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Indian Boarding Schools: Civilizing the Native Spirit
Overview Sioux boys of the first class entering Carlisle

In the late 1800s, the United States supported an educational experiment that the government hoped would change the traditions and customs of American Indians. Special boarding schools were created in locations all over the United States with the purpose of "civilizing" American Indian youth . Thousands of Native American children were sent far from their homes to live in these schools and learn the ways of white culture. Many struggled with loneliness and fear away from their tribal homes and familiar customs.  Some lost their lives to the influenza, tuberculosis, and measles outbreaks that spread quickly through the schools. Others thrived despite the hardships, formed lifelong friendships, and preserved their Indian identities.

Through photographs, letters, reports, interviews, and other primary documents, students explore the forced acculturation of American Indians through government-run boarding schools.


Objectives While completing this unit, students will:
  • gain respect for differences in cultures;
  • be active questioners and critical readers while analyzing primary documents; 
  • develop an understanding of issues related to the forced acculturation of American Indians into the American culture; and 
  • examine different perspectives of the "Indian problem" in relation to the education of American Indian children.
Time Required 10 class periods of 45 minutes each
Recommended Grade Level 6 - 9
Curriculum Fit American History, Geography, Language Arts

Standards

McREL 4th Edition Standards & Benchmarks

Historical Understanding
Standard 2. Understands the historical perspective

Language Arts
Standard 4. Gathers and uses information for research purposes
Standard 7. Uses reading skills and strategies to understand and interpret a variety of informational texts
Standard 9. Uses viewing skills and strategies to understand and interpret visual media

US History
Standard 9. Understands the United States territorial expansion between 1801 and 1861, and how it affected relations with external powers and Native Americans
Standard 19. Understands federal Indian policy and United States foreign policy after the Civil War

Resources Used
  • See the Resources Page for a complete list of the online, print, and media sources used for this lesson.
  • See the Resources for Journal page for information about individuals and groups of people connected with American Indian boarding schools.

Overview  |  Teacher's Guide  |  Student Page
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Last updated 10/01/2002