Y. M. C. A. TEAM.

1. Engel; 2, Kull, Mgr.; 3, Lawrence; 4, Krueger; 5, R. J. Kenna; 6, Hansen, Capt.; 7, Steinheiser; 8, Cosgrove, Pres.-Sec. of League; 9, Pepple; 10, R. Kenna. PRESBYTERIAN YOUNG MEN'S CLUB, MICHIGAN CITY, IND.

1, Searles; 2, O'Neill; 3, Barnabee; 4, MacAlister; 5, Hawkins; 6, Martin, Mgr.; 7, Sweeney; 8, Corey, Sec.; 9, Heckman; 10, Kellar; 11, Baxter. Walinger, Photo. SPALDING TEAM, Champions Chicago Indoor Base Ball League.

ORGANIZATION OF LEAGUES 65

1, Lindstrom; 2, Pleva, Mgr.; 3. Wicks; 4, Williams; 5, Swanson; 6, T. Moore; 7, Donahue; 8, Erkel; 9, Mills; 10, Smith; A11, R. Moore; 12, Rice; 13, Gilli. SWANSON & LINDSTROM TEAM, Minneapelis Indoor Base Ball League. Photo by Lee Brob

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 69

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS ARTICLE I. NAME. This organization shall be known as the INDOOR BASE BALL LEAGUE. ARTICLE II. OBJECTS. To promote the game of indoor base ball among the clubs of ARTICLE III. MEMBERSHIP. The membership of this league shall consist of clubs from the recognized clubs of ARTICLE IV. TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP. The membership of any club may be terminated- (I) By resignation, duly excepted by a three-fourths vote of all the clubs in meeting duly convened. (2) Allowing open betting or pool selling at a game, or in room in which game is played. (3) Playing any game of ball with a club that has been dis- qualified. (4) Allowing any player to play on team that has been expelled by the League or any club thereof. (5) Offering, agreeing, conspiring, or attempting to lose any game of ball or of being interested in any pool or wager thereon. (6) Failing or refusing to comply with any lawful require. ments of the Board of Directors. (7) Wilfully violating any provision of the Constitution ox the legislation or playing rules in pursuance thereof.

1, Murta; 2, Bigler, Mgr.; 3, Weeks; 4, Ingles; 5, La Rue; 6, W. North, Pres.-Sec.; 7, H. La Rue; 8, Drake; 9, Quirk; 10, Kline. WITHINGTON ZOUAVES, JACKSON, MICH.

1. Doernbach; 2, Seitz; 3, Caul; 4, Grow; 5, Roberts; 6, Roseboro; 7, Goldman; 8, Zickler; 9, Goldman. Y. M. C. A. TEAM, CLEVELAND, 0.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 71 shall constitute the governing body of said League, from which shall be elected a President, Vice-President, Secretary-Treas- urer, and six (6) directors, which shall constitute the Board ot Directors; no two (2) shall be elected from any one club. Amended that President be non-representative of any club rep- resented in the League. ARTICLE IX. DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. The President shall preside at all meetings of the League and Board of Directors; appoint all committees, and perform such other duties as pertain to ' s office or may be assigned him by Board of Directors. He shall, with the Secretary, sign all necessary documents. He shall have the casting vote, in case of a tie, on all questions at both League and Board meetings. In absence of the President at any meeting of the League, the Vice-President shall exercise the power and duties of the President at such meetings. ARTICLE X. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall be treasurer of the League, and as such shall be custodian of all funds of the League, and shall render monthly a report of his account. He shall have the custody and care of all official records and documents; shall keep a true record of all meetings of the League and Board of Direc- tors; shall issue all official notices and attend to the necessary correspondence. He shall be entitled to such books, stationary, and material as the actual duties of his office may require (and shall keep a complete record of all games played). ARTICLE XI. DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. It shall be the duty of the Board of Directors to carry out the objects and purposes of the League. They shall have the power to adopt such rules and regulations as they may deem

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SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 75 He shall ask the captain of the home club whether there are any special ground rules to be enforced, and if there are he shall see that they are duly enforced, provided they do not conflict with any of these rules. (4) Umpires shall call game at 8.30 P. M., sharp. (5) The umpires must keep the contesting nines playing con- stantly from the commencement of the game to its termination, allowing such delays only as are rendered unavoidable by acci- dent or injury. He must, until the completion of the game, require the players of each side to promptly take their positions in the field as soon as the third man is put out, and must re- quire the first batter of the opposite side to be in his position at the bat as soon as the fielders are in their places. The umpire may remove from the game any player guilty of vulgar, indecent or other improper conduct or language, and shall report same to the Arbitration Committee. (6) It is the duty of the umpire to stop any offensive "root- ing" or noise, and to positively prohibit all continuous "root- ing" under penalty of a forfeiture of th( game by the side at fault. ARTICLE XIV. COACHING. The coachers shall be restricted to coaching the base-run. ner only, and shall not be allowed to address any remarks except to the base-runner, and then only in words of necessary direction; and shall not use language which shall in any man. ner refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposing team, the umpire or the spectators; and not more than one coach will be allowed with one runner on base, and two coaches with two or three runners on bases. To enforce the above the captain of the opposite side may call the attention of the umpire to the offence, and upon a repetition of the same, the offending player shall be debarred from further participation in the game. ARTICLE XV. REMOVAL. Any League umpire shall be subject to removal by the Board of Directors, and in the event of the resignation or removal of any League umpire the chief of umpires shall have powel to appoint a suitable person to fill the vacancy thus created.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 77 ARTICLE XXIII. MEMBERS OF TEAM. Any person in good standing with the League may play on any team represented in the League. A player who plays a League game with a club in this League cannot play a League game with any other club in this League unless he gets a written release from the manager of club with which he has played. ARTICLE XXIV. REGISTRATION. The manager of each club shall be required to register the players of his team (regular and substitute) with the secretary. Each registration to be accompanied by a fee of twenty-five (25) cents. Players must be registered one week before they are eligible to play. Their personal signature to be attached to said regis- tration blank. Managers shall have option on services of player so registered for the next season, and any player desiring his release shall appeal to the Arbitration Committee. ARTICLE XXV. RULES GOVERNING MEETING. Robert's Rules of Order shall govern the meetings of the League. ARTICLE XXVI. MISCELLANEOUS, I. Roll call. 2. Reading of minutes of last meeting. 3. Report of committees. 4. Report of officers. 5. Reading of correspondence. 6. Election of new members. 7. Unfinished business. 8. New business. 9. Adjournment.

1, Lawson; 2, Harvey; 3, Schmidt; 4, Fay; 5, Cook; 6, Lee; 7, Marcon; 8, Zinsel- meyer, Mgr.; 9, Bonnet; 10, Hammer; 11, Hoppe; 12, Mascot. Brodesser, Photo. COMPANY F TEAM, MILWAUKEE, WIS.

HANCOCK'S INDOOR BASE BALL RULES 81

RULE VI. THE PITCHER. The pitcher shall take his position facing the batter with both feet on the ground wholly within the box and with both feet on the rear line of said box, and when in the act of delivering the ball shall not take more than one step, but shall not be restricted as to curving the ball, although the arm must be swung parallel with the body. He shall not make more than one step in the act of delivering the ball. He shall hold the ball before the delivery fairly in front of his body and in sight of the umpire. When the armory game is payed on a large diamond with 35 foot base lines and 30 foot pitching distance, the pitcher shall take his position as described above, but can heel with one or both feet a line drawn across the box I8 inches from the rear end of said box and shall not take more than one step in the act of delivering the ball. He shall hold the ball before delivery fairly in front of his body and in sight of the umpire. NOTE.-In the preliminary moves of the pitcher the arm does not have to be swung parallel with the body, but only on the final swing, when deliv- ering the ball. RULE VII. THE GAME. A game shall consist of nine innings to each contesting club. except that, if the side first at the bat scores less runs in nine innings than the other has scored in eight innings, the game shall then terminate; or, if the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores the winning run before the third man is out, the game shall terminate. RULE VIII. A TIE GAME. If the score be a tie at the end of the ninth inning to each side, play shall only be continued until the side first at bat shall have scored one or more runs than the other side in an equal number of innings, or until the other side shall score one or more runs than the first side at bat.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 83 RULE IX. A FORFEITED GAME. A forfeited game shall be declared by the umpire in favor of the club not in fault, at the request of such club, in the fol- lowing cases: (a) If the required number of players to constitute a team fail to appear upon the field, or being upon the field fails to begin the game within one minute after the umpire has called "play" at the hour appointed for the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appearing or in commencing the game be unavoidable. (b) If, after the game has begun, one side refuses or fails to continue playing, unless such game has been suspended or termi- nated by the umpire. RULE X. SUBSTITUTES. The base runner shall not have a substitute run for him except by the consent of the captains of the contesting teams. RULE XI. CHOICE OF INNINGS. The choice of innings shall be decided by flipping a coin. RULE XII. GOOD AND BAD BALLS. A ball legally delivered by the pitcher which passes over any part of the home base not lower than the batsman's knee nor higher than his shoulder is a good ball. Otherwise it is a bad ball. It being assumed that the batter is standing erect while in his position. RULE XIII. BALKS. A motion to deliver the ball by the pitcher without his doing so, or holding the ball so long as to unnecessarily delay the game, constitutes a balk,

84 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. RULE XIV. ILLEGAL BALLS. A ball delivered by the pitcher with any part of his person out of the box, or if the pitcher fails to heel the back line of the pitcher's box with both feet prior to pitching the ball, or if he takes more than one step in the act of delivery. When the game is played under Armory rule, an illegal pitch shall be declared if the pitcher does not heel the I8-inch line. An illegal pitch entitles any base runner or batsman to a base. RULE XV. DEAD BALLS. Any pitched ball striking the batter is a dead ball, but does not entitle him to a base. If a batter intentionally gets in the way or interferes with any legally delivered ball a strike shall be called. If it should be the third strike the batter is out, and no base can be run on that ball. RULE XVI. NOT IN PLAY. In case of a foul strike, foul hit ball not legally caught out, dead ball, or base runner put out for being struck by a fair hit ball, the ball shall not be considered in play until it is held by the pitcher standing in his box. RULE XVII. BLCCK BALLS. A block ball is a batted or thrown ball that is stopped or handled by any person not engaged in the game. (a) Whenever a block occurs, base runners may run the bases without being put out, until the ball has been returned to and held by the pitcher standing in his box.

RULE XXI. FOUL STRIKES. A foul strike is a ball batted by the batsman when any part of his person is upon the ground outside the lines of the batsman's position. RULE XXII. THE BATSMAN IS OUT. (a) The batsman is out if he bats out of his turn and makes a fair hit before the error is discovered. (b) If he fails to take his position within one minute after the umpire has called for the batsman. (c) If he makes a foul hit and the ball be held by a fielder before touching the ground or any wall or fixture. (d) If he makes a foul strike. (e) If he attempts to hinder the catcher from fielding the ball, or fouls the ball intentionally, evidently without effort to make a fair hit. NOTE.-If the batter interferes with the catcher fielding his position, the base runners cannot advance on the play. (f) If, while first base be occupied by the base runner, he has three strikes, except when two men are already out. (g) As per Rule XV. (h) If the batsman is hit by the ball on the third strike he shall be declared out. NOTE.-If, after the batsman has two strikes, he fouls the ball, and tho hall hits him before it hits the floor, wall or any fixture, he shall be called out. RULE XXIII. BASE RUNNING. The batsman becomes a base runner. (a) Instantly after he makes a fair hit. NOTE.-A foul tip is a ball hit by the batsman and does not go higher than his head. (b) Instantly after four balls have been called by the umpire. (c) Instantly after three strikes. (d) Instantly after the umpire declares an illegal delivery of a ball by a pitcher.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 89 (b) If he intentionally kicks or interferes with a ball he has just batted. If a ball he has just batted rebounds and hits him he shall not be declared out on that account. (c) If the third strike be caught before touching the ground or any object. (d) If, after three strikes or a fair hit, he be touched with the ball in the hands of a fielder before such base- runner touches first base. (e) If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be se- curely held by a fielder while touching first base with any part of his person, before such base-runner touches first base. (f) If, in running from first to second base, from second to third base, or from third to.home base, he runs more than three feet from a direct line between such bases to avoid being touched by a ball in the hands of a fielder; but in case a fielder be occupying a base-runner's proper path, attempting to field a batted ball, then the base-run- ner shall run out of the path and shall not be declared out for so doing. (g) If he fails to avoid a fielder attempting to field a batted ball, or if he in any way obstructs a fielder attempt- ing'to field a batted ball, or intentionally interferes with a thrown ball. (h) If, at any time, while the ball is in play, he be touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless some part of his person is touching a base he is entitled to oc- cupy; provided, the ball be held by the fielder after touch- ing him; but-exception as to first base-in running to first base, he may overrun said base without being put out for being off said base, after first touching it, provided he returns at once and retouches the base, after which he may be put out as at any other base. If, in overrunning first base, he also attempt to run to second base, he shall forfeit such exemption from being put out.

90 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. (i) If, when a fair of four fly is legally caught, such ball is legally held by a fielder on the base occupied by the base runner when such ball was struck, or the base run- ner be touched with the ball in the hands of a fielder, before he retouches said base after such fair or foul hit ball was so caught. (j) If a fair hit ball strikes him before touching a fielder, wall or fixture, except when a runner is holding a base he is legally entitled to, and in such case no base shall be run unless forced by the batsman becoming a base runner, and no run shall be scored. (k) If, when running to a base, he fail to touch the in- tervening base or bases in regular order, he may be put out at the base he fails to touch by a fielder holding the ball on said base, in the same manner as in running to first base. RULE XXIX. TURN EITHER WAY. In returning to first base, after overrunning, the base- runner may turn either way. RULE XXX. SAFELY ON A BASE. A base-runner is safely on a base if he slides with the bag and clings to it; or, if any part of his person is touching the spot where the bag should be; or, he is safe if he has touched the home base or where the base should be. If, in sliding with the bag at any base, he should stop, he must then return with the bag to the proper spot before starting for another base, the same as in overrunning first base. RULE XXXI. COACHING RULES. The coachers are restricted in coaching to base-runners only, and are not allowed to address any remarks except to base-runners, and then only in words of necessary di- rection.

SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 93 be put out, base be run or run be scored. The umpire shall suspend play only for an accident to himself or a player (but in case of accident to a fielder "time" shall not be called until the ball be returned to and held by the pitcher standing in his box). (b) "Time" must not be called for trivial causes. The practice of players suspending the game to discuss or contest a decision with either umpire is a gross violation of the rules and the umpire must not allow it. (c) If a player wilfully disobeys the cautions of the umpires in regard to violations of the rules he may, at the dicretion of the umpires, be ordered out of the game and his place be filled, if such decision reduce the side to less than eight players. RULE XXXVI. SCORING. In order to promote uniformity in scoring, the following suggestions and definitions are made for the benefit of scorers, and they are required to make all scores in ac- cordance therewith. SECTION I. The first item in the tabulated score, after the player's name and position, shall be the number of times he has been at bat during the game. No time at bat shall be scored if the batsman be given first base on called balls or on an illegal delivery of the ball by the pitcher. SEC. 2. In the second column shall be set down the num- ber of hits made by each player. A hit should be scored in the following cases: When the ball from the bat strikes the ground within the foul lines and out of reach of the fielders. When a hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by a fielder in motion, but such player cannot recover himself in time to handle the ball before the striker reaches first base. When a ball is hit with such force to a fielder that he cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman.

94 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. When a ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman. That in all cases where a base-runner is retired by being hit by a batted ball, the batsman should be credited with a hit. SEC. 3. In the third column should be set down the number of runs made by each player during the game. SEC. 4. In the fourth column shall be set down the num- ber of opponents put out by each player. When a batsman is called out for a foul strike, or when he fails to bat in the proper order, the put-out shall be scored to the catcher. In all cases of out for interference or running out of line, the put-out shall be credited to the player who would have made the play, but for the action of the base-runner or batsman. SEC. 5'. The number of times the player assists shall be set down in the fifth column. An assist shall be given to each player who handles the ball in assisting a put-out or other play of the kind. An assist should be given to the player who makes a play in time to put a runner out, even if the player who could complete the play fails through no fault of the player assisting. SEC. 6. An error should be given in the sixth column for each misplay which allows the batsman or base-runner to make one or more bases, when perfect play would have insured his being put out, except that "wild pitches," "bases on balls," or illegal pitched balls, balks or passed balls, all of which comprise battery errors, shall not be included in this column. An error shall not be scored against the catcher for a wild throw to prevent a stolen base, unless the base-runner advances an extra base because of the error. No error shall be scored against a fielder who attempts to complete a double play, unless the throw is so wild that an additional base is gained.

INDOOR BASE BALL FOR WOMEN 98

by women as basket Dall. The first reason is that basket ball is easily understood by spectators, which makes it popular, especially with those who do not know the general rules of athletic games. The majority of those who attend indoor games for women do not understand base ball.

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98 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. locomotion which is considered unsafe by some of the best athletes among men. I object to it also for the same reason that batting the ball from the hands of an opponent has been abolished in the modi- fied rules for basket ball, viz.:-that it introduces into the game cer- tain roughness entirely out of harmony with true sport. For psycho- logical and physiological training and development the game offers many advantages. It is not as violent as basket ball, and for that reason it is a much safer sport for women. High exertion is required only at intervals, and is not continued long enough to be injurious to a player in normal physical condition. In this respect indoor base ball excels all other forms of school and college athletics. Foot ball and basket ball require such physical strength and endurance that they are prohibitive to all who are not above the normal physical development. Candidates for an outdoor base ball team must have skill acquired by years of practice, and should possess considerable endurance. All athletic games are open to young men who possess the requisite physical development and acquired skill, but the young women have not engaged to any extent in more than two athletic exercises, tennis and basket ball. Indoor base ball requires more and quicker exertion than tennis, brings into action more muscles of the body and permits eighteen players in a space equal to that required for four tennis players. There are nine positions to be filled, and each player must adapt herself to the place she occupies, and should, to a certain ex- tent, possess peculiar qualifications for her part in the game. It is, therefore, possible to take a class of young women in which there is a variety of physical strength, size and mental traits, and from this class develop a team which will work together effectually and har- moniously. Coaches of women's basket ball players have experienced special difficulty in securing team work, and for facilitating this desirable feature of all athletics, they have added boundaries and modified the rules. The natural boundaries of a base ball diamond and the neces- sity of each player remaining in her own position are conducive to team work in all indoor teams. The results of indoor base ball for girls in the West Division High

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HOW TO TEACH GIRLS TO PLAY INDOOR BASE BALL 102

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102 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. But that is not all. Pitching and playing for both sides is all right as far as it goes, but the more the girls know about the game, the more anxious they are to play it as it should be played, and, of course, with their own pitcher. And "there is a rub." You cannot have a good lively game if you have not a good pitcher in the box. Iow to find a girl who can play this important position? How to select a catcher, short-stops, basemen, fielders? It takes a little time, but by close observation of players you can in a short time divide the class into two regular teams and "line them up" ac- cording to the best abilities of different players. There are always short intermissions during the game and those afford a teacher an excellent opportunity to look for "talent." Standing in the pitcher's box, throw the ball to those who happen to be idle, and you by chance discover a good catcher, good baseman, or a good fielder. Ask the girls to send the ball back to you as fast as they can ", under- hand," or "overhand," and you easily discover the "coming pitcher." And before the school year is over you have a class divided in two teams, lined up and ready to play a lively game of base-ball whenever called upon. At the Medill High School almost every class of girls from the second year up is divided in two teams-sometimes, of course, with more fielders than is necessary-but the main object (after a regular lesson in gymnastics) to give them a good, interesting, lively game is obtained, and if they play only three innings, they get enough exer- cise out of it, while some classes become such experts in the game that very often they play five and even seven innings in I5 to 20 minutes. There are, however, some objectionable features in the game which must be eliminated if we wish to introduce it in the girls' classes. All kinds of "sliding," "blocking," "tripping," and all such "'smart tricks" must be left out. Playing "such a ball " might perhaps help to win a game, but such game will not make our girls more refined, more gentle. As the girls in our high schools and colleges take more and more interest in indoor base ball, it would be well to modify the rL us by proper authorities, as was done in the basket-ball. But care should ble taken so as not to sacrifice all the interesting and scientific features of the game to the desire of i modification,"

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104 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. ing had expired and the new armory was not completed, the teams were forced to disband. For some time the game was forgotten until some of the Com- pany F players, with the aid of a few outsiders organized a team under the name of the Apex; a hall was secured and a few games with outside teams were played. These games at- tracted some little attention and one at a time the Holtzermans, Toneys, Lund Land Agency, and the Henley teams organized and each in their turn played the Apex. These games went on for a few weeks and the public seemed greatly interested; through one of the newspapers' suggestion a league was pro- posed. The different managers were at once interested in this proposition and a meeting was called. A league was formed and was composed of eight teams, namely, Lund Lands, Swan- son & Lindstrom, Apex, Henleys, Holtzermans, Chicago Store, Toneys, Palace Clothing Company and Company B. At the first meeting the following officers were elected: Winfield C. Currier, president; Samuel J. Coughlin, vice-president; Charles Delaine, secretary, and John H. Schroeder, treasurer. A sched- ule was drawn up and the play began at once. There was one great obstacle in the way that caused a great deal of dissatisfaction; this was the fact that two teams had to be played on one evening, as the Monitor Hall was the only floor that could be secured for the games. Nevertheless the games were played according to the schedule, and after two weeks of searching the committee that had been appointed, were rewarded for their efforts by an offer made by Dr. Edward Shumpik, manager of the Casino Roller Skating Rink, to fur- nish his rink two nights a week, free of all charges, to the league. This offer was gladly accepted and the schedule was changed. Thus with everything complete the games went along smoothly. From the beginning of the scheduled games the Lund Lands, Swanson & Lindstrom and Apex teams played better ball than the remaining five teams; of the second division, the Henleys, Holtzermans and Toneys showed up to advantage, while the Company B and Palace teams were nearly out of the running.

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Io6 SPALDING S OFFICIAL INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. was the first team to organize, at the beginning of the season started out strong, but for a time fell down in its standing; later, however, a change of management seemed to bring better results and from that time until the end of the season the team climbed steadily upward. At the close of the season the fight for second place was closely contested between the Swanson & Lindstrom team and the Apex, but the former won out by one game. The success of this team was largely due to the work o' Smith, DuFour and Hauger; Smith, beside pitching, acted a manager. DuFour caught for the team, and his work was al- ways a feature; Hauger at first was a steady player and was a sure hitter; he ranked next to Rice, of the Swanson & Lind- strom's in hitting. The Henley team contained three professional players, "Peaches" Graham and "Buck" Freeman, of the Minneapolis American Association League, and Geelan of the Western League. Win. Currier managed the Henleys and also pitched. He was one of the few members of the league that had had previous experience in indoor base ball. Woolsey, who did the receiving work for the Henleys, and Chas. Currier, at sec- ond, were among the best players in the league. Freeman and Graham, although new at the game, covered their positions in fine style and they both ended the season near the top in the batting average column. John Schroeder, manager of the Holtzermans, did not have a single player on his team outside of the regular outdoor team, as he was one of the believers in indoor ball as a help to the conditioning of his team for the summer game. The Holtzer- mans were a strong bunch, although they failed to land in the first division. Nearly every game that was lost by them seemed more ill luck than anything else, for they met and defeated nearly all of the strong teams, while the games that were lost went to the weaker clubs. Leonard Schroeder, brother of the manager, did the firing for the team and he always seemed to be at his best, out of all the games lost he was at fault only once. Among the other men on the team that showed up well were Scherer, Pehle, Wassing and Jaeger.

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HIGHHI IHEST AWARDS ; *, OiR SPADING ATHLETIC GOODS , GRAND PRIZE GRAND PRIX V_^~ ~ ~ O. ' = ~1900 * 1900 ---~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .····~~~~~~~~~------- SPALDING C - C- INDOOR BASE BALL BATS No. 0. Spalding Regulation Indoor Bats. Made of selected second growth hickory in the best models. Handle wrapped with electric tape to prevent slipping. Each, 50c. No. 2. Spalding Regulation Bat. Same as No. 0, except handle and end not wrapped . .. Each, 40c. . &? No. INDOOR BASES No. 1. Indoor Canvas Bases, 10-oz. duck, unfilled. Per set of 3. $2.50 No. 2. Indoor Canvas Bases, 8-oz. duck, unfilled. Per set of 3. $2.00 No. 3. Indoor Rubber Home Plate . . . Each, 75c. SPALDING CATCHERS' PROTECTOR No. 1A. Well padded. Straps to go over shoulders and around waist . . .. Each, $2.00 SPALDING KNEE PROTECTORS No. 1. Heavily padded with sheepskin. Prevents bruised and dis- located knee caps. . . . . . Per pair, 75c. A^. . SPALDINC & BROS. New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany

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A. C. SPALDINC & BROS. New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany

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Spalding's Athletic Library 116

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port of annual meeting National Asso- ciation of Professional Base Ball Leagues, special articles and official rules. Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. (Ready May 1.)

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HOCKEY AUXILIARY NO. eS;ju-- OFiCIAL HANDBOOK OF Contains the official rules of the Associ- THE ONTARIO HOCKEY ASSOCI- ation, constitution, rules of competition, ATION. list of officers, and pictures of leading Edited by W. A. Hewitt, of Toronto. players. Price 10 cents. GROUP VII.-BASKET BALL NO. 7-SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BAS- ficial Basket Ball Guide. Contains full KET BALL GUIDE. instructions for players, both for the ex- Edited by George T. Hepbron. Con- pert and the novice, duties of officials, tains the revised official rules, decisions and specially posed full-page pictures on disputed points, records of prominent showing the correct and incorrect methods teams, reports on the game from various of playing. The demand for a book of parts of the country, and pictures of this character is fully satisfied in this hundreds of players. Price, 10 cents. publication, as many points are included NO. 193-HOW TO PLAY BASKET which could not be incorporated in the BALL, annual publication of the Basket Ball By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Of- Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents.

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athletic meetings; contents also include directions for building a track and laying out athletic grounds. and a very instruc- tive article on training; fully illustrated with pictures of leading athletes in ac- tion. Price 10' cents. NO. 273-THE OLYMPIC GAMES AT ATHENS, 1906, A complete account of the Olympic Games of 1906, at Athens, the greatest International Athletic Contest ever held. Containing a short history of the games, story of the American team's trip and their reception at Athens, complete list of starters in every event; winners, their times and distances; the Stadium; list of winners in previous Olympic Games at Athens, Paris and St. Louis, and a great deal of other interesting information. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- van, Special Commissioner from the United States to the Olympic Games. Illustrated with numerous pictures of scenes at the games and leading offi- cials, taken especially for this book. Price, 10 cents. NO. 252-HOW TO SPRINT. A complete and detailed account of how to train for the short distances. Every athlete who aspires to be a sprinter can study this book to advan- tage and gain a great deal of useful knowledge. Price 10 cents. NO. 255-HOW TO RUN 100 YARDS. By J. W Morton, the noted British champion. Written by Mr. Morton during his recent American trip, in 1905, especially for boys. Mr. Morton knows how to handle his subject, and his ad- vice and directions for attaining speed, will undoubtedly be of immense assist- ance to the great majority of boys who have to rely on printed instructions. Many of Mr. Morton's methods of train- ing are novel to American athletes, but his success is the best tribute to their worth. Illustrated with photographs of Mr. Morton in action, taken especially for this book in New York City. Price 10 cents. NO. 174-DISTANCE AND CROSS- COUNTRY RUNNING. By George Orton, the famous Univer- sity of Pennsylvania runner. Tells how to become proficient at the quarter, half, mile, the longer distances, and cross- country running and steeplechasing, with instructions for training and schedules to be observed when preparing for a contest. Illustrated with numerous pic- tures of leading athletes in action, with comments by the editor on the good and bad points shown. Price 10 cents.

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NO. 245-OFFICIAL Y,M,C,A, HAND- BOOK. Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well- known athletic authority. It contains the official rules governing all sports under the jurisdiction of the Y.M.C.A., a complete report of the physical direc tors' conference, official Y.M.C.A. scor- ing tables, pentathlon rules, many pic- tures of the leading Y.M.C.A. athletes of the country, official Y.M.C.A. athletic rules, constitution and by-laws of the Athletic League of Y.M.C.A., all-around indoor test, volley ball rules; illustrated. Price 10 cents. NO. 281-OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ATHLETIC LEAGUE. This is the 'official handbook of the Public Schools Athletic League, which embraces all the public schools of Greater New York. It contains the official rules that govern all the contests of the league, and constitution, by-laws and officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical edu- cation in the New York public schools. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. NO. 274-INTERCOLLEGIATE CROSS COUNTRY HANDBOOK. Contains constitution and by-laws, list of officers, and records of the associa- tion. Price, 10 cents.

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structor at Columbia University (New York), instructor for four years at the Columbia summer school and is now pro- prietor of the Park Place Gymnasium, at 14 Park Place, New York City. The book contains 200 photographs of all the various exercises with the instructions in large, readable type. It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. NO. 143-INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB- BELLS. Two of the most popular forms of home or gymnasium exercise. This book is written by America's amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become an expert. Price 10 cents. NO. 262-MEDICINE BALL. This book is not a technical treatise, but a series of plain and practical exer- cises with the medicine ball, suitable for boys and girls, business and professional men, in and out of gymnasium. Lengthy explanation and technical nomenclature have been avoided and illustrations used instead. The exercises are fascinating and attractive, and avoid any semblance of drudgery. Edited by W. J. Cromie, physical director Germantown (Pa.) Y.M.C.A. Price 10 cents. NO. 29-PULLEY WEIGHT EXERCISES By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium, Anderson Normal School, Chautauqua University. In conjunction with a chest machine anyone with this book can be- come perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. NO. 191-HOW TO PUNCH THE BAG. By W. H. Rothwell ("Young Cor- bett"). This book is undoubtedly the best treatise on bag punching that has ever been printed. Every variety of blow used in training is shown and ex- plained. The pictures comprise thirty- three full page reproductions of Young Corbett as he appears while at work in his training quarters. The photographs were taken by our special artist and cannot be seen in any other publication. Fancy nag punching is treated by a well-known theatrical bag puncher, who shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents.

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